1
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Wang JX, Vilbert AC, Cui C, Mirts EN, Williams LH, Kim W, Jessie Zhang Y, Lu Y. Increasing Reduction Potentials of Type 1 Copper Center and Catalytic Efficiency of Small Laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor through Secondary Coordination Sphere Mutations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314019. [PMID: 37926680 PMCID: PMC10842694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The key to type 1 copper (T1Cu) function lies in the fine tuning of the CuII/I reduction potential (E°'T1Cu ) to match those of its redox partners, enabling efficient electron transfer in a wide range of biological systems. While the secondary coordination sphere (SCS) effects have been used to tune E°'T1Cu in azurin over a wide range, these principles are yet to be generalized to other T1Cu-containing proteins to tune catalytic properties. To this end, we have examined the effects of Y229F, V290N and S292F mutations around the T1Cu of small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor to match the high E°'T1Cu of fungal laccases. Using ultraviolet-visible absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, together with X-ray crystallography and redox titrations, we have probed the influence of SCS mutations on the T1Cu and corresponding E°'T1Cu . While minimal and small E°'T1Cu increases are observed in Y229F- and S292F-SLAC, the V290N mutant exhibits a major E°'T1Cu increase. Moreover, the influence of these mutations on E°'T1Cu is additive, culminating in a triple mutant Y229F/V290N/S292F-SLAC with the highest E°'T1Cu of 556 mV vs. SHE reported to date. Further activity assays indicate that all mutants retain oxygen reduction reaction activity, and display improved catalytic efficiencies (kcat /KM ) relative to WT-SLAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Avery C Vilbert
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Evan N Mirts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas H Williams
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Wantae Kim
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Y Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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2
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Zhou M, Fakayode OA, Ren M, Li H, Liang J, Yagoub AEA, Fan Z, Zhou C. Laccase-catalyzed lignin depolymerization in deep eutectic solvents: challenges and prospects. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:21. [PMID: 38647951 PMCID: PMC10992038 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin has enormous potential as a renewable feedstock for depolymerizing to numerous high-value chemicals. However, lignin depolymerization is challenging owing to its recalcitrant, heterogenous, and limited water-soluble nature. From the standpoint of environmental friendliness and sustainability, enzymatic depolymerization of lignin is of great significance. Notably, laccases play an essential role in the enzymatic depolymerization of lignin and are considered the ultimate green catalysts. Deep eutectic solvent (DES), an efficient media in biocatalysis, are increasingly recognized as the newest and utmost green solvent that highly dissolves lignin. This review centers on a lignin depolymerization strategy by harnessing the good lignin fractionating capability of DES and the high substrate and product selectivity of laccase. Recent progress and insights into the laccase-DES interactions, protein engineering strategies for improving DES compatibility with laccase, and controlling the product selectivity of lignin degradation by laccase or in DES systems are extensively provided. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of the alliance between DES and laccase for lignin depolymerization are discussed. The collaboration of laccase and DES provides a great opportunity to develop an enzymatic route for lignin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, 520001, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Manni Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhiliang Fan
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Blaschek L, Murozuka E, Serk H, Ménard D, Pesquet E. Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:889-909. [PMID: 36449969 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.04.490011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants reinforce the cell walls of the different xylem cell types with lignin phenolic polymers. Distinct lignin chemistries differ between each cell wall layer and each cell type to support their specific functions. Yet the mechanisms controlling the tight spatial localization of specific lignin chemistries remain unclear. Current hypotheses focus on control by monomer biosynthesis and/or export, while cell wall polymerization is viewed as random and nonlimiting. Here, we show that combinations of multiple individual laccases (LACs) are nonredundantly and specifically required to set the lignin chemistry in different cell types and their distinct cell wall layers. We dissected the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana LAC4, 5, 10, 12, and 17 by generating quadruple and quintuple loss-of-function mutants. Loss of these LACs in different combinations led to specific changes in lignin chemistry affecting both residue ring structures and/or aliphatic tails in specific cell types and cell wall layers. Moreover, we showed that LAC-mediated lignification has distinct functions in specific cell types, waterproofing fibers, and strengthening vessels. Altogether, we propose that the spatial control of lignin chemistry depends on different combinations of LACs with nonredundant activities immobilized in specific cell types and cell wall layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Delphine Ménard
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Renfeld ZV, Chernykh AM, Egorova Shebanova AD, Baskunov BP, Gaidina AS, Myasoedova NM, Moiseeva OV, Kolomytseva MP. The Laccase of Myrothecium roridum VKM F-3565: A New Look at Fungal Laccase Tolerance to Neutral and Alkaline Conditions. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200600. [PMID: 36513608 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of the currently known fungal laccases show their maximum activity under acidic environmental conditions. It is known that a decrease in the activity of a typical laccase at neutral or alkaline pH values is the result of an increase in the binding of the hydroxide anion to the T2/T3 copper center, which prevents the transfer of an electron from the T1 Cu to the trinuclear copper center. However, evolutionary pressure has resolved the existing limitations in the catalytic mechanism of laccase, allowing such enzymes to be functionally active under neutral/alkaline pH conditions, thereby giving fungi an advantage for their survival. Combined molecular and biochemical studies, homological modeling, calculation of the electrostatic potential on the Connolly surface at pH 5.0 and 7.0, and structural analysis of the novel alkaliphilic laccase of Myrothecium roridum VKM F-3565 and alkaliphilic and acidophilic fungal laccases with a known structure allowed a new intramolecular channel near the one of the catalytic aspartate residues at T2-copper atom to be found. The amino acid residues of alkaliphilic laccases forming this channel can presumably serve as proton donors for catalytic aspartates under neutral conditions, thus ensuring proper functioning. For the first time for ascomycetous laccases, the production of new trimeric products of phenylpropanoid condensation under neutral conditions has been shown, which could have a potential for use in pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna V Renfeld
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey M Chernykh
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Anna D Egorova Shebanova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Boris P Baskunov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasya S Gaidina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Nina M Myasoedova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Moiseeva
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Marina P Kolomytseva
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
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5
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Multicopper oxidases with laccase-ferroxidase activity: Classification and study of ferroxidase activity determinants in a member from Heterobasidion annosum s. l.. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1041-1053. [PMID: 36733701 PMCID: PMC9880977 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-copper oxidases (MCO) share a common molecular architecture and the use of copper ions as cofactors to reduce O2 to H2O, but show high sequence heterogeneity and functional diversity. Many new emerging MCO genes are wrongly annotated as laccases, the largest group of MCOs, with the widest range of biotechnological applications (particularly those from basidiomycete fungi) due to their ability to oxidise aromatic compounds and lignin. Thus, comprehensive studies for a better classification and structure-function characterisation of MCO families are required. Laccase-ferroxidases (LAC-FOXs) constitute a separate and unexplored group of MCOs with proposed dual features between laccases and ferroxidases. We aim to better define this cluster and the structural determinants underlying putative hybrid activity. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the LAC-FOXs from basidiomycete fungi, that resulted in two subgroups. This division seemed to correlate with the presence or absence of some of the three acidic residues responsible for ferroxidase activity in Fet3p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these LAC-FOXs (with only one of these residues) from the fungus Heterobasidion annosum s. l. (HaLF) was synthesised, heterologously expressed and characterised to evaluate its catalytic activity. HaLF oxidised typical laccase substrates (phenols, aryl amines and N-heterocycles), but no Fe (II). The enzyme was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis to determine the key residues that confer ferroxidase activity. The mutated HaLF variant with full restoration of the three acidic residues exhibited efficient ferroxidase activity, while it partially retained the wide-range oxidative activity of the native enzyme associated to laccases sensu stricto.
