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Nicosia N, Kwiecień I, Bednarski M, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Mika K, Hambaryan R, Miller A, Alesci A, Lauriano ER, Zammit P, Ragusa S, Trojan E, Fumia A, Sapa J, Miceli N, Kotańska M. Anti-diabetes and neuroprotection potential and primary safety studies of Isatis tinctoria L. hydroalcoholic leaf extract. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106138. [PMID: 39053741 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural plant raw materials, previously underestimated in therapeutics, are becoming the subject of research for new applications in medicine. In our research, the hydroalcoholic extract of Isatis tinctoria leaf, rich in flavonoid compounds such as vicenin-2 and quercetin, was examined as a potential antidiabetic and neuroprotective agent. METHODS The effect of the extract and its main flavonoid compounds on protein glycation, alpha-glucosidase activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity was tested. In vitro, in the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line and in vivo, using a mouse model, the safety of the extract was screened for. RESULTS Our experiments demonstrated significant inhibition of protein glycation, alpha-glucosidase activity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and β-amyloid aggregation by the extract, in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract had a strong reducing effect and did not exhibit cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract to mice did not have negative effects on body mass, locomotor activity, coordination, and liver cell integrity. CONCLUSIONS Our research sheds new light on this raw material and deepens knowledge of its activity. This may result in the recognition of its therapeutic effects and even in its introduction in the modern treatment of diseases characterized by pathological changes associated with hyperglycemia, oxidation, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Medicinal Plant and Mushroom Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Rimma Hambaryan
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia R Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Paula Zammit
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- PLANTA/Autonomous Center for Research, Documentation and Training, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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Gourlay LJ, Mangiagalli M, Moroni E, Lotti M, Nardini M. Structural determinants of cold activity and glucose tolerance of a family 1 glycoside hydrolase (GH1) from Antarctic Marinomonas sp. ef1. FEBS J 2024; 291:2897-2917. [PMID: 38400529 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cold-active enzymes support life at low temperatures due to their ability to maintain high activity in the cold and can be useful in several biotechnological applications. Although information on the mechanisms of enzyme cold adaptation is still too limited to devise general rules, it appears that very diverse structural and functional changes are exploited in different protein families and within the same family. In this context, we studied the cold adaptation mechanism and the functional properties of a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) from the Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas sp. ef1. This enzyme exhibits all typical functional hallmarks of cold adaptation, including high catalytic activity at 5 °C, broad substrate specificity, low thermal stability, and higher lability of the active site compared to the overall structure. Analysis of the here-reported crystal structure (1.8 Å resolution) and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that cold activity and thermolability may be due to a flexible region around the active site (residues 298-331), whereas the dynamic behavior of loops flanking the active site (residues 47-61 and 407-413) may favor enzyme-substrate interactions at the optimal temperature of catalysis (Topt) by tethering together protein regions lining the active site. Stapling of the N-terminus onto the surface of the β-barrel is suggested to partly counterbalance protein flexibility, thus providing a stabilizing effect. The tolerance of the enzyme to glucose and galactose is accounted for by the presence of a "gatekeeping" hydrophobic residue (Leu178), located at the entrance of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, SCITE-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Italy
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3
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Moya-Gonzálvez EM, Zeuner B, Thorhallsson AT, Holck J, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Meyer AS, Yebra MJ. Synthesis of fucosyllactose using α-L-fucosidases GH29 from infant gut microbial metagenome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:338. [PMID: 38771321 PMCID: PMC11108932 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Fucosyl-oligosaccharides (FUS) provide many health benefits to breastfed infants, but they are almost completely absent from bovine milk, which is the basis of infant formula. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the development of enzymatic transfucosylation strategies for the production of FUS. In this work, the α-L-fucosidases Fuc2358 and Fuc5372, previously isolated from the intestinal bacterial metagenome of breastfed infants, were used to synthesize fucosyllactose (FL) by transfucosylation reactions using p-nitrophenyl-α-L-fucopyranoside (pNP-Fuc) as donor and lactose as acceptor. Fuc2358 efficiently synthesized the major fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) with a 35% yield. Fuc2358 also produced the non-HMO FL isomer 3'-fucosyllactose (3'FL) and traces of non-reducing 1-fucosyllactose (1FL). Fuc5372 showed a lower transfucosylation activity compared to Fuc2358, producing several FL isomers, including 2'FL, 3'FL, and 1FL, with a higher proportion of 3'FL. Site-directed mutagenesis using rational design was performed to increase FUS yields in both α-L-fucosidases, based on structural models and sequence identity analysis. Mutants Fuc2358-F184H, Fuc2358-K286R, and Fuc5372-R230K showed a significantly higher ratio between 2'FL yields and hydrolyzed pNP-Fuc than their respective wild-type enzymes after 4 h of transfucosylation. The results with the Fuc2358-F184W and Fuc5372-W151F mutants showed that the residues F184 of Fuc2358 and W151 of Fuc5372 could have an effect on transfucosylation regioselectivity. Interestingly, phenylalanine increases the selectivity for α-1,2 linkages and tryptophan for α-1,3 linkages. These results give insight into the functionality of the active site amino acids in the transfucosylation activity of the GH29 α-L-fucosidases Fuc2358 and Fuc5372. KEY POINTS: Two α-L-fucosidases from infant gut bacterial microbiomes can fucosylate glycans Transfucosylation efficacy improved by tailored point-mutations in the active site F184 of Fuc2358 and W151 of Fuc5372 seem to steer transglycosylation regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Moya-Gonzálvez
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Birgitte Zeuner
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Albert Th Thorhallsson
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - María J Yebra
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Deswal N, Takkar P, Kaur L, Ojha H, Kumar R. Synthesis and bio-evaluation of newer dihydropyridines and tetrahydropyridines based glycomimetic azasugars. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107224. [PMID: 38401361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and bio-evaluation of new triazolylated dihydropyridine and tetrahydropyridine azasugar scaffolds (F1-14). Azasugar glycomimetics are the synthetic substances that mimic the structural and functional characteristics of natural carbohydrates showcasing promising potential as therapeutic agents for diabetes. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of synthesized final compounds were evaluated against the commercially available α-glucosidase enzyme. Majority of the screened compounds displayed excellent inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 2.12 to 75.11 μM, when compared to the standard drug Acarbose. Particularly, compound F5 with IC50 value of 2.12 μM was found to be the most active compound among the series. Further molecular docking studies of selected ligands were performed to investigate the binding interactions with enzyme active sites. Their specific binding patterns have been analysed with the binding sites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase. These findings suggest these candidates as the potential leads for the anti-diabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Deswal
