1
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Ręka P, Grolik J, Stadnicka KM, Kołton-Wróż M, Wołkow P. Synthesis of Nonsymmetrically Substituted 2,3-Dialkoxyphenazine Derivatives and Preliminary Examination of Their Cytotoxicity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1339-1351. [PMID: 36639775 PMCID: PMC9903326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen new 2,3-dialkoxyphenazine derivatives with two different alkoxy groups bearing R1 and R2 alkyl chains, defined as -CH2CH(CH3)2 and -(CH2)n-1CH3 for n = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, were prepared via regioselective synthesis. The applied synthetic protocol is based on the following reactions: the Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of a nonsymmetrically substituted 4,5-dialkoxy-2-nitroaniline with a 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene derivative featuring additional tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl or two methoxy groups; the reduction of bis(2-nitrophenyl)amine; and a final step of tandem-like oxidation that leads to the preparation of a heterocyclic phenazine system. The regioselectivity of these steps and the molecular structure of the compounds under investigation were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and additionally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction performed for some examples of 5 and 6 phenazine series. For 7-(tert-butyl)-3-isobutoxy-2-(octyloxy)phenazine (5f), 3-(hexyloxy)-2-isobutoxy-7-(trifluoromethyl)phenazine (6e), and 2,3-bis(hexyloxy)-7,8-dimethoxyphenazine (7), viability and cytotoxicity assays were performed on the LoVo human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, with 5f confirmed to exhibit cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Ręka
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grolik
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland,
| | - Katarzyna M. Stadnicka
- Department
of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Kołton-Wróż
- Center
for Medical Genomics—OMICRON, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, Kopernika 7c, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Wołkow
- Center
for Medical Genomics—OMICRON, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, Kopernika 7c, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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2
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Olszewska K, Jastrzebska I, Łapiński A, Górecki M, Santillan R, Farfán N, Runka T. Steroidal Molecular Rotors with 1,4-Diethynylphenylene Rotators: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations Toward Seeking Efficient Properties. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9625-9635. [PMID: 33064491 PMCID: PMC7604858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Properly designed molecular rotors
with sizable stators and a fast-moving
rotator could provide efficient building blocks for amphidynamic crystals.
Herein, we report the synthesis of steroidal compounds 1, 2, and 3 and their deuterated analogues 1D, 2D, and 3D envisioned to work
as molecular rotors. The obtained compounds were characterized by
attenuated total reflection-infrared, Raman, and circular dichroism
(CD) spectroscopy measurements. The interpretation of spectra was
supported by theoretical calculations using density functional theory
methods. The analysis of the most characteristic bands confirmed different
molecular dynamics of the rotors investigated. Angle-dependent polarized
Raman spectra showed the crystallinity of some samples. Electronic
CD (ECD) spectra of compounds 1–3 and their relevant
deuterated analogues 1D–3D are identical. The
increase of the band intensity with lowering the temperature shows
that the equilibrium is shifted to the thermodynamically most stable
conformer. ECD spectra simulated at the TDFFT level of theory for
compound 3 were compared with experimental results. It
was proved that conformer 3a, with a torsion angle of
+50°, exhibits the best agreement with the experimental results.
