1
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Giri P, Lim S, Khobragade TP, Pagar AD, Patil MD, Sarak S, Jeon H, Joo S, Goh Y, Jung S, Jang YJ, Choi SB, Kim YC, Kang TJ, Heo YS, Yun H. Biocatalysis enables the scalable conversion of biobased furans into various furfurylamines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6371. [PMID: 39075048 PMCID: PMC11286754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Biobased furans have emerged as chemical building blocks for the development of materials because of their diverse scaffolds and as they can be directly prepared from sugars. However, selective, efficient, and cost-effective scalable conversion of biobased furans remains elusive. Here, we report a robust transaminase (TA) from Shimia marina (SMTA) that enables the scalable amination of biobased furanaldehydes with high activity and broad substrate specificity. Crystallographic and mutagenesis analyses provide mechanistic insights and a structural basis for understanding SMTA, which enables a higher substrate conversion. The enzymatic cascade process established in this study allows one-pot synthesis of 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF) and 5-(aminomethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The biosynthesis of various furfurylamines, including a one-pot cascade reaction for BAMF generation using whole cells, demonstrates their practical application in the pharmaceutical and polymer industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Giri
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonga Lim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Taresh P Khobragade
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Amol D Pagar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh D Patil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sharad Sarak
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jeon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Joo
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Goh
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Beom Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Chan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Jin Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Branson Y, Schnell B, Zurr C, Bayer T, Badenhorst CPS, Wei R, Bornscheuer UT. An Extremely Sensitive Ultra-High Throughput Growth Selection Assay for the Identification of Amidase Activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:392. [PMID: 38910173 PMCID: PMC11194204 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In the last decades, biocatalysis has offered new perspectives for the synthesis of (chiral) amines, which are essential building blocks for pharmaceuticals, fine and bulk chemicals. In this regard, amidases have been employed due to their broad substrate scope and their independence from expensive cofactors. To expand the repertoire of amidases, tools for their rapid identification and characterization are greatly demanded. In this work an ultra-high throughput growth selection assay based on the production of the folate precursor p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is introduced to identify amidase activity. PABA-derived amides structurally mimic the broad class of commonly used chromogenic substrates derived from p-nitroaniline. This suggests that the assay should be broadly applicable for the identification of amidases. Unlike conventional growth selection assays that rely on substrates as nitrogen or carbon source, our approach requires PABA in sub-nanomolar concentrations, making it exceptionally sensitive and ideal for engineering campaigns that aim at enhancing amidase activities from minimally active starting points, for example. The presented assay offers flexibility in the adjustment of sensitivity to suit project-specific needs using different expression systems and fine-tuning with the antimetabolite sulfathiazole. Application of this PABA-based assay facilitates the screening of millions of enzyme variants on a single agar plate within two days, without the need for laborious sample preparation or expensive instruments, with transformation efficiency being the only limiting factor. KEY POINTS: • Ultra-high throughput assay (tens of millions on one agar plate) for amidase screening • High sensitivity by coupling selection to folate instead of carbon or nitrogen source • Highly adjustable in terms of sensitivity and expression of the engineering target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Branson
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bjarne Schnell
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Celine Zurr
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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3
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Dunham NP, Winston MS, Ray R, Eberle CM, Newman JA, Gao Q, Cao Y, Barrientos RC, Ji Y, Reibarkh MY, Silverman SM. Transaminase-Catalyzed Synthesis of β-Branched Noncanonical Amino Acids Driven by a Lysine Amine Donor. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16306-16313. [PMID: 38804633 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Transaminases are choice biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral primary amines, including amino acids bearing contiguous stereocenters. In this study, we employ lysine as a "smart" amine donor in transaminase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution reactions to access β-branched noncanonical arylalanines. Our mechanistic investigation demonstrates that, upon transamination, the lysine-derived ketone byproduct readily cyclizes to a six-membered imine, driving the equilibrium in the desired direction and thus alleviating the need to load superstoichiometric quantities of the amine donor or deploy a multienzyme cascade. Lysine also shows good overall compatibility with a panel of wild-type transaminases, a promising hint of its application as a smart donor more broadly. Indeed, by this approach, we furnished a broad scope of β-branched arylalanines, including some bearing hitherto intractable cyclopropyl and isopropyl substituents, with high yields and excellent selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah P Dunham
