1
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A comparative study of the catalytic activity of Mn-porphyrins anchored onto magnetic nanoparticles: a clue to the effect of linker length. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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2
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Rheology and Gelation of Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan Coacervates. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121817. [PMID: 36551245 PMCID: PMC9775361 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CHI) are biopolyelectrolytes which are interesting for both the medical and polymer physics communities due to their biocompatibility and semi-flexibility, respectively. In this work, we demonstrate by rheology experiments that the linear viscoelasticity of HA/CHI coacervates depends strongly on the molecular weight of the polymers. Moduli for coacervates were found significantly higher than those of individual HA and CHI physical gels. A remarkable 1.5-fold increase in moduli was noted when catechol-conjugated HA and CHI were used instead. This was attributed to the conversion of coacervates to chemical gels by oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) groups in HA and CHI to di-DOPA crosslinks. These rheological results put HA/CHI coacervates in the category of strong candidates as injectable tissue scaffolds or medical adhesives.
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3
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Krüger JM, Choi CY, Lossada F, Wang P, Löschke O, Auhl D, Börner HG. Broadening the Chemical Space of Mussel-Inspired Polymerization: The Roll-out of a TCC-Polymer Platform with Thiol–Catechol Connectivities. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. Krüger
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ching-Yi Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Löschke
- Department of Polymer Materials and Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Auhl
- Department of Polymer Materials and Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Samyn P. A platform for functionalization of cellulose, chitin/chitosan, alginate with polydopamine: A review on fundamentals and technical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:71-93. [PMID: 33609581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nature provides concepts and materials with interesting functionalities to be implemented in innovative and sustainable materials. In this review, it is illustrated how the combination of biological macromolecules, i.e. polydopamine and polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin/chitosan, alginate), enables to create functional materials with controlled properties. The mussel-adhesive properties rely on the secretion of proteins having 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine amino acid with catechol groups. Fundamental understanding on the biological functionality and interaction mechanisms of dopamine in the mussel foot plaque is presented in parallel with the development of synthetic analogues through extraction or chemical polymer synthesis. Subsequently, modification of cellulose, chitin/chitosan or alginate and their nanoscale structures with polydopamine is discussed for various technical applications, including bio- and nanocomposites, films, filtration or medical membranes, adhesives, aerogels, or hydrogels. The presence of polydopamine stretches far beyond surface adhesive properties, as it can be used as an intermediate to provide additional performance of hydrophobicity, self-healing, antimicrobial, photocatalytic, sensoric, adsorption, biocompatibility, conductivity, coloring or mechanical properties. The dopamine-based 'green' chemistry can be extended towards generalized catechol chemistry for modification of polysaccharides with tannic acid, caffeic acid or laccase-mediated catechol functionalization. Therefore, the modification of polysaccharides with polydopamine or catechol analogues provides a general platform for sustainable material functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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5
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Catechol-modified poly(oxazoline)s with tunable degradability facilitate cell invasion and lateral cartilage integration. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Kohn JM, Riedel J, Horsch J, Stephanowitz H, Börner HG. Mussel‐Inspired Polymerization of Peptides: The Chemical Activation Route as Key to Broaden the Sequential Space of Artificial Mussel‐Glue Proteins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900431. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. Kohn
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional SystemsDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Jerome Riedel
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional SystemsDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Justus Horsch
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional SystemsDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Heike Stephanowitz
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology Robert‐Rössle‐Straße 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional SystemsDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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7
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Budisa N, Schneider T. Expanding the DOPA Universe with Genetically Encoded, Mussel-Inspired Bioadhesives for Material Sciences and Medicine. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2163-2190. [PMID: 30830997 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Catechols are a biologically relevant group of aromatic diols that have attracted much attention as mediators of adhesion of "bio-glue" proteins in mussels of the genus Mytilus. These organisms use catechols in the form of the noncanonical amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as a building block for adhesion proteins. The DOPA is generated post-translationally from tyrosine. Herein, we review the properties, natural occurrence, and reactivity of catechols in the design of bioinspired materials. We also provide a basic description of the mussel's attachment apparatus, the interplay between its different molecules that play a crucial role in adhesion, and the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these proteins. Our focus is on the microbial production of mussel foot proteins with the aid of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) and