1
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Sakaguchi D, Gotoh H. Using Three-Dimensional Information to Predict and Interpret the Facial Selectivities of Nucleophilic Additions to Cyclic Ketones. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3213-3221. [PMID: 38591731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we devised a new method to predict facial selectivity by quantifying steric and orbital factors for the nucleophile approaching both π-plane faces. Using this method, we quantified the total electron density and frontier orbital distributions of 163 cyclic ketones with various structures and quantitatively explained the surface selectivity of 323 reactions with eight nucleophiles (BH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4, LiAl(OMe)3H, MeLi, MeMgI, PhLi, and PnMgI). Importance analysis showed a large orbital effect for BH3, LiAlH4, and NaBH4 and the dominance of the steric effect for LiAl(OMe)3H, MeLi, MeMgI, PhLi, and PhMgI. Our method analyzes three-dimensional features based on Gaussian cube files, which can be easily obtained using mainstream computational chemistry software packages, and this approach should prove useful for predicting the rates and facial selectivity of other reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Hodogaya-ku 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Hodogaya-ku 240-8501, Japan
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2
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Senatore R, Malik M, Pace V. Fluoroiodomethane: A CH2F‐Moiety Delivering Agent Suitable for Nucleophilic‐, Electrophilic‐ and Radical‐Harnessed Operations. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Jordan A, Hall CGJ, Thorp LR, Sneddon HF. Replacement of Less-Preferred Dipolar Aprotic and Ethereal Solvents in Synthetic Organic Chemistry with More Sustainable Alternatives. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6749-6794. [PMID: 35201751 PMCID: PMC9098182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents comprise just over 40% of all organic solvents utilized in synthetic organic, medicinal, and process chemistry. Unfortunately, many of the common "go-to" solvents are considered to be "less-preferable" for a number of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) reasons such as toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or for practical handling reasons such as flammability and volatility. Recent legislative changes have initiated the implementation of restrictions on the use of many of the commonly employed dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and for ethers such as 1,4-dioxane. Thus, with growing legislative, EHS, and societal pressures, the need to identify and implement the use of alternative solvents that are greener, safer, and more sustainable has never been greater. Within this review, the ubiquitous nature of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed with respect to the physicochemical properties that have made them so appealing to synthetic chemists. An overview of the current legislative restrictions being imposed on the use of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed. A variety of alternative, safer, and more sustainable solvents that have garnered attention over the past decade are then examined, and case studies and examples where less-preferable solvents have been successfully replaced with a safer and more sustainable alternative are highlighted. Finally, a general overview and guidance for solvent selection and replacement are included in the Supporting Information of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratory, 6 Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2GA, U.K
| | - Callum G J Hall
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XL, U.K.,GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lee R Thorp
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Helen F Sneddon
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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4
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Ballarotto M, Solinas M, Temperini A. A straightforward synthesis of functionalized 6 H-benzo[ c]chromenes from 3-alkenyl chromenes by intermolecular Diels-Alder/aromatization sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10359-10375. [PMID: 34812469 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and metal-free approach to the synthesis of substituted 6H-benzo[c]chromenes has been developed. This three-step synthetic sequence starts from variously substituted salicylaldehydes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form the chromene core. The de novo ring-forming key step is based on a highly regioselective intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition between 3-vinyl-2H-chromenes and methyl propiolate, followed by oxidative aromatization of the cyclohexadiene cycloadduct intermediate to obtain the final products in good yields (up to 94% over two steps). A modular and divergent design was followed, including a multicomponent reaction, to maximize the scaffold diversity obtained from our approach. The mechanism, investigated by DFT calculations, was confirmed to be concerted through a slightly asynchronous transition state. Energetic analysis of the transition states which have been found confirmed the experimental results in terms of regioselectivity and reactivity tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ballarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mario Solinas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Temperini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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5
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García‐Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, Hevia E, García‐Álvarez J. Advancing Air‐ and Moisture‐Compatible s‐Block Organometallic Chemistry Using Sustainable Solvents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. García‐Garrido
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie (DCBP) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
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6