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew S Winston
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ritwika Ray
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Claire M Eberle
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Justin A Newman
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Qi Gao
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yang Cao
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rodell C Barrientos
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yining Ji
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Steven M Silverman
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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4
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Liu H, Wang S, Xu M, Zhang K, Gao Q, Wang H, Wei D. Engineering an (R)-selective transaminase for asymmetric synthesis of (R)-3-aminobutanol. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107264. [PMID: 38492494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
(R)-selective transaminases show promise as catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines, which are building blocks of various small molecule drugs. However, their application is limited by poor substrate acceptance and low catalytic efficiency. Here, a potential (R)-selective transaminase from Fodinicurvata sediminis (FsTA) was identified through a substrate truncating strategy, and used as starting point for enzyme engineering toward catalysis of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, a substrate that poses challenges in catalysis. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed Y90 as the key residue responsible for poor substrate binding. Starting from the variant (Y90F, mut1) with initial activity, FsTA was systematically modified to improve substrate-binding through active site reshaping and consensus sequence strategy, yielding three variants (H30R, V152K, and Y156F) with improved activity. A quadruple mutation variant H30R/Y90F/V152K/Y156F (mut4) was also found to show a 7.95-fold greater catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) than the initial variant mut1. Furthermore, mut4 also enhanced the thermostability of enzyme significantly, with the Tm value increasing by 10 °C. This variant also exhibited significantly improved activity toward a series of ketones that are either not accepted or poorly accepted by the wild-type. This study provides a basis for the rational design of an active to creating variants that can accommodate novel substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Farkas E, Sátorhelyi P, Szakács Z, Dékány M, Vaskó D, Hornyánszky G, Poppe L, Éles J. Transaminase-catalysis to produce trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines including a key intermediate towards cariprazine. Commun Chem 2024; 7:86. [PMID: 38637664 PMCID: PMC11026398 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cariprazine-the only single antipsychotic drug in the market which can handle all symptoms of bipolar I disorder-involves trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amine as a key structural element. In this work, production of trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines was investigated applying transaminases either in diastereotope selective amination starting from the corresponding ketone or in diastereomer selective deamination of their diasteromeric mixtures. Transaminases were identified enabling the conversion of the cis-diastereomer of four selected cis/trans-amines with different 4-substituents to the corresponding ketones. In the continuous-flow experiments aiming the cis diastereomer conversion to ketone, highly diastereopure trans-amine could be produced (de > 99%). The yield of pure trans-isomers exceeding their original amount in the starting mixture could be explained by dynamic isomerization through ketone intermediates. The single transaminase-catalyzed process-exploiting the cis-diastereomer selectivity of the deamination and thermodynamic control favoring the trans-amines due to reversibility of the steps-allows enhancement of the productivity of industrial cariprazine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
- Gedeon Richter Plc., PO Box 27, 1475, Budapest, Hungary.
- Gedeon Richter Plc., PO Box 27, 1475, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Sátorhelyi
- Fermentia Microbiological Ltd., Berlini út 47-49, 1405, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Dékány
- Gedeon Richter Plc., PO Box 27, 1475, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Vaskó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Hornyánszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - János Éles
- Gedeon Richter Plc., PO Box 27, 1475, Budapest, Hungary.
