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Shi X, Wang X, Yao W, Shi D, Shao X, Lu Z, Chai Y, Song J, Tang W, Wang X. Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:192. [PMID: 39090094 PMCID: PMC11294630 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains a pivotal characteristic of cancer and is the primary contributor to cancer-associated mortality. Despite its significance, the mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully elucidated. Contemporary findings in the domain of cancer biology have shed light on the molecular aspects of this intricate process. Tumor cells undergoing invasion engage with other cellular entities and proteins en route to their destination. Insights into these engagements have enhanced our comprehension of the principles directing the movement and adaptability of metastatic cells. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in facilitating the invasion and proliferation of cancer cells by enabling tumor cells to navigate through stromal barriers. Such attributes are influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in the tumor cells and their surrounding milieu. A profound understanding of the metastatic process's biological mechanisms is indispensable for devising efficacious therapeutic strategies. This review delves into recent developments concerning metastasis-associated genes, important signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, metabolic processes, peripheral immunity, and mechanical forces and cancer metastasis. In addition, we combine recent advances with a particular emphasis on the prospect of developing effective interventions including the most popular cancer immunotherapies and nanotechnology to combat metastasis. We have also identified the limitations of current research on tumor metastasis, encompassing drug resistance, restricted animal models, inadequate biomarkers and early detection methods, as well as heterogeneity among others. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will significantly contribute to the advancement of cancer metastasis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wentao Yao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihuan Shao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqing Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chai
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang L, Cao L, Li Z, Shao Z, Chen X, Huang Z, He X, Zheng J, Liu L, Jia XM, Xiao H. ATP-elicited Cation Fluxes Promote Volume-regulated Anion Channel LRRC8/VRAC Transport cGAMP for Antitumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:347-361. [PMID: 38847616 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway is instrumental to antitumor immunity, yet the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are complex and still unfolding. A new paradigm suggests that cancer cells' cGAS-synthesized cGAMP can be transferred to tumor-infiltrating immune cells, eliciting STING-dependent IFN-β response for antitumor immunity. Nevertheless, how the tumor microenvironment may shape this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that extracellular ATP, an immune regulatory molecule widely present in the tumor microenvironment, can potentiate cGAMP transfer, thereby boosting the STING signaling and IFN-β response in murine macrophages and fibroblasts. Notably, genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of murine volume-regulation anion channel LRRC8/volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), a recently identified cGAMP transporter, abolished ATP-potentiated cGAMP transfer and STING-dependent IFN-β response, revealing a crucial role of LRRC8/VRAC in the cross-talk of extracellular ATP and cGAMP. Mechanistically, ATP activation of the P2X family receptors triggered Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux, promoting reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, ATP-evoked K+ efflux alleviated the phosphorylation of VRAC's obligate subunit LRRC8A/SWELL1 on S174. Mutagenesis studies indicated that the phosphorylation of S174 on LRRC8A could act as a checkpoint for VRAC in the steady state and a rheostat of ATP responsiveness. In an MC38-transplanted tumor model, systemically blocking CD39 and ENPP1, hydroxylases of extracellular ATP and cGAMP, respectively, elevated antitumor NK, NKT, and CD8+ T cell responses and restrained tumor growth in mice. Altogether, this study establishes a crucial role of ATP in facilitating LRRC8/VRAC transport cGAMP in the tumor microenvironment and provides new insight into harnessing cGAMP transfer for antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zych MG, Hatch EM. Small spaces, big problems: The abnormal nucleoplasm of micronuclei and its consequences. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 87:102839. [PMID: 38763098 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) form from missegregated chromatin that recruits its own nuclear envelope during mitotic exit and are a common consequence of chromosomal instability. MN are unstable due to errors in nuclear envelope organization and frequently rupture, leading to loss of compartmentalization, loss of nuclear functions, and major changes in genome stability and gene expression. However, recent work found that, even prior to rupture, nuclear processes can be severely defective in MN, which may contribute to rupture-associated defects and have lasting consequences for chromatin structure and function. In this review we discuss work that highlights nuclear function defects in intact MN, including their mechanisms and consequences, and how biases in chromosome missegregation into MN may affect the penetrance of these defects. Illuminating the nuclear environment of MN demonstrates that MN formation alone has major consequences for both the genome and cell and provides new insight into how nuclear content is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly G Zych
- Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA. https://twitter.com/ZychMolly
| | - Emily M Hatch
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ramos A, Bizri N, Novak E, Mollen K, Khan S. The role of cGAS in epithelial dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1409683. [PMID: 39050748 PMCID: PMC11266671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1409683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is lined by an epithelial monolayer responsible for selective permeability and absorption, as well as protection against harmful luminal contents. Recognition of foreign or aberrant DNA within these epithelial cells is, in part, regulated by pattern recognition receptors such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). cGAS binds double-stranded DNA from exogenous and endogenous sources, resulting in the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and a type 1 interferon response. cGAS is also implicated in non-canonical pathways involving the suppression of DNA repair and the upregulation of autophagy via interactions with PARP1 and Beclin-1, respectively. The importance of cGAS activation in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers has been and continues to be explored. This review delves into the intricacies of the complex role of cGAS in intestinal epithelial inflammation and gastrointestinal malignancies, as well as recent therapeutic advances targeting cGAS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramos
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nazih Bizri
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sidrah Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Tian M, Zhang S, Tan F. The cGAS/STING Pathway-A New Potential Biotherapeutic Target for Gastric Cancer? J Pers Med 2024; 14:736. [PMID: 39063990 PMCID: PMC11277918 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks among the top five deadliest tumors worldwide, both in terms of prevalence and mortality rates. Despite mainstream treatments, the efficacy in treating gastric cancer remains suboptimal, underscoring the urgency for novel therapeutic approaches. The elucidation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments has shifted focus towards cancer biotherapeutics, which leverage the patient's immune system or biologics to target tumor cells. Biotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative for tumors resistant to traditional chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. Central to this paradigm is the cGAS-STING pathway, a pivotal component of the innate immune system. This pathway recognizes aberrant DNA, such as that from viral infections or tumor cells, and triggers an immune response, thereby reshaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immune-stimulating milieu. In the context of gastric cancer, harnessing the cGAS-STING pathway holds significant potential for biotherapeutic interventions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on cGAS-STING in gastric cancer, including insights from clinical trials involving STING agonists. Furthermore, it assesses the prospects of targeting the cGAS-STING pathway as a novel biotherapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410017, China; (M.T.); (F.T.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410017, China; (M.T.); (F.T.)
