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Fabunmi OA, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB. High-fat diet promotes coagulation and endothelial activation in Sprague Dawley rats: Short-term effects of combined oral contraceptives. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024; 36:60-70. [PMID: 37949735 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), use in individuals are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. This highlights the significance of assessing the impact of COC on promoting coagulation and endothelial activation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS Twenty (20) five-weeks-old female Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 150 and 200g were subjected to both LFD and HFD-feeding for 8-weeks to determine its influence on basic metabolic status, hemostatic profile, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), as well as selected biomarkers of coagulation (tissue factor and D-dimer) and endothelial activation (Von Willebrand factor and nitric oxide). Thereafter HFD-fed animals were treated with receive high dose combined oral contraceptive (HCOC) and low dose combine oral contraceptive (LCOC) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Our results showed that beyond weight gain, HFD-feeding was associated with hyperglycemia, increased mean arterial pressure, and reduced nitric oxide levels when compared with LFD group (p<0.05). Interestingly, treatment with high dose of COC for 6-weeks did not significantly alter atherothrombotic markers (p>0.05). However, this study is not without limitation as regulation of these markers remains to be confirmed within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals. CONCLUSION HFD-feeding orchestrate the concomitant release of pro-coagulants and endothelial activation markers in rats leading to haemostatic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. Short-term treatment with COC shows no detrimental effects in these HFD-fed rats. Although in terms of clinical relevance, our findings depict the notion that the risk of CVD in association with COC may depend on the dosage and duration of use among other factors especially in certain conditions. However, additional studies are required to confirm these findings, especially long-term effects of this treatment within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals in certain conditions relating to postmenopausal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyesanmi A Fabunmi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 5363, Nigeria
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Heuvelings DJI, Wintjens AGWE, Jongen ACHM, Gielen MJCAM, Lenaerts K, Fransen PPKH, Gijbels MJ, van Almen GC, Dankers PYW, de Hingh IHJT, Bouvy ND. Evaluation of the Effect of an Intraperitoneal Cytostatic-Loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel on Intestinal Anastomotic Healing in an Animal Model. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2076. [PMID: 37895458 PMCID: PMC10608244 DOI: 10.3390/life13102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastases is very poor. Intraperitoneal drug delivery systems, like supramolecular hydrogels, are being developed to improve local delivery and intraperitoneal residence time of a cytostatic such as mitomycin C (MMC). In this study, we evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal hydrogel administration on anastomotic healing. Forty-two healthy Wistar rats received a colonic end-to-end anastomosis, after which 6 animals received an intraperitoneal injection with saline, 18 with unloaded hydrogel and 18 with MMC-loaded hydrogel. After 7 days, animals were euthanized, and the anastomotic adhesion and leakage score were measured as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were bursting pressure, histological anastomosis evaluation and body weight changes. Twenty-two rats completed the follow-up period (saline: n = 6, unloaded hydrogel: n = 10, MMC-loaded hydrogel: n = 6) and were included in the analysis. A trend towards significance was found for anastomotic leakage score between the rats receiving saline and unloaded hydrogel after multiple-comparison correction (p = 0.020, α = 0.0167). No significant differences were found for all other outcomes. The main reason for drop-out in this study was intestinal blood loss. Although the preliminary results suggest that MMC-loaded or unloaded hydrogel does not influence anastomotic healing, the intestinal blood loss observed in a considerable number of animals receiving unloaded and MMC-loaded hydrogel implies that the injection of the hydrogel under the studied conditions is not safe in the current rodent model and warrants further optimalisation of the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique J. I. Heuvelings
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne G. W. E. Wintjens
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurits J. C. A. M. Gielen
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion J. Gijbels
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ignace H. J. T. de Hingh
- Department of General Surgery, Catharina Ziekenhuis, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole D. Bouvy
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Filonova MV, Fedorova EP, Churin AA, Kotlovskaya LY, Kotlovskii MY, Fedorova PO, Udut VV. Effect of Paclitaxel on the Hemostatic Potential of the Blood in the Experiment. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:463-467. [PMID: 37770784 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The duration and severity of prothrombotic effects of the maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel (40 mg/kg) were evaluated in intact outbred mice. Hemostasis was assessed before and on days 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 30 after a single injection of paclitaxel using standard coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, and antithrombin III) and a "global" method, low-frequency piezothromboelastography. A pronounced prothrombotic effect of paclitaxel was revealed starting from the first day postinjection that consisted in intensification of fibrinogenesis up to the 7th day in parallel with activation of the anticoagulant mechanisms. On days 7-30 after paclitaxel administration, decompensation of its anticoagulant activity due to paclitaxel-induced damage to the endothelium was observed with the formation of a procoagulant status of the hemostatic potential of the blood. A single administration of the maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel forms a powerful thrombogenic stimulus during the first week and provides a long-term/trace procoagulant shift in the hemostasis system (days 10-30).