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Priya Takkar
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Lajpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Imaging Science, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development and Organization, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- Department of Radiological, Nuclear and Imaging Science, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development and Organization, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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5
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Jian X, Li C, Feng X. Strategies for modulating transglycosylation activity, substrate specificity, and product polymerization degree of engineered transglycosylases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1284-1298. [PMID: 36154438 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides are widely used in many fields due to their favorable biological activity. The traditional plant extractions and chemical methods for glycosides production are limited by environmentally unfriendly, laborious protecting group strategies and low yields. Alternatively, enzymatic glycosylation has drawn special attention due to its mild reaction conditions, high catalytic efficiency, and specific stereo-/regioselectivity. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) and retaining glycoside hydrolases (rGHs) are two major enzymes for the formation of glycosidic linkages. Therein GTs generally use nucleotide phosphate activated donors. In contrast, GHs can use broader simple and affordable glycosyl donors, showing great potential in industrial applications. However, most rGHs mainly show hydrolysis activity and only a few rGHs, namely non-Leloir transglycosylases (TGs), innately present strong transglycosylation activities. To address this problem, various strategies have recently been developed to successfully tailor rGHs to alleviate their hydrolysis activity and obtain the engineered TGs. This review summarizes the current modification strategies in TGs engineering, with a special focus on transglycosylation activity enhancement, substrate specificity modulation, and product polymerization degree distribution, which provides a reference for exploiting the transglycosylation potentials of rGHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Křen V, Bojarová P. Rutinosidase and other diglycosidases: Rising stars in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108217. [PMID: 37481095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Diglycosidases are a special class of glycosidases (EC 3.2.1) that catalyze the separation of intact disaccharide moieties from the aglycone part. The main diglycosidase representatives comprise rutinosidases that cleave rutinose (α-l-Rha-(1-6)-β-d-Glc) from rutin or other rutinosides, and (iso)primeverosidases processing (iso)primeverosides (d-Xyl-(1-6)-β-d-Glc), but other activities are known. Notably, some diglycosidases may be ranked as monoglucosidases with enlarged substrate specificity. Diglycosidases are found in various microorganisms and plants. Diglycosidases are used in the food industry for aroma enhancement and flavor modification. Besides their hydrolytic activity, they also possess pronounced synthetic (transglycosylating) capabilities. Recently, they have been demonstrated to glycosylate various substrates in a high yield, including peculiar species like inorganic azide or carboxylic acids, which is a unique feature in biocatalysis. Rhamnose-containing compounds such as rutinose are currently receiving increased attention due to their proven activity in anti-cancer and dermatological experimental studies. This review demonstrates the vast and yet underrated biotechnological potential of diglycosidases from various sources (plant, microbial), and reveals perspectives on the use of these catalysts as well as of their products in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Shao Z, Liu N, Wang W, Zhu L. β-Glucosidases as dominant dose-dependent regulators of Oryza sativa L. in response to typical organic pollutant exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119709. [PMID: 35841992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic defense and compensation to maintain homeostasis is crucial for assessing the potential health risk of organic pollutants in crops. Currently, limited understanding is available regarding the targeted metabolic pathways and response mechanism under contaminant stress. This study showed that ciprofloxacin (CIP) at the environmental concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50 mg/L) did not significantly inhibit growth or cause severe oxidative damage to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Instead, the increment in CIP concentration induced a series of sequential metabolic disorders, which were characterized predominantly by primary and secondary metabolic disturbances, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. After CIP in vivo exceeded a certain threshold level (>0.29 mg/g dry weight), β-glucosidases (BGLUs) mediated the transition from the activation of the genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to the inhibition of the genes related to carbohydrate metabolism in rice. In particular, starch and sucrose metabolism showed the most profound perturbation stressed by environmental concentrations of CIP (5 mg/L) and other tested organic pollutants (10 μg/L of tricyclazole, thiamethoxam, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated biphenyls). Besides, the key genes encoding endoglucanase and BGLU were significantly downregulated (|log2FC| > 3.0) under 100 μg/L of other tested organic pollutants, supporting the transition from the activation of secondary defense metabolism to the disruption of primary energy metabolism. Thus, in addition to bioaccumulation, changes in BGLU activity and starch and sucrose metabolism can reflect the potential adverse effects of pollutants on rice. This study explained the stepwise metabolic and transcriptional responses of rice to organic pollutants, which provided a new reference for the comprehensive evaluation of their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Shao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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8
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Wang D, Zheng P, Chen P, Dan Wu. Engineering an α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger for efficient conversion of rutin substrate. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan synthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5139-5163. [PMID: 35199190 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glycans, including oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, play an integral role in modulating the biological functions of macromolecules. Many physiological and pathological processes are mediated by interactions between glycans, which has led to the use of glycans as biosensors for pathogen and biomarker detection. Elucidating the relationship between glycan structure and biological function is critical for advancing our understanding of the impact glycans have on human health and disease and for expanding the repertoire of glycans available for bioanalysis, especially for diagnostics. Such efforts have been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogenous glycan samples needed to resolve the exact relationships between glycan structure and their structural or modulatory functions on a given glycoconjugate. Synthetic strategies offer a viable route for overcoming these technical hurdles. In recent years, microfluidics have emerged as powerful tools for realizing high-throughput and reproducible syntheses of homogenous glycans for the potential use in functional studies. This critical review provides readers with an overview of the microfluidic technologies that have been developed for chemical and enzymatic glycan synthesis. The advantages and limitations associated with using microreactor platforms to improve the scalability, productivity, and selectivity of glycosylation reactions will be discussed, as well as suggested future work that can address certain pitfalls.