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410017, China; (M.T.); (F.T.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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6
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Li Z, Yue C, Xie S, Shi S, Ye S. Computational insights into the conformational transition of STING: Mechanistic, energetic considerations, and the influence of crucial mutations. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108764. [PMID: 38581901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a crucial protein in the innate immune system's response to viral and bacterial infections. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic and energetic mechanism of the conformational transition process of STING activated by cGAMP binding. We found that the STING connector region undergoes an energetically unfavorable rotation during this process, which is compensated by the favorable interaction between cGAMP and the STING ligand binding domain. We further studied several disease-causing mutations and found that the V155 M mutation facilitates a smoother transition in the STING connector region. However, the V147L mutation exhibits unfavorable conformational transition energy, suggesting it may hinder STING activation pathway that relies on connector region rotation. Despite being labeled as hyperactive, the widespread prevalence of V147L/V147I mutations across species implies a neutral character, indicating complexity in its role. Overall, our analysis deepens the understanding of STING activation within the connector region, and targeting this region with compounds may provide an alternative approach to interfering with STING's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Congran Yue
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shangqiang Xie
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Sai Shi
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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7
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Yeboah SK, Sintim HO. PDE-stable 2'3'-cGAMP analogues, containing 5'-S-phosphorothioester linkage, as STING agonists. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1508-1514. [PMID: 38784462 PMCID: PMC11110794 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00593c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. 2'3'-cGAMP, a natural agonist of STING, shows anticancer activity via stimulation of immune cells but it is susceptible to degradation in vivo by hydrolytic enzymes. Consequently, the cyclic dinucleotide analogues that are being evaluated in the clinic as immunotherapies contain the hydrolytically stable phosphorothioate moiety, whereby the sulfur moiety is exo to the phosphate containing ring. The synthesis of these phosphorothioates however produces diastereomers, which presents separation challenges. An alternative phosphorothioate (referred to as endo-S-phosphorothioate) whereby the sulfur atom is endo to the cyclic phosphate ring (i.e. 5'-S-phosphorothioester linkage) would not have chirality at phosphorus and hence not pose diastereomer separation problems. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel 5'-endo-phosphorothioate substituted 2'3'cGAMP analogues that are hydrolytically stable towards both ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase I (ENPP1, a mammalian phosphodiesterase) and poxvirus immune nucleases (poxin, a phosphodiesterase in Poxvirus) but retains STING-TBK1-IRF activation, comparable to clinical candidate, ADU-S100 in THP1 monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simpa K Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University 720 Clinic Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University 720 Clinic Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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Kanefsky J, Basse M, Sokei J, di Martino O, Valin L, Jaspers Y, Martinez E, Huhn J, Di Marcantonio D, Magee JA, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Ferraro F, Kemp S, Wiest DL, Sykes SM. Disruption of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis drives STING-dependent acute myeloid leukemia cell maturation and death. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107214. [PMID: 38522521 PMCID: PMC11061745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains largely undefined. A comparative expression analysis of 35 genes encoding fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes showed that fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) was highly expressed across multiple AML subtypes relative to healthy controls and that elevated FADS1 expression correlates with worse overall AML patient survival. Functionally, shRNA-mediated inhibition of FADS1 reduced AML cell growth in vitro and significantly delayed leukemia onset in an AML mouse model. AML cell lines depleted of FADS1 arrested in the G1/S-phase of the cell cycle, acquired characteristics of myeloid maturation and subsequently died. To understand the molecular consequences of FADS1 inhibition, a combination of mass spectrometry-based analysis of complex lipids and gene expression analysis (RNA-seq) was performed. FADS1 inhibition caused AML cells to exhibit significant lipidomic remodeling, including depletion of PUFAs from the phospholipids, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. These lipidomic alterations were accompanied by an increase induction of inflammatory and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated type-1 interferon signaling. Remarkably, genetic deletion of STING largely prevented the AML cell maturation and death phenotypes mediated by FADS1 inhibition. Highlighting the therapeutic implications of these findings, pharmacological blockade of PUFA biosynthesis reduced patient-derived AML cell numbers ex vivo but not that of healthy donor cells. Similarly, STING agonism attenuated patient-derived-AML survival; however, STING activation also reduced healthy granulocyte numbers. Collectively, these data unveil a previously unrecognized importance of PUFA biosynthesis in leukemogenesis and that imbalances in PUFA metabolism can drive STING-mediated AML maturation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Kanefsky
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Basse
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Judith Sokei
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Orsola di Martino
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Liana Valin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yorrick Jaspers
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
| | - Esteban Martinez
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacklyn Huhn
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Di Marcantonio
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Magee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephan Kemp
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
| | - David L Wiest
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Stephen M Sykes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Li Q, Wu P, Du Q, Hanif U, Hu H, Li K. cGAS-STING, an important signaling pathway in diseases and their therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e511. [PMID: 38525112 PMCID: PMC10960729 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway was discovered in 2013, great progress has been made to elucidate the origin, function, and regulating mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the past decade. Meanwhile, the triggering and transduction mechanisms have been continuously illuminated. cGAS-STING plays a key role in human diseases, particularly DNA-triggered inflammatory diseases, making it a potentially effective therapeutic target for inflammation-related diseases. Here, we aim to summarize the ancient origin of the cGAS-STING defense mechanism, as well as the triggers, transduction, and regulating mechanisms of the cGAS-STING. We will also focus on the important roles of cGAS-STING signal under pathological conditions, such as infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, and visceral inflammations, and review the progress in drug development targeting cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The main directions and potential obstacles in the regulating mechanism research and therapeutic drug development of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for inflammatory diseases and cancers will be discussed. These research advancements expand our understanding of cGAS-STING, provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the roles of cGAS-STING in diseases, and open up new strategies for targeting cGAS-STING as a promising therapeutic intervention in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Occupational DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital)ChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qiujing Du
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ullah Hanif
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ka Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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10
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Pandey S, Anang V, Schumacher MM. Mitochondria driven innate immune signaling and inflammation in cancer growth, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:223-247. [PMID: 38782500 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important and multifaceted role in cellular function, catering to the cell's energy and biosynthetic requirements. They modulate apoptosis while responding to diverse extracellular and intracellular stresses including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nutrient and oxygen scarcity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and signaling via surface death receptors. Integral components of mitochondria, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cardiolipin, and formyl peptides serve as major damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules activate multiple innate immune pathways both in the cytosol [such as Retionoic Acid-Inducible Gene-1 (RIG-1) and Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS)] and on the cell surface [including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)]. This activation cascade leads to the release of various cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and other inflammatory molecules and oxidative species. The innate immune pathways further induce chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment which either promotes survival and proliferation or promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and therapeutic resistance in the cancer cell's. Chronic activation of innate inflammatory pathways in tumors also drives immunosuppressive checkpoint expression in the cancer cells and boosts the influx of immune-suppressive populations like Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cancer. Thus, sensing of cellular stress by the mitochondria may lead to enhanced tumor growth. In addition to that, the tumor microenvironment also becomes a source of immunosuppressive cytokines. These cytokines exert a debilitating effect on the functioning of immune effector cells, and thus foster immune tolerance and facilitate immune evasion. Here we describe how alteration of the mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular stress drives innate inflammatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Vandana Anang