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6
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Yang T, Wang Y, Li D, Chen J, Zhang Q. Regenerable Graft of Laccase on Glycosylated Membrane for Treatment of Aquatic Micropollutants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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7
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Bai H, Yang Y, Yuan H, Liu X, Ni C. Preparation of Fe 3O 4@Fe(0) immobilized enzyme to enhance the efficient degradation of methoxychlor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:917-929. [PMID: 35908032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of methoxychlor (MXC) in soil and wastewater is considered a nonnegligible environmental threat. Herein, Fe3O4@Fe(0) was obtained by NaBH4 reduction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and served as a carrier for laccase to construct catalyst. The catalyst was evaluated for the degradation of MXC in treated wastewater and soil with 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) being used as cocatalyst. The removal rate of MXC in wastewater and soil was found to be 89% and 88% in optimum conditions, and the influences of initial MXC concentration, pH, and temperature on the degradation rate were evaluated. The metabolites including 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, and n-pentane of MXC were identified, and possible degradation mechanisms were proposed. Overall, this work successfully demonstrates not only the ability to degrade MXC in different circumstances but also provides a new idea for environmental remediation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Bai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Hongming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiangnong Liu
- Analysis Test Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chaoying Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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8
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Current Challenges for Biological Treatment of Pharmaceutical-Based Contaminants with Oxidoreductase Enzymes: Immobilization Processes, Real Aqueous Matrices and Hybrid Techniques. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101489. [PMID: 36291698 PMCID: PMC9599273 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide access to pharmaceuticals and their continuous release into the environment have raised a serious global concern. Pharmaceuticals remain active even at low concentrations, therefore their occurrence in waterbodies may lead to successive deterioration of water quality with adverse impacts on the ecosystem and human health. To address this challenge, there is currently an evolving trend toward the search for effective methods to ensure efficient purification of both drinking water and wastewater. Biocatalytic transformation of pharmaceuticals using oxidoreductase enzymes, such as peroxidase and laccase, is a promising environmentally friendly solution for water treatment, where fungal species have been used as preferred producers due to their ligninolytic enzymatic systems. Enzyme-catalyzed degradation can transform micropollutants into more bioavailable or even innocuous products. Enzyme immobilization on a carrier generally increases its stability and catalytic performance, allowing its reuse, being a promising approach to ensure applicability to an industrial scale process. Moreover, coupling biocatalytic processes to other treatment technologies have been revealed to be an effective approach to achieve the complete removal of pharmaceuticals. This review updates the state-of-the-art of the application of oxidoreductases enzymes, namely laccase, to degrade pharmaceuticals from spiked water and real wastewater. Moreover, the advances concerning the techniques used for enzyme immobilization, the operation in bioreactors, the use of redox mediators, the application of hybrid techniques, as well as the discussion of transformation mechanisms and ending toxicity, are addressed.
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9
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Barber-Zucker S, Mateljak I, Goldsmith M, Kupervaser M, Alcalde M, Fleishman SJ. Designed High-Redox Potential Laccases Exhibit High Functional Diversity. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13164-13173. [PMID: 36366766 PMCID: PMC9638991 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
White-rot fungi secrete an impressive repertoire of high-redox
potential laccases (HRPLs) and peroxidases for efficient oxidation
and utilization of lignin. Laccases are attractive enzymes for the
chemical industry due to their broad substrate range and low environmental
impact. Since expression of functional recombinant HRPLs is challenging,
however, iterative-directed evolution protocols have been applied
to improve their expression, activity, and stability. We implement
a rational, stabilize-and-diversify strategy to two HRPLs that we
could not functionally express. First, we use the PROSS stability-design
algorithm to allow functional expression in yeast. Second, we use
the stabilized enzymes as starting points for FuncLib active-site
design to improve their activity and substrate diversity. Four of
the FuncLib-designed HRPLs and their PROSS progenitor exhibit substantial
diversity in reactivity profiles against high-redox potential substrates,
including lignin monomers. Combinations of 3–4 subtle mutations
that change the polarity, solvation, and sterics of the substrate-oxidation
site result in orders of magnitude changes in reactivity profiles.
These stable and versatile HRPLs are a step toward generating an effective
lignin-degrading consortium of enzymes that can be secreted from yeast.
The stabilize-and-diversify strategy can be applied to other challenging
enzyme families to study and expand the utility of natural enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Barber-Zucker
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600001, Israel
| | - Ivan Mateljak
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- EvoEnzyme S.L., Parque Científico de Madrid, C/Faraday, 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600001, Israel
| | - Meital Kupervaser
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600001, Israel
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sarel J. Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600001, Israel
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10
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Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third most plentiful biopolymer after other lignocellulosic derivates such as cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin carries abundant potential as a substitute for petroleum-based products. However, the efficient, practical, value-added product valorization of lignin remains quite challenging. Although several studies have reviewed the valorization of lignin by microorganisms, this present review covers recent studies on the valorization of lignin by employing yeast to obtain products such as single-cell oils (SCOs), enzymes, and other chemical compounds. The use of yeasts has been found to be suitable for the biological conversion of lignin and might provide new insights for future research to develop a yeast strain for lignin to produce other valuable chemical compounds.