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10
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Hovorková M, Kulik N, Konvalinková D, Petrásková L, Křen V, Bojarová P. Mutagenesis of Catalytic Nucleophile of β‐Galactosidase Retains Residual Hydrolytic Activity and Affords a Transgalactosidase. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hovorková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 5 CZ-12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Zámek 136 CZ-37333 Nové Hrady Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Konvalinková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
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11
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Karimi Alavijeh M, Meyer AS, Gras SL, Kentish SE. Synthesis of N-Acetyllactosamine and N-Acetyllactosamine-Based Bioactives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7501-7525. [PMID: 34152750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) or more specifically β-d-galactopyranosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine is a unique acyl-amino sugar and a key structural unit in human milk oligosaccharides, an antigen component of many glycoproteins, and an antiviral active component for the development of effective drugs against viruses. LacNAc is useful itself and as a basic building block for producing various bioactive oligosaccharides, notably because this synthesis may be used to add value to dairy lactose. Despite a significant amount of information in the literature on the benefits, structures, and types of different LacNAc-derived oligosaccharides, knowledge about their effective synthesis for large-scale production is still in its infancy. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of existing production strategies for LacNAc and important LacNAc-based structures, including sialylated LacNAc as well as poly- and oligo-LacNAc. We conclude that direct extraction from milk is too complex, while chemical synthesis is also impractical at an industrial scale. Microbial routes have application when multiple step reactions are needed, but the major route to large-scale biochemical production will likely lie with enzymatic routes, particularly those using β-galactosidases (for LacNAc synthesis), sialidases (for sialylated LacNAc synthesis), and β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (for oligo-LacNAc synthesis). Glycosyltransferases, especially for the biosynthesis of extended complex LacNAc structures, could also play a major role in the future. In these cases, immobilization of the enzyme can increase stability and reduce cost. Processing parameters, such as substrate concentration and purity, acceptor/donor ratio, water activity, and temperature, can affect product selectivity and yield. More work is needed to optimize these reaction parameters and in the development of robust, thermally stable enzymes to facilitate commercial production of these important bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karimi Alavijeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S L Gras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S E Kentish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Porciúncula-González C, Cagnoni AJ, Fontana C, Mariño KV, Saenz-Méndez P, Giacomini C, Irazoqui G. Structural insights in galectin-1-glycan recognition: Relevance of the glycosidic linkage and the N-acetylation pattern of sugar moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 44:116309. [PMID: 34293617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectins, soluble lectins widely expressed intra- and extracellularly in different cell types, play major roles in deciphering the cellular glycocode. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family, presents a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with specific affinity for β-galactosides such as N-acetyllactosamine (β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-d-GlcpNAc), and mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes. In this work, Gal-1 binding affinity for β-(1 → 6) galactosides, including β-d-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-d-GlcpNAc was evaluated, and their performance was compared to that of β-(1 → 4) and β-(1 → 3) galactosides. To this end, the trisaccharide β-d-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-d-GlcpNAc was enzymatically synthesized, purified and structurally characterized. To evaluate the affinity of Gal-1 for the galactosides, competitive solid phase assays (SPA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies were carried out. The experimental dissociation constants and binding energies obtained were compared to those calculated by molecular docking. These analyses evidenced the critical role of the glycosidic linkage between the terminal galactopyranoside residue and the adjacent monosaccharide, as galactosides bearing β-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages showed dissociation constants six- and seven-fold higher than those involving β-(1 → 4) and β-(1 → 3) linkages, respectively. Moreover, docking experiments revealed the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between the N-acetyl group of the glucosaminopyranose moiety of the evaluated galactosides and specific amino acid residues of Gal-1, relevant for galectin-glycan affinity. Noticeably, the binding free energies (ΔGbindcalc) derived from the molecular docking were in good agreement with experimental values determined by ITC measurements (ΔGbindexp), evidencing a good correlation between theoretical and experimental approaches, which validates the in silico simulations and constitutes an important tool for the rational design of future optimized ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Porciúncula-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral. Flores, 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Isidoro de María 1614, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Fontana
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía y Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Departamento de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte (S.R.A. Facultad de Química), UdelaR, Ruta 3 km 363, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Saenz-Méndez
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Isidoro de María 1614, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Karlstad University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral. Flores, 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Irazoqui
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral. Flores, 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kirubakaran S, Sureshkumar D, Chandrasekaran S. Tetrathiomolybdate and Tetraselenotungstate as Sulfur/Selenium Transfer Reagents: Applications in the Synthesis of New Thio/Seleno Sugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3076-3086. [PMID: 34145726 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur and selenium containing sugars have gained prominence in the last two decades because of their importance in several biological applications. These type of carbohydrate scaffolds are also challenging targets for synthesis. In this personal note, we have summarised the results of our investigation over the last 20 years on the use of two reagents, benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate and tetraethylammonium tetraselenotungstate, in efficient transfer of sulfur and selenium respectively to the synthesis of a number of carbohydrate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivapriya Kirubakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India
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14
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Iftikhar M, Lu Y, Zhou M. An overview of therapeutic potential of N-alkylated 1-deoxynojirimycin congeners. Carbohydr Res 2021; 504:108317. [PMID: 33932806 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxylated alkaloids display a wide range of biological activities, suggesting their use in the treatment of various diseases. Their most famous representative, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), is a natural product that shows α- and β-glucosidase inhibition. This molecule has been since converted into two clinically approved drugs i.e., Zavesca® and Glyset®, targeting type I Gaucher's disease and type II diabetes mellitus, respectively. This review examines the therapeutic potential of important DNJ congeners reported in last decade and presents concise mechanism of glycosidase inhibition. A brief overview of substituents conjugation's impact on DNJ scaffold (including N-alkylated DNJ derivatives, mono-valent, di-valent and multivalent DNJ congeners, N-[5-(adamantan-1-yl-methoxy)-pentyl]-1-deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM) look alike DNJ based lipophilic derivatives, AMP-DNM based neoglycoconjugates, DNJ click derivatives with varying carboxylic acids and aromatic moieties, conjugates of DNJ and glucose, and N-bridged DNJ analogues) towards various enzymes such as α/β glucosidase, porcine trehalase, as F508del-CFTR correctors, α-mannosidase, human placental β-glucocerebrosidase, N370S β-GCase, α-amylase and insect trehalase as potent and selective inhibitors have been discussed with potential bioactivities, which can provide inspiration for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Iftikhar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Yinghong Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China.