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Filonova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - E P Fedorova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Churin
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L Yu Kotlovskaya
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M Yu Kotlovskii
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Federal Research Institute of Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - P O Fedorova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Udut
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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Mourão CF, Lowenstein A, Mello-Machado RC, Ghanaati S, Pinto N, Kawase T, Alves GG, Messora MR. Standardization of Animal Models and Techniques for Platelet-Rich Fibrin Production: A Narrative Review and Guideline. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:482. [PMID: 37106669 PMCID: PMC10135737 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental research is critical for advancing medical knowledge and enhancing patient outcomes, including in vitro and in vivo preclinical assessments. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a blood by-product that has garnered attention in the medical and dental fields due to its potential for tissue regeneration and wound healing. Animal models, such as rabbits and rats, have been used to produce PRF and examine its properties and applications. PRF has demonstrated potential in the dental and medical fields for reducing inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and accelerating wound healing. This narrative review aims to compare existing evidence and provide guidelines for PRF animal research, emphasizing the importance of standardizing animal models, following ethical considerations, and maintaining transparency and accountability. The authors highlight the necessity to use the correct relative centrifugal force (RCF), standardize centrifugal calibration, and report detailed information about blood collection and centrifuge parameters for reproducible results. Standardizing animal models and techniques is crucial for narrowing the gap between laboratory research and clinical applications, ultimately enhancing the translation of findings from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Mourão
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Dental Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Adam Lowenstein
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Dental Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Nelson Pinto
- Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, University of the Andes, Santiago 12455, Chile
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Clinical Research Unit, Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, Brazil
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5
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Taha A, Bobi J, Dammers R, Dijkhuizen RM, Dreyer AY, van Es ACGM, Ferrara F, Gounis MJ, Nitzsche B, Platt S, Stoffel MH, Volovici V, Del Zoppo GJ, Duncker DJ, Dippel DWJ, Boltze J, van Beusekom HMM. Comparison of Large Animal Models for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Which Model to Use? Stroke 2022; 53:1411-1422. [PMID: 35164533 PMCID: PMC10962757 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.036050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Translation of acute ischemic stroke research to the clinical setting remains limited over the last few decades with only one drug, recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, successfully completing the path from experimental study to clinical practice. To improve the selection of experimental treatments before testing in clinical studies, the use of large gyrencephalic animal models of acute ischemic stroke has been recommended. Currently, these models include, among others, dogs, swine, sheep, and nonhuman primates that closely emulate aspects of the human setting of brain ischemia and reperfusion. Species-specific characteristics, such as the cerebrovascular architecture or pathophysiology of thrombotic/ischemic processes, significantly influence the suitability of a model to address specific research questions. In this article, we review key characteristics of the main large animal models used in translational studies of acute ischemic stroke, regarding (1) anatomy and physiology of the cerebral vasculature, including brain morphology, coagulation characteristics, and immune function; (2) ischemic stroke modeling, including vessel occlusion approaches, reproducibility of infarct size, procedural complications, and functional outcome assessment; and (3) implementation aspects, including ethics, logistics, and costs. This review specifically aims to facilitate the selection of the appropriate large animal model for studies on acute ischemic stroke, based on specific research questions and large animal model characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin Taha
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology (A.T., J.B., D.J.D., H.M.M.v.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center (A.T., D.W.J.D.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joaquim Bobi
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology (A.T., J.B., D.J.D., H.M.M.v.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Dammers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke Center (R.D., V.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (R.M.D.)
| | - Antje Y Dreyer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany (A.Y.D.)
| | - Adriaan C G M van Es
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.C.G.M.v.E.)
| | - Fabienne Ferrara
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.F.)
| | - Matthew J Gounis
- Department of Radiology, New England Center for Stroke Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (M.J.G.)
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (B.N.), University of Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (B.N.), University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens (S.P.)
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland (M.H.S.)
| | - Victor Volovici
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke Center (R.D., V.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory J Del Zoppo
- Division of Hematology (G.J.d.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Department of Medicine (G.J.d.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Department of Neurology (G.J.d.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology (A.T., J.B., D.J.D., H.M.M.v.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik W J Dippel
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center (A.T., D.W.J.D.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom (J.B.)
| | - Heleen M M van Beusekom
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology (A.T., J.B., D.J.D., H.M.M.v.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Bumbaca Yadav D, Reyes AE, Gupta P, Vernes JM, Meng YG, Schweiger MG, Stainton SL, Fuh G, Fielder PJ, Kamath AV, Shen BQ. Complex formation of anti-VEGF-C with VEGF-C released during blood coagulation resulted in an artifact in its serum pharmacokinetics. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 8:e00573. [PMID: 32125783 PMCID: PMC7053556 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A phage‐derived human monoclonal antibody against VEGF‐C was developed as a potential anti‐tumor therapeutic and exhibited fast clearance in preclinical species, with notably faster clearance in serum than in plasma. The purpose of this work was to understand the factors contributing to its fast clearance. In vitro incubations in animal and human blood, plasma, and serum were conducted with radiolabeled anti‐VEGF‐C to determine potential protein and cell‐based interactions with the antibody as well as any matrix‐dependent recovery dependent upon the matrix. A tissue distribution study was conducted in mice with and without heparin infusion in order to identify a tissue sink and determine whether heparin could affect antibody recovery from serum and/or plasma. Incubation of radiolabeled anti‐VEGF‐C in human and animal blood, plasma, or serum revealed that the antibody formed a complex with an endogenous protein, likely VEGF‐C. This complex was trapped within the blood clot during serum preparation from blood, but not within the blood cell pellet during plasma preparation. Low level heparin infusion in mice slowed down clot formation during serum preparation and allowed for better recovery of the radiolabeled antibody in serum. No tissue sink was found in mice. Thus, during this characterization, we determined that the blood sampling matrix greatly impacted the amount of antibody recovered in the samples, therefore, altering its derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Target biology should be considered when selecting appropriate sampling matrices for PK analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bumbaca Yadav
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur E Reyes
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Vernes
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Gloria Meng
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shannon L Stainton
- Safety Assessment Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Germaine Fuh
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Fielder
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amrita V Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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The effects of human prothrombin complex concentrate on hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury in rats: Implications for testing human blood products in rodents. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 89:1068-1075. [PMID: 32697449 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock (HS) and trauma can result in an endotheliopathy of trauma, characterized by endothelial compromise, inflammation, and aberrant coagulation. Kcentra, a prothrombin concentrate, has been demonstrated to mitigate pulmonary vascular leak in a murine model of HS. We investigated the effects of Kcentra in a rat model of HS, to achieve physiologic endpoints of relevance. METHODS Rats subjected to a grade intravenous splenic injury and controlled hemorrhage for 60 minutes were resuscitated with shed volumes of (1) Lactated Ringer's (LR) solution, (2) LR + 20 IU/kg Kcentra, (3) LR + 50 IU/kg Kcentra, (4) rat fresh frozen plasma (RFFP), or (5) human fresh frozen plasma (HFFP). Blood was harvested for monitoring metabolic and coagulation function. Rat lungs were evaluated for lung injury and permeability. RESULTS Animals resuscitated with LR displayed a significant increase in pulmonary vascular permeability (sham, 407.9 ± 122.4; shock + LR, 2040 ± 1462). Resuscitation with RFFP (606.5 ± 169.3) reduced leak; however, treatment with Kcentra (HS + Kcentra [20 IU/kg]: 1792 ± 903.4, HS + Kcentra [50 IU/kg]: 1876 ± 1103), and HFFP (1450 ± 533.2) had no significant effect on permeability. Kcentra modestly altered clotting parameters. Metabolic measures, such as lactate, pH, and base deficit, were restored to baseline levels by both RFFP and HFFP, but not Kcentra or LR. CONCLUSION Kcentra did not alter pulmonary vascular permeability, but modestly increased clotting potential in injured rats. This suggests that there may be a xenogenic reaction of human products in rats and that the effects of Kcentra on vascular stability may be distinct from its ability to modulate clotting. Our data indicate that the species chosen and utilized for in vivo preclinical testing of human derived blood products is of critical importance in determining their efficacy in animal models and is the primary impetus to communicate these results.