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11
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Structural Properties, Genomic Distribution of Laccases from Streptomyces and Their Potential Applications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Daneshamouz S, Saadati S, Abdelrasoul A. Molecular docking study of biocompatible enzyme interactions for removal of indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) protein bound uremic toxins. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Zovo K, Pupart H, Van Wieren A, Gillilan RE, Huang Q, Majumdar S, Lukk T. Substitution of the Methionine Axial Ligand of the T1 Copper for the Fungal-like Phenylalanine Ligand (M298F) Causes Local Structural Perturbations that Lead to Thermal Instability and Reduced Catalytic Efficiency of the Small Laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6184-6194. [PMID: 35224382 PMCID: PMC8867573 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many industrial processes operate at elevated temperatures or within broad pH and salinity ranges. However, the utilization of enzymes to carry out biocatalysis in such processes is often impractical or even impossible. Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2), which constitute a large family of multicopper oxidases, have long been used in the industrial setting. Although fungal laccases are in many respects considered superior to their bacterial counterparts, the bacterial laccases have been receiving greater attention recently. Albeit lower in redox potential than fungal laccases, bacterial laccases are commonly thermally more stable, act within broader pH ranges, do not contain posttranslational modifications, and could therefore serve as a high potential scaffold for directed evolution for the production of enzymes with enhanced properties. Several examples focusing on the axial ligand mutations of the T1 copper site have been published in the past. However, structural evidence on the local and global changes induced by those mutations have thus far been of computational nature only. In this study, we set out to structurally and kinetically characterize a few of the most commonly reported axial ligand mutations of a bacterial small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor. While one of the mutations (Met to Leu) equips the enzyme with better thermal stability, the other (Met to Phe) induces an opposite effect. These mutations cause local structural rearrangement of the T1 site as demonstrated by X-ray crystallography. Our analysis confirms past findings that for SLACs, single point mutations that change the identity of the axial ligand of the T1 copper are not enough to provide a substantial increase in the catalytic efficiency but can in some cases have a detrimental effect on the enzyme's thermal stability parameters instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairit Zovo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Hegne Pupart
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Arie Van Wieren
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics and Engineering, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705, United States
| | - Richard E. Gillilan
- MacCHESS
(Macromolecular Diffraction Facility at CHESS), Cornell University, 161 Synchrotron Drive, Ithaca, New York 14850, United
States
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- MacCHESS
(Macromolecular Diffraction Facility at CHESS), Cornell University, 161 Synchrotron Drive, Ithaca, New York 14850, United
States
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics and Engineering, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705, United States
| | - Tiit Lukk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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14
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Lee AC, Ibrahim MF, Abd‐Aziz S. Lignin‐Degrading Enzymes. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:179-198. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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15
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Loi M, Glazunova O, Fedorova T, Logrieco AF, Mulè G. Fungal Laccases: The Forefront of Enzymes for Sustainability. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1048. [PMID: 34947030 PMCID: PMC8708107 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis is one of the main pillars of sustainability for industrial production. Enzyme application allows minimization of the use of toxic solvents and to valorize the agro-industrial residues through reuse. In addition, they are safe and energy efficient. Nonetheless, their use in biotechnological processes is still hindered by the cost, stability, and low rate of recycling and reuse. Among the many industrial enzymes, fungal laccases (LCs) are perfect candidates to serve as a biotechnological tool as they are outstanding, versatile catalytic oxidants, only requiring molecular oxygen to function. LCs are able to degrade phenolic components of lignin, allowing them to efficiently reuse the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of enzymes, bioactive compounds, or clean energy, while minimizing the use of chemicals. Therefore, this review aims to give an overview of fungal LC, a promising green and sustainable enzyme, its mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, and solutions for its use as a tool to reduce the environmental and economic impact of industrial processes with a particular insight on the reuse of agro-wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Loi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Olga Glazunova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Tatyana Fedorova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.L.)
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16
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Kontro J, Lyra C, Koponen M, Kuuskeri J, Kähkönen MA, Wallenius J, Wan X, Sipilä J, Mäkelä MR, Nousiainen P, Hildén K. Production of Recombinant Laccase From Coprinopsis cinerea and Its Effect in Mediator Promoted Lignin Oxidation at Neutral pH. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:767139. [PMID: 34858962 PMCID: PMC8630700 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.767139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidases that use molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor to oxidize phenolic and indirectly also non-phenolic substrates by mechanisms involving radicals. Due to their eco-friendliness and broad substrate specificity, laccases span a wide range of biotechnological applications. We have heterologously expressed a laccase from the coprophilic basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea (CcLcc9) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant CcLcc9 (rCcLcc9) oxidized 2,6-dimethoxyphenol in the neutral pH range, and showed thermostability up to 70°C. The rCcLcc9 efficiently oxidized veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde in the presence of low molecular weight mediators syringyl nitrile, methyl syringate and violuric acid, which are syringyl-type plant phenolics that have shown potential as natural co-oxidants for lignocellulosic materials. In addition, rCcLcc9 is able to depolymerize biorefinery hardwood lignin in the presence of methyl syringate and syringyl nitrile as indicated by gel permeation chromatography, and infrared spectral and nucleic magnetic resonance analyses. Furthermore, we showed that several added-value aromatic compounds, such as vanillin, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, were formed during sequential biocatalytic chemical degradation of biorefinery lignin, indicating that rCcLcc9 harbors a great potential for sustainable processes of circular economy and modern biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Kontro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina Lyra
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Koponen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Kuuskeri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika A Kähkönen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Wallenius
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Nousiainen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Si J, Wu Y, Ma HF, Cao YJ, Sun YF, Cui BK. Selection of a pH- and temperature-stable laccase from Ganoderma australe and its application for bioremediation of textile dyes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113619. [PMID: 34467865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of screening, purification, and properties characterization, this study captures a new pH- and temperature-stable laccase, designated Galacc-F, from Ganoderma australe for dye bioremediating applications. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, ionic exchange, and size exclusion chromatography with a final specific activity of 22.214 U mg-1, yielding a purification fold of 23.989 and recovery of 38.44%. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 48.0 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, zymography, Sephadex G-100 column, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which confirmed its monomeric nature. Galacc-F exhibited high levels of activity and stability over wide ranges of pH (5.0-8.0) and temperature (10-60 °C), which are highly valuable properties in industrial processes. Broad substrate specificity was observed, wherein a better affinity was found for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with a low value of Km (164.137 μM) and higher kcat/Km ratio (1.663 s-1 μM-1). Activity was stimulated by Cu2+ and β-mercaptoethanol but inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylpyrocarbonate, iodoacetic acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and Hg2+, indicating that Galacc-F is a metalloprotease containing a typical histidine-cysteine-serine catalytic triad. It had high tolerance to surfactants, oxidants, and salts. Additionally, a fabricated protocol for native Galacc-F immobilization onto Fe3O4@Chitosan composite nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker was developed. Most importantly, the enzyme was determined to be ideal for use in efficient treatment of dye effluents as compared with the laccases requiring redox mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Fei Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong-Jia Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Fei Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bao-Kai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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18
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Vilbert AC, Liu Y, Dai H, Lu Y. Recent advances in tuning redox properties of electron transfer centers in metalloenzymes catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction and H 2 oxidation important for fuel cells design. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021; 30:100780. [PMID: 34435160 PMCID: PMC8382256 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current fuel-cell catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and H2 oxidation use precious metals and, for ORR, require high overpotentials. In contrast, metalloenzymes perform their respective reaction at low overpotentials using earth-abundant metals, making metalloenzymes ideal candidates for inspiring electrocatalytic design. Critical to the success of these enzymes are redox-active metal centers surrounding the enzyme active sites that ensure fast electron transfer (ET) to or away from the active site, by tuning the catalytic potential of the reaction as observed in multicopper oxidases but also in dictating the catalytic bias of the reaction as realized in hydrogenases. This review summarizes recent advances in studying these ET centers in multicopper oxidases and heme-copper oxidases that perform ORR and hydrogenases in carrying out H2 oxidation. Insights gained from understanding how the reduction potential of the ET centers effects reactivity at the active site in both the enzymes and their models are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Huiguang Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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19
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A Islam ST, Zhang J, Tonin F, Hinderks R, Deurloo YN, Urlacher VB, Hagedoorn PL. Isothermal titration calorimetric assessment of lignin conversion by laccases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:493-503. [PMID: 34796477 PMCID: PMC9299204 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization may offer a sustainable approach to achieve a chemical industry that is not completely dependent on fossil resources for the production of aromatics. However, lignin is a recalcitrant, heterogeneous, and complex polymeric compound for which only very few catalysts can act in a predictable and reproducible manner. Laccase is one of those catalysts and has often been referred to as an ideal “green” catalyst, as it is able to oxidize various linkages within lignin to release aromatic products, with the use of molecular oxygen and formation of water as the only side product. The extent and rate of laccase‐catalyzed lignin conversion were measured using the label‐free analytical technique isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). IITC provides the molar enthalpy of the reaction, which reflects the extent of conversion and the time‐dependent power trace, which reflects the rate of the reaction. Calorimetric assessment of the lignin conversion brought about by various fungal and bacterial laccases in the absence of mediators showed marked differences in the extent and rate of conversion for the different enzymes. Kraft lignin conversion by Trametes versicolor laccase followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics and was characterized by the following thermodynamic and kinetic parameters ΔHITC = −(2.06 ± 0.06)·103 kJ mol−1, KM = 6.6 ± 1.2 μM and Vmax = 0.30 ± 0.02 U/mg at 25°C and pH 6.5. We envision calorimetric techniques as important tools for the development of enzymatic lignin valorization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams T A Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing, Storage and Transportation of Characterized Agro-Products, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hinderks
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yanthi N Deurloo
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vlada B Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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20
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Blaschek L, Pesquet E. Phenoloxidases in Plants-How Structural Diversity Enables Functional Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754601. [PMID: 34659324 PMCID: PMC8517187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of polyphenolic polymers is essential to the development and response to environmental changes of organisms from all kingdoms of life, but shows particular diversity in plants. In contrast to other biopolymers, whose polymerisation is catalysed by homologous gene families, polyphenolic metabolism depends on phenoloxidases, a group of heterogeneous oxidases that share little beyond the eponymous common substrate. In this review, we provide an overview of the differences and similarities between phenoloxidases in their protein structure, reaction mechanism, substrate specificity, and functional roles. Using the example of laccases (LACs), we also performed a meta-analysis of enzyme kinetics, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and machine-learning based protein structure modelling to link functions, evolution, and structures in this group of phenoloxidases. With these approaches, we generated a framework to explain the reported functional differences between paralogs, while also hinting at the likely diversity of yet undescribed LAC functions. Altogether, this review provides a basis to better understand the functional overlaps and specificities between and within the three major families of phenoloxidases, their evolutionary trajectories, and their importance for plant primary and secondary metabolism.