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15
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Haukedal H, Freude KK. Implications of Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:625348. [PMID: 33519371 PMCID: PMC7838500 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.625348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide, and no cure is currently available. The major pathological hallmarks of AD are considered to be amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, generated by respectively APP processing and Tau phosphorylation. Recent evidence imply that glycosylation of these proteins, and a number of other AD-related molecules is altered in AD, suggesting a potential implication of this process in disease pathology. In this review we summarize the understanding of glycans in AD pathogenesis, and discuss how glycobiology can contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of AD, serving as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we look into the potential link between the emerging topic neuroinflammation and glycosylation, combining two interesting, and until recent years, understudied topics in the scope of AD. Lastly, we discuss how new model platforms such as induced pluripotent stem cells can be exploited and contribute to a better understanding of a rather unexplored area in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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16
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Riley NM, Bertozzi CR, Pitteri SJ. A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100029. [PMID: 33583771 PMCID: PMC8724846 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a prevalent, yet heterogeneous modification with a broad range of implications in molecular biology. This heterogeneity precludes enrichment strategies that can be universally beneficial for all glycan classes. Thus, choice of enrichment strategy has profound implications on experimental outcomes. Here we review common enrichment strategies used in modern mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic experiments, including lectins and other affinity chromatographies, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and its derivatives, porous graphitic carbon, reversible and irreversible chemical coupling strategies, and chemical biology tools that often leverage bioorthogonal handles. Interest in glycoproteomics continues to surge as mass spectrometry instrumentation and software improve, so this review aims to help equip researchers with the necessary information to choose appropriate enrichment strategies that best complement these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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17
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Tanaka T, Matsuura A, Aso Y, Ohara H. Aqueous One-pot Synthesis of Glycopolymers by Glycosidase-catalyzed Glycomonomer Synthesis Using 4,6-Dimetoxy Triazinyl Glycoside Followed by Radical Polymerization. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2020; 67:119-127. [PMID: 34354538 PMCID: PMC8116861 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2020_0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopolymers have attracted increased attention as functional polymeric materials, and simple methods for synthesizing glycopolymers remain needed. This paper reports the aqueous one-pot and chemoenzymatic synthesis of four types of glycopolymers via two reactions: the β-galactosidase-catalyzed glycomonomer synthesis using 4,6-dimetoxy triazinyl β-D-galactopyranoside and hydroxy group-containing (meth)acrylamide and (meth)acrylate derivatives as the activated glycosyl donor substrate and as the glycomonomer precursors, respectively, followed by radical copolymerization of the resulting glycomonomer and excess glycomonomer precursor without isolating the glycomonomers. The resulting glycopolymers bearing galactose moieties exhibited specific and strong interactions with the lectin peanut agglutinin as glycoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Ayane Matsuura
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Yuji Aso
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Hitomi Ohara
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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18
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Cuffaro D, Nuti E, D’Andrea F, Rossello A. Developments in Carbohydrate-Based Metzincin Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110376. [PMID: 33182755 PMCID: PMC7696829 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAMs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases belonging to the metzincin superfamily. Upregulation of metzincin activity is a major feature in many serious pathologies such as cancer, inflammations, and infections. In the last decades, many classes of small molecules have been developed directed to inhibit these enzymes. The principal shortcomings that have hindered clinical development of metzincin inhibitors are low selectivity for the target enzyme, poor water solubility, and long-term toxicity. Over the last 15 years, a novel approach to improve solubility and bioavailability of metzincin inhibitors has been the synthesis of carbohydrate-based compounds. This strategy consists of linking a hydrophilic sugar moiety to an aromatic lipophilic scaffold. This review aims to describe the development of sugar-based and azasugar-based derivatives as metzincin inhibitors and their activity in several pathological models.
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19
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Reszka M, Serdiuk IE, Kozakiewicz K, Nowacki A, Myszka H, Bojarski P, Liberek B. Influence of a 4'-substituent on the efficiency of flavonol-based fluorescent indicators of β-glycosidase activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7635-7648. [PMID: 32960207 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article presents novel fluorescent probes, based on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon and flavonols, sensitive to the action of specific glycosidases. 4'-Substituted flavonols were synthesized, using various approaches, and glycosylated with d-glucose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucuronic acid. Evaluation of the β-glycosidase activities was performed in neutral and acidic pH. In all the cases examined, an acidic environment accelerated enzymatic hydrolysis. It was demonstrated that the 4'-chloroflavonyl glycosides of all sugars tested, both in neutral and acidic pH, are the ones most sensitive to the presence of hydrolase. In turn, 4'-dimethylaminoflavonyl glucoside is not sensitive to glucosidase action at all. Generally, the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis increases as the electron-withdrawing nature of the 4'-substituent increases. An exception is the trifluoromethyl group which, in spite of having the most favourable Hammett constant, does not contribute enough to increase the rate of hydrolysis of its glucoside. The presented experimental results are supported by the electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis and related to the mechanisms of glycoside bond enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Reszka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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20
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A Long-Day Photoperiod and 6-Benzyladenine Promote Runner Formation through Upregulation of Soluble Sugar Content in Strawberry. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144917. [PMID: 32664642 PMCID: PMC7403970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial strawberries are mainly propagated using daughter plants produced on aerial runners because asexual propagation is faster than seed propagation, and daughter plants retain the characteristics of the mother plant. This study was conducted to investigate the effective factors for runner induction, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind the runner induction. An orthogonal test with 4 factors (photoperiod, temperature, gibberellin, and 6-benzyladenine), each with 3 levels was performed. Proteins were also extracted from the crowns with or without runners and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results of the orthogonal test showed that a long-day (LD) environment was the most influential factor for the runner formation, and 50 mg·L−1 of 6-BA significantly increased the number of runners. A proteomic analysis revealed that 32 proteins were differentially expressed (2-fold, p < 0.05) in the strawberry crowns with and without runners. A total of 16 spots were up-regulated in the crowns with runners induced by LD treatment. Identified proteins were classified into seven groups according to their biological roles. The most prominent groups were carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis, which indicated that the carbohydrate content may increase during runner formation. A further analysis demonstrated that the soluble sugar content was positively correlated with the number of runners. Thus, it is suggested that the photoperiod and 6-BA break the dormancy of the axillary buds and produce runners by increasing the soluble sugar content in strawberry.
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21
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Abstract
β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are retaining hydrolases of glycoside hydrolase family 20 (GH20). These enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylhexosamine residues, notably N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, in N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminides. In nature, bacterial β-N-acetylhexosaminidases are mainly involved in cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, analogously, fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidases act on cell wall chitin. The enzymes work via a distinct substrate-assisted mechanism that utilizes the 2-acetamido group as nucleophile. Curiously, the β-N-acetylhexosaminidases possess an inherent trans-glycosylation ability which is potentially useful for biocatalytic synthesis of functional carbohydrates, including biomimetic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides and other glycan-functionalized compounds. In this review, we summarize the reaction engineering approaches (donor substrate activation, additives, and reaction conditions) that have proven useful for enhancing trans-glycosylation activity of GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. We provide comprehensive overviews of reported synthesis reactions with GH20 enzymes, including tables that list the specific enzyme used, donor and acceptor substrates, reaction conditions, and details of the products and yields obtained. We also describe the active site traits and mutations that appear to favor trans-glycosylation activity of GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. Finally, we discuss novel protein engineering strategies and suggest potential “hotspots” for mutations to promote trans-glycosylation activity in GH20 for efficient synthesis of specific functional carbohydrates and other glyco-engineered products.