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Michelle M Schumacher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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11
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Huang R, Ning Q, Zhao J, Zhao X, Zeng L, Yi Y, Tang S. Targeting ENPP1 for cancer immunotherapy: Killing two birds with one stone. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116006. [PMID: 38142838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized the paradigm of cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy remains limited in most clinical settings due to the lack of a preexisting antitumor T-cell response in tumors. Therefore, the clinical outcomes of cancer immunotherapy must be improved crucially. With increased awareness of the importance of the innate immune response in the recruitment of T cells, as well as the onset and maintenance of the T cell response, great interest has been shown in activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to awaken the innate immune response, thereby orchestrating both innate and adaptive immune responses to induce tumor clearance. However, tumor cells have evolved to overexpress ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which degrades the immunotransmitter 2',3'-cGAMP and promotes the production of immune-suppressing adenosine, resulting in inhibition of the anticancer immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Clinically, ENPP1 overexpression is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Conversely, depleting or inhibiting ENPP1 has been verified to elevate extracellular 2',3'-cGAMP levels and inhibit the generation of adenosine, thereby reinvigorating the anticancer immune response for tumor elimination. A variety of ENPP1 inhibitors have recently been developed and have demonstrated significant promise for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of ENPP1, dissect its immunosuppressive mechanisms, and discuss the development of ENPP1 inhibitors with the potential to further improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilei Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xuhong Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Luting Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, and Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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12
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Madsen HB, Park JH, Chu X, Hou Y, Li Z, Rasmussen LJ, Croteau DL, Bohr VA, Akbari M. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is modulated by urolithin A. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111897. [PMID: 38109974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
During aging, general cellular processes, including autophagic clearance and immunological responses become compromised; therefore, identifying compounds that target these cellular processes is an important approach to improve our health span. The innate immune cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as an important signaling system in the organismal defense against viral and bacterial infections, inflammatory responses to cellular damage, regulation of autophagy, and tumor immunosurveillance. These key functions of the cGAS-STING pathway make it an attractive target for pharmacological intervention in disease treatments and in controlling inflammation and immunity. Here, we show that urolithin A (UA), an ellagic acid metabolite, exerts a profound effect on the expression of STING and enhances cGAS-STING activation and cytosolic DNA clearance in human cell lines. Animal laboratory models and limited human trials have reported no obvious adverse effects of UA administration. Thus, the use of UA alone or in combination with other pharmacological compounds may present a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of human diseases that involves aberrant activation of the cGAS-STING pathway or accumulation of cytosolic DNA and this warrants further investigation in relevant transgenic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Madsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J-H Park
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X Chu
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Z Li
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - L J Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - D L Croteau
- Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Computational Biology and Genomics Core, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, USA
| | - V A Bohr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Section on DNA repair, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - M Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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13
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Korneenko TV, Pestov NB, Nevzorov IA, Daks AA, Trachuk KN, Solopova ON, Barlev NA. At the Crossroads of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway and the DNA Damage Response: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1675. [PMID: 38139802 PMCID: PMC10747911 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved DNA-sensing cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway represents one of the most important cytosolic DNA-sensing systems that is activated in response to viral invasion and/or damage to the integrity of the nuclear envelope. The key outcome of this pathway is the production of interferon, which subsequently stimulates the transcription of hundreds of genes. In oncology, the situation is complex because this pathway may serve either anti- or pro-oncogenic roles, depending on context. The prevailing understanding is that when the innate immune response is activated by sensing cytosolic DNA, such as DNA released from ruptured micronuclei, it results in the production of interferon, which attracts cytotoxic cells to destroy tumors. However, in tumor cells that have adjusted to significant chromosomal instability, particularly in relapsed, treatment-resistant cancers, the cGAS-STING pathway often supports cancer progression, fostering the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we review this intricate pathway in terms of its association with cancer progression, giving special attention to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and gliomas. As the development of new cGAS-STING-modulating small molecules and immunotherapies such as oncolytic viruses involves serious challenges, we highlight several recent fundamental discoveries, such as the proton-channeling function of STING. These discoveries may serve as guiding lights for potential pharmacological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Nevzorov
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Kirill N. Trachuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Olga N. Solopova
- Research Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Tumor Therapy, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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14
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Xie J, Sheng M, Rong S, Zhou D, Wang C, Wu W, Huang J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Chen P, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhou BO, Huang X, Walsh CP, Bohlander SK, Huang J, Wang X, Xu GL, Gao H, Shi Y. STING activation in TET2-mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells contributes to the increased self-renewal and neoplastic transformation. Leukemia 2023; 37:2457-2467. [PMID: 37816954 PMCID: PMC10681905 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic loss-of-function mutations of the dioxygenase Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) occur frequently in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These common hematopoietic disorders can be recapitulated in mouse models. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the deficiency in TET2 promotes these disorders remain unclear. Here we show that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is activated to mediate the effect of TET2 deficiency in dysregulated hematopoiesis in mouse models. DNA damage arising in Tet2-deficient hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway which in turn promotes the enhanced self-renewal and development of CH. Notably, both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of STING suppresses Tet2 mutation-induced aberrant hematopoiesis. In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, STING inhibition specifically attenuates the proliferation of leukemia cells from TET2-mutated individuals. These observations suggest that the development of CH associated with TET2 mutations is powered through chronic inflammation dependent on the activated cGAS-STING pathway and that STING may represent a potential target for intervention of relevant hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Xie
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengyao Sheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaoqin Rong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chao Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanling Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Jingru Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pingyue Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yushuang Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanxian Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bo O Zhou
- China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Colum P Walsh
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia & Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China.
