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Matulja D, Kolympadi Markovic M, Ambrožić G, Laclef S, Pavelić SK, Marković D. Secondary Metabolites from Gorgonian Corals of the Genus Eunicella: Structural Characterizations, Biological Activities, and Synthetic Approaches. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010129. [PMID: 31905691 PMCID: PMC6983218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gorgonian corals, which belong to the genus Eunicella, are known as natural sources of diverse compounds with unique structural characteristics and interesting bioactivities both in vitro and in vivo. This review is focused primarily on the secondary metabolites isolated from various Eunicella species. The chemical structures of 64 compounds were divided into three main groups and comprehensively presented: a) terpenoids, b) sterols, and c) alkaloids and nucleosides. The observed biological activities of depicted metabolites with an impact on cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were reviewed. The most promising biological activities of certain metabolites point to potential candidates for further development in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries, and are highlighted. Total synthesis or the synthetic approaches towards the desired skeletons or natural products are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Matulja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Maria Kolympadi Markovic
- Department of Physics and Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.K.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriela Ambrožić
- Department of Physics and Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.K.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Sylvain Laclef
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) UMR CNRS 7378—Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, FR-80039 Amiens CEDEX, France;
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (D.M.); Tel.: +385-51-584-550 (S.K.P.); +385-51-584-816 (D.M.)
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (D.M.); Tel.: +385-51-584-550 (S.K.P.); +385-51-584-816 (D.M.)
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Buchanan GS, Cole KP, Tang Y, Hsung RP. Total synthesis of (±)-phomactin A. Lessons learned from respecting a challenging structural topology. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7027-39. [PMID: 21819039 PMCID: PMC3163054 DOI: 10.1021/jo200936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our struggles and ultimate success in achieving a total synthesis of phomactin A are described. Our strategy features an intramolecular oxa-[3 + 3] annulation to construct its unique ABD-tricyclic manifold. Although the synthesis would constitute a distinctly new approach with the 12-membered D-ring of phomactin A being assembled simultaneously with the 1-oxadecalin at an early stage, the ABD-tricycle represents a unique structural topology that would pose a number of unprecedented challenges. One challenge concerned elaborating this tricycle to have oxygenation at the proper carbon atoms. To overcome this, we would utilize a Kornblum-DeLaMare ring-opening of a peroxide bridge as well as a challenging late-stage 1,3-allylic alcohol transposition. Further, the structural intricacies of the ABD-tricycle were uncovered by a conformational analysis that would be critical for the C5a-homologation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S. Buchanan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Kevin P. Cole
- Chemical Product R&D, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46284
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Richard P. Hsung
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
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Abstract
The fully substituted hydroisobenzofuran core of the massileunicellins containing 8 contiguous stereocenters was prepared in 12 steps from (S)-(+)-carvone. Noteworthy elements of the synthesis include a one-step oxidative rearrangement/epoxidation, a novel stereoselective directed reduction of a keto diol, and a directed hydrogenation of a congested tetrasubstituted alkene.
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Schöttner E, Wiechoczek M, Jones PG, Lindel T. Enantiospecific synthesis of the cubitane skeleton. Org Lett 2010; 12:784-7. [PMID: 20085310 DOI: 10.1021/ol902854t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fully substituted 12-membered macrocycle of the cubitane-type diterpenoids has been assembled in an enantioselective manner following a novel "bridge-and-cut" strategy. Hydroxyalkylation of (S)-carvone afforded a carvonylgeraniol, which underwent transannular cyclization on treatment with samarium diiodide in THF. Fragmentation of one of the shorter bridges of the resulting [8.2.2]bicycle liberated the 12-membered ring with the desired cis-arrangement of the isopropenyl side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schöttner
- TU Braunschweig, Institutes of Organic, Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Ellis JM, Crimmins MT. Strategies for the total synthesis of C2-C11 cyclized cembranoids. Chem Rev 2009; 108:5278-98. [PMID: 18942794 DOI: 10.1021/cr078117u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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Bateman TD, Joshi AL, Moon K, Galitovskaya EN, Upreti M, Chambers TC, McIntosh MC. Synthesis and anticancer activity of sclerophytin-inspired hydroisobenzofurans. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6898-901. [PMID: 19896844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three structurally related sets of hydroisobenzofuran analogs of sclerophytin A were prepared in three or four steps from (S)-(+)-carvone via an aldol-cycloaldol sequence. The most potent members of each set of analogs exhibited IC(50)'s of 1-3 microM in growth inhibitory assays against KB3 cells. The NCI 60-cell line 5-dose assay for analog 6h revealed a GI(50)=0.148 microM and LC(50)=9.36 microM for the RPMI-8226 leukemia cell line, and a GI(50)=0.552 microM and LC(50)=26.8 microM for the HOP-92 non-small cell lung cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- T David Bateman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 119 Chemistry Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Abstract
A total synthesis of (+/-)-phomactin A is described to highlight the final completion of a complex natural product target that had commenced with an intramolecular oxa-[3 + 3] annulation strategy in the construction of the ABD-tricycle. These efforts reveal structural intricacies of this ABD-tricycle with an illustrative example being the conformational analysis that was ultimately critical for the C5a-homolgation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Kevin P. Cole
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Grant S. Buchanan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Gang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Richard P. Hsung
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
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Loughlin WA, Jenkins ID, Henderson LC, Campitelli MR, Healy PC. Total Synthesis of (±)-Hyphodermins A and D. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3435-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800227p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A. Loughlin
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia, and Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Ian D. Jenkins
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia, and Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia, and Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Marc R. Campitelli
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia, and Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Peter C. Healy
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia, and Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Hutchison JM, Lindsay HA, Dormi SS, Jones GD, Vicic DA, McIntosh MC. Approach to the synthesis of cladiell-11-ene-3,6,7-triol. Org Lett 2007; 8:3663-5. [PMID: 16898786 DOI: 10.1021/ol061072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The synthesis of an advanced intermediate in the synthesis of the title compound has been achieved. Key steps include an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement to install the C7 tertiary alcohol stereocenter, an SN2' reaction of an alkoxymethyl Cu reagent, and a diastereoselective Re-catalyzed allylic alcohol transposition.
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Helliwell M, Fengas D, Knight CK, Parker J, Quayle P, Raftery J, Richards SN. Bifurcate, tandem ATRC reactions: towards 2-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane core of eunicellins. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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