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22
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β-Galactosidases: A great tool for synthesizing galactose-containing carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Arnold ND, Brück WM, Garbe D, Brück TB. Enzymatic Modification of Native Chitin and Conversion to Specialty Chemical Products. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E93. [PMID: 32019265 PMCID: PMC7073968 DOI: 10.3390/md18020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Chitin is one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, occurring in crustacean shells and cell walls of fungi. While the polysaccharide is threatening to pollute coastal ecosystems in the form of accumulating shell-waste, it has the potential to be converted into highly profitable derivatives with applications in medicine, biotechnology, and wastewater treatment, among others. Traditionally this is still mostly done by the employment of aggressive chemicals, yielding low quality while producing toxic by-products. In the last decades, the enzymatic conversion of chitin has been on the rise, albeit still not on the same level of cost-effectiveness compared to the traditional methods due to its multi-step character. Another severe drawback of the biotechnological approach is the highly ordered structure of chitin, which renders it nigh impossible for most glycosidic hydrolases to act upon. So far, only the Auxiliary Activity 10 family (AA10), including lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), is known to hydrolyse native recalcitrant chitin, which spares the expensive first step of chemical or mechanical pre-treatment to enlarge the substrate surface. The main advantages of enzymatic conversion of chitin over conventional chemical methods are the biocompability and, more strikingly, the higher product specificity, product quality, and yield of the process. Products with a higher Mw due to no unspecific depolymerisation besides an exactly defined degree and pattern of acetylation can be yielded. This provides a new toolset of thousands of new chitin and chitosan derivatives, as the physio-chemical properties can be modified according to the desired application. This review aims to provide an overview of the biotechnological tools currently at hand, as well as challenges and crucial steps to achieve the long-term goal of enzymatic conversion of native chitin into specialty chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D. Arnold
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Wolfram M. Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
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Schmölzer K, Weingarten M, Baldenius K, Nidetzky B. Lacto-N-tetraose synthesis by wild-type and glycosynthase variants of the β-N-hexosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:5661-5665. [PMID: 31094393 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-biose 1,2-oxazoline was prepared chemo-enzymatically and shown to be a donor substrate for β-1,3-glycosylation of lactose by the wild-type and glycosynthase variants (D320E, D320A, Y419F) of Bifidobacterium bifidum β-N-hexosaminidase. Lacto-N-tetraose, a core structure of human milk oligosaccharides, was formed in 20-60% yield of donor substrate (up to 8 mM product titre), depending on the degree of selectivity control by the enzyme used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmölzer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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25
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Wang W, Gopal S, Pocock R, Xiao Z. Glycan Mimetics from Natural Products: New Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244604. [PMID: 31888221 PMCID: PMC6943557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide. Characterized by the functional loss and death of neurons, NDs lead to symptoms (dementia and seizures) that affect the daily lives of patients. In spite of extensive research into NDs, the number of approved drugs for their treatment remains limited. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new approaches for the prevention and treatment of NDs. Glycans (carbohydrate chains) are ubiquitous, abundant, and structural complex natural biopolymers. Glycans often covalently attach to proteins and lipids to regulate cellular recognition, adhesion, and signaling. The importance of glycans in both the developing and mature nervous system is well characterized. Moreover, glycan dysregulation has been observed in NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Therefore, glycans are promising but underexploited therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of glycans in NDs. We also discuss a number of natural products that functionally mimic glycans to protect neurons, which therefore represent promising new therapeutic approaches for patients with NDs.
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Arun G, Rajaram R, Kaleshkumar K, Gayathri N, Sivasudha T, Kandasamy S. Synergistic effect of novel chitosan combined metformin drug on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 153:1335-1349. [PMID: 31730994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is widely used as a frontline medicine of type-II diabetes. Frequent overdose side-effects and their consequent adversative need to be reduced. The novel source of marine hydrozoa, Thyroscyphus ramosus derived chitosan combined metformin drug was administrated to evaluate the antidiabetic potential on a high-fat diet (HFD) with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The primary analysis of In vitro antioxidant activity was tested for various solvent dissolved chitosan. Based on their IC50 dose values, CsnAA was chosen for further experiments. The chitosan was combined with metformin by sonication and confirmed through XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis. The enhanced activity was observed in 100 mg/kg metformin combined with CSN500mg/kg. The level of serum bilirubin, total protein, SGH, liver glycogen, Glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6- phosphatase values were significantly similar to metformin 300 mg/kg treated group. With this beneficiary, the novel chitosan was recommended to administrate with metformin to improve the drug efficacy and reduction of overdose lethal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Arun
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India.
| | - Karunanidhi Kaleshkumar
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Nambirajan Gayathri
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Thilagar Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Singaram Kandasamy
- Clinical Biochemistry Division, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Danvantrinagar, Puducherry 605006, India
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Weiz G, Mazzaferro LS, Kotik M, Neher BD, Halada P, Křen V, Breccia JD. The flavonoid degrading fungus Acremonium sp. DSM 24697 produces two diglycosidases with different specificities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9493-9504. [PMID: 31705182 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDiglycosidases hydrolyze the heterosidic linkage of diglycoconjugates, releasing the disaccharide and the aglycone. Usually, these enzymes do not hydrolyze or present only low activities towards monoglycosylated compounds. The flavonoid degrading fungus Acremonium sp. DSM 24697 produced two diglycosidases, which were termed 6-O-α-rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase I and II (αRβG I and II) because of their function of releasing the disaccharide rutinose (6-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-β-D-glucose) from the diglycoconjugates hesperidin or rutin. In this work, the genome of Acremonium sp. DSM 24697 was sequenced and assembled with a size of ~ 27 Mb. The genes encoding αRβG I and II were expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71 and the protein products were purified with apparent molecular masses of 42 and 82 kDa, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis showed that αRβG I grouped in glycoside hydrolase family 5, subfamily 23 (GH5), together with other fungal diglycosidases whose substrate specificities had been reported to be different from αRβG I. On the other hand, αRβG II grouped in glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) and thus is the first GH3 member that hydrolyzes the heterosidic linkage of rutinosylated compounds. The substrate scopes of the enzymes were different: αRβG I showed exclusive specificity toward 7-O-β-rutinosyl flavonoids, whereas αRβG II hydrolyzed both 7-O-β-rutinosyl- and 3-O-β-rutinosyl- flavonoids. None of the enzymes displayed activity toward 7-O-β-neohesperidosyl- flavonoids. The recombinant enzymes also exhibited transglycosylation activities, transferring rutinose from hesperidin or rutin onto various alcoholic acceptors. The different substrate scopes of αRβG I and II may be part of an optimized strategy of the original microorganism to utilize different carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Weiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Laura S Mazzaferro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Michael Kotik
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bárbara D Neher
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Petr Halada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Javier D Breccia
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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Toward Automated Enzymatic Glycan Synthesis in a Compartmented Flow Microreactor System. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases-the wizards of glycosylation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7869-7881. [PMID: 31401752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are a unique family of glycoside hydrolases with dual substrate specificity and a particular reaction mechanism. Though hydrolytic enzymes per se, their good stability, easy recombinant production, absolute stereoselectivity, and a broad substrate specificity predestine these enzymes for challenging applications in carbohydrate synthesis. This mini-review aims to demonstrate the catalytic potential of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases in a range of unusual reactions, processing of unnatural substrates, formation of unexpected products, and demanding reaction designs. The use of unconventional media can considerably alter the progress of transglycosylation reactions. By means of site-directed mutagenesis, novel catalytic machineries can be constructed. Glycosylation of difficult substrates such as sugar nucleotides was accomplished, and the range of afforded glycosidic bonds comprises unique non-reducing sugars. Specific functional groups may be tolerated in the substrate molecule, which makes β-N-acetylhexosaminidases invaluable allies in difficult synthetic problems.