- China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Hai Gao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuheng Shi
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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15
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Li Y, Xu R, Wu Y, Guo J, Quan F, Pei Y, Huang D, Zhao X, Gao H, Liu J, Zhang Z, Shi J, Zhang K. Genotype-specific precision tumor therapy using mitochondrial DNA mutation-induced drug release system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1965. [PMID: 37756407 PMCID: PMC10530102 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Precise killing of tumor cells without affecting surrounding normal cells is a challenge. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, a common genetic variant in cancer, can directly affect metabolic homeostasis, serving as an ideal regulatory switch for precise tumor therapy. Here, we designed a mutation-induced drug release system (MIDRS), using the single-nucleotide variation (SNV) recognition ability and trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a to convert tumor-specific mtDNA mutations into a regulatory switch for intracellular drug release, realizing precise tumor cell killing. Using Ce6 as a model drug, MIDRS enabled organelle-level photodynamic therapy, triggering innate and adaptive immunity simultaneously. In vivo evaluation showed that MIDRSMT could identify tumor tissue carrying SNVs in mtDNA in unilateral, bilateral, and heterogeneous tumor models, producing an excellent antitumor effect (~82.6%) without affecting normal cells and thus resulting in a stronger systemic antitumor immune response. Additionally, MIDRS was suitable for genotype-specific precision drug release of chemotherapeutic drugs. This strategy holds promise for mutation-specific personalized tumor treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ru Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fenglei Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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16
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Slavik KM, Kranzusch PJ. CBASS to cGAS-STING: The Origins and Mechanisms of Nucleotide Second Messenger Immune Signaling. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:423-453. [PMID: 37380187 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Host defense against viral pathogens is an essential function for all living organisms. In cell-intrinsic innate immunity, dedicated sensor proteins recognize molecular signatures of infection and communicate to downstream adaptor or effector proteins to activate immune defense. Remarkably, recent evidence demonstrates that much of the core machinery of innate immunity is shared across eukaryotic and prokaryotic domains of life. Here, we review a pioneering example of evolutionary conservation in innate immunity: the animal cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway and its ancestor in bacteria, CBASS (cyclic nucleotide-based antiphage signaling system) antiphage defense. We discuss the unique mechanism by which animal cGLRs (cGAS-like receptors) and bacterial CD-NTases (cGAS/dinucleotide-cyclase in Vibrio (DncV)-like nucleotidyltransferases) in these pathways link pathogen detection with immune activation using nucleotide second messenger signals. Comparing the biochemical, structural, and mechanistic details of cGAS-STING, cGLR signaling, and CBASS, we highlight emerging questions in the field and examine evolutionary pressures that may have shaped the origins of nucleotide second messenger signaling in antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey M Slavik
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip J Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Oscherwitz M, Jiminez V, Terhaar H, Yusuf N. Modulation of Skin Cancer by the Stimulator of Interferon Genes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1794. [PMID: 37761934 PMCID: PMC10530941 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality from skin cancer continue to rise domestically and globally, and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers are a topic of interest in the dermatology and oncology communities. In this review, we summarize the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, its specific role in the pathogenesis of DNA damage and skin cancer, and STING-specific therapies that may fight both melanoma and non-melanoma skin (NMSC) cancers. Furthermore, we discuss specific portions of the STING pathway that may be used in addition to previously used therapies to provide a synergistic effect in future oncology treatments and discuss the limitations of current STING-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oscherwitz
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victoria Jiminez
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hanna Terhaar
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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18
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Lv QM, Lei HM, Wang SY, Zhang KR, Tang YB, Shen Y, Lu LM, Chen HZ, Zhu L. Cancer cell-autonomous cGAS-STING response confers drug resistance. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:591-605.e4. [PMID: 37263275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway has long been recognized as playing a crucial role in immune surveillance and tumor suppression. Here, we show that when the pathway is activated in a cancer-cell-autonomous response manner, it confers drug resistance. Targeted or conventional chemotherapy drugs promoted cytosolic DNA accumulation in cancer cells, activating the cGAS-STING pathway and downstream TBK1-IRF3/NF-κB signaling. This cancer cell-intrinsic response enabled the cells to counteract drug stress, allowing treatment resistance to be acquired and maintained. Blockade of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling delayed and overcame resistance in models in vitro and in vivo. This finding uncovers an alternative face of cGAS-STING signaling other than the well-reported modulation of microenvironmental immune cells. It also implies a caution for the combination of STING agonist with targeted or conventional chemotherapy drug treatment, a strategy prevailing in current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ming Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-Min Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shi-Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ke-Ren Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ya-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences & Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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19