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21
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Kesebir AÖ, Kılıç D, Şişecioğlu M, Adıgüzel A, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Recombinant laccase production from Bacillus licheniformis O12: Characterization and its application for dye decolorization. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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de Jesus Fontes B, Kleingesinds EK, Giovanella P, Junior AP, Sette LD. Laccases produced by Peniophora from marine and terrestrial origin: A comparative study. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Ren L, Ji H, Heuzé K, Faure B, Genin E, Rousselot Pailley P, Tron T. Modulation of laccase catalysed oxidations at the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111963. [PMID: 34293579 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We explored the coupling of laccases to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different surface chemical coating. Two laccase variants offering two opposite and precise orientations of the substrate oxidation site were immobilised onto core-shell MNPs presenting either aliphatic aldehyde, aromatic aldehyde or azide functional groups at the particles surface. Oxidation capabilities of the six-resulting laccase-MNP hybrids were compared on ABTS and coniferyl alcohol. Herein, we show that the original interfaces created differ substantially in their reactivities with an amplitude from 1 to > 4 folds depending on the nature of the substrate. Taking enzyme orientation into account in the design of surface modification represents a way to introduce selectivity in laccase catalysed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Hongtao Ji
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5255, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Karine Heuzé
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5255, 33405 Talence cedex, France.
| | - Bruno Faure
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Genin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5255, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | | | - Thierry Tron
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
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24
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Liu S, Liu H, Shen C, Fang W, Xiao Y, Fang Z. Comparison of performances of different fungal laccases in delignification and detoxification of alkali-pretreated corncob for bioethanol production. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6132310. [PMID: 33693714 PMCID: PMC9113415 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The performance of the alkaline fungal laccase PIE5 (pH 8.5) in the
delignification and detoxification of alkali-pretreated corncob to produce
bioethanol was evaluated and compared with that of the neutral counterpart
(rLcc9, 6.5), with the acidic laccase rLacA (4.0) was used as an independent
control. Treatment with the three laccases facilitated bioethanol production
compared with their respective controls. The lignin contents of
alkali-pretreated corncob reduced from 4.06%, 5.06%, and
7.80% to 3.44%, 3.95%, and 5.03%, after PIE5, rLcc9,
and rLacA treatment, respectively. However, the performances of the laccases
were in the order rLacA > rLcc9 > PIE5
in terms of decreasing total phenol concentration (0.18, 0.36, and
0.67 g/l), boosting ethanol concentration (8.02, 7.51, and
7.31 g/l), and volumetric ethanol productivity (1.34, 0.94, and
0.91 g/l hr), and shortening overall fermentation time. Our
results would inform future attempts to improve laccases for ethanol production.
Furthermore, based on our data and the fact that additional procedures, such as
pH adjustment, are needed during neutral/alkaline fungal laccase treatment, we
suggest acidic fungal laccases may be a better choice than neutral/alkaline
fungal laccases in bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Chen Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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25
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Aza P, Molpeceres G, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Camarero S. Heterologous Expression, Engineering and Characterization of a Novel Laccase of Agrocybe pediades with Promising Properties as Biocatalyst. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:359. [PMID: 34064437 PMCID: PMC8147764 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricomycetes fungi responsible for decay of wood and other lignocellulosic substrates constitute a valuable source of lignin-degrading enzymes. Among these enzymes, laccases (multi-copper oxidases) present remarkable biotechnological potential as environmentally friendly biocatalysts able to oxidize a wide range of aromatic compounds using oxygen as the only requirement. Laccases from saprotrophic Agaricales species have been much less studied than laccases from Polyporales, despite the fact that the former fungi are excellent sources of laccases. Here, the gene of a novel laccase of Agrocybe pediades, that is secreted by the fungus during lignocellulose degradation, was synthesised de novo and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using an improved signal peptide previously obtained and enzyme directed evolution. The characterization of the new laccase variants provided new insights on the contribution of different amino acid residues to modulate laccase production, catalytic activity or optimal pH. The selected double-mutated variant also showed interesting properties as a biocatalyst, such as the ability to oxidise a wide range of substrates, including high-redox potential mediators and recalcitrant organic dyes, improved activity at neutral pH and high tolerance to inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of three N-glycosylation sites in the laccase and their distinct effect on the secretion or catalytic activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (G.M.); (F.J.R.-D.)
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26
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Chiadò A, Bosco F, Bardelli M, Simonelli L, Pedotti M, Marmo L, Varani L. Rational engineering of the lccβ T. versicolor laccase for the mediator-less oxidation of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2213-2222. [PMID: 33995914 PMCID: PMC8099718 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational-assisted protein engineering of the binding pocket of laccases. Mutants have activity increased up to ~ 300% in a broader pH range compared to the WT. Enhanced activity towards bulky PAHs in comparison to the WT enzyme. Ability to oxidize harmful PAH model compounds (dyes) that the WT enzyme cannot modify. Higher oxidation levels without mediators compared to the WT laccase with mediators.