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Zbinden JC, Blum KM, Berman AG, Ramachandra AB, Szafron JM, Kerr KE, Anderson JL, Sangha GS, Earl CC, Nigh NR, Mirhaidari GJM, Reinhardt JW, Chang Y, Yi T, Smalley R, Gabriele PD, Harris JJ, Humphrey JD, Goergen CJ, Breuer CK. Effects of Braiding Parameters on Tissue Engineered Vascular Graft Development. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001093. [PMID: 33063452 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) using scaffolds fabricated from braided poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fibers coated with poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) are developed. The approach relies on in vivo tissue engineering by which neotissue forms solely within the body after a scaffold has been implanted. Herein, the impact of altering scaffold braid design and scaffold coating on neotissue formation is investigated. Several combinations of braiding parameters are manufactured and evaluated in a Beige mouse model in the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Animals are followed with 4D ultrasound analysis, and 12 week explanted vessels are evaluated for biaxial mechanical properties as well as histological composition. Results show that scaffold parameters (i.e., braiding angle, braiding density, and presence of a PGS coating) have interdependent effects on the resulting graft performance, namely, alteration of these parameters influences levels of inflammation, extracellular matrix production, graft dilation, neovessel distensibility, and overall survival. Coupling carefully designed in vivo experimentation with regression analysis, critical relationships between the scaffold design and the resulting neotissue that enable induction of favorable cellular and extracellular composition in a controlled manner are uncovered. Such an approach provides a potential for fabricating scaffolds with a broad range of features and the potential to manufacture optimized TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Zbinden
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abagail Wexner Research Institute 575 Children's Crossroad Columbus OH 43215 USA
| | - Kevin M. Blum
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abagail Wexner Research Institute 575 Children's Crossroad Columbus OH 43215 USA
| | - Alycia G. Berman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Abhay B. Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University 55 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Jason M. Szafron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University 55 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Katherine E. Kerr
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Anderson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Gurneet S. Sangha
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Conner C. Earl
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Noah R. Nigh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Gabriel J. M. Mirhaidari
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abagail Wexner Research Institute 575 Children's Crossroad Columbus OH 43215 USA
| | - James W. Reinhardt
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abagail Wexner Research Institute 575 Children's Crossroad Columbus OH 43215 USA
| | - Yu‐Chun Chang
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abagail Wexner Research Institute 575 Children's Crossroad Columbus OH 43215 USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abagail Wexner Research Institute 575 Children's Crossroad Columbus OH 43215 USA
| | - Ryan Smalley
- Secant Group, LLC 551 East Church Ave Telford PA 18969 USA
| | | | | | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University 55 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Craig J. Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abagail Wexner Research Institute 575 Children's Crossroad Columbus OH 43215 USA
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9
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Correia CDJ, Ricardo da Silva FY, Armstrong R, Vidal Dos Santos M, da Anunciação LF, Sobral MLP, Coutinho E Silva RDS, Leuvenink HGD, Breithaupt-Faloppa AC, Moreira LFP. Sex differences in the coagulation process and microvascular perfusion induced by brain death in rats. Transpl Int 2020; 33:1541-1550. [PMID: 32890430 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain death (BD) leads to a systemic inflammation associated with the activation of coagulation, which could be related to decreased microcirculatory perfusion. Evidence shows that females exhibit higher platelet aggregability than males. Thus, we investigated sex differences in platelets, coagulation and microcirculatory compromise after BD. BD was induced in male and female (proestrus) Wistar rats. After 3 h, we evaluated: (i) intravital microscopy to evaluate mesenteric perfusion and leucocyte infiltration; (ii) platelet aggregation assay; (iii) rotational thromboelastometry; and (iv) Serum NO x - . Female rats maintained the mesenteric perfusion, whereas male reduced percentage of perfused vessels. Male BD presented higher platelet aggregation than the controls. In contrast, female BD had lower platelet aggregation than the control. Thromboelastometry indicated a reduction in clot firmness with increased clotting time in the female group compared with the male group. Serum NO x - level in female BD was higher than that in the male BD and female control. There is sex dimorphism in platelet function and clotting process, which are altered in different ways by BD. Thus, it is possible to connect the reduction in microcirculatory perfusion in males to intravascular microthrombi formation and the maintenance of perfusion in females to a higher inflammatory response and NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano de Jesus Correia
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Yamamoto Ricardo da Silva
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Armstrong
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Vidal Dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ferreira da Anunciação
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Peixoto Sobral
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Coutinho E Silva
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Chen X, Li C, Jin DY, Ingram B, Hao Z, Bai X, Stafford DW, Hu K, Tie JK. A cell-based high-throughput screen identifies drugs that cause bleeding disorders by off-targeting the vitamin K cycle. Blood 2020; 136:898-908. [PMID: 32374827 PMCID: PMC7426647 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced bleeding disorders contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality. Antithrombotic agents that cause unintended bleeding of obvious cause are relatively easy to control. However, the mechanisms of most drug-induced bleeding disorders are poorly understood, which makes intervention more difficult. As most bleeding disorders are associated with the dysfunction of coagulation factors, we adapted our recently established cell-based assay to identify drugs that affect the biosynthesis of active vitamin K-dependent (VKD) coagulation factors with possible adverse off-target results. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Collection (NCC) library containing 727 drugs was screened, and 9 drugs were identified, including the most commonly prescribed anticoagulant warfarin. Bleeding complications associated with most of these drugs have been clinically reported, but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Further characterization of the 9 top-hit drugs on the inhibition of VKD carboxylation suggests that warfarin, lansoprazole, and nitazoxanide mainly target vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), whereas idebenone, clofazimine, and AM404 mainly target vitamin K reductase (VKR) in vitamin K redox cycling. The other 3 drugs mainly affect vitamin K availability within the cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying the inactivation of VKOR and VKR by these drugs are clarified. Results from both cell-based and animal model studies suggest that the anticoagulation effect of drugs that target VKOR, but not VKR, can be rescued by the administration of vitamin K. These findings provide insights into the prevention and management of drug-induced bleeding disorders. The established cell-based, high-throughput screening approach provides a powerful tool for identifying new vitamin K antagonists that function as anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Chen
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Caihong Li
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Yun Jin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Brian Ingram
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Zhenyu Hao
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Xue Bai
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Darrel W Stafford
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Keping Hu
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ke Tie
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
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11