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Xiang D, Han X, Li J, Zhang J, Xiao H, Li T, Zhao X, Xiong H, Xu M, Bi W. Combination of IDO inhibitors and platinum(IV) prodrugs reverses low immune responses to enhance cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy for osteosarcoma. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100675. [PMID: 37304579 PMCID: PMC10250924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have made great progress in the treatment of cancer. However, most ICBs have not yet been observed to be satisfactory in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Herein, we designed composite nanoparticles (NP-Pt-IDOi) from a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive amphiphilic polymer (PHPM) with thiol-ketal bonds in the main chain to encapsulate a Pt(IV) prodrug (Pt(IV)-C12) and an indoleamine-(2/3)-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor (IDOi, NLG919). Once NP-Pt-IDOi enter the cancer cells, the polymeric nanoparticles could dissociate due to the intracellular ROS, and release Pt(IV)-C12 and NLG919. Pt(IV)-C12 induces DNA damage and activates the cGAS-STING pathway, increasing infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, NLG919 inhibits tryptophan metabolism and enhances CD8+ T cell activity, ultimately activating anti-tumor immunity and enhancing the anti-tumor effects of platinum-based drugs. NP-Pt-IDOi were shown to have superior anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo in mouse models of osteosarcoma, providing a new clinical paradigm for combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongquan Xiang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xinli Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300074, PR China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Jiabing Zhang
- Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, PR China
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Hejian Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Bi
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, PR China
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20
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Chen YH, Chen HH, Wang WJ, Chen HY, Huang WS, Kao CH, Lee SR, Yeat NY, Yan RL, Chan SJ, Wu KP, Chen RH. TRABID inhibition activates cGAS/STING-mediated anti-tumor immunity through mitosis and autophagy dysregulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3050. [PMID: 37237031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of tumor-intrinsic innate immunity has been a major strategy for improving immunotherapy. Previously, we reported an autophagy-promoting function of the deubiquitinating enzyme TRABID. Here, we identify a critical role of TRABID in suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistically, TRABID is upregulated in mitosis and governs mitotic cell division by removing K29-linked polyubiquitin chain from Aurora B and Survivin, thereby stabilizing the entire chromosomal passenger complex. TRABID inhibition causes micronuclei through a combinatory defect in mitosis and autophagy and protects cGAS from autophagic degradation, thereby activating the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathway. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TRABID promotes anti-tumor immune surveillance and sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy in preclinical cancer models in male mice. Clinically, TRABID expression in most solid cancer types correlates inversely with an interferon signature and infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells. Our study identifies a suppressive role of tumor-intrinsic TRABID in anti-tumor immunity and highlights TRABID as a promising target for sensitizing solid tumors to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Rong Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nai Yang Yeat
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Liang Yan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jou Chan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Phon Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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21
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Frittoli E, Palamidessi A, Iannelli F, Zanardi F, Villa S, Barzaghi L, Abdo H, Cancila V, Beznoussenko GV, Della Chiara G, Pagani M, Malinverno C, Bhattacharya D, Pisati F, Yu W, Galimberti V, Bonizzi G, Martini E, Mironov AA, Gioia U, Ascione F, Li Q, Havas K, Magni S, Lavagnino Z, Pennacchio FA, Maiuri P, Caponi S, Mattarelli M, Martino S, d'Adda di Fagagna F, Rossi C, Lucioni M, Tancredi R, Pedrazzoli P, Vecchione A, Petrini C, Ferrari F, Lanzuolo C, Bertalot G, Nader G, Foiani M, Piel M, Cerbino R, Giavazzi F, Tripodo C, Scita G. Tissue fluidification promotes a cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA response in invasive breast cancer. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:644-655. [PMID: 36581770 PMCID: PMC10156599 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The process in which locally confined epithelial malignancies progressively evolve into invasive cancers is often promoted by unjamming, a phase transition from a solid-like to a liquid-like state, which occurs in various tissues. Whether this tissue-level mechanical transition impacts phenotypes during carcinoma progression remains unclear. Here we report that the large fluctuations in cell density that accompany unjamming result in repeated mechanical deformations of cells and nuclei. This triggers a cellular mechano-protective mechanism involving an increase in nuclear size and rigidity, heterochromatin redistribution and remodelling of the perinuclear actin architecture into actin rings. The chronic strains and stresses associated with unjamming together with the reduction of Lamin B1 levels eventually result in DNA damage and nuclear envelope ruptures, with the release of cytosolic DNA that activates a cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-signalling adaptor stimulator of interferon genes)-dependent cytosolic DNA response gene program. This mechanically driven transcriptional rewiring ultimately alters the cell state, with the emergence of malignant traits, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity phenotypes and chemoresistance in invasive breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Iannelli
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Villa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
- Max Plank Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hind Abdo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Pagani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Pisati
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Weimiao Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, & Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Ubaldo Gioia
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Flora Ascione
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Kristina Havas
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Magni
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Zeno Lavagnino
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Maiuri
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Caponi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, National Research Council (IOM-CNR), Unit of Perugia, c/o Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Lucioni
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Richard Tancredi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- S.C. Oncologia Medica, ASST Melegnano e della Martesana, Ospedale Uboldo, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Roma, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ferrari
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi, INGM, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Department of Pathology, S. Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
- CISMed University of Trento, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Guilherme Nader
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR-144, Paris, France
- Cell Pathology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Research Institute Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR-144, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Cerbino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Giavazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy.