Laccases are among the most sought-after biocatalyst for many green applications, from biosensors to pollution remedial, because they simply need oxygen from the air to oxidize and degrade a broad range of substrates. However, natural laccases cannot process large and toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) except in the presence of small molecules, called mediators, which facilitate the reaction but are inconvenient for practical on-field applications. Here we exploited structure-based protein engineering to generate rationally modified fungal laccases with increased ability to process bulky PAHs even in a mediator-less reaction. Computational simulations were used to estimate the impact of mutations in the enzymatic binding pocket on the ability to bind and oxidize a selected set of organic compounds. The most promising mutants were produced and their activity was evaluated by biochemical assays with phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. Mutant laccases engineered with a larger binding pocket showed enhanced activity (up to ~ 300% at pH 3.0) in a wider range of pH values (3.0–8.0) in comparison to the wild type enzyme. In contrast to the natural laccase, these mutants efficiently degraded bulky and harmful triphenylmethane dyes such as Ethyl Green (up to 91.64% after 24 h), even in the absence of mediators, with positive implications for the use of such modified laccases in many green chemistry processes (e.g. wastewater treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Chiadò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso, Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso, Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Bardelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Simonelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Pedotti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Marmo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso, Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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27
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Sun K, Li S, Si Y, Huang Q. Advances in laccase-triggered anabolism for biotechnology applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:969-993. [PMID: 33818232 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1895053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive overview of laccase-triggered anabolism from fundamental theory to biotechnology applications. Laccase is a typical biological oxidordeuctase that induces the one-electronic transfer of diverse substrates for engendering four phenoxy radicals with concomitant reduction of O2 into 2H2O. In vivo, laccase can participate in anabolic processes to create multifarious functional biopolymers such as fungal pigments, plant lignins, and insect cuticles, using mono/polyphenols and their derivatives as enzymatic substrates, and is thus conducive to biological tissue morphogenesis and global carbon storage. Exhilaratingly, fungal laccase has high redox potential (E° = 500-800 mV) and thermodynamic efficiency, making it a remarkable candidate for utilization as a versatile catalyst in the green and circular economy. This review elaborates the anabolic mechanisms of laccase in initiating the polymerization of natural phenolic compounds and their derivatives in vivo via radical-based self/cross-coupling. Information is also presented on laccase immobilization engineering that expands the practical application ranges of laccase in biotechnology by improving the enzymatic catalytic activity, stability, and reuse rate. Particularly, advances in biotechnology applications in vitro through fungal laccase-triggered macromolecular biosynthesis may provide a key research direction beneficial to the rational design of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shunyao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youbin Si
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
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28
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Fungal Laccases to Where and Where? Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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29
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Schlosser D. Cultivation of filamentous fungi for attack on synthetic polymers via biological Fenton chemistry. Methods Enzymol 2020; 648:71-94. [PMID: 33579418 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution with synthetic polymers (commonly named plastics) nowadays poses serious threats to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, most conventional plastics are highly recalcitrant even under conditions known to be favorable for microbial degradation. Expanding the knowledge regarding opportunities and limitations of the microbial degradability of plastics would largely contribute to the development of adequate decontamination and management strategies for plastic pollution. This chapter provides cultivation approaches to be applied for the characterization of eco-physiologically diverse asco- and basidiomycete fungi with respect to their ability to attack solid and water-soluble synthetic polymers with the help of quinone redox cycling-based Fenton-type reactions, which result in the production of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. These reactive oxygen species are the strongest oxidants known from biological systems. However, their potential employment by fungi dwelling in diverse habitats as a biodegradation tool to attack synthetic polymers is still insufficiently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Schlosser
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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30
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Kontro J, Maltari R, Mikkilä J, Kähkönen M, Mäkelä MR, Hildén K, Nousiainen P, Sipilä J. Applicability of Recombinant Laccases From the White-Rot Fungus Obba rivulosa for Mediator-Promoted Oxidation of Biorefinery Lignin at Low pH. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:604497. [PMID: 33392170 PMCID: PMC7773891 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.604497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of lignin-rich side streams has been a focus of intensive studies recently. Combining biocatalytic methods with chemical treatments is a promising approach for sustainable modification of lignocellulosic waste streams. Laccases are catalysts in lignin biodegradation with proven applicability in industrial scale. Laccases directly oxidize lignin phenolic components, and their functional range can be expanded using low-molecular-weight compounds as mediators to include non-phenolic lignin structures. In this work, we studied in detail recombinant laccases from the selectively lignin-degrading white-rot fungus Obba rivulosa for their properties and evaluated their potential as industrial biocatalysts for the modification of wood lignin and lignin-like compounds. We screened and optimized various laccase mediator systems (LMSs) using lignin model compounds and applied the optimized reaction conditions to biorefinery-sourced technical lignin. In the presence of both N-OH-type and phenolic mediators, the O. rivulosa laccases were shown to selectively oxidize lignin in acidic reaction conditions, where a cosolvent is needed to enhance lignin solubility. In comparison to catalytic iron(III)-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation systems, the syringyl-type lignin units were preferred in mediated biocatalytic oxidation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Kontro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chemicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Maltari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chemicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Biocenter 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joona Mikkilä
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chemicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Biocenter 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähkönen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Biocenter 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia R. Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Biocenter 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Viikki Biocenter 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Nousiainen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chemicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chemicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Purification and Characterization of Two Novel Laccases from Peniophora lycii. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040340. [PMID: 33291231 PMCID: PMC7762197 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although, currently, more than 100 laccases have been purified from basidiomycete fungi, the majority of these laccases were obtained from fungi of the Polyporales order, and only scarce data are available about the laccases from other fungi. In this article, laccase production by the white-rot basidiomycete fungus Peniophora lycii, belonging to the Russulales order, was investigated. It was shown that, under copper induction, this fungus secreted three different laccase isozymes. Two laccase isozymes—Lac5 and LacA—were purified and their corresponding nucleotide sequences were determined. Both purified laccases were relatively thermostable with periods of half-life at 70 °C of 10 and 8 min for Lac5 and LacA, respectively. The laccases demonstrated the highest activity toward ABTS (97 U·mg−1 for Lac5 and 121 U·mg−1 for LacA at pH 4.5); Lac5 demonstrated the lowest activity toward 2,6-DMP (2.5 U·mg−1 at pH 4.5), while LacA demonstrated this towards gallic acid (1.4 U·mg−1 at pH 4.5). Both Lac5 and LacA were able to efficiently decolorize such dyes as RBBR and Bromcresol Green. Additionally, phylogenetic relationships among laccases of Peniophora spp. were reconstructed, and groups of orthologous genes were determined. Based on these groups, all currently available data about laccases of Peniophora spp. were systematized.
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Ezike TC, Ezugwu AL, Udeh JO, Eze SOO, Chilaka FC. Purification and characterisation of new laccase from Trametes polyzona WRF03. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 28:e00566. [PMID: 33299811 PMCID: PMC7701954 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Trametes polyzona WRF03 produced high yield of true laccase. Trametes polyzona WRF03 laccase was relatively pH and temperature stable. Fe2+, sodium azide and sodium cyanide greatly inhibited laccase activity. Trametes polyzona WRF03 laccase decolorised many classes of synthetic dyes.