Simulated vibrational CD and IR spectra for conformer 3a and its deuterated analogue 3Da also display good agreement
with experimental results. In light of our comprehensive investigations,
we evidenced that steroidal compounds 1, 2, and 3 can work as molecular rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Olszewska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-254 Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łapiński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F. Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México D.F., Mexico
| | - Tomasz Runka
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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3
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van Cleuvenbergen S, Kędziora P, Fillaut JL, Verbiest T, Clays K, Akdas-Kilig H, Camerel F. Chiral Side Groups Trigger Second Harmonic Generation Activity in 3D Octupolar Bipyrimidine-Based Organic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn van Cleuvenbergen
- Department of Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200D and F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Przemysław Kędziora
- Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Molecular Physics; Smoluchowskiego 17 60-179 Poznań Poland
| | - Jean-Luc Fillaut
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200D and F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200D and F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Huriye Akdas-Kilig
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
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4
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van Cleuvenbergen S, Kędziora P, Fillaut JL, Verbiest T, Clays K, Akdas-Kilig H, Camerel F. Chiral Side Groups Trigger Second Harmonic Generation Activity in 3D Octupolar Bipyrimidine-Based Organic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9546-9550. [PMID: 28675543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The design of efficient noncentrosymmetric materials remains the ultimate goal in the field of organic second-order nonlinear optics. Unlike inorganic crystals currently used in second-order nonlinear optical applications, organic materials are an attractive alternative owing to their fast electro-optical response and processability, but their alignment into noncentrosymmetric film remains challenging. Here, symmetry breaking by judicious functionalization of 3D organic octupoles allows the emergence of multifunctional liquid crystalline chromophores which can easily be processed into large, flexible, thin, and self-oriented films with second harmonic generation responses competitive to the prototypical inorganic KH2 PO4 crystals. The liquid-crystalline nature of these chiral organic films also permits the modulation of the nonlinear optical properties owing to the sensitivity of the supramolecular organization to temperature, leading to the development of tunable macroscopic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn van Cleuvenbergen
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D and F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Przemysław Kędziora
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Physics, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jean-Luc Fillaut
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D and F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D and F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huriye Akdas-Kilig
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
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5
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Kaźmierska A, Gryl M, Stadnicka K, Sieroń L, Eilmes A, Nowak J, Matković M, Radić-Stojković M, Piantanida I, Eilmes J. Dicationic derivatives of dinaphthotetraaza[14]annulene: synthesis, crystal structures and the preliminary evaluation of their DNA binding properties. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Godbert N, Crispini A, Ghedini M, Carini M, Chiaravalloti F, Ferrise A. LCDiXRay: a user-friendly program for powder diffraction indexing of columnar liquid crystals. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714003240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation of a standard computerized procedure for the indexing of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of columnar liquid crystals, with the determination of all structural information extracted from a properly indexed PXRD spectrum and the attribution of the columnar mesophase symmetry, is presented. In particular, the proposed program notably accelerates the identification of columnar mesophases together with thein situdetermination of their structural parameters such as mesophase type, space group, cell parameters, cross-section area, intermolecular stacking distance between consecutive discoids and, in the case of ordered mesophases, the estimation of the number of molecules constituting each discoid.
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8
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Toth K, Molloy JK, Matta M, Heinrich B, Guillon D, Bergamini G, Zerbetto F, Donnio B, Ceroni P, Felder-Flesch D. A Strongly Emitting Liquid-Crystalline Derivative of Y3N@C80: Bright and Long-Lived Near-IR Luminescence from a Charge Transfer State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Toth K, Molloy JK, Matta M, Heinrich B, Guillon D, Bergamini G, Zerbetto F, Donnio B, Ceroni P, Felder-Flesch D. A strongly emitting liquid-crystalline derivative of Y(3)N@C(80): bright and long-lived near-IR luminescence from a charge transfer state. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12303-7. [PMID: 24123466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Great balls of fire: C60 and Y3 N@C80 were connected to the same oligo(phenyleneethynylene) unit to investigate their structural and photophysical properties. NMR investigations revealed a fulleroid structure for the Y3 N@C80 derivative, and both dyads gave rise to columnar phases with core-shell cylinders. The black and gray spheres represent the fullerene core units of the Y3 N@C80 derivative, which is an ideal candidate to be involved in energy and electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalman Toth
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS UdS 7504, 23 rue du loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
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10
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Kaźmierska A, Gryl M, Stadnicka K, Eilmes J. New tetraaza[14]annulene receptors derived from 2,3-diaminonaphthalene: synthesis and crystal structures. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.766736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kaźmierska
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
| | - Marlena Gryl
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stadnicka
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
| | - Julita Eilmes
- a Department of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Kraków , 30-060 , Poland
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11
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Domínguez C, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Coco S, Espinet P. Room-Temperature Columnar Mesophases in Triazine-Gold Thiolate Metal-Organic Supramolecular Aggregates. Chemistry 2013; 19:5988-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Lu S, Li S, Yu J, Yuan Z, Qi B. Epoxy nanocomposites filled with thermotropic liquid crystalline epoxy grafted graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Grolik J, Dudek Ł, Eilmes J. Tuning the mesomorphic properties of liquid-crystalline dibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes — discotic nematic phases of tetraalkoxy-substituted derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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