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Yi J, Wang L, Du J, Wang M, Shen H, Liu Z, Qin Y, Liu J, Hu G, Xiao R, Ding J, Chen X, Wang H, Huang H, Ouyang G, Liu W. ER-localized JmjC domain-containing protein JMJD8 targets STING to promote immune evasion and tumor growth in breast cancer. Dev Cell 2023; 58:760-778.e6. [PMID: 37054705 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The STING-mediated type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway has been shown to play critical roles in antitumor immunity. Here, we demonstrate that an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized JmjC domain-containing protein, JMJD8, inhibits STING-induced type I IFN responses to promote immune evasion and breast tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, JMJD8 competes with TBK1 for binding with STING, blocking STING-TBK1 complex formation and restricting type I IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression as well as immune cell infiltration. JMJD8 knockdown improves the efficacy of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy in treating both human and mouse breast cancer cell-derived implanted tumors. The clinical relevance is highlighted in that JMJD8 is highly expressed in human breast tumor samples, and its expression is inversely correlated with that of type I IFN and ISGs as well as immune cell infiltration. Overall, our study found that JMJD8 regulates type I IFN responses, and targeting JMJD8 triggers antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Xiamen University-Amogene Joint R&D Center for Genetic Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guosheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rongquan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiancheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hongjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Dongxia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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23
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Wang XL, Li ZC, Zhang C, Jiang JY, Han KJ, Tong JF, Yang XL, Chen DD, Lu LF, Li S. Spring Viremia of Carp Virus N Protein Negatively Regulates IFN Induction through Autophagy-Lysosome-Dependent Degradation of STING. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:72-81. [PMID: 36426999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fish possess a powerful IFN system to defend against aquatic virus infections. Nevertheless, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) causes large-scale mortality in common carp and significant economic losses to aquaculture. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the strategies used by SVCV to escape the IFN response. In this study, we show that the SVCV nucleoprotein (N protein) negatively regulates cellular IFN production by degrading stimulator of IFN genes (STING) via the autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway. First, overexpression of N protein inhibited the IFN promoter activation induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and STING. Second, the N protein associated with STING and experiments using a dominant-negative STING mutant demonstrated that the N-terminal transmembrane domains of STING were indispensable for this interaction. Then, the N protein degraded STING in a dose-dependent and autophagy-lysosome-dependent manner. Intriguingly, in the absence of STING, individual N proteins could not elicit host autophagic flow. Furthermore, the autophagy factor Beclin1 was found to interact with the N protein to attenuate N protein-mediated STING degradation after beclin1 knockdown. Finally, the N protein remarkably weakened STING-enhanced cellular antiviral responses. These findings reveal that SVCV uses the host autophagic process to achieve immune escape, thus broadening our understanding of aquatic virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Jia Han
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Jin-Feng Tong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
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24
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van den Bosch T, Derks S, Miedema DM. Chromosomal Instability, Selection and Competition: Factors That Shape the Level of Karyotype Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204986. [PMID: 36291770 PMCID: PMC9600040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Each cancer consists of billions of cells. These cells are far from identical; hence, the population of cells that constitute a tumor is heterogeneous. A salient property that varies between cells in a tumor is their karyotype, the number and configuration of the chromosomes. The level of karyotype heterogeneity can be used to predict the survival of a patient. In this review, we describe the processes that shape the level of karyotype heterogeneity in a cancer. Abstract Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a pan-cancer predictor of survival, with high ITH being correlated to a dismal prognosis. The level of ITH is, hence, a clinically relevant characteristic of a malignancy. ITH of karyotypes is driven by chromosomal instability (CIN). However, not all new karyotypes generated by CIN are viable or competitive, which limits the amount of ITH. Here, we review the cellular processes and ecological properties that determine karyotype ITH. We propose a framework to understand karyotype ITH, in which cells with new karyotypes emerge through CIN, are selected by cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic selective pressures, and propagate through a cancer in competition with other malignant cells. We further discuss how CIN modulates the cell phenotype and immune microenvironment, and the implications this has for the subsequent selection of karyotypes. Together, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological processes that shape the level of karyotype heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van den Bosch
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers—Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers—Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Daniël M. Miedema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers—Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (D.M.M.)
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25
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Yao H, Wang S, Zhou X, Sun J, Zhou G, Zhou D, Chen G, Shi X, Chen J, Shi B, Tai Q, Mi X, Sun L, Yao Y, He S. STING promotes proliferation and induces drug resistance in colorectal cancer by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:2458-2471. [PMID: 36388670 PMCID: PMC9660059 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, reports regarding stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) have emerged rapidly, yet their association remains controversial. This research was aimed to provide an insight into the prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target significance of STING in CRC. METHODS CRC Cell lines of HCT116 and SW480, as well as 32 paired CRC specimens were chosen for this study. STING expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the correlation with clinicopathological factors. Data analysis of STING expressions in colon cancer and rectal cancer were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. siRNA was transfected into cell lines for knocking down the expression of STING. Transwell assay was employed to evaluate cell migration and invasiveness. CCK-8 assay was used for assessing the change of cell proliferation. Drug sensitive test was involved to evaluate drug resistance of cell lines. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied for exploring potential downstream mechanism of STING in CRC progression and Western blotting is used for mechanism validation. RESULTS In the thirty-two paired CRC and adjacent normal tissues, we found a significant up-regulated in STING expression with immunohistochemical staining in cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01), which was correlated with the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of patients (P=0.028). Meanwhile, GESA enrichment analysis indicated a remarkable change in mTOR signaling following STING regulation. In HCT116 and SW480 cell lines of CRC, When STING was down-regulated, its biological behavior of cell viability, cell invasion and drug sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil were significantly reduced (P<0.05), we also observed the up-regulation of P-AMPK (P<0.05) and down-regulation of p-mTOR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS STING expressions was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues. Expression of STING was correlated with the TNM stage of patients. STING is found to promote cell proliferation, invasion ability and drug resistance mediating AMPK-mTOR signaling in CRC. STING could be a promising target for the sensitization of chemotherapy and inhibits CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinbing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Diyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingliang Tai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwei Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Marinello J, Arleo A, Russo M, Delcuratolo M, Ciccarelli F, Pommier Y, Capranico G. Topoisomerase I poison-triggered immune gene activation is markedly reduced in human small-cell lung cancers by impairment of the cGAS/STING pathway. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1214-1225. [PMID: 35794238 PMCID: PMC9519573 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current immunotherapy strategies have contrasting clinical results in human lung cancer patients as small-cell lung cancers (SCLC) often show features of immunological cold tumours. Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) poisons are effective antitumor drugs with good efficacy against lung cancers. METHODS We used molecular, genetic and bioinformatic approaches to determine the mechanism of micronuclei formation induced by two TOP1 poisons in different human cancer cells, including SCLC cell lines. RESULTS TOP1 poisons stimulate similar levels of micronuclei in all tested cell lines but downstream effects can vary markedly. TOP1 poisons increase micronuclei levels with a mechanism involving R-loops as overexpression of RNaseH1 markedly reduces or abolishes both H2AX phosphorylation and micronuclei formation. TOP1 poison-induced micronuclei activate the cGAS/STING pathway leading to increased expression of immune genes in HeLa cells, but not in human SCLC cell lines, mainly due to lack of STING and/or cGAS expression. Moreover, the expression of STING and antigen-presenting machinery genes is generally downregulated in patient tumours of human lung cancer datasets. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data reveal an immune signalling mechanism activated by TOP1 poisons, which is often impaired in human SCLC tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marinello
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Arleo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Delcuratolo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giovanni Capranico
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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27
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Miglietta G, Marinello J, Russo M, Capranico G. Ligands stimulating antitumour immunity as the next G-quadruplex challenge. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:180. [PMID: 36114513 PMCID: PMC9482198 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractG-quadruplex (G4) binders have been investigated to discover new anticancer drugs worldwide in past decades. As these ligands are generally not highly cytotoxic, the discovery rational was mainly based on increasing the cell-killing potency. Nevertheless, no G4 binder has been shown yet to be effective in cancer patients. Here, G4 binder activity at low dosages will be discussed as a critical feature to discover ligands with therapeutic effects in cancer patients. Specific effects of G4 binders al low doses have been reported to occur in cancer and normal cells. Among them, genome instability and the stimulation of cytoplasmic processes related to autophagy and innate immune response open to the use of G4 binders as immune-stimulating agents. Thus, we propose a new rational of drug discovery, which is not based on cytotoxic potency but rather on immune gene activation at non-cytotoxic dosage.