The molecular screening for laccase specific gene sequences in Trametes polyzona WRF03 (TpWRF03) using designed oligonucleotide primers analogous to the conserved sequences on the copper-binding regions of known laccases showed positive amplification with an amplicon size corresponding to 1500 bp. The purified TpWRF03 laccase (TpL) is a monomer with a molecular weight corresponding to 66 kDa. The enzyme had an optimal pH of 4.5 and temperature of 55 °C. TpL was most stable within pH of 5.5–6.5 and at a temperature range of 40–50 °C. Sodium azide, sodium cyanide and Fe2+ greatly inhibited the enzyme activity. TpL showed more than 50 % decolourisation efficiency on coomassie brilliant blue (72.35 %) and malachite green (57.84 %) but displayed low decolourisation efficiency towards Azure B (1.78 %) and methylene blue (0.38 %). The results showed that TpWRF03 produces high-yield of true laccase with robust properties for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arinze Linus Ezugwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Jerry Okwudili Udeh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Kumar A, Ahlawat S, Mohan H, Sharma KK. Stabilization-destabilization and redox properties of laccases from medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum and human pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:369-381. [PMID: 33275974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Laccases or benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductases (EC 1.10.3.2) are polyphenol multicopper oxidases that are known for their structural and functional diversity in various life forms. In the present study, the molecular and physico-chemical properties (redox-potential and secondary structures) of fungal laccase isozymes (FLIs) isolated from a medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum were analyzed and compared with those of the recombinant bacterial laccases (rLac) obtained from different Yersinia enterocolitica strains. It was revealed that the FLIs contained His-Cys-His as the most conserved residue in its domain I Cu site, while the fourth and fifth residues were variable (Ile, Leu, or Phe). Evidently, the cyclic voltammetric measurements of Glac L2 at Type 1 Cu site revealed greater E° for ABTS/ABTS+ (0.312 V) and ABTS+/ABTS2+ (0.773 V) compared to the E° of rLac. Furthermore, circular dichroism-based conformational analysis revealed structural stability of the FLIs at acidic pH (3.0) and low temperature (<30 °C), while the isozymes were destabilized at neutral pH (7.0) and high-temperature conditions (>70 °C). The zymographic studies further confirmed the functional inactivation of FLIs at high temperatures (≥70 °C), predominantly due to domain unfolding. These findings provide novel insight into the evolution of the catalytic efficiency and redox properties of the FLIs, contributing to the existing knowledge regarding stress responses, metabolite production, and the biotechnological utilization of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shruti Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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34
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Rueda AM, López de los Santos Y, Vincent AT, Létourneau M, Hernández I, Sánchez CI, Molina V. D, Ospina SA, Veyrier FJ, Doucet N. Genome sequencing and functional characterization of a Dictyopanus pusillus fungal enzymatic extract offers a promising alternative for lignocellulose pretreatment of oil palm residues. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227529. [PMID: 32730337 PMCID: PMC7392265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pretreatment of biomass remains a critical requirement for bio-renewable fuel production from lignocellulose. Although current processes primarily involve chemical and physical approaches, the biological breakdown of lignin using enzymes and microorganisms is quickly becoming an interesting eco-friendly alternative to classical processes. As a result, bioprospection of wild fungi from naturally occurring lignin-rich sources remains a suitable method to uncover and isolate new species exhibiting ligninolytic activity. In this study, wild species of white rot fungi were collected from Colombian forests based on their natural wood decay ability and high capacity to secrete oxidoreductases with high affinity for phenolic polymers such as lignin. Based on high activity obtained from solid-state fermentation using a lignocellulose source from oil palm as matrix, we describe the isolation and whole-genome sequencing of Dictyopanus pusillus, a wild basidiomycete fungus exhibiting ABTS oxidation as an indication of laccase activity. Functional characterization of a crude enzymatic extract identified laccase activity as the main enzymatic contributor to fungal extracts, an observation supported by the identification of 13 putative genes encoding for homologous laccases in the genome. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of an enzymatic extract exhibiting laccase activity in the Dictyopanus genera, offering means to exploit this species and its enzymes for the delignification process of lignocellulosic by-products from oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M. Rueda
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yossef López de los Santos
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Antony T. Vincent
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Inés Hernández
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Clara I. Sánchez
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Daniel Molina V.
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sonia A. Ospina
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Frédéric J. Veyrier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Canada
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35
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Barcelos MCS, Ramos CL, Kuddus M, Rodriguez-Couto S, Srivastava N, Ramteke PW, Mishra PK, Molina G. Enzymatic potential for the valorization of agro-industrial by-products. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1799-1827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Gomez-Fernandez BJ, Risso VA, Sanchez-Ruiz JM, Alcalde M. Consensus Design of an Evolved High-Redox Potential Laccase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:354. [PMID: 32435637 PMCID: PMC7218104 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the broad repertory of protein engineering methods that set out to improve stability, consensus design has proved to be a powerful strategy to stabilize enzymes without compromising their catalytic activity. Here, we have applied an in-house consensus method to stabilize a laboratory evolved high-redox potential laccase. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and computationally refined by applying relative entropy and mutual information thresholds. Through this approach, an ensemble of 20 consensus mutations were identified, 18 of which were consensus/ancestral mutations. The set of consensus variants was produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analyzed individually, while site directed recombination of the best mutations did not produce positive epistasis. The best single variant carried the consensus-ancestral A240G mutation in the neighborhood of the T2/T3 copper cluster, which dramatically improved thermostability, kinetic parameters and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria A Risso
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Sanchez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Cuprys A, Thomson P, Ouarda Y, Suresh G, Rouissi T, Kaur Brar S, Drogui P, Surampalli RY. Ciprofloxacin removal via sequential electro-oxidation and enzymatic oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121890. [PMID: 31862355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combination of electro-oxidation and enzymatic oxidation was tested to evaluate the potency of this system to remove ciprofloxacin (CIP), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, from water. For the electro-oxidation boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxides anodes were tested, at three current densities (4.42, 17.7 and 35.4 A/cm2). BDD anode at 35.4 A/cm2 exhibited the highest removal efficiency in the shortest time (>90 % removal in 6 min). For the enzymatic oxidation, laccase from Trametes versicolor was chosen. Laccase alone was not able to remove CIP; hence the influence of redox mediators was investigated. The addition of syringaldehyde (SA) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) resulted in enhanced CIP transformation. About 48.9±4.0 % of CIP remained after 4 h of treatment when SA-mediated laccase was applied and 87.8±6.6 % in the case of ABTS-mediated laccase. The coupling of enzymatic oxidation followed by electro-oxidation led to 73 % removal of the antibiotic. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity increased up to its original efficiency after the treatment. The combination of electro-oxidation followed by enzymatic oxidation led to 97-99 % removal of CIP. There was no antimicrobial activity of the solution after the treatment. The tests with wastewater confirmed the efficacy of the system to remove CIP from the complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cuprys
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Paisley Thomson
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Yassine Ouarda
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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38