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Cuffaro D, Landi M, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L. Preparation of 1,6-di-deoxy-d-galacto and 1,6-di-deoxy-l-altro nojirimycin derivatives by aminocyclization of a 1,5-dicarbonyl derivative. Carbohydr Res 2019; 482:107744. [PMID: 31306898 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iminosugars are known glycosidase inhibitors which are the subject of drug development efforts against several diseases. The access to structurally-related families of iminosugars is of primary importance for running structure-activity relationship studies. In this work, the double reductive amination (aminocyclization) reaction of a dicarbonyl derivative of the l-arabino series, in turn obtained from lactose, is reported. Different ratios of 1,6-di-deoxy-d-galacto and 1,6-di-deoxy-l-altro nojirimycin derivatives were obtained depending on the amine employed in this transformation which provided an insight into the effects of their structure on the outcome of the reaction. Of particular interest were the results obtained when two enantiomeric amino acids (d-Phe-OMe and l-Phe-OMe) were used, which resulted in the inversion of the reaction stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Landi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Srivastava N, Rathour R, Jha S, Pandey K, Srivastava M, Thakur VK, Sengar RS, Gupta VK, Mazumder PB, Khan AF, Mishra PK. Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E220. [PMID: 31174354 PMCID: PMC6627771 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Rishabh Rathour
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Sonam Jha
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Karan Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Rakesh Singh Sengar
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, U.P., India.
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | | | - Ahamad Faiz Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Bassanini I, Kapešová J, Petrásková L, Pelantová H, Markošová K, Rebroš M, Valentová K, Kotik M, Káňová K, Bojarová P, Cvačka J, Turková L, Ferrandi EE, Bayout I, Riva S, Křen V. Glycosidase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Glycosyl Esters and Phenolic Glycosides of Aromatic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento MolecolareConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 I 20131 Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 I 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Jana Kapešová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Markošová
- Institute of BiotechnologySlovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 SK 81237 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Martin Rebroš
- Institute of BiotechnologySlovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 SK 81237 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Michael Kotik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Káňová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 CZ 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Turková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Erica E. Ferrandi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento MolecolareConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 I 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Ikram Bayout
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento MolecolareConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 I 20131 Milano Italy
- Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE)Badji Mokhtar Annaba-University B.P. 12 23000 Annaba Algeria
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento MolecolareConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 I 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
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Yang L, Yang YL, Dong WH, Li W, Wang P, Cao X, Yuan JZ, Chen HQ, Mei WL, Dai HF. Sesquiterpenoids and 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones respectively acting as α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors from agarwood of an Aquilaria plant. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:853-862. [PMID: 31010356 PMCID: PMC6495113 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1576657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethyl ether extract of agarwood from an Aquilaria plant afforded six new sesquiterpenoids, Agarozizanol A − F (1−6), together with four known sesquiterpenoids and six known 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones. Their structures were elucidated via detailed spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction, and comparisons with the published data. All the isolates were evaluated for the α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities in vitro. Compounds 5, 7, 8, and 10 showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging between 112.3 ± 4.5 and 524.5 ± 2.7 µM (acarbose, 743. 4 ± 3.3 µM). Compounds 13 and 14 exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 89.0 ± 1.7 and 51.5 ± 0.6 µM, respectively (kojic acid, 46.1 ± 1.3). In the kinetic studies, compounds 5 and 14 were found to be uncompetitive inhibitors for α-glucosidase and mixed type inhibitors for tyrosinase, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations revealed the binding sites and interactions of the most active compounds with α-glucosidase and tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ling Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Dong
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,c Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,c Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,c Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Cao
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Zhe Yuan
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,c Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qin Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,c Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,c Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,b Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine , Haikou , People's Republic of China.,c Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood , Haikou , People's Republic of China
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Bojarová P, Kulik N, Slámová K, Hubálek M, Kotik M, Cvačka J, Pelantová H, Křen V. Selective β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus versicolor—a tool for producing bioactive carbohydrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1737-1753. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Porciúncula González C, Cagnoni AJ, Mariño KV, Fontana C, Saenz-Méndez P, Irazoqui G, Giacomini C. Enzymatic synthesis of non-natural trisaccharides and galactosides; Insights of their interaction with galectins as a function of their structure. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Uhrig ML, Lantaño B, Postigo A. Synthetic strategies for fluorination of carbohydrates. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5173-5189. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00405j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Different synthetic strategies for accomplishing regio- and stereoselective fluorinations of carbohydrate scaffolds are discussed in light of the biological implications arising from such substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- C1428EG Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Beatriz Lantaño
- Departmento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Junin 954 CP1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departmento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Junin 954 CP1113-Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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37
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Pachl P, Škerlová J, Šimčíková D, Kotik M, Křenková A, Mader P, Brynda J, Kapešová J, Křen V, Otwinowski Z, Řezáčová P. Crystal structure of native α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:1078-1084. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318013049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidases cleave terminal nonreducing α-L-rhamnosyl residues from many natural rhamnoglycosides. This makes them catalysts of interest for various biotechnological applications. The X-ray structure of the GH78 family α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus has been determined at 1.38 Å resolution using the sulfur single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing method. The protein was isolated from its natural source in the native glycosylated form, and the active site contained a glucose molecule, probably from the growth medium. In addition to its catalytic domain, the α-L-rhamnosidase from A. terreus contains four accessory domains of unknown function. The structural data suggest that two of these accessory domains, E and F, might play a role in stabilizing the aglycon portion of the bound substrate.