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Condrey JA, Flietstra T, Nestor KM, Schlosser EL, Coleman-McCray JD, Genzer SC, Welch SR, Spengler JR. Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, and Fibrinogen Reference Intervals for Inbred Strain 13/N Guinea Pigs ( Cavia porcellus) and Validation of Low Volume Sample Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081127. [PMID: 32726969 PMCID: PMC7463423 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbred strain 13/N guinea pigs are used as small animal models for the study of hemorrhagic fever viruses. Coagulation abnormalities, including prolonged clotting times and bleeding, are characteristic of hemorrhagic fever in humans; patients often meet criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Comprehensively evaluating coagulation function is critical in model development and studies of viral pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy. Here, using the VetScan VSpro veterinary point-of-care platform, we developed reference intervals in both juvenile and adult strain 13/N guinea pigs for three coagulation parameters: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen. In addition, for situations or species with limited availability of blood for clinical analysis, we investigated the validity of a modified collection approach for low-volume (0.1 mL) blood sample analysis of PT and aPTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A. Condrey
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Timothy Flietstra
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
| | - Kaitlyn M. Nestor
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Elizabeth L. Schlosser
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
| | - Sarah C. Genzer
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-639-1136; Fax: +1-404-639-1509
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12
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Rocha-Pereira C, Silva V, Costa VM, Silva R, Garcia J, Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Duarte-Araújo M, Santos-Silva A, Coimbra S, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Lopes C, Silva P, Long S, Sousa E, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Histological and toxicological evaluation, in rat, of a P-glycoprotein inducer and activator: 1-(propan-2-ylamino)-4-propoxy-9 H-thioxanthen-9-one (TX5). EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:697-722. [PMID: 31611753 PMCID: PMC6785774 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in the efflux of numerous compounds that influences the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics. It reduces intestinal absorption and exposure of target cells to toxicity. Thioxanthones are compounds able to induce and/or activate P-gp in vitro. Particularly, 1-(propan-2-ylamino)-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (TX5) behaves as a P-gp inducer and activator in vitro. The aims of this study were: i) to perform a histological characterization, by testing a single high dose of TX5 [30 mg/kg, body weight (b.w.), gavage], administered to Wistar Han rats, 24 hours after administration; and ii) to perform both a complete histological characterization and a preliminary safety evaluation, in distinct target organs, 24 hours after administration of a single lower dose of TX5 (10 mg/kg, b.w., gavage) to Wistar Han rats. The results showed a relevant histological toxicity for the higher dose of TX5 administered (30 mg/kg, b.w.), manifested by extensive hepatic necrosis and splenic toxicity (parenchyma with hyperemia, increased volume of both white and red pulp, increased follicles marginal zone). Moreover, in the kidneys, a slight hyperemia and tubular edema were observed in TX5-treated animals, as well as an inflammation of the small intestine. On the contrary, for the lower tested dose (10 mg/kg, b.w.), we did not observe any relevant histological toxicity in the evaluated organs. Additionally, no significant differences were found in the ATP levels between TX5-exposed and control animals in any of the evaluated organs, with the exception of the intestine, where ATP levels were significantly higher in TX5-treated rats. Similarly, TX5 caused a significant increase in the ratio GSH/GSSG only in the lungs. TX5 (10 mg/kg, b.w.) did not induce any change in any of the hematological and biochemical circulating evaluated parameters. However, TX5 was able to significantly reduce the activated partial thromboplastin time, without affecting the prothrombin time. The urine biochemical analysis revealed a TX5-mediated increase in both creatinine and sodium. Taken together, our results show that TX5, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, does not induce considerable toxicity in the biological matrices studied. Given this adequate safety profile, TX5 becomes a particularly interesting compound for ex vivo and in vivo studies, regarding the potential for induction and activation of P-gp at the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Garcia
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Duarte-Araújo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias Saúde (IINFACTS), Departamento de Ciências, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias Saúde (IINFACTS), Departamento de Ciências, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.,Departamento de Saúde Pública e Ciências Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lopes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Centro de Investigação do IPO-Porto
| | - Paula Silva
- Departamento de Microscopia, Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Solida Long
- CIIMAR, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Weber B, Lackner I, Haffner-Luntzer M, Palmer A, Pressmar J, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Knöll B, Schrezenemeier H, Relja B, Kalbitz M. Modeling trauma in rats: similarities to humans and potential pitfalls to consider. J Transl Med 2019; 17:305. [PMID: 31488164 PMCID: PMC6728963 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in humans below the age of 40. Patients injured by accidents frequently suffer severe multiple trauma, which is life-threatening and leads to death in many cases. In multiply injured patients, thoracic trauma constitutes the third most common cause of mortality after abdominal injury and head trauma. Furthermore, 40–50% of all trauma-related deaths within the first 48 h after hospital admission result from uncontrolled hemorrhage. Physical trauma and hemorrhage are frequently associated with complex pathophysiological and immunological responses. To develop a greater understanding of the mechanisms of single and/or multiple trauma, reliable and reproducible animal models, fulfilling the ethical 3 R’s criteria (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement), established by Russell and Burch in ‘The Principles of Human Experimental Technique’ (published 1959), are required. These should reflect both the complex pathophysiological and the immunological alterations induced by trauma, with the objective to translate the findings to the human situation, providing new clinical treatment approaches for patients affected by severe trauma. Small animal models are the most frequently used in trauma research. Rattus norvegicus was the first mammalian species domesticated for scientific research, dating back to 1830. To date, there exist numerous well-established procedures to mimic different forms of injury patterns in rats, animals that are uncomplicated in handling and housing. Nevertheless, there are some physiological and genetic differences between humans and rats, which should be carefully considered when rats are chosen as a model organism. The aim of this review is to illustrate the advantages as well as the disadvantages of rat models, which should be considered in trauma research when selecting an appropriate in vivo model. Being the most common and important models in trauma research, this review focuses on hemorrhagic shock, blunt chest trauma, bone fracture, skin and soft-tissue trauma, burns, traumatic brain injury and polytrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ina Lackner
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Pressmar
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Knöll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenemeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm and Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Experimental Radiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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14
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Huang J, Fan H, Yin X, Huang F. Isolation of a Novel Metalloproteinase from Agkistrodon Venom and Its Antithrombotic Activity Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4088. [PMID: 31438579 PMCID: PMC6747553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom contains large amounts of active proteins and peptides. In this study, a novel snake protein, metalloproteinase SP, was successfully isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus by multi-gel chromatography. The isolated protein exhibits anti-platelet aggregation activity. Animal experiments showed that it exhibited defibration, anticoagulation, and antithrombotic effects and contributes to improved blood rheology and antiplatelet aggregation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that it prolonged clotting time, partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen time and reduced fibrinogen content of mice. Also, metalloproteinase SP inhibited carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis, ADP-induced acute pulmonary embolism, and ADP, Arachidonic acid (AA), or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In vitro experiments showed that the protein cleaved the α, β, and γ chains of fibrinogen. Metabolomic analysis upon metalloproteinase SP treatment revealed that 14 metabolites, which are mainly involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, responded to metalloproteinase SP treatment. In summary, the isolated snake venom protein inhibits formation of acute pulmonary embolism probably through regulating and restoring perturbed energy, lipid, and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Chinese Medicine College, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Chinese Medicine College, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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15