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Jeon SJ, Park JH. Refolding, characterization, and dye decolorization ability of a highly thermostable laccase from Geobacillus sp. JS12. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 173:105646. [PMID: 32315700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A putative laccase gene (lacG) from Geobacillus sp. JS12 was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with six histidine residues in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells, and the protein was primarily found in inclusion bodies. The resulting insoluble proteins were solubilized with 6 M guanidine HCl and refolded using an on-column refolding procedure. Ni-chelation affinity chromatography found the laccase to be a 30 kDa monomeric protein. Spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated LacG as a multi-copper oxidase, with the usual laccase copper sites, Type 1, 2, and 3 Cu(II). The optimum pH for enzymatic activity was 3.0, 6.0, and 6.5 with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) as the substrate, respectively. The recombinant protein displayed high thermostability, with a heat inactivation half-life of approximately 2 h at 95 °C, and an optimum temperature of 80 °C with 2,6-DMP. Catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) showed that guaiacol and 2,6-DMP were highly oxidized by the enzyme. The enzymatic reaction was significantly enhanced by Co2+ and Mn2+, while activity was strongly inhibited in the presence of Fe2+, Zn2+, and thiol compounds. LacG decolorized 43% of Congo red and 14% of Malachite green, and the addition of ABTS as a redox mediator dramatically increased the dye decolorization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jong Jeon
- Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Smart-Biohealth, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hun Park
- Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
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39
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Valles M, Kamaruddin AF, Wong LS, Blanford CF. Inhibition in multicopper oxidases: a critical review. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review critiques the literature on inhibition of O2-reduction catalysis in multicopper oxidases like laccase and bilirubin oxidase and provide recommendations for best practice when carrying out experiments and interpreting published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Valles
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Amirah F. Kamaruddin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Department of Materials
| | - Lu Shin Wong
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Christopher F. Blanford
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Department of Materials
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40
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Chan JC, Paice M, Zhang X. Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou C. Chan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
| | - Michael Paice
- FPInnovations Pulp Paper & Bioproducts 2665 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 520 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, MSIN P8-60 Richland WA-99352 USA
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Arregui L, Ayala M, Gómez-Gil X, Gutiérrez-Soto G, Hernández-Luna CE, Herrera de los Santos M, Levin L, Rojo-Domínguez A, Romero-Martínez D, Saparrat MCN, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Laccases: structure, function, and potential application in water bioremediation. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:200. [PMID: 31727078 PMCID: PMC6854816 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rise in urbanization and industrial activity has led to the production and incorporation of foreign contaminant molecules into ecosystems, distorting them and impacting human and animal health. Physical, chemical, and biological strategies have been adopted to eliminate these contaminants from water bodies under anthropogenic stress. Biotechnological processes involving microorganisms and enzymes have been used for this purpose; specifically, laccases, which are broad spectrum biocatalysts, have been used to degrade several compounds, such as those that can be found in the effluents from industries and hospitals. Laccases have shown high potential in the biotransformation of diverse pollutants using crude enzyme extracts or free enzymes. However, their application in bioremediation and water treatment at a large scale is limited by the complex composition and high salt concentration and pH values of contaminated media that affect protein stability, recovery and recycling. These issues are also associated with operational problems and the necessity of large-scale production of laccase. Hence, more knowledge on the molecular characteristics of water bodies is required to identify and develop new laccases that can be used under complex conditions and to develop novel strategies and processes to achieve their efficient application in treating contaminated water. Recently, stability, efficiency, separation and reuse issues have been overcome by the immobilization of enzymes and development of novel biocatalytic materials. This review provides recent information on laccases from different sources, their structures and biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and application in the bioremediation and biotransformation of contaminant molecules in water. Moreover, we discuss a series of improvements that have been attempted for better organic solvent tolerance, thermo-tolerance, and operational stability of laccases, as per process requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Arregui
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05348 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Ayala
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Ximena Gómez-Gil
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa, 66059 Colonia Ex hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo Hernández-Luna
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán, Cd. Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Mayra Herrera de los Santos
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Laura Levin
- Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, DBBE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INMIBO-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, C1428BGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Rojo-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05348 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Romero-Martínez
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Mario C. N. Saparrat
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CCT-La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Diag. 113 y 61, 327CC, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 53 # 477, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
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Li C, Chen C, Wu X, Tsang CW, Mou J, Yan J, Liu Y, Lin CSK. Recent advancement in lignin biorefinery: With special focus on enzymatic degradation and valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121898. [PMID: 31395402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the intensive development of lignocellulosic biorefineries to produce fuels and chemicals from biomass-derived carbohydrates, lignin was generated at a large quantity every year. Therefore, lignin has received increasing attention as an abundant aromatics resource in terms of research and development efforts for value-added chemicals production. In this review, studies about lignin degradation especially the crucial enzymes involved and the reaction mechanism were substantially discussed, which provided the molecular basis of lignin biodegradation. Then, the latest improvements in lignin valorization by biological methods were summarized and case studies about value-added compounds from lignin were introduced. Afterwards, challenges, opportunities and prospects regarding biorefinery of lignin were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- BioZone, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Wing Tsang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhua Mou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Yin Q, Zhou G, Peng C, Zhang Y, Kües U, Liu J, Xiao Y, Fang Z. The first fungal laccase with an alkaline pH optimum obtained by directed evolution and its application in indigo dye decolorization. AMB Express 2019; 9:151. [PMID: 31535295 PMCID: PMC6751238 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering of fungal laccases with optimum catalytic activity at alkaline pH has been a long-lasting challenge. In this study, a mutant library containing 3000 clones was obtained by error-prone PCR to adapt the optimum pH of a fungal laccase Lcc9 from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea. After three rounds of functional screening, a mutant with three amino acid changes (E116K, N229D, I393T) named PIE5 was selected. PIE5 showed an optimum pH of 8.5 and 8.0 against guaiacol and 2,6-DMP when expressed in Pichia pastoris, representing the first fungal laccase that possesses an optimum pH at an alkaline condition. Site directed mutagenesis disclosed that N229D contributed the most to the optimum pH increment. A single N229D mutation caused an increase in optimum pH by 1.5 units. When used in indigo dye decolorization, PIE5 efficiently decolorized 87.1 ± 1.1% and 90.9 ± 0.3% indigo dye at the optimum conditions of pH 7.0-7.5 and 60 °C, and with either methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothazoline-6-sulfonate) as the mediator. In comparison, the commercially available fungal laccase TvLac from Trametes villosa decolorized 84.3 ± 1.8% of indigo dye under its optimum conditions (opt. pH 5.0 and 60 °C). The properties of an alkaline-dependent activity and the high indigo dye decolorization ability (1.3-fold better than the parental Lcc9) make the new fungal laccase PIE5 an alternative for specific industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Can Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yinliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Wang Q, Li G, Zheng K, Zhu X, Ma J, Wang D, Tang K, Feng X, Leng J, Yu H, Yang S, Feng X. The Soybean Laccase Gene Family: Evolution and Possible Roles in Plant Defense and Stem Strength Selection. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E701. [PMID: 31514462 PMCID: PMC6770974 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase is a widely used industrial oxidase for food processing, dye synthesis, paper making, and pollution remediation. At present, laccases used by industries come mainly from fungi. Plants contain numerous genes encoding laccase enzymes that show properties which are distinct from that of the fungal laccases. These plant-specific laccases may have better potential for industrial purposes. The aim of this work was to conduct a genome-wide search for the soybean laccase genes and analyze their characteristics and specific functions. A total of 93 putative laccase genes (GmLac) were identified from the soybean genome. All 93 GmLac enzymes contain three typical Cu-oxidase domains, and they were classified into five groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Although adjacent members on the tree showed highly similar exon/intron organization and motif composition, there were differences among the members within a class for both conserved and differentiated functions. Based on the expression patterns, some members of laccase were expressed in specific tissues/organs, while some exhibited a constitutive expression pattern. Analysis of the transcriptome revealed that some laccase genes might be involved in providing resistance to oomycetes. Analysis of the selective pressures acting on the laccase gene family in the process of soybean domestication revealed that 10 genes could have been under artificial selection during the domestication process. Four of these genes may have contributed to the transition of the soft and thin stem of wild soybean species into strong, thick, and erect stems of the cultivated soybean species. Our study provides a foundation for future functional studies of the soybean laccase gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kaijie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zhu
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kuanqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jiantian Leng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Enhancing thermostability by modifying flexible surface loops in an evolved high‐redox potential laccase. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Haddad Momeni M, Bollella P, Ortiz R, Thormann E, Gorton L, Abou Hachem M. A novel starch-binding laccase from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici highlights the functional diversity of ascomycete laccases. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:61. [PMID: 31426777 PMCID: PMC6700816 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laccases are multicopper oxidases, which are assigned into auxiliary activity family 1 (AA1) in the CAZy database. These enzymes, catalyzing the oxidation of phenolic and nonphenolic substrates coupled to reduction of O2 to H2O, are increasingly attractive as eco-friendly oxidation biocatalysts. Basidiomycota laccases are well characterized due to their potential in de-lignification of lignocellulose. By contrast, insight into the biochemical diversity of Ascomycota counterparts from saprophytes and plant pathogens is scarce. RESULTS Here, we report the properties of the laccase from the major wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (ZtrLac1A), distinguished from common plant fungal pathogens by an apoplastic infection strategy. We demonstrate that ZtrLac1A is appended to a functional starch-binding module and displays an activity signature disfavoring relatively apolar phenolic redox mediators as compared to the related biochemically characterized laccases. By contrast, the redox potential of ZtrLac1A (370 mV vs. SHE) is similar to ascomycetes counterparts. The atypical specificity is consistent with distinctive sequence substitutions and insertions in loops flanking the T1 site and the enzyme C-terminus compared to characterized laccases. CONCLUSIONS ZtrLac1A is the first reported modular laccase appended to a functional starch-specific carbohydrate binding module of family 20 (CBM20). The distinct specificity profile of ZtrLac1A correlates to structural differences in the active site region compared to previously described ascomycetes homologues. These differences are also highlighted by the clustering of the sequence of ZtrLac1A in a distinct clade populated predominantly by plant pathogens in the phylogenetic tree of AA1 laccases. The possible role of these laccases in vivo merits further investigations. These findings expand our toolbox of laccases for green oxidation and highlight the binding functionality of CBM-appended laccases as versatile immobilization tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Haddad Momeni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Oxidative coupling of coumarins catalyzed by laccase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:1028-1033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Identification and Characterization of New Laccase Biocatalysts from Pseudomonas Species Suitable for Degradation of Synthetic Textile Dyes. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper-oxidases with variety of biotechnological applications. While predominantly used, fungal laccases have limitations such as narrow pH and temperature range and their production via heterologous protein expression is more complex due to posttranslational modifications. In comparison, bacterial enzymes, including laccases, usually possess higher thermal and pH stability, and are more suitable for expression and genetic manipulations in bacterial expression hosts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify, recombinantly express, and characterize novel laccases from Pseudomonas spp. A combination of approaches including DNA sequence analysis, N-terminal protein sequencing, and genome sequencing data analysis for laccase amplification, cloning, and overexpression have been used. Four active recombinant laccases were obtained, one each from P. putida KT2440 and P. putida CA-3, and two from P. putida F6. The new laccases exhibited broad temperature and pH range and high thermal stability, as well as the potential to degrade selection of synthetic textile dyes. The best performing laccase was CopA from P. putida F6 which degraded five out of seven tested dyes, including Amido Black 10B, Brom Cresol Purple, Evans Blue, Reactive Black 5, and Remazol Brilliant Blue. This work highlighted species of Pseudomonas genus as still being good sources of biocatalytically relevant enzymes.
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Abstract
Biocatalysis (the use of biological molecules or materials to catalyse chemical reactions) has considerable potential. The use of biological molecules as catalysts enables new and more specific syntheses. It also meets many of the core principles of “green chemistry”. While there have been some considerable successes in biocatalysis, the full potential has yet to be realised. This results, partly, from some key challenges in understanding the fundamental biochemistry of enzymes. This review summarises four of these challenges: the need to understand protein folding, the need for a qualitative understanding of the hydrophobic effect, the need to understand and quantify the effects of organic solvents on biomolecules and the need for a deep understanding of enzymatic catalysis. If these challenges were addressed, then the number of successful biocatalysis projects is likely to increase. It would enable accurate prediction of protein structures, and the effects of changes in sequence or solution conditions on these structures. We would be better able to predict how substrates bind and are transformed into products, again leading to better enzyme engineering. Most significantly, it may enable the de novo design of enzymes to catalyse specific reactions.
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Mateljak I, Rice A, Yang K, Tron T, Alcalde M. The Generation of Thermostable Fungal Laccase Chimeras by SCHEMA-RASPP Structure-Guided Recombination in Vivo. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:833-843. [PMID: 30897903 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungal laccases are biotechnologically relevant enzymes that are capable of oxidizing a wide array of compounds, using oxygen from the air and releasing water as the only byproduct. The laccase structure is comprised of three cupredoxin domains sheltering two copper centers-the T1Cu site and the T2/T3 trinuclear Cu cluster-connected to each other through a highly conserved internal electron transfer pathway. As such, the generation of laccase chimeras with high sequence diversity from different orthologs is difficult to achieve without compromising protein functionality. Here, we have obtained a diverse family of functional chimeras showing increased thermostability from three fungal laccase orthologs with ∼70% protein sequence identity. Assisted by the high frequency of homologous DNA recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, computationally selected SCHEMA-RASPP blocks were spliced and cloned in a one-pot transformation. As a result of this in vivo assembly, an enriched library of laccase chimeras was rapidly generated, with multiple recombination events simultaneously occurring between and within the SCHEMA blocks. The resulting library was screened at high temperature, identifying a collection of thermostable chimeras with considerable sequence diversity, which varied from their closest parent homologue by 46 amino acids on average. The most thermostable variant increased its half-life of thermal inactivation at 70 °C 5-fold (up to 108 min), whereas several chimeras also displayed improved stability at acidic pH. The two catalytic copper sites spanned different SCHEMA blocks, shedding light on the recognition of specific residues involved in substrate oxidation. In summary, this case-study, through comparison with previous laccase engineering studies, highlights the benefits of bringing together computationally guided recombination and in vivo shuffling as an invaluable strategy for laccase evolution, which can be translated to other enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mateljak
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Austin Rice
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, CALTECH, Pasadena, California 91125-4100, United States
| | - Kevin Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, CALTECH, Pasadena, California 91125-4100, United States
| | - Thierry Tron
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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