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Gabr MT. Antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and in vitro antitumor activities of coumarin-benzothiazole hybrids. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2018-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coumarin-benzothiazole hybrids are antitumor agents based on their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compounds 5a–c were selected by National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, to be screened for antitumor activity at a single dose (10 μm) against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. The most active compound 5c was further screened at a five-dose level by NCI. Compound 5c displays half maximal growth inhibition (GI50) values of 0.24 and 0.33 μm against central nervous system (CNS) cancer (SNB-75) and ovarian cancer (OVCAR-4) cell lines, respectively. Compounds 5a–c were also screened for their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications that profoundly affects the structure and functions of proteins in a wide variety of biological recognition events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycoproteins, usually resulting from the variations of glycan components and/or the sites of glycosylation, often complicates detailed structure-function relationship studies and hampers the therapeutic applications of glycoproteins. To address these challenges, various chemical and biological strategies have been developed for producing glycan-defined homogeneous glycoproteins. This review highlights recent advances in the development of chemoenzymatic methods for synthesizing homogeneous glycoproteins, including the generation of various glycosynthases for synthetic purposes, endoglycosidase-catalyzed glycoprotein synthesis and glycan remodeling, and direct enzymatic glycosylation of polypeptides and proteins. The scope, limitation, and future directions of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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40
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Gonzalez-Alfonso JL, Leemans L, Poveda A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Ballesteros AO, Plou FJ. Efficient α-Glucosylation of Epigallocatechin Gallate Catalyzed by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from Thermoanaerobacter Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7402-7408. [PMID: 29939740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of plant polyphenols may modulate their solubility and bioavailability and protect these molecules from oxygen, light degradation, and during gastrointestinal transit. In this work, the synthesis of various α-glucosyl derivatives of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, the predominant catechin in green tea, was performed in water at 50 °C by a transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Thermoanaerobacter sp. The molecular weight of reaction products was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Using hydrolyzed potato starch as a glucosyl donor, two main monoglucosides were obtained with conversion yields of 58 and 13%, respectively. The products were isolated and chemically characterized by combining two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The major derivative was epigallocatechin gallate 3'- O-α-d-glucopyranoside (1), and the minor derivative was epigallocatechin gallate 7- O-α-d-glucopyranoside (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Gonzalez-Alfonso
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Leemans
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Poveda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences , Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia , 48160 Derio , Biscay , Spain
| | - Jesús Jimenez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences , Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia , 48160 Derio , Biscay , Spain
- Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 13 , 48009 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Antonio O Ballesteros
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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Jayakody LN, Liu JJ, Yun EJ, Turner TL, Oh EJ, Jin YS. Direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and ethyl-β-d-glucoside via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2859-2868. [PMID: 30011361 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a sustainable solution to valorize cellulose into fuels and chemicals. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and a biodegradable surfactant, ethyl-β-d-glucoside, via an engineered yeast strain (i.e., strain EJ2) expressing heterologous cellodextrin transporter (CDT-1) and intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1) originating from Neurospora crassa. We identified the formation of ethyl-β-d-glucoside in SSF of cellulose by the EJ2 strain owing to transglycosylation activity of GH1-1. The EJ2 strain coproduced 0.34 ± 0.03 g ethanol/g cellulose and 0.06 ± 0.00 g ethyl-β-d-glucoside/g cellulose at a rate of 0.30 ± 0.02 g·L-1 ·h-1 and 0.09 ± 01 g·L-1 ·h-1 , respectively, during the SSF of Avicel PH-101 cellulose, supplemented only with Celluclast 1.5 L. Herein, we report a possible coproduction of a value-added chemical (alkyl-glucosides) during SSF of cellulose exploiting the transglycosylation activity of GH1-1 in engineered S. cerevisiae. This coproduction could have a substantial effect on the overall technoeconomic feasibility of theSSF of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru N Jayakody
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Eun Ju Yun
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Timothy Lee Turner
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eun Joong Oh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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42
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Dewhirst RA, Fry SC. Oxalyltransferase, a plant cell-wall acyltransferase activity, transfers oxalate groups from ascorbate metabolites to carbohydrates. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:743-757. [PMID: 29882267 PMCID: PMC6099474 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the plant apoplast, ascorbate is oxidised, via dehydroascorbic acid, to O-oxalyl esters [oxalyl-l-threonate (OxT) and cyclic oxalyl-l-threonate (cOxT)]. We tested whether OxT and cOxT can donate the oxalyl group in transacylation reactions to form oxalyl-polysaccharides, potentially modifying the cell wall. [oxalyl-14 C]OxT was incubated with living spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Arabidopsis cell-suspension cultures in the presence or absence of proposed acceptor substrates (carbohydrates). In addition, [14 C]OxT and [14 C]cOxT were incubated in vitro with cell-wall enzyme preparations plus proposed acceptor substrates. Radioactive products were monitored electrophoretically. Oxalyltransferase activity was detected. Living cells incorporated oxalate groups from OxT into cell-wall polymers via ester bonds. When sugars were added, [14 C]oxalyl-sugars were formed, in competition with OxT hydrolysis. Preferred acceptor substrates were carbohydrates possessing primary alcohols e.g. glucose. A model transacylation product, [14 C]oxalyl-glucose, was relatively stable in vivo (half-life >24 h), whereas [14 C]OxT underwent rapid turnover (half-life ~6 h). Ionically wall-bound enzymes catalysed similar transacylation reactions in vitro with OxT or cOxT as oxalyl donor substrates and any of a range of sugars or hemicelluloses as acceptor substrates. Glucosamine was O-oxalylated, not N-oxalylated. We conclude that plants possess apoplastic acyltransferase (oxalyltransferase) activity that transfers oxalyl groups from ascorbate catabolites to carbohydrates, forming relatively long-lived O-oxalyl-carbohydrates. The findings increase the range of known metabolites whose accumulation in vivo indicates vitamin C catabolism. Possible signalling roles of the resulting oxalyl-sugars can now be investigated, as can the potential ability of polysaccharide oxalylation to modify the wall's physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Dewhirst
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall GroupInstitute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3BFUK
- Present address:
wildFIRE labHatherly LaboratoriesPrince of Wales RoadUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Stephen C. Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall GroupInstitute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3BFUK
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43
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González-Alfonso JL, Rodrigo-Frutos D, Belmonte-Reche E, Peñalver P, Poveda A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ballesteros AO, Hirose Y, Polaina J, Morales JC, Fernández-Lobato M, Plou FJ. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Novel Pterostilbene α-Glucoside by the Combination of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase and Amyloglucosidase. Molecules 2018; 23:E1271. [PMID: 29799509 PMCID: PMC6100302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel α-glucosylated derivative of pterostilbene was performed by a transglycosylation reaction using starch as glucosyl donor, catalyzed by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Thermoanaerobacter sp. The reaction was carried out in a buffer containing 20% (v/v) DMSO to enhance the solubility of pterostilbene. Due to the formation of several polyglucosylated products with CGTase, the yield of monoglucoside was increased by the treatment with a recombinant amyloglucosidase (STA1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (var. diastaticus). This enzyme was not able to hydrolyze the linkage between the glucose and pterostilbene. The monoglucoside was isolated and characterized by combining ESI-MS and 2D-NMR methods. Pterostilbene α-d-glucopyranoside is a novel compound. The α-glucosylation of pterostilbene enhanced its solubility in water to approximately 0.1 g/L. The α-glucosylation caused a slight loss of antioxidant activity towards ABTS˙⁺ radicals. Pterostilbene α-d-glucopyranoside was less toxic than pterostilbene for human SH-S5Y5 neurons, MRC5 fibroblasts and HT-29 colon cancer cells, and similar for RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Rodrigo-Frutos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento Biología Molecular, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Efres Belmonte-Reche
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra", CSIC, PTS Granada, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Pablo Peñalver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra", CSIC, PTS Granada, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Poveda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain.
| | | | | | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan C Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra", CSIC, PTS Granada, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento Biología Molecular, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Kwan DH. Structure-Guided Directed Evolution of Glycosidases: A Case Study in Engineering a Blood Group Antigen-Cleaving Enzyme. Methods Enzymol 2018; 597:25-53. [PMID: 28935105 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Directed evolution is an incredibly powerful strategy for engineering enzyme function. Applying this approach to glycosidases offers enormous potential for the development of highly specialized tools in chemical glycobiology. Performing enzyme directed evolution requires the generation, by random mutagenesis, of mutant libraries from which large numbers of variant enzymes must be screened in high-throughput assays. A structure-guided "semirational" method for library creation allows researchers to target specific amino acid positions for mutagenesis, concentrating mutations where they might be most effective in order to produce mutant libraries of a manageable size, minimizing screening effort while maximizing the chances of finding improved mutants. Well-designed assays, which may use specially prepared substrates, enable efficient screening of these mutant libraries. This chapter will detail general methods in the structure-guided directed evolution of glycosidases, which have previously been employed in engineering a blood group antigen-cleaving enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Kwan
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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45
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Pote AR, Vannam R, Richard A, Gascón J, Peczuh MW. Formation of and Glycosylation with Per‐
O
‐Acetyl Septanosyl Halides: Rationalizing Complex Reactivity En Route to
p
‐Nitrophenyl Septanosides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya R. Pote
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Raghu Vannam
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Alissa Richard
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - José Gascón
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Mark W. Peczuh
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
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46
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Yuan S, Yin S, Liu M, Kong JQ. Isolation and characterization of a multifunctional flavonoid glycosyltransferase from Ornithogalum caudatum with glycosidase activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5886. [PMID: 29651040 PMCID: PMC5897352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are bidirectional biocatalysts catalyzing the glycosylation of diverse molecules. However, the extensive applications of GTs in glycosides formation are limited due to their requirements of expensive nucleotide diphosphate (NDP)-sugars or NDP as the substrates. Here, in an effort to characterize flexible GTs for glycodiversification of natural products, we isolated a cDNA, designated as OcUGT1 from Ornithogalum caudatum, which encoded a flavonoid GT that was able to catalyze the trans-glycosylation reactions, allowing the formation of glycosides without the additions of NDP-sugars or NDP. In addition, OcUGT1 was observed to exhibit additional five types of functions, including classical sugar transfer reaction and three reversible reactions namely NDP-sugar synthesis, sugars exchange and aglycons exchange reactions, as well as enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, suggesting OcUGT1 displays both glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities. Expression profiles revealed that the expression of OcUGT1 was development-dependent and affected by environmental factors. The unusual multifunctionality of OcUGT1 broadens the applicability of OcUGT1, thereby generating diverse carbohydrate-containing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sen Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Kong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China.
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47
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Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:737-746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Škerlová J, Bláha J, Pachl P, Hofbauerová K, Kukačka Z, Man P, Pompach P, Novák P, Otwinowski Z, Brynda J, Vaněk O, Řezáčová P. Crystal structure of native β‐
N
‐acetylhexosaminidase isolated from
Aspergillus oryzae
sheds light onto its substrate specificity, high stability, and regulation by propeptide. FEBS J 2017; 285:580-598. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Škerlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bláha
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hofbauerová
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kukačka
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
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49
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Song YH, Uddin Z, Jin YM, Li Z, Curtis-Long MJ, Kim KD, Cho JK, Park KH. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by geranylated flavonoids from Paulownia tomentosa. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1195-1202. [PMID: 28933230 PMCID: PMC6010085 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1368502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase are important targets to treat obesity and diabetes, due to their deep correlation with insulin and leptin signalling, and glucose regulation. The methanol extract of Paulownia tomentosa fruits showed potent inhibition against both enzymes. Purification of this extract led to eight geranylated flavonoids (1-8) displaying dual inhibition of PTP1B and α-glucosidase. The isolated compounds were identified as flavanones (1-5) and dihydroflavonols (6-8). Inhibitory potencies of these compounds varied accordingly, but most of the compounds were highly effective against PTP1B (IC50 = 1.9-8.2 μM) than α-glucosidase (IC50 = 2.2-78.9 μM). Mimulone (1) was the most effective against PTP1B with IC50 = 1.9 μM, whereas 6-geranyl-3,3',5,5',7-pentahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavane (8) displayed potent inhibition against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 2.2 μM). All inhibitors showed mixed type Ι inhibition toward PTP1B, and were noncompetitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase. This mixed type behavior against PTP1B was fully demonstrated by showing a decrease in Vmax, an increase of Km, and Kik/Kiv ratio ranging between 2.66 and 3.69.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hun Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zia Uddin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Jin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zuopeng Li
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Keun Cho
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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50
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Ge L, Xie J, Wu T, Zhang S, Zhao L, Ding G, Wang Z, Xiao W. Purification and characterisation of a novel α-L-rhamnosidase exhibiting transglycosylating activity from Aspergillus oryzae. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jingcong Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Tao Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 159 Long Pan Road Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Gang Ding
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; 58 Haichang South Road Lianyungang Jiangsu 222001 China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; 58 Haichang South Road Lianyungang Jiangsu 222001 China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; 58 Haichang South Road Lianyungang Jiangsu 222001 China
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