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Kilanowicz A, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Klimczak M, Stragierowicz J, Sikora J. Hexachloronaphthalene as a hemostasis disturbing factor in female Wistar rats - A pilot study. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:577-585. [PMID: 31075638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are some of the most dangerous environmental toxicants, data on their impact on hemostasis are virtually limited. 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexachloronaphthalene (PCN67) seems to be one of the most toxic congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), which have recently been listed as POPs. The toxic effects of PCNs are similar to other chlorinated aromatics, e.g. polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), so an impact on hemostasis could not be excluded. Therefore, this study examines, for the first time, if short-term (two and four weeks) exposure of a mixture of hexachloronaphthalene congeners with a PCN67 as a predominant component to female Wistar rats may have an impact on selected hemostasis parameters, such as overall potential and kinetic parameters of clot formation and fibrinolysis; hematology and basic coagulology parameters. It also examines the influence of PCN67 on the stability of erythrocyte membranes. Obtained results indicate that PCN67 may be an important disturbing factor regarding both coagulation and fibrinolysis processes, as well as platelet count. Exposure to PCN67 significantly affected clot formation and lysis processes and diminished fibrinogen concentration after both administration periods. After two weeks of administration, an increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was noted; after four weeks - decreased platelet count with concomitant increased in mean platelet volume. Moreover, PCN67 may exert adverse effects on the red blood cells membrane stability, which were manifested by a statistically significant increase of red blood cells lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Klimczak
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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16
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Zhao M, Liu X, Sun H, Guo Z, Liu X, Sun W. Evaluation of Urinary Proteome Library Generation Methods on Data‐Independent Acquisition MS Analysis and its Application in Normal Urinary Proteome Analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800152. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mindi Zhao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineBeijing HospitalNational Center of Gerontology Beijing 100730 China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Core Facility of InstrumentInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Facility of InstrumentInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of InstrumentInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of InstrumentInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of InstrumentInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China
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Kopić A, Benamara K, Schuster M, Leidenmühler P, Bauer A, Glantschnig H, Höllriegl W. Coagulation phenotype of wild-type mice on different genetic backgrounds. Lab Anim 2018; 53:43-52. [PMID: 30419767 PMCID: PMC6416704 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218811059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models are used to investigate beneficial treatment
in haemophilia by comparison with wild-type mice. It has been recognized that
wild-type and haemophilic mice of different genetic backgrounds show different
bleeding phenotypes. We assessed ex-vivo coagulation parameters
in nine wild-type substrains of 129S1/Sv, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice applying
thromboelastography (TEG), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT),
prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen levels. The comprehensive
ex-vivo data are discussed in view of results from a
tail-tip bleeding assay. Time to first clot formation (R-time)
showed higher within-substrain (CV range: 28–54%) and higher between-substrain
(median range: 25.53–42.60 min) variation for BALB/c than for C57BL/6 mice (CV
range: 14–31%; median range: 22.45–24.93 min). Median R-time for 129S1/Sv mice
was 30.42 min (CV: 33%). No distinct strain differences were observed for
maximum amplitude (MA), aPTT, or PT, but males generally showed higher MA and
shorter aPTT than females. Males of all substrains had higher fibrinogen levels
than females. The heightened in-vivo variability (CV range:
81–171%; median range: 36.00–469.50 mg) in the tail-tip bleeding assay and
increased blood loss in wild-type C57BL/6 male mice was not reflected in
ex-vivo coagulation parameters. In general,
ex-vivo coagulation results appeared consistent within
substrains, but showed substrain and sex differences of variable magnitudes. We
conclude that alignment of the mouse substrain genetic background to the
experimental model is critical to reduce data variability and animal
numbers.
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18
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Costa PF, Albers HJ, Linssen JEA, Middelkamp HHT, van der Hout L, Passier R, van den Berg A, Malda J, van der Meer AD. Mimicking arterial thrombosis in a 3D-printed microfluidic in vitro vascular model based on computed tomography angiography data. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2785-2792. [PMID: 28717801 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is the main instigating factor of heart attacks and strokes, which result in over 14 million deaths worldwide every year. The mechanism of thrombosis involves factors from the blood and the vessel wall, and it also relies strongly on 3D vessel geometry and local blood flow patterns. Microfluidic chip-based vascular models allow controlled in vitro studies of the interaction between vessel wall and blood in thrombosis, but until now, they could not fully recapitulate the 3D geometry and blood flow patterns of real-life healthy or diseased arteries. Here we present a method for fabricating microfluidic chips containing miniaturized vascular structures that closely mimic architectures found in both healthy and stenotic blood vessels. By applying stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing of computed tomography angiography (CTA) data, 3D vessel constructs were produced with diameters of 400 μm, and resolution as low as 25 μm. The 3D-printed templates in turn were used as moulds for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based soft lithography to create microfluidic chips containing miniaturized replicates of in vivo vessel geometries. By applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling a correlation in terms of flow fields and local wall shear rate was found between the original and miniaturized artery. The walls of the microfluidic chips were coated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) which formed a confluent monolayer as confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The endothelialised microfluidic devices, with healthy and stenotic geometries, were perfused with human whole blood with fluorescently labeled platelets at physiologically relevant shear rates. After 15 minutes of perfusion the healthy geometries showed no sign of thrombosis, while the stenotic geometries did induce thrombosis at and downstream of the stenotic area. Overall, the novel methodology reported here, overcomes important design limitations found in typical 2D wafer-based soft lithography microfabrication techniques and shows great potential for controlled studies of the role of 3D vessel geometries and blood flow patterns in arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Costa
- Utrecht Biofabrication Facility, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Faber JE, Moore SM, Lucitti JL, Aghajanian A, Zhang H. Sex Differences in the Cerebral Collateral Circulation. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:273-283. [PMID: 27844273 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Premenopausal women and intact female rodents sustain smaller cerebral infarctions than males. Several sex-dependent differences have been identified as potential contributors, but many questions remain unanswered. Mice exhibit wide variation in native collateral number and diameter (collateral extent) that is dependent on differences in genetic background, aging, and other comorbidities and that contributes to their also-wide differences in infarct volume. Likewise, variation in infarct volume correlates with differences in collateral-dependent blood flow in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We examined whether extent of pial collateral arterioles and posterior communicating collateral arteries (PComAs) differ depending on sex in young, aged, obese, hypertensive, and genetically different mice. We combined new data with meta-analysis of our previously published data. Females of C57BL/6J (B6) and BALB/cByJ (BC) strains sustained smaller infarctions than males after permanent MCA occlusion. This protection was unchanged in BC mice after introgression of the B6 allele of Dce1, the major genetic determinant of variation in pial collaterals among mouse strains. Consistent with this, collateral extent in these and other strains did not differ with sex. Extent of PComAs and primary cerebral arteries also did not vary with sex. No dimorphism was evident for loss of pial collateral number and/or diameter (collateral rarefaction) caused by aging, obesity, and hypertension, nor for collateral remodeling after pMCAO. However, rarefaction was greater in females with long-standing hypertension. We conclude that smaller infarct volume in female mice is not due to greater collateral extent, greater remodeling, or less rarefaction caused by aging, obesity, or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Scott M Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Lucitti