the use of genetic code engineering to solve some fundamental problems in the bioproduction of these bioadhesives and to expand their chemical space. The major limitation of bacterial expression systems is their intrinsic inability to introduce PTMs. OTSs have the potential to overcome these challenges by replacing canonical amino acids with noncanonical ones. In this way, PTM steps are circumvented while the genetically programmed precision of protein sequences is preserved. In addition, OTSs should enable spatiotemporal control over the complex adhesion process, because the catechol function can be masked by suitable chemical protection. Such caged residues can then be noninvasively unmasked by, for example, UV irradiation or thermal treatment. All of these features make OTSs based on genetic code engineering in reprogrammed microbial strains new and promising tools in bioinspired materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin, 10623, Germany.,Chair of Chemical Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin, 10623, Germany
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8
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Yu M, Li X, Huang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang H. New Cell-Penetrating Peptide (KRP) with Multiple Physicochemical Properties Endows Doxorubicin with Tumor Targeting and Improves Its Therapeutic Index. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2448-2458. [PMID: 30576099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are considered as promising drug carriers by virtue of their potent cell-penetrating capacity. However, lack of targetability still represents a bottleneck for their systemic administration. Here, we synthesized a lysine-rich CPP named KRP and developed a tumor-targeted drug delivery system (DDS) by linking KRP and doxorubicin (DOX) with stable covalent bonds (thioether bond and amide bond). Through in vitro and in vivo tests, we confirmed that the multiple physicochemical properties of KRP endow KRP-DOX with multiple synergistic functions, including good biocompatibility and biodistribution, selective accumulation in tumor tissues, inclination to remain in tumor tissues and be internalized by tumor cells; stable covalent bonds prevent free DOX release from KRP-DOX in blood stream, shield normal tissues from the toxic effect of DOX, and lead to the majority of DOX delivery into tumor cells by KRP; lysosome escape of KRP-DOX ensures its tumor-killing effect. In addition, the simple chemical composition and modification reduce the risk of immunogenicity and metabolite toxicity. Our study provides a simple, safe, and efficient platform for tumor-targeted DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , SunYat-sen University , Guangzhou 510055 , China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , SunYat-sen University , Guangzhou 510055 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , SunYat-sen University , Guangzhou 510055 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , SunYat-sen University , Guangzhou 510055 , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , SunYat-sen University , Guangzhou 510055 , China
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9
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Kohri M, Yamazaki S, Irie S, Teramoto N, Taniguchi T, Kishikawa K. Adhesion Control of Branched Catecholic Polymers by Acid Stimulation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16626-16632. [PMID: 31458294 PMCID: PMC6643484 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic material design is a useful method for producing new functional materials. In recent years, catecholic polymers inspired from the adhesion mechanism of marine organisms have attracted attention. Here, we demonstrated the preparation of catecholic polymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of an acetonide-protected catecholic monomer, that is, N-(2-(2,2-dimethylbenzo-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-acrylamide (DDEA). By selecting the specific RAFT reagents, well-defined branched PDDEA and linear PDDEA were obtained. These PDDEA samples showed stronger adhesion strength after deprotection by acid stimulation compared with that before deprotection. In addition, we demonstrated the adhesion control of synthetic polymers by photoirradiation in the presence of photoacid generators, which decompose under light and release an acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Kohri
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Yamazaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Saki Irie
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Naozumi Teramoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Taniguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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10
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Zhang H, Zhao T, Newland B, Liu W, Wang W, Wang W. Catechol functionalized hyperbranched polymers as biomedical materials. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Kord Forooshani P, Lee BP. Recent approaches in designing bioadhesive materials inspired by mussel adhesive protein. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2017; 55:9-33. [PMID: 27917020 PMCID: PMC5132118 DOI: 10.1002/pola.28368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Marine mussels secret protein-based adhesives, which enable them to anchor to various surfaces in a saline, intertidal zone. Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) contain a large abundance of a unique, catecholic amino acid, Dopa, in their protein sequences. Catechol offers robust and durable adhesion to various substrate surfaces and contributes to the curing of the adhesive plaques. In this article, we review the unique features and the key functionalities of Mfps, catechol chemistry, and strategies for preparing catechol-functionalized polymers. Specifically, we reviewed recent findings on the contributions of various features of Mfps on interfacial binding, which include coacervate formation, surface drying properties, control of the oxidation state of catechol, among other features. We also summarized recent developments in designing advanced biomimetic materials including coacervate-forming adhesives, mechanically improved nano- and micro-composite adhesive hydrogels, as well as smart and self-healing materials. Finally, we review the applications of catechol-functionalized materials for the use as biomedical adhesives, therapeutic applications, and antifouling coatings. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 9-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichigan49931