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28
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Shen W, Chen Z, Bai J, Shuang T, Chen Q. Aucubin administration suppresses STING signaling and mitigated high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and steatohepatosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113422. [PMID: 36108984 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rising obesity epidemic in developed countries is associated with many chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consuming aucubin may benefit health by suppressing inflammation. Herein, we studied the effects of aucubin consumption on atherosclerosis and NASH progression induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in LDL receptor deficient (LDLr-/-) mice. Adult LDLr-/- mice were fed with HFD for 12 weeks and received oral administration of aucubin for the last 6 weeks. Aucubin did not alter body weight or dyslipidemia, but lowered hyperglycemia and mitigated HFD-induced atherosclerosis and hepatic impairments in LDLr-/- mice. Aucubin administration inhibited HFD-induced inflammation and downregulated mRNA and protein expression of stimulator of IFN genes (STING) in both aortas and livers of LDLr-/- mice. In vitro, aucubin suppressed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-induced activation of STING/NFκB pathway and downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Furthermore, aucubin enhanced microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) levels in both aortas and livers of LDLr-/- mice. Importantly, miR-181a-5p mimicked the inhibitory effect of aucubin on STING/NFκB pathway and inflammation in BMDM. In conclusion, aucubin consumption attenuated HFD-induced atherosclerosis and NASH progression in LDLr-/- mice, possibly through modulating miR-181a-5p/STING and inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Afliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing University Medical School Afliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Geratology, Nanjing University Medical School Afliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Afliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Afliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Afliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Shuang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shangtang Road 158, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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29
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Shen A, Li X, Zhang Y, Ma J, Xiao R, Wang X, Song Z, Liu Z, Geng M, Zhang A, Xie Z, Ding C. Structure−Activity relationship study of benzothiophene oxobutanoic acid analogues leading to novel stimulator of interferon gene (STING) agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Lao Y, Shen D, Zhang W, He R, Jiang M. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy—How to Overcome Drug Resistance? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153575. [PMID: 35892835 PMCID: PMC9331941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an important strategy in cancer therapy. However, with the widespread clinical use of ICIs, people gradually found that ICIs may not be effective enough to eliminate tumor tissue for certain patients. The resistance to ICI treatment makes some patients unable to benefit from their antitumor effects. Therefore, it is vital to understand their antitumor and drug resistance mechanisms to better narrow the ICI-resistant patient population. This review outlines the antitumor action sites and mechanisms of different types of ICIs and lists the main reason of ICI resistance based on recent studies. Finally, we propose current and future solutions for resistance to ICIs. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antagonists used to remove tumor suppression of immune cells, have been widely used in clinical settings. Their high antitumor effect makes them crucial for treating cancer after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, with the advent of ICIs and their use by a large number of patients, more clinical data have gradually shown that some cancer patients still have resistance to ICI treatment, which makes some patients unable to benefit from their antitumor effect. Therefore, it is vital to understand their antitumor and drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we focused on the antitumor action sites and mechanisms of different types of ICIs. We then listed the main possible mechanisms of ICI resistance based on recent studies. Finally, we proposed current and future solutions for the resistance of ICIs, providing theoretical support for improving their clinical antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefang Lao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Daoming Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou 215131, China;
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou 215131, China;
| | - Rui He
- Department of Pneumoconiosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (M.J.); Tel.: +86-18862185684 (R.H.); +86-13776022109 (M.J.)
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (M.J.); Tel.: +86-18862185684 (R.H.); +86-13776022109 (M.J.)