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6
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Xu M, Tan Z, Qi S, Na Q, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Zhu C, Ying H, Shen T. Synthesis of 3-Phenylserine by a Two-enzyme Cascade System with PLP Cofactor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302959. [PMID: 38012090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A two-enzyme cascade system containing ω-transaminase (ω-TA) and L-threonine aldolase (L-ThA) was reported for the synthesis of 3-Phenylserine starting from benzylamine, and PLP was utilized as the only cofactor in these both two enzymes reaction system. Based on the transamination results, benzylamine was optimized as an advantageous amino donor as confirmed by MD simulation results. This cascade reaction system could not only facilitate the in situ removal of the co-product benzaldehyde, enhancing the economic viability of the reaction, but also establish a novel pathway for synthesizing high-value phenyl-serine derivatives. In our study, nearly 95 % of benzylamine was converted, yielding over 54 % of 3-Phenylserine under the optimized conditions cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuotao Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Qi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Na
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowang Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Prout L, Hailes HC, Ward JM. Natural transaminase fusions for biocatalysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4264-4273. [PMID: 38298934 PMCID: PMC10829540 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic approaches are used widely for the synthesis of amines from abundant or low cost starting materials. This is a fast-developing field where novel enzymes and enzyme combinations emerge quickly to enable the production of new and complex compounds. Natural multifunctional enzymes represent a part of multi-step biosynthetic pathways that ensure a one-way flux of reactants. In vivo, they confer a selective advantage via increased reaction rates and chemical stability or prevention of toxicity from reactive intermediates. Here we report the identification and analysis of a natural transaminase fusion, PP_2782, from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, as well as three of its thermophilic homologs from Thermaerobacter marianensis, Thermaerobacter subterraneus, and Thermincola ferriacetica. Both the fusions and their truncated transaminase-only derivatives showed good activity with unsubstituted aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and amines, as well as with a range of α-keto acids, and l-alanine, l-glutamate, and l-glutamine. Through structural similarity, the fused domain was recognised as the acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase that affects reductive chain release. These natural transaminase fusions could have a great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Prout
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
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8
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Yuan B, Yang D, Qu G, Turner NJ, Sun Z. Biocatalytic reductive aminations with NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes: enzyme discovery, engineering and synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:227-262. [PMID: 38059509 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral amines are pivotal building blocks for the pharmaceutical industry. Asymmetric reductive amination is one of the most efficient and atom economic methodologies for the synthesis of optically active amines. Among the various strategies available, NAD(P)H-dependent amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) and imine reductases (IREDs) are robust enzymes that are available from various sources and capable of utilizing a broad range of substrates with high activities and stereoselectivities. AmDHs and IREDs operate via similar mechanisms, both involving a carbinolamine intermediate followed by hydride transfer from the co-factor. In addition, both groups catalyze the formation of primary and secondary amines utilizing both organic and inorganic amine donors. In this review, we discuss advances in developing AmDHs and IREDs as biocatalysts and focus on evolutionary history, substrate scope and applications of the enzymes to provide an outlook on emerging industrial biotechnologies of chiral amine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dameng Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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9
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Chen J, Yang X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Li T. The Development of Aldehyde Catalytic System. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300731. [PMID: 37755436 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde catalysts have proven to be highly effective in facilitating and accelerating a wide range of challenging transformations in organic chemistry. This article is structured into three main sections, focusing on the utilization of aldehydes as organocatalysts, the aldehydes/transition metals catalytic systems, and photochemical initiators. Finally, we provide a concise summary of the advancements in this fascinating research field, offering our perspectives and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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10
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Zhu L, Di J, Li Q, He YC, Ma C. Enhanced conversion of corncob into furfurylamine via chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis in a toluene–water medium. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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11
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Metagenomic Type IV Aminotransferases Active toward (R)-Methylbenzylamine. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases (ATs) are pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes that catalyze the reversible transfer of an amino group from an amino donor to a keto substrate. ATs are promising biocatalysts that are replacing traditional chemical routes for the production of chiral amines. In this study, an in silico-screening of a metagenomic library isolated from the Curonian Lagoon identified 11 full-length fold type IV aminotransferases that were successfully expressed and used for substrate profiling. Three of them (AT-872, AT-1132, and AT-4421) were active toward (R)-methylbenzylamine. Purified proteins showed activity with L- and D-amino acids and various aromatic compounds such as (R)-1-aminotetraline. AT-872 and AT-1132 exhibited thermostability and retained about 55% and 80% of their activities, respectively, even after 24 h of incubation at 50 °C. Active site modeling revealed that AT-872 and AT-4421 have an unusual active site environment similar to the AT of Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, while AT-1132 appeared to be structurally related to the AT from thermophilic archaea Geoglobus acetivorans. Thus, we have identified and characterized PLP fold type IV ATs that were active toward both amino acids and a variety of (R)-amines.