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichigan49931
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12
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GhavamiNejad A, Park CH, Kim CS. In Situ Synthesis of Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles within Antifouling Zwitterionic Hydrogels by Catecholic Redox Chemistry for Wound Healing Application. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1213-23. [PMID: 26891456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional hydrogel that combines the dual functionality of both antifouling and antimicrobial capacities holds great potential for many bioapplications. Many approaches and different materials have been employed to synthesize such a material. However, a systematic study, including in vitro and in vivo evaluation, on such a material as wound dressings is highly scarce at present. Herein, we report on a new strategy that uses catecholic chemistry to synthesize antimicrobial silver nanoparticles impregnated into antifouling zwitterionic hydrogels. For this purpose, hydrophobic dopamine methacrylamide monomer (DMA) was mixed in an aqueous solution of sodium tetraborate decahydrate and DMA monomer became soluble after increasing pH to 9 due to the complexation between catechol groups and boron. Then, cross-linking polymerization of zwitterionic monomer was carried out with the solution of the protected dopamine monomer to produce a new hydrogel. When this new hydrogel comes in contact with a silver nitrate solution, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are formed in its structure as a result of the redox property of the catechol groups and in the absence of any other external reducing agent. The results obtained from TEM and XRD measurements indicate that AgNPs with diameters of around 20 nm had formed within the networks. FESEM images confirmed that the silver nanoparticles were homogeneously incorporated throughout the hydrogel network, and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that the catechol moiety in the polymeric backbone of the hydrogel is responsible for the reduction of silver ions into the AgNPs. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that these mussel-inspired, antifouling, antibacterial hydrogels have great potential for use in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin GhavamiNejad
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School and ‡Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School and ‡Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School and ‡Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhou J, Defante AP, Lin F, Xu Y, Yu J, Gao Y, Childers E, Dhinojwala A, Becker ML. Adhesion Properties of Catechol-Based Biodegradable Amino Acid-Based Poly(ester urea) Copolymers Inspired from Mussel Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:266-74. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Zhou
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Adrian P. Defante
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Fei Lin
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ying Xu
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jiayi Yu
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yaohua Gao
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Erin Childers
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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14
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Isakova A, Topham PD, Sutherland AJ. Controlled RAFT Polymerization and Zinc Binding Performance of Catechol-Inspired Homopolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500336u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Isakova
- Chemical Engineering and
Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Chemical Engineering and
Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Andrew J. Sutherland
- Chemical Engineering and
Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
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15
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Botta G, Delfino M, Guazzaroni M, Crestini C, Onofri S, Saladino R. Selective Synthesis of DOPA and DOPA Peptides by Native and Immobilized Tyrosinase in Organic Solvent. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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17
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Wilms VS, Bauer H, Tonhauser C, Schilmann AM, Müller MC, Tremel W, Frey H. Catechol-Initiated Polyethers: Multifunctional Hydrophilic Ligands for PEGylation and Functionalization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2012; 14:193-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3015889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S. Wilms
- Graduate School “Materials Science in Mainz”, Staudingerweg
9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christine Tonhauser
- Graduate School “Materials Science in Mainz”, Staudingerweg
9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Liu Z, Hu BH, Messersmith PB. Acetonide Protection of Dopamine for the Synthesis of Highly Pure N-docosahexaenoyldopamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:2403-2405. [PMID: 20543896 PMCID: PMC2882309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Direct acetonide protection of the catechol of dopamine has proven to be problematic due to formation of Pictet-Spengler isoquinolines. Here we report an efficient method for acetonide protection of dopamine, allowing preparation of a dopamine prodrug without complications from the Pictet-Spengler reaction. Acetonide-protected dopamine was first synthesized by pre-protecting the amino group with phthaloyl followed by refluxing with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in the presence of TsOH. Further work demonstrated that Fmoc or trifluoroacetyl were also suitable N-protective groups, while Boc-protected dopamine gave an isoquinoline product. Acetonide-protected dopamine was coupled to DHA (all cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid) to produce the N-DHA-dopamine prodrug in high purity.
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19
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Bernini R, Barontini M, Crisante F, Ginnasi MC, Saladino R. A novel and efficient synthesis of DOPA and DOPA peptides by oxidation of tyrosine residues with IBX. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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