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31
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Xu H, Jin J, Chen Y, Wu G, Zhu H, Wang Q, Wang J, Li S, Grigore FN, Ma J, Chen CC, Lan Q, Li M. GBP3 promotes glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide by enhancing DNA damage repair. Oncogene 2022; 41:3876-3885. [PMID: 35780181 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer with dismal survival and prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma, but the emergence of drug resistance limits its anti-tumor activity. We previously discovered that the interferon inducible guanylate binding protein 3 (GBP3) is highly elevated and promotes tumorigenicity of glioblastoma. Here, we show that TMZ treatment significantly upregulates the expression of GBP3 and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), both of which increase TMZ-induced DNA damage repair and reduce cell apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, relying on its N-terminal GTPase domain, GBP3 physically interacts with STING to stabilize STING protein levels, which in turn induces expression of p62 (Sequestosome 1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2), and O6-methlyguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), leading to the resistance to TMZ treatment. Reducing GBP3 levels by RNA interference in glioblastoma cells markedly increases the sensitivity to TMZ treatment in vitro and in murine glioblastoma models. Clinically, GBP3 expression is high and positively correlated with STING, NRF2, p62, and MGMT expression in human glioblastoma tumors, and is associated with poor outcomes. These findings provide novel insight into TMZ resistance and suggest that GBP3 may represent a novel potential target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disease, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenggang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disease, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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32
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Morere J, Hognon C, Miclot T, Jiang T, Dumont E, Barone G, Monari A, Bignon E. How Fragile We Are: Influence of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Variants on Pathogen Recognition and Immune Response Efficiency. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3096-3106. [PMID: 35675714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein is a cornerstone of the human immune response. Its activation by cGAMP in the presence of cytosolic DNA stimulates the production of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. In the human population, several STING variants exist and exhibit dramatic differences in their activity, impacting the efficiency of the host defense against infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these variants opens perspectives for personalized medicine treatments against diseases such as viral infections, cancers, or autoinflammatory diseases. Through microsecond-scale molecular modeling simulations, contact analyses, and machine learning techniques, we reveal the dynamic behavior of four STING variants (wild type, G230A, R293Q, and G230A/R293Q) and rationalize the variability of efficiency observed experimentally. Our results show that the decrease in STING activity is linked to a stiffening of key structural elements of the binding cavity together with changes in the interaction patterns within the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Morere
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Cécilia Hognon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tom Miclot
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90126 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tao Jiang
- Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 5 rue Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90126 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Université Paris Cité and CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bignon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
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You H, Qin S, Zhang F, Hu W, Li X, Liu D, Kong F, Pan X, Zheng K, Tang R. Regulation of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling by HBX During Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829923. [PMID: 35251017 PMCID: PMC8891514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a pivotal role in the development of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Among the molecules encoded by this virus, the HBV X protein (HBX) is a viral transactivator that plays a vital role in HBV replication and virus-associated diseases. Accumulating evidence so far indicates that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are at the front-line of the host defense responses to restrict the virus by inducing the expression of interferons and various inflammatory factors. However, depending on HBX, the virus can control PRR signaling by modulating the expression and activity of essential molecules involved in the toll-like receptor (TLR), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR), and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways, to not only facilitate HBV replication, but also promote the development of viral diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that are linked to the regulation of PRR signaling mediated by HBX to inhibit innate immunity, regulation of viral propagation, virus-induced inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Given the importance of PRRs in the control of HBV replication, we propose that a comprehensive understanding of the modulation of cellular factors involved in PRR signaling induced by the viral protein may open new avenues for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Suping Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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34
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Shakfa N, Li D, Nersesian S, Wilson-Sanchez J, Koti M. The STING pathway: Therapeutic vulnerabilities in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:603-611. [PMID: 35383278 PMCID: PMC9381712 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality due to gynecologic malignancy. The majority of women diagnosed with the most common subtype, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), develop resistance to conventional therapies despite initial response to treatment. HGSC tumors displaying DNA damage repair (DDR) gene deficiency and high chromosomal instability mainly associate with higher cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and expression of genes associated with these immune pathways. Despite the high level of immune infiltration observed, the majority of patients with HGSC have not benefited from immunomodulatory treatments as the mechanistic basis of this infiltration is unclear. This lack of response can be primarily attributed to heterogeneity at the levels of both cancer cell genetic alterations and the tumour immune microenvironment. Strategies to enhance anti-tumour immunity have been investigated in ovarian cancer, of which interferon activating therapies present as an attractive option. Of the several type I interferon (IFN-1) stimulating therapies, exogenously activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is emerging as a promising avenue. Herein, we highlight our current understanding of how constitutive and induced cGAS-STING pathway activation influences the ovarian tumour microenvironment. We further elaborate on the links between the genomic alterations prevalent in ovarian tumours and how the resultant immune phenotypes can make them more susceptible to exogenous STING pathway activation and potentiate immune-mediated killing of cancer cells. The therapeutic potential of cGAS-STING pathway activation in ovarian cancer and factors implicating treatment outcomes are discussed, providing a rationale for future combinatorial treatment approaches on the backbone of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shakfa
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Deyang Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Juliette Wilson-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. .,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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35
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Evaluation of Ectopic Mitochondrial DNA in HeLa Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1215-1223. [PMID: 35723303 PMCID: PMC8947175 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of ectopic DNA in the cytoplasm induces inflammation and cell death. It has been widely reported that leakage of nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm can mainly be sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). We recently reported that mitochondria-derived cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that has escaped lysosomal degradation induces significant cytotoxicity in cultured cells and in vivo. Cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA is assumed to be involved in various diseases and disorders, and more and more papers have been published confirming this. On the other hand, the current method for evaluating mitochondrial DNA in the cytoplasm may not be quantitative. Here, we introduce in detail a method to evaluate ectopic mitochondrial DNA in cells. This method is useful in basic research as well as in the study of aging, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, heart failure, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
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Feng W, Smith CM, Simpson DA, Gupta GP. Targeting Non-homologous and Alternative End Joining Repair to Enhance Cancer Radiosensitivity. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 32:29-41. [PMID: 34861993 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer therapies, including radiotherapy, induce DSBs as the major driving mechanism for inducing cancer cell death. Thus, modulating DSB repair has immense potential for radiosensitization, although such interventions must be carefully designed to be tumor selective to ensure that normal tissue toxicities are not also increased. Here, we review mechanisms of error-prone DSB repair through a highly efficient process called end joining. There are two major pathways of end-joining repair: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and alternative end joining (a-EJ), both of which can be selectively upregulated in cancer and thus represent attractive therapeutic targets for radiosensitization. These EJ pathways each have therapeutically targetable pioneer factors - DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) for NHEJ and DNA Polymerase Theta (Pol θ) for a-EJ. We summarize the current status of therapeutic targeting of NHEJ and a-EJ to enhance the effects of radiotherapy - focusing on challenges that must be overcome and opportunities that require further exploration. By leveraging preclinical insights into mechanisms of altered DSB repair programs in cancer, selective radiosensitization through NHEJ and/or a-EJ targeting remains a highly attractive avenue for ongoing and future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea M Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program
| | | | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program; Department of Radiation Oncology; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Abstract
Cyclic di-nucleotides (CDNs) are widespread second messenger signalling molecules that regulate fundamental biological processes across the tree of life. These molecules are also potent modulators of the immune system, inducing a Type I interferon response upon binding to the eukaryotic receptor STING. Such a response in tumours induces potent immune anti-cancer responses and thus CDNs are being developed as a novel cancer immunotherapy. In this review, I will highlight the use, challenges and advantages of using naturally occurring CDNs to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Waters
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 5180 Biomedical and Physical Sciences, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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