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12
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Pinheiro LZ, da Silva FF, Queiroz MSR, Aguieiras ECG, Cipolatti EP, da Silva AS, Bassut J, Seldin L, Guimarães DO, Freire DMG, de Souza ROMA, Leal ICR. Activity of endophytic fungi in enantioselective biotransformation of chiral amines: New approach for solid-state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Czarnievicz N, Rubanu MG, Iturralde M, Albarran-Velo J, Diamanti E, Gotor-Fernandez V, Skolimowski M, López-Gallego F. A Multiplex Assay to Assess the Transaminase Activity toward Chemically Diverse Amine Donors. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200614. [PMID: 36385460 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of methods to engineer and immobilize amine transaminases (ATAs) to improve their functionality and operational stability is gaining momentum. The quest for robust, fast, and easy-to-use methods to screen the activity of large collections of transaminases, is essential. This work presents a novel and multiplex fluorescence-based kinetic assay to assess ATA activity using 4-dimethylamino-1-naphthaldehyde as an amine acceptor. The developed assay allowed us to screen a battery of amine donors using free and immobilized ATAs from different microbial sources as biocatalysts. As a result, using chromatographic methods, 4-hydroxybenzylamine was identified as the best amine donor for the amination of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. Finally, we adapted this method to determine the apparent Michaelis-Menten parameters of a model immobilized ATA at the microscopic (single-particle) level. Our studies promote the use of this multiplex, multidimensional assay to screen ATAs for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Czarnievicz
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Micronit BV, Colosseum 15, 7521 PV, Enschede (The, Netherlands.,University of Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Rubanu
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maialen Iturralde
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Albarran-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eleftheria Diamanti
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernandez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Belov F, Mildner A, Knaus T, Mutti FG, von Langermann J. Crystallization-based downstream processing of ω-transaminase- and amine dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions. REACT CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the use of selective crystallization as a downstream-processing concept for amine products from biocatalytic reactions.
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15
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Facilitated solvent screening for membrane-based extraction of chiral amines via a priori simulations. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Su Y, Michimori Y, Atomi H. Biochemical and genetic examination of two aminotransferases from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126218. [PMID: 36891395 PMCID: PMC9986279 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis utilizes amino acids as a carbon and energy source. Multiple aminotransferases, along with glutamate dehydrogenase, are presumed to be involved in the catabolic conversion of amino acids. T. kodakarensis harbors seven Class I aminotransferase homologs on its genome. Here we examined the biochemical properties and physiological roles of two Class I aminotransferases. The TK0548 protein was produced in Escherichia coli and the TK2268 protein in T. kodakarensis. Purified TK0548 protein preferred Phe, Trp, Tyr, and His, and to a lower extent, Leu, Met and Glu. The TK2268 protein preferred Glu and Asp, with lower activities toward Cys, Leu, Ala, Met and Tyr. Both proteins recognized 2-oxoglutarate as the amino acceptor. The TK0548 protein exhibited the highest k cat/K m value toward Phe, followed by Trp, Tyr, and His. The TK2268 protein exhibited highest k cat/K m values for Glu and Asp. The TK0548 and TK2268 genes were individually disrupted, and both disruption strains displayed a retardation in growth on a minimal amino acid medium, suggesting their involvement in amino acid metabolism. Activities in the cell-free extracts of the disruption strains and the host strain were examined. The results suggested that the TK0548 protein contributes to the conversion of Trp, Tyr and His, and the TK2268 protein to that of Asp and His. Although other aminotransferases seem to contribute to the transamination of Phe, Trp, Tyr, Asp, and Glu, our results suggest that the TK0548 protein is responsible for the majority of aminotransferase activity toward His in T. kodakarensis. The genetic examination carried out in this study provides insight into the contributions of the two aminotransferases toward specific amino acids in vivo, an aspect which had not been thoroughly considered thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Michimori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Atomi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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A growth selection system for the directed evolution of amine-forming or converting enzymes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7458. [PMID: 36460668 PMCID: PMC9718777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast screening of enzyme variants is crucial for tailoring biocatalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of non-natural chiral chemicals, such as amines. However, most existing screening methods either are limited by the throughput or require specialized equipment. Herein, we report a simple, high-throughput, low-equipment dependent, and generally applicable growth selection system for engineering amine-forming or converting enzymes and apply it to improve biocatalysts belonging to three different enzyme classes. This results in (i) an amine transaminase variant with 110-fold increased specific activity for the asymmetric synthesis of the chiral amine intermediate of Linagliptin; (ii) a 270-fold improved monoamine oxidase to prepare the chiral amine intermediate of Cinacalcet by deracemization; and (iii) an ammonia lyase variant with a 26-fold increased activity in the asymmetric synthesis of a non-natural amino acid. Our growth selection system is adaptable to different enzyme classes, varying levels of enzyme activities, and thus a flexible tool for various stages of an engineering campaign.
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18
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Ford G, Swanson CR, Bradshaw Allen RT, Marshall JR, Mattey AP, Turner NJ, Clapés P, Flitsch SL. Three-Component Stereoselective Enzymatic Synthesis of Amino-Diols and Amino-Polyols. JACS AU 2022; 2:2251-2258. [PMID: 36311836 PMCID: PMC9597598 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amino-polyols represent attractive chemical building blocks but can be challenging to synthesize because of the high density of asymmetric functionalities and the need for extensive protecting-group strategies. Here we present a three-component strategy for the stereoselective enzymatic synthesis of amino-diols and amino-polyols using a diverse set of prochiral aldehydes, hydroxy ketones, and amines as starting materials. We were able to combine biocatalytic aldol reactions, using variants of d-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA), with reductive aminations catalyzed by IRED-259, identified from a metagenomic library. A two-step process, without the need for intermediate isolation, was developed to avoid cross-reactivity of the carbonyl components. Stereoselective formation of the 2R,3R,4R enantiomers of amino-polyols was observed and confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson
J. Ford
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Christopher R. Swanson
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Ruth T. Bradshaw Allen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - James R. Marshall
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Ashley P. Mattey
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Pere Clapés
- Biological
Chemistry Department, Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC−CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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19
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Gal CA, Barabás LE, Varga A, Csuka P, Bencze LC, Toșa MI, Poppe L, Paizs C. How to identify and characterize novel transaminases? Two novel transaminases with opposite enantioselectivity for the synthesis of optically active amines. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Kaličanin N, Kovačević G, Spasojević M, Prodanović O, Jovanović-Šanta S, Škorić D, Opsenica D, Prodanović R. Immobilization of ArRMut11 omega-transaminase for increased operational stability and reusability in the synthesis of 3α-amino-5α-androstan-17β-ol. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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21
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Yang J, Buekenhoudt A, Dael MV, Luis P, Satyawali Y, Malina R, Lizin S. A Techno-economic Assessment of a Biocatalytic Chiral Amine Production Process Integrated with In Situ Membrane Extraction. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Anita Buekenhoudt
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Miet Van Dael
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Patricia Luis
- Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Place Sainte Barbe, 2 bte L5.02.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yamini Satyawali
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Robert Malina
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastien Lizin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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22
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Wang X, Xie Y, Wang Z, Zhang K, Wang H, Wei D. Efficient Synthesis of ( S)-1-Boc-3-aminopiperidine in a Continuous Flow System Using ω-Transaminase-Immobilized Amino-Ethylenediamine-Modified Epoxide Supports. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Youyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Zhicai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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23
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Romero‐Fernandez M, Paradisi F. Stereo-divergent enzyme cascades to convert racemic 4-phenyl-2-butanol into either (S)- or (R)- corresponding chiral amine. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200108. [PMID: 35189014 PMCID: PMC9313814 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiopure chiral amines from racemic alcohols is a key transformation in the chemical industry, e.g., in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, this reaction remains challenging. In this work, we propose a one-pot enzymatic cascade for the direct conversion of a racemic alcohol into either (S) - or (R) -enantiomers of the corresponding amine, with in-situ cofactor recycling. This enzymatic cascade consists of two enantio-complementary alcohol dehydrogenases, both NADH and NADPH oxidase for in-situ recycling of NAD(P) + cofactors, and either (S) - or (R) -enantioselective transaminase. This cell-free biocatalytic system has been successfully applied to the conversion of racemic 4-phenyl-2-butanol into the high value (S) - or (R) -enantiomers of the amine reaching good (73% (S) ) and excellent (>99% (R) ) enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNG7 2RDNottinghamUK
- Department of ChemistryBiochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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24
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Li J, Yu S, Wang Y, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D. Simultaneous Preparation of (S)-2-Aminobutane and d-Alanine or d-Homoalanine via Biocatalytic Transamination at High Substrate Concentration. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiong Li
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin
Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin
Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yingang Wang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin
Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin
Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin
Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin
Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Ma Y, Jiao X, Wang Z, Mu H, Sun K, Li X, Zhao T, Liu X, Zhang N. Engineering a Transaminase for the Efficient Synthesis of a Key Intermediate for Rimegepant. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Ma
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xuecheng Jiao
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zujian Wang
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Huiyan Mu
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Kaihua Sun
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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26
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Mu X, Wu T, Mao Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Nie Y. Iterative Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis Confers Aromatic Ketone Specificity and Activity of L‐Amine Dehydrogenases. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Mu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology 223800 Suqian P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology 223800 Suqian P. R. China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 200240 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 200240 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Yao Nie
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
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27
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Khobragade TP, Sarak S, Pagar AD, Jeon H, Giri P, Yun H. Synthesis of Sitagliptin Intermediate by a Multi-Enzymatic Cascade System Using Lipase and Transaminase With Benzylamine as an Amino Donor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:757062. [PMID: 34692666 PMCID: PMC8526967 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.757062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a multi-enzyme cascade using transaminase (TA), esterase, aldehyde reductase (AHR), and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), using benzylamine as an amino donor to synthesize the industrially important compound sitagliptin intermediate. A panel of 16 TAs was screened using ethyl 3-oxo-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) butanoate as a substrate (1). Amongst these enzymes, TA from Roseomonas deserti (TARO) was found to be the most suitable, showing the highest activity towards benzylamine (∼70%). The inhibitory effect of benzaldehyde was resolved by using AHR from Synechocystis sp. and FDH from Pseudomonas sp., which catalyzed the conversion of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol at the expense of NAD(P)H. Reaction parameters, such as pH, buffer system, and concentration of amino donor, were optimized. A single whole-cell system was developed for co-expressing TARO and esterase, and the promoter engineering strategy was adopted to control the expression level of each biocatalyst. The whole-cell reactions were performed with varying substrate concentrations (10-100 mM), resulting in excellent conversions (ranging from 72 to 91%) into the desired product. Finally, the applicability of this cascade was highlighted on Gram scale, indicating production of 70% of the sitagliptin intermediate with 61% isolated yield. The protocol reported herein may be considered an alternative to existing methods with respect to the use of cheaper amine donors as well as improved synthesis of (R) and (S) enantiomers with the use of non-chiral amino donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Zhang J, Qi N, Gao L, Li J, Zhang C, Chang H. One-pot synthesis of (R)- and (S)-phenylglycinol from bio-based L-phenylalanine by an artificial biocatalytic cascade. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:97. [PMID: 38650191 PMCID: PMC10991228 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral phenylglycinol is a very important chemical in the pharmaceutical manufacturing. Current methods for synthesis of chiral phenylglycinol often suffered from unsatisfied selectivity, low product yield and using the non-renewable resourced substrates, then the synthesis of chