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Monga J, Ghosh NS, Rani I, Singh R, Deswal G, Dhingra AK, Grewal AS. Unlocking the Pharmacological Potential of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Pathway to Drug Development. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:437-485. [PMID: 38311918 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266283641240109080047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Heterocyclic molecules have fascinated a massive interest in medicinal chemistry. They are heterocyclic compounds that have gained significance due to their diverse variety of pharmacological activities. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic compound consisting of benzene and imidazole rings. The ease of synthesis and the structural versatility of benzimidazole make it a promising scaffold for drug development. Many biological actions of benzimidazole derivatives have been well documented, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, and anthelmintic properties. The mechanism of action of benzimidazole derivatives varies with their chemical structure and target enzyme. This review has explored numerous methods for producing benzimidazole derivatives as well as a broad range of pharmacological activities. SAR investigations are also discussed in this review as they provide crucial details regarding the essential structural qualities that benzimidazole derivatives must have in order to be biologically active, which could aid in the rational design of new drug candidates. Benzimidazole scaffold is an exclusive structure in drug design and discovery. Many new pharmaceutical drugs containing benzimidazole are anticipated to be available within the next ten years as a result of the extensive therapeutic applications of benzimidazole and its derivatives. This review inspired many researchers to develop more biologically active compounds bearing benzimidazole, expanding the scope of finding a remedy for other diseases. From this study, we concluded that 2-substituted benzimidazole was considered more extensively by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Monga
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | - Niladry S Ghosh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Spurthy College of Pharmacy, Marasur Gate, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geeta Deswal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ajmer S Grewal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
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Chung NT, Dung VC, Duc DX. Recent achievements in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32734-32771. [PMID: 37942457 PMCID: PMC10628531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds in which a benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of an imidazole ring. Benzimidazole refers to the parent compound, while benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds having similar ring structures, but different substituents. Benzimidazole derivatives possess a wide range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiviral, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. Many compounds possessing a benzimidazole skeleton have been employed as drugs in the market. The application of benzimidazoles in other fields has also been documented. The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has attracted much attention from chemists and numerous articles on the synthesis of this class of heterocyclic compound have been reported over the years. The condensation between 1,2-benzenediamine and aldehydes has received intensive interest, while many novel methods have been developed. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of studies on the synthesis of benzimidazole, which date back to 2013. We have also tried to describe reaction mechanisms as much as we can. The work might be useful for chemists who work in the synthesis of heterocycles or drug chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Vo Cong Dung
- Centre for Education Accreditation, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
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Patel M, Avashthi G, Gacem A, Alqahtani MS, Park HK, Jeon BH. A Review of Approaches to the Metallic and Non-Metallic Synthesis of Benzimidazole (BnZ) and Their Derivatives for Biological Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:5490. [PMID: 37513362 PMCID: PMC10384041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are significant lead drug candidates based on their various structure-activity relationships (SAR), and their use in pharmaceutics is constantly developing. Benzimidazole (BnZ) is synthesized by a condensation reaction between benzene and imidazole. The BnZ structure consists of two nitrogen atoms embedded in a five-membered imide ring which is fused with a benzene ring. This review examines the conventional and green synthesis of metallic and non-metallic BnZ and their derivatives, which have several potential SARs, along with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, and anti-protozoal properties. These compounds have been proven by pharmacological investigations to be efficient against different strains of microbes. Therefore, in this review, the structural variations of BnZ are listed along with various applications, predominantly related to their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Patel
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopal Avashthi
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955 Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Bioimaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Bie F, Yao Y, Cao H, Shi Y, Yan P, Ma J, Han Y, Liu X. Convenient synthesis of N-1-alkyl benzimidazoles via Pd catalyzed C–N bond formation and cyclization. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1939056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Bie
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Yao
- Zaozhuang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Han Cao
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yan
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Engineering and Technology Institute of LuNan Coal Chemical Engineering, ZaoZhuang University, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
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Cao H, Bie FS, Liu XJ, Han Y, Ma J, Shi YJ, Yan P, Sun CY, Wang HM. Novel synthesis of 1-substituted-4-imidazolecarboxylates via solvent-free cycloaddition reaction between formamidines and isocyanides. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Faheem M, Rathaur A, Pandey A, Kumar Singh V, Tiwari AK. A Review on the Modern Synthetic Approach of Benzimidazole Candidate. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Faheem
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Anjali Rathaur
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Apoorva Pandey
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Anjani K. Tiwari
- Department of ChemistryBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
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Computational study on the catalyst-controlled synthesis of C2-substituted quinolines through the annulation of 2-vinylanilines and alkynoates. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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