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Amir Aghajanian
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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20
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Blood coagulation and metabolic profiles in middle-aged male and female ob/ob mice. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 26:522-6. [PMID: 25692523 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Obese and diabetic states in humans are associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic diseases caused by various coagulation abnormalities. Genetically obese ob/ob mice produce metabolic abnormalities similar to those associated with type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about their coagulation features or sex differences. The present study aimed to determine the effects of obese and diabetic complications on blood coagulation and vascular diseases by exploring correlations between blood coagulation and metabolic profiles in middle-aged male and female ob/ob mice. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were significantly increased, whereas those that of platelet factor-4 (PF-4) was slightly, but significantly increased in male and female ob/ob mice compared with lean counterparts. Prothrombin time (PT) was significantly shortened in female ob/ob mice and activated partial thrombin time (APTT) significantly differed between male and female ob/ob mice. Plasma levels of antithrombin (AT) were significantly increased in male and female ob/ob mice. None of the other coagulation and fibrinolytic factors examined significantly differed between ob/ob mice and lean counterparts. On the contrary, factors such as body weight and cholesterol levels significantly differed between ob/ob and lean mice, whereas glucose, fructosamine and insulin levels significantly differed only in one sex of each strain. These results provided fundamental information about blood coagulation and metabolic features for exploring the function of altered blood coagulation states in ob/ob mice.
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21
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Lefebvre S, Rannou B, Besse S, Benoit E, Lattard V. Origin of the gender differences of the natural resistance to antivitamin K anticoagulants in rats. Toxicology 2016; 344-346:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Struble E, Harrouk W, DeFelice A, Tesfamariam B. Nonclinical aspects of venous thrombosis in pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:190-200. [PMID: 26404176 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state which carries an excess risk of maternal venous thrombosis. Endothelial injury, alterations in blood flow and activation of the coagulation pathway are proposed to contribute to the hypercoagulability. The risk for thrombosis may be accentuated by certain drugs and device implants that directly or indirectly affect the coagulation pathway. To help ensure that these interventions do not result in adverse maternal or fetal outcomes during pregnancy, gravid experimental animals can be exposed to such treatments at various stages of gestation and over a dosage range that would identify hazards and inform risk assessment. Circulating soluble biomarkers can also be evaluated for enhancing the assessment of any increased risk of venous thrombosis during pregnancy. In addition to traditional in vivo animal testing, efforts are under way to incorporate reliable non-animal methods in the assessment of embryofetal toxicity and thrombogenic effects. This review summarizes hemostatic balance during pregnancy in animal species, embryofetal development, biomarkers of venous thrombosis, and alterations caused by drug-induced venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Struble
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Wafa Harrouk
- Division of Nonprescription Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Albert DeFelice
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Belay Tesfamariam
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Abstract
We report the case of a woman who developed unexplained warfarin hypersensitivity after undergoing surgery to remove her ovaries. Presurgery, the patient's international normalised ratios (INR) control was stable and uneventful but 11 days after her operation she presented with extremely high (frequently ≥10) INR. Warfarin was discontinued on day 24 postoperation but 11 days later the plasma warfarin concentration was high at 4.8 mg/l (therapeutic range 0.7-2.3 mg/l). After cessation of warfarin, she required frequent doses of oral and intravenous vitamin K1 (totalling 48 mg) as well as two doses of prothrombin complex concentrate to normalise the INR. The patient was switched from warfarin to heparin, then to dabigatran with no further thrombosis or bleeding. While on heparin, the kinetics of warfarin elimination and vitamin K status were found to be normal and the reason for the onset of the extreme sensitivity to warfarin remains unknown.
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24
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Goyal VK, Kakade S, Pandey SK, Gothi AK, Nirogi R. Determining the effect of storage conditions on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen concentration in rat plasma samples. Lab Anim 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677215597137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation parameters are usually included in clinical and preclinical safety studies to evaluate the effect of xenobiotics on the extrinsic or intrinsic pathways of coagulation. The analysis is generally performed at the time of terminal sacrifice where many activities are scheduled. Chances of delay in analysis are likely particularly when blood is collected for coagulation via the abdominal vena cava. This experiment was planned to assess the variations in coagulation parameters caused by delay in analysis as well as by storage conditions. Blood was collected from the posterior vena cava under isoflurane anesthesia, and the plasma was separated immediately. Coagulation parameters were evaluated at 0, 6, 24 and 48 h from the plasma stored at room temperature, as well as plasma stored under refrigerated and freezing conditions. Stability of the analytes in blood was also evaluated under refrigerated conditions for 6 h. All parameters were analyzed using a semi-automated coagulometer. Prothrombin time (PT) was stable under all three storage conditions for up to 6 h. Although statistically significant differences were observed for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at room and refrigeration temperatures for up to 6 h, the difference was clinically non-relevant. Fibrinogen was found to be the most stable parameter that showed consistency in results even up to 48 h under all three storage conditions. Plasma for PT can be stored and analyzed without any significant changes for up to 6 h from the actual blood collection, while fibrinogen level testing can be extended for up to 48 h after collection under any storage condition. For reliable APTT results, plasma samples should be run immediately after collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Goyal
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Limited, Serene Chambers, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Somesh Kakade
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Limited, Serene Chambers, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Pandey
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Limited, Serene Chambers, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil Kalidas Gothi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Limited, Serene Chambers, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Limited, Serene Chambers, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Lemini C, Jaimez R, Figueroa A, Martinez-Mota L, Avila ME, Medina M. Ovariectomy differential influence on some hemostatic markers of mice and rats. Exp Anim 2014; 64:81-9. [PMID: 25312504 PMCID: PMC4329519 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent ovariectomy is an experimental method to eliminate the main source of sexual
steroids. This work explored for the first time the ovariectomy temporal changes induced
in the hemostatic coagulation markers: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial
thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen concentration (FIB) along
with uterine weight on adult female CD1 mice and Wistar rats. Uterine weight (Uw) was
assessed before ovariectomy (control), and 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 16, and 21 days after surgery.