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Elorriaga D, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Lara-Sánchez A, Castro-Osma JA, García-Álvarez J. Fast Addition of s-Block Organometallic Reagents to CO 2 -Derived Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature, Under Air, and in 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2084-2092. [PMID: 33666346 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast addition of highly polar organometallic reagents (RMgX/RLi) to cyclic carbonates (derived from CO2 as a sustainable C1 synthon) has been studied in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a green reaction medium or in the absence of external volatile organic solvents, at room temperature, and in the presence of air/moisture. These reaction conditions are generally forbidden with these highly reactive main-group organometallic compounds. The correct stoichiometry and nature of the polar organometallic alkylating or arylating reagent allows straightforward synthesis of: highly substituted tertiary alcohols, β-hydroxy esters, or symmetric ketones, working always under air and at room temperature. Finally, an unprecedented one-pot/two-step hybrid protocol is developed through combination of an Al-catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide with the concomitant fast addition of RLi reagents to the in situ and transiently formed cyclic carbonate, thus allowing indirect conversion of CO2 into the desired highly substituted tertiary alcohols without need for isolation or purification of any reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Antonio Castro-Osma
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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7
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Synthesis of stable α-fluoromethyl putative carbanions via a chemoselective reduction-monofluoromethylation sequence of diselenides under sustainable conditions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Ielo L, Miele M, Pillari V, Senatore R, Mirabile S, Gitto R, Holzer W, Alcántara AR, Pace V. Taking advantage of lithium monohalocarbenoid intrinsic α-elimination in 2-MeTHF: controlled epoxide ring-opening en route to halohydrins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2038-2043. [PMID: 33599644 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic degradative α-elimination of Li carbenoids somehow complicates their use in synthesis as C1-synthons. Nevertheless, we herein report how boosting such an α-elimination is a straightforward strategy for accomplishing controlled ring-opening of epoxides to furnish the corresponding β-halohydrins. Crucial for the development of the method is the use of the eco-friendly solvent 2-MeTHF, which forces the degradation of the incipient monohalolithium, due to the very limited stabilizing effect of this solvent on the chemical integrity of the carbenoid. With this approach, high yields of the targeted compounds are consistently obtained under very high regiocontrol and, despite the basic nature of the reagents, no racemization of enantiopure materials is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Complutense University of Madrid - Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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9
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Fairley M, Bole LJ, Mulks FF, Main L, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT, García-Alvarez J, Hevia E. Ultrafast amidation of esters using lithium amides under aerobic ambient temperature conditions in sustainable solvents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6500-6509. [PMID: 32874519 PMCID: PMC7441706 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 2-methyl THF as solvent enables efficient and ultrafast amidation of esters by lithium amides at room temperature in air, edging closer towards reaching air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry.
Lithium amides constitute one of the most commonly used classes of reagents in synthetic chemistry. However, despite having many applications, their use is handicapped by the requirement of low temperatures, in order to control their reactivity, as well as the need for dry organic solvents and protective inert atmosphere protocols to prevent their fast decomposition. Advancing the development of air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry, the chemoselective and ultrafast amidation of esters mediated by lithium amides is reported. Establishing a novel sustainable access to carboxamides, this has been accomplished via direct C–O bond cleavage of a range of esters using glycerol or 2-MeTHF as a solvent, in air. High yields and good selectivity are observed while operating at ambient temperature, without the need for transition-metal mediation, and the protocol extends to transamidation processes. Pre-coordination of the organic substrate to the reactive lithium amide as a key step in the amidation processes has been assessed, enabling the structural elucidation of the coordination adduct [{Li(NPh2)(O
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CPh(NMe2))}2] (8) when toluene is employed as a solvent. No evidence for formation of a complex of this type has been found when using donor THF as a solvent. Structural and spectroscopic insights into the constitution of selected lithium amides in 2-MeTHF are provided that support the involvement of small kinetically activated aggregates that can react rapidly with the organic substrates, favouring the C–O bond cleavage/C–N bond formation processes over competing hydrolysis/degradation of the lithium amides by moisture or air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fairley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Leonie J Bole
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK.,Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Laura Main
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Joaquín García-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC) , Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) , Facultad de Química , Universidad de Oviedo , E-33071 , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK.,Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
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10
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Waugh TM, Masters J, Aliev AE, Marson CM. Monocyclic Quinone Structure-Activity Patterns: Synthesis of Catalytic Inhibitors of Topoisomerase II with Potent Antiproliferative Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:114-124. [PMID: 31778038 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The monocyclic 1,4-benzoquinone, HU-331, the direct oxidation product of cannabidiol, inhibits the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II but without inducing DNA strand breaks or generating free radicals, and unlike many fused-ring quinones exhibits minimal cardiotoxicity. Thus, monocyclic quinones have potential as anticancer agents, and investigation of the structural origins of their biological activity is warranted. New syntheses of cannabidiol and (±)-HU-331 are here reported. Integrated synthetic protocols afforded a wide range of polysubstituted resorcinol derivatives; many of the corresponding novel 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone derivatives are potent inhibitors of the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II, some more so than HU-331, whose monoterpene unit replaced by a 3-cycloalkyl unit conferred increased antiproliferative properties in cell lines with IC50 values extending below 1 mM, and greater stability in solution than HU-331. The principal pharmacophore of quinones related to HU-331 was identified. Selected monocyclic quinones show potential for the development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Waugh
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAJ, UK
| | - John Masters
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre Research Department of Urology Charles Bell House, University College London, 67-75 Riding House Street, London, W1 W 7EJ, UK
| | - Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAJ, UK
| | - Charles M Marson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAJ, UK
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11
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Furuyama T, Okujima T, Muramatsu K, Takahashi Y, Mikami A, Fukumura T, Mori S, Nakae T, Takase M, Uno H, Kobayashi N. Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Tetrabenzoporphyrin Complexes Bearing Four or Eight Peripheral Phenyl Groups. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Kota Muramatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Akihiro Mikami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Tomoteru Fukumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakae
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology; Shinshu University; Ueda 386-8567 Japan
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12
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13
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Castoldi L, Monticelli S, Senatore R, Ielo L, Pace V. Homologation chemistry with nucleophilic α-substituted organometallic reagents: chemocontrol, new concepts and (solved) challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6692-6704. [PMID: 29850663 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of a reactive nucleophilic CH2X unit into a preformed bond enables the introduction of a fragment featuring the exact and desired degree of functionalization through a single synthetic operation. The instability of metallated α-organometallic species often poses serious questions regarding the practicability of using this conceptually intuitive and simple approach for forming C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. A deep understanding of processes regulating the formation of these nucleophiles is a precious source of inspiration not only for successfully applying theoretically feasible transformations (i.e. determining how to employ a given reagent), but also for designing new reactions which ultimately lead to the introduction of molecular complexity via short experimental sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Monticelli S, Rui M, Castoldi L, Missere G, Pace V. A practical guide for using lithium halocarbenoids in homologation reactions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1285-1291. [PMID: 29983454 PMCID: PMC6006224 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lithium halocarbenoids are versatile reagents for accomplishing homologation processes. The fast α-elimination they suffer has been considered an important limitation for their extensive use. Herein, we present a series of practical considerations for an effective employment in the homologation of selected carbon electrophiles. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giada Missere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Saima, Kumar L, Lavekar AG, Sharma T, Shamsuzzama, Equbal D, Siddiqi MI, Sinha AK, Nazir A. Chemo‐Biocatalytic Oxidative Condensation of Natural Arylpropene with 2‐Aminobenzothiazole into Schiff‐Bases as Potent Anti‐Amyloid Agents: Studies Employing Transgenic
C. elegans. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow, U.P. India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Toxicology divisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Aditya G. Lavekar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Tanuj Sharma
- Molecular and Structural Biology DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Shamsuzzama
- Toxicology divisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Danish Equbal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Arun K. Sinha
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow, U.P. India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Toxicology divisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, U.P. India
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16
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Kumon T, Hashishita S, Kida T, Yamada S, Ishihara T, Konno T. Gram-scale preparation of negative-type liquid crystals with a CF 2CF 2-carbocycle unit via an improved short-step synthetic protocol. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:148-154. [PMID: 29441138 PMCID: PMC5789429 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate an improved short-step protocol for the synthesis of multicyclic molecules having a CF2CF2-containing cyclohexadiene or cyclohexane framework in a mesogenic structure. These molecules are promising candidates for vertical alignment (VA)-mode liquid crystal (LC) display devices owing to their large negative dielectric constant. The tetrafluorinated multicyclic molecules were successfully obtained in only five or six reaction steps without the need for special handling techniques, as is generally required for thermally unstable organometallic species, representing a reduction of three reaction steps. The improved short-step synthetic protocol was also amenable to the multigram preparation of these promising molecules, which may contribute significantly to the development of novel negative-type LC molecules containing CF2CF2 carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kumon
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shohei Hashishita
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takumi Kida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishihara
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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17
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Dilauro G, Dell'Aera M, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Unprecedented Nucleophilic Additions of Highly Polar Organometallic Compounds to Imines and Nitriles Using Water as a Non-Innocent Reaction Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
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18
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Dilauro G, Dell'Aera M, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Unprecedented Nucleophilic Additions of Highly Polar Organometallic Compounds to Imines and Nitriles Using Water as a Non-Innocent Reaction Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10200-10203. [PMID: 28695616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to classic methods carried out under inert atmospheres with dry volatile organic solvents and often low temperatures, the addition of highly polar organometallic compounds to non-activated imines and nitriles proceeds quickly, efficiently, and chemoselectively with a broad range of substrates at room temperature and under air with water as the only reaction medium. Secondary amines and tertiary carbinamines are furnished in yields of up to and over 99 %. The significant solvent D/H isotope effect observed for the on-water nucleophilic additions of organolithium compounds to imines suggests that the on-water catalysis arises from proton transfer across the organic-water interface. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between water molecules may play a key role in disfavoring protonolysis, which occurs extensively in other protic media such as methanol. This work lays the foundation for reshaping many fundamental s-block metal-mediated organic transformations in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
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19
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Parris P, Duncan JN, Fleetwood A, Beierschmitt WP. Calculation of a permitted daily exposure value for the solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 87:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Pieczykolan M, Narczyk A, Stecko S. The Synthesis of Chiral β,β-Diaryl Allylic Alcohols and Their Use in the Preparation of α-Tertiary Allylamines and Quaternary α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5636-5651. [PMID: 28492314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An approach to nonracemic β,β-diarylsubstituted allyl alcohols is described. Their synthesis starts from l-lactic acid-derived propargyl alcohol, which is submitted to sequential Sonogashira/Suzuki or Sonagashira/Stille coupling reactions. Both approaches enable the synthesis of either (Z)- or (E)-allylic alcohols regarding the order of introducing coupling agents. The obtained allyl alcohols were applied in the synthesis of nonracemic α-tertiary allylamines via stereocontrolled cyanate-to-isocyanate sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of the corresponding allyl carbamates. The stereoselectivity of the process is controlled by the geometry of the double bond of the starting allyl derivative. As demonstrated, a rearrangement of (S,Z)-allyl carbamates provides (S)-teriary allylamines, whereas the transformation (S,E)-isomers leads to (R)-allylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Narczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Stecko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Sośnicki JG, Idzik T, Borzyszkowska A, Wróblewski E, Maciejewska G, Struk Ł. Addition of novel benzylmagnesium “ate” complexes of BnR2MgLi type to 2-(thio)pyridones and related compounds. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Parisi G, Degennaro L, Carlucci C, de Candia M, Mastrorilli P, Roller A, Holzer W, Altomare CD, Pace V, Luisi R. A greener and efficient access to substituted four- and six-membered sulfur-bearing heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5000-5015. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization of four- and six-membered cyclic sulfones was investigated using a lithiation/functionalization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory
- Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory
- Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory
- Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory
- Italy
| | | | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 – Vienna
- Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 – Vienna
- Austria
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory
- Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 – Vienna
- Austria
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory
- Italy
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23
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Monticelli S, Castoldi L, Murgia I, Senatore R, Mazzeo E, Wackerlig J, Urban E, Langer T, Pace V. Recent advancements on the use of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran in organometallic chemistry. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 148:37-48. [PMID: 28127090 PMCID: PMC5225237 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since the introduction of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as an useful alternative to the classical tetrahydrofuran, there has been a continuous interest in the synthetic community operating at academic and industrial towards it. In particular, the much higher stability that basic organometallic reagents display in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran makes it suitable for processes involving such sensitive species including asymmetric transformations. The easy formation of an azeotropic mixture with water, the substantial immiscibility with water, and the fact it derives from natural sources (corncobs or bagasse), allow to consider it in agreement with the Anastas' Geen Chemistry principles. In this minireview, selected examples of its employment in organometallic transformations ranging from carbanions to radical and transition metal-catalyzed processes are provided. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugenia Mazzeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Vidal C, García-Álvarez J, Hernán-Gómez A, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvents and Organolithium Reagent Partnerships: Chemoselective Ultrafast Addition to Imines and Quinolines Under Aerobic Ambient Temperature Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vidal
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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25
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Vidal C, García-Álvarez J, Hernán-Gómez A, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvents and Organolithium Reagent Partnerships: Chemoselective Ultrafast Addition to Imines and Quinolines Under Aerobic Ambient Temperature Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16145-16148. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vidal
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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26
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Pace V, Holzer W, De Kimpe N. Lithium Halomethylcarbenoids: Preparation and Use in the Homologation of Carbon Electrophiles. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2061-76. [PMID: 27381551 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
α-Halomethyllithium carbenoids are useful homologating reagents which - reacting under proper reaction conditions as carbanions - enable the installation via nucleophilic addition of a reactive halomethyl fragment onto a preformed carbon-heteroatom bond. The pronounced thermolability represented - since seminal studies by Köbrich - the Achilles' heel of these reagents: the use of Barbier-type methodologies (i.e., the electrophile should be present in the reaction mixture prior to the formation of the carbenoid) was pivotal in order to suppress decomposition through α-elimination processes. Nowadays, the use of low temperatures (-78 °C) guarantees reliable procedures and, significantly, the employment of microreactor technologies allows external trapping to be performed even at higher temperatures as reported by Luisi. We will discuss the α-halomethyllithium-mediated homologations of a series of carbon electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds, imines, esters, Weinreb amides, and isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Kwon Y, Jeon M, Park JY, Rhee YH, Park J. Synthesis of 1H-azadienes and application to one-pot organic transformations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1H-Azadienes were synthesized from allyl azides by ruthenium catalysis under mild and neutral conditions. Applications of the 1H-azadienes were demonstrated for the one-pot synthesis of nitrogen containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yearang Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Mina Jeon
- Department of Chemistry
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Jin Yong Park
- Department of Chemistry
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Young Ho Rhee
- Department of Chemistry
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Jaiwook Park
- Department of Chemistry
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- Korea
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28
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Lee GA, Lee HY, Chen WC, Lin YH. Reactions of a,ß-unsaturated N-benzenesulfonyl Imine - N-[(2 E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ylidene]benzenesulfonamide with Methyllithium. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201500082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Shimotori Y, Hoshi M, Inoue K, Osanai T, Okabe H, Miyakoshi T. Preparation of optically active 4-substituted γ-lactones by lipase-catalyzed optical resolution. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOptically active 4-substituted γ-lactones (3 and 4) were synthesized effectively using lipase-catalyzed optical resolution. N-methyl-4-hydroxyalkanamides (rac-1a–i) as substrates were prepared from N-methylsuccinimide. The alkylation of N-methylsuccinimide using Grignard reagents generated from various alkyl halides followed by reduction resulted in N-methyl-4-hydroxyalkanamides. The optical resolution of rac-1a–g was performed using Novozym 435-catalyzed stereoselective acetylation. The stereoselective preparation of 4-substituted γ-lactones (3 and 4) possessing various side chains such as isopentyl, phenyl, and phenethyl groups was achieved with more than 90% enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Shimotori
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hoshi
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan
| | - Keita Inoue
- 2Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osanai
- 2Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hayato Okabe
- 2Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Miyakoshi
- 2Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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30
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Mamuye AD, Castoldi L, Azzena U, Holzer W, Pace V. Chemoselective efficient synthesis of functionalized β-oxonitriles through cyanomethylation of Weinreb amides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1969-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Homologation of Weinreb amides with cyanomethyllithium: a new route to β-oxonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Damtew Mamuye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- Sassari
- Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
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31
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Castellanos-Blanco N, Flores-Alamo M, García JJ. Tandem hydrogenation and condensation of fluorinated α,β-unsaturated ketones with primary amines, catalyzed by nickel. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15653-63. [PMID: 26250992 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple homogeneous catalytic system based on nickel phosphine complexes has been developed for the transfer hydrogenation and condensation of α,β-unsaturated ketones to yield saturated ones and saturated imines using primary amines as hydrogen donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahury Castellanos-Blanco
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Interior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Mexico City 04510
| | - Marcos Flores-Alamo
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Interior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Mexico City 04510
| | - Juventino J. García
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Interior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Mexico City 04510
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32
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Pace V, Castoldi L, Holzer W. Chemoselective Additions of Chloromethyllithium Carbenoid to Cyclic Enones: A Direct Access to Chloromethyl Allylic Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Kolb A, Zuo W, Siewert J, Harms K, von Zezschwitz P. Improved Synthesis of Cyclic Tertiary Allylic Alcohols by Asymmetric 1,2-Addition of AlMe3to Enones. Chemistry 2013; 19:16366-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Smith K, Elliott MC, Jones DH. 3-Chloro-1-lithiopropene, a functional organolithium reagent, and its reactions with alkylboronates to give 3-alkylprop-1-en-3-ols. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9526-31. [PMID: 24020427 PMCID: PMC3806150 DOI: 10.1021/jo4018028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The reagent 3-chloro-1-lithiopropene
(4) can
be generated by treating 1-bromo-3-chloropropene with t-BuLi. It is unstable but if generated at low temperature
in the presence of alkylboronic esters, such as 3, is
trapped in situ to give rearrangement products 2, which
on oxidation give 3-alkylprop-1-en-3-ols in good yields. The reaction
works for primary, secondary, benzylic, and even tertiary alkylboronic
esters, providing allylic alcohols bearing almost any alkyl group
available using organoborane chemistry and incorporating all features
of such groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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Pace V, Hoyos P, Alcántara AR, Holzer W. Chemoselective CaO-mediated acylation of alcohols and amines in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:905-910. [PMID: 23532956 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxide is proposed as an innocuous acid scavenger for the chemoselective synthesis of amide- and ester-type compounds. Although these molecules have wide spread applications in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry, and a large number of routes have been designed for their synthesis, the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly acylation strategies remains an ongoing challenge. The use of CaO allows for the stoichiometric acylation of primary alcohols in the presence of phenols or tertiary alcohols; amines can also be subjected to acylation reactions in the presence of hydroxyl groups. Chirality is obtained through acylation if the starting material is an optically pure alcohol or if a chiral acylating agent is used. Furthermore, the use of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), a more ecofriendly solvent, leads to maximized yields. This protocol is successfully applied to the synthesis of an interesting N-aryloxazolidin-2-one intermediate for the preparation of linezolid-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Drug and Natural Product Synthesis, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Gu Y, Jérôme F. Bio-based solvents: an emerging generation of fluids for the design of eco-efficient processes in catalysis and organic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9550-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pace V, Castoldi L, Alcántara AR, Holzer W. Highly efficient and environmentally benign preparation of Weinreb amides in the biphasic system 2-MeTHF/water. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41262h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fleury LM, Kosal AD, Masters JT, Ashfeld BL. Cooperative titanocene and phosphine catalysis: accelerated C-X activation for the generation of reactive organometallics. J Org Chem 2012; 78:253-69. [PMID: 23094703 DOI: 10.1021/jo301726v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study presented herein describes a reductive transmetalation approach toward the generation of Grignard and organozinc reagents mediated by a titanocene catalyst. This method enables the metalation of functionalized substrates without loss of functional group compatibility. Allyl zinc reagents and allyl, vinyl, and alkyl Grignard reagents were generated in situ and used in the addition to carbonyl substrates to provide the corresponding carbinols in yields up to 99%. It was discovered that phosphine ligands effectively accelerate the reductive transmetalation event to enable the metalation of C-X bonds at temperatures as low as -40 °C. Performing the reactions in the presence of chiral diamines and amino alcohols led to the enantioselective allylation of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Fleury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Pace V, Holzer W. A straightforward and general access to α-phthalimido-α′-substituted propan-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pace V, Hoyos P, Castoldi L, Domínguez de María P, Alcántara AR. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF): a biomass-derived solvent with broad application in organic chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:1369-79. [PMID: 22887922 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
2-Methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) can be derived from renewable resources (e.g., furfural or levulinic acid) and is a promising alternative solvent in the search for environmentally benign synthesis strategies. Its physical and chemical properties, such as its low miscibility with water, boiling point, remarkable stability compared to other cyclic-based solvents such as THF, and others make it appealing for applications in syntheses involving organometallics, organocatalysis, and biotransformations or for processing lignocellulosic materials. Interestingly, a significant number of industries have also started to assess 2-MeTHF in several synthetic procedures, often with excellent results and prospects. Likewise, preliminary toxicology assessments suggest that the use of 2-MeTHF might even be extended to more processes in pharmaceutical chemistry. This Minireview describes the properties of 2-MeTHF, the state-of-the-art of its use in synthesis, and covers several outstanding examples of its application from both industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Complutense University, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Azzena U, Kondrot F, Pisano L, Pittalis M. A green solvent approach to the chemistry of 1,2-diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Florian Kondrot
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Mario Pittalis
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
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Highly chemoselective synthesis of aryl allylic sulfoxides through calcium hypobromite oxidation of aryl allylic sulfides. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pace V. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran: A Versatile Eco-Friendly Alternative to THF in Organometallic Chemistry. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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