PT, aPTT, TT and FIB were estimated the same days, using reported standard techniques.
Ovariectomy decreased Uw, since day 1; and from day 10 to 21 reached the lowest values for
both species. After day 1, mice hemostatic parameters changed (PT +10%,
P<0.05; aPTT +53%, P<0.05; TT −24%,
P<0.05; FIB +67%, P<0.05). Rats showed
significant changes only in TT and FIB (TT −13%, P<0.001; FIB +65%,
P<0.001). Neither mice PT, aPTT and TT, recovered control values
after 21 days. In the rats from day 5 to 16 aPTT diminished (18–23%,
P<0.05) recovering to control values on day 21, TT after 9 days and PT
on day 16. In both species, FIB returned to its control values after 9 days. Ovariectomy
differentially altered the PT hemostatic parameter of mice and rats indicating a
non-equivalence among both species behaviour for experimental studies of blood
coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lemini
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, México D.F., México
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Caffeic acid phenyl ester prevents cadmium intoxication induced disturbances in erythrocyte indices and blood coagulability, hepatorenal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.achaem.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Lorkowska-Zawicka B, Kamiński K, Ciejka J, Szczubiałka K, Białas M, Okoń K, Adamek D, Nowakowska M, Jawień J, Olszanecki R, Korbut R. Inactivation of heparin by cationically modified chitosan. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3953-69. [PMID: 24983639 PMCID: PMC4113808 DOI: 10.3390/md12073953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the ability of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-tri methylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), the cationically modified chitosan, to form biologically inactive complexes with unfractionated heparin and thereby blocking its anticoagulant activity. Experiments were carried out in rats in vivo and in vitro using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) tests for evaluation of heparin anticoagulant activity. For the first time we have found that HTCC effectively neutralizes anticoagulant action of heparin in rat blood in vitro as well as in rats in vivo. The effect of HTCC on suppression of heparin activity is dose-dependent and its efficacy can be comparable to that of protamine-the only agent used in clinic for heparin neutralization. HTCC administered i.v. alone had no direct effect on any of the coagulation tests used. The potential adverse effects of HTCC were further explored using rat experimental model of acute toxicity. When administered i.p. at high doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight), HTCC induced some significant dose-dependent structural abnormalities in the liver. However, when HTCC was administered at low doses, comparable to those used for neutralization of anticoagulant effect of heparin, no histopathological abnormalities in liver were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lorkowska-Zawicka
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Str., Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Str., Cracow 30-060, Poland.
| | - Justyna Ciejka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Str., Cracow 30-060, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Str., Cracow 30-060, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Białas
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Str., Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Str., Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Adamek
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Str., Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Str., Cracow 30-060, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jawień
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Str., Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Str., Cracow 31-531, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Korbut
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Str., Cracow 31-531, Poland.
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Therapy with interleukin-22 alleviates hepatic injury and hemostasis dysregulation in rat model of acute liver failure. Adv Hematol 2014; 2014:705290. [PMID: 24799907 PMCID: PMC3988755 DOI: 10.1155/2014/705290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on liver injury and hematological disturbances was studied in rat model of acute liver failure (ALF) induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS). The following parameters were investigated: (1) survival rate, (2) serum levels of liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), total bilirubin (TBILI), and total albumen (ALB), (3) blood clotting tests (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen level (FIB)) and white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelet counts, (4) hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and (5) liver histopathology. After 48 hours of D-GalN/LPS, the rats exhibited 20% mortality, significant increases in AST, ALT, ALP, TBILI, PT, and aPTT, TNF- α , and COX-2 and significant decreases in FIB, WBCs, and RBCs. By contrast, therapy with IL-22 prevented the lethal effect of D-GalN/LPS by 100% and efficiently alleviated all the biochemical and hematological abnormalities that were observed in ALF untreated group. Furthermore, IL-22 treatment decreased the hepatic contents of TNF- α and COX-2. The histopathological findings also supported the hepatoprotective effect of IL-22. Taken together, therapy with IL-22 can represent a promising therapeutic tool against liver injury and its associated hemostasis disturbances.
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Preventative effects of caffeic Acid phenyl ester on cadmium intoxication induced hematological and blood coagulation disturbances and hepatorenal damage in rats. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2014; 2014:764754. [PMID: 25006475 PMCID: PMC4003892 DOI: 10.1155/2014/764754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The preventative effect of caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) against hematological, blood coagulation, and hepatorenal disturbances in cadmium (Cd) intoxication was investigated in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control group, Cd-group, and Cd + CAPE group. Cd intoxication was induced by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of CdCl2 (1 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, and CAPE was daily given (10 micromol/kg; i.p.) for also 21 days. The results showed that Cd intoxication impaired hepatorenal function and significantly prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and decreased fibrinogen level, red blood cells and platelets counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Interestingly, all these hematological, blood coagulation, and hepatorenal deteriorations of Cd toxicity were significantly prevented by CAPE. Additionally, CAPE significantly reversed the significant decreases in levels of total reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase and increases in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances that were observed in the sera and liver and kidney homogenates of Cd group. It is concluded that CAPE is a promising compound that can counteract the hematological and blood coagulation disturbances, oxidative stress, and hepatorenal damages in Cd intoxication. However, further studies are crucially needed to improve this treatment in patients.
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31
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Ayatollahi H, Javan AO, Khajedaluee M, Shahroodian M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on coagulation and anticoagulation systems in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2013; 28:539-43. [PMID: 23733488 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Saffron showed some effects on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation in in vitro and in vivo studies. In a clinical trial with a limited number volunteers, saffron tablets influenced on bleeding time. In this study, the effect of saffron on plasma level of fibrinogen, factor VII (as coagulant agent), C and S protein (as anti-coagulant agent), PT and PTT in a larger sample size was evaluated. The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study consisting of 1 week treatment with 200 mg and 400 mg saffron tablets. Sixty healthy volunteers (age range 20-50 years) were selected for the study. The volunteers were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group 1 received placebo; Groups 2 and 3 received 200 mg and 400 mg saffron tablets, respectively, for 7 days (1 tablet per day). Before and after 7 days treatment and also 1 month after that, blood samples were taken. The plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, C and S protein, PT and PTT were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed no difference between groups for any of evaluated factors. This study rejected any effect of saffron with dose of 200 and 400 mg for 1 week on coagulant and anticoagulant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ayatollahi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Hematopathology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lemini C, Jaimez R, Medina-Jiménez M, Ávila ME. Gender differences in response to chronic treatment with 17β-oestradiol and 17β-aminoestrogen pentolame on hemostasis in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2012; 44:749-53. [PMID: 23248406 PMCID: PMC3523504 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work evaluated chronic treatment with 17β-oestradiol (E2) and 17β-aminoestrogen pentolame (AEP) on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen concentration (FIB). Male (M) and ovariectomized (Ovx) Wistar rats were used to explore gender differences in the pharmacological response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats (n=12-18) were treated every third day during three months with E2 (1, 10, 100 μg/kg), AEP (1, 10, 100, 500 μg/kg) or vehicle (propylenglycol 1 ml/ kg). PT, aPTT, TT, and FIB were measured using standardized techniques. RESULTS Chronic treatment with E2 in male rats increased PT (4-7%; P<0.05), decreased aPTT (9%; 100 μg/kg; P<0.05) and decreased TT (5% at 100 μg/Kg; P<0.05). Chronic treatment with E2 in ovariectomized female rats decreased PT (3-4%; P<0.05), did not induce significant changes on aPTT and decreased TT in a dose dependent manner (12-27%; P<0.05). Chronic treatment with AEP in male rats did not alter PT, increased aPTT in a dose dependent manner (5-16%; P<0.05), and decreased TT (5%; 500 μg/Kg; P<0.05) while in female ovariectomized rats it decreased PT (5-9%; P<0.05), increased aPTT (8-13%; P<0.05) and decreased TT (6-13%; P<0.05). E2 and AEP decreased FIB in M and Ovx animals. Decreases in FIB by E2 were more pronounced in male (15-18% P<0.05) than in ovariectomized rats (10-14% P<0.05). E2 showed more potency than AEP, lowering FIB at 1 and 10 μg/kg doses. Both estrogens decreased FIB in ovariectomized animals (E2, 10-14%, P<0.05; AEP, 9% P<0.05) and were reverted by increasing dosage. CONCLUSIONS Gender influenced response to chronic treatment with E2 and AEP on hemostatic parameters. PT and aPTT were the most affected parameters, demonstrating non-equivalence in the pharmacological response of M and Ovx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lemini
- Departament of Pharmacology, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Av. Universidad No. 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rapid reversal of anticoagulation reduces hemorrhage volume in a mouse model of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009; 29:1015-21. [PMID: 19319147 PMCID: PMC3691988 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (W-ICH) is a severe type of stroke. There is no consensus on the optimal treatment for W-ICH. Using a mouse model, we tested whether the rapid reversal of anticoagulation using human prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can reduce hemorrhagic blood volume. Male CD-1 mice were treated with warfarin (2 mg/kg over 24 h), resulting in a mean (+/-s.d.) International Normalized Ratio of 3.5+/-0.9. First, we showed that an intravenous administration of human PCC rapidly reversed anticoagulation in mice. Second, a stereotactic injection of collagenase was administered to induce hemorrhage in the right striatum. Forty-five minutes later, the animals were randomly treated with PCC (100 U/kg) or saline i.v. (n=12 per group). Twenty-four hours after hemorrhage induction, hemorrhagic blood volume was quantified using a photometric hemoglobin assay. The mean hemorrhagic blood volume was reduced in PCC-treated animals (6.5+/-3.1 microL) compared with saline controls (15.3+/-11.2 microL, P=0.015). In the saline group, 45% of the mice developed large hematomas (i.e., >15 microL). In contrast, such extensive lesions were never found in the PCC group. We provide experimental data suggesting PCC to be an effective acute treatment for W-ICH in terms of reducing hemorrhagic blood volume. Future studies are needed to assess the therapeutic potential emerging from our finding for human W-ICH.
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Foerch C, Arai K, Jin G, Park KP, Pallast S, van Leyen K, Lo EH. Experimental model of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2008; 39:3397-404. [PMID: 18772448 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.517482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Future demographic changes predict an increase in the number of patients with atrial fibrillation. As long-term anticoagulation for the prevention of ischemic strokes becomes more prevalent, the burden of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (W-ICH) is likely to grow. However, little is known about the clinical aspects and pathophysiologic mechanisms of W-ICH. This study describes the development of a mouse model of W-ICH in which hematoma growth and outcomes can be correlated with anticoagulation parameters. METHODS CD-1 mice were treated with warfarin (2 mg/kg per 24 hours) added to drinking water. ICH was induced by stereotactic injection of collagenase type VII (0.075 U) into the right striatum. Hemorrhagic blood volume was quantified by means of a photometric hemoglobin assay 2 and 24 hours after hemorrhage induction. Neurologic outcomes were assessed on a 5-point scale. RESULTS The international normalized ratio in nonanticoagulated mice was 0.8+/-0.1. After 24 (W-24) and 30 (W-30) hours of warfarin pretreatment, international normalized ratio values increased to 3.5+/-0.9 and 7.2+/-3.4, respectively. Compared with nonanticoagulated mice, mean hemorrhagic blood volume determined 24 hours after hemorrhage induction was found to be 2.5-fold larger in W-24 mice (P=0.019) and 3.1-fold larger in W-30 mice (P<0.001, n=10 per group). Mortality at 24 hours after hemorrhage induction was 0% in nonanticoagulated mice, 10% in W-24 mice, and 30% in W-30 mice. Hematoma enlargement between 2 and 24 hours after hemorrhage induction was -1.4% for nonanticoagulated mice, 22.9% for W-24 mice, and 62.2% for W-30 mice. CONCLUSIONS This study characterizes the first experimental model of W-ICH. It may be helpful in gaining further insights into the pathophysiology of W-ICH and may be used for testing the efficacy of treatment strategies, such as hemostatic therapy, in this severe subtype of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Foerch
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Masschusetts 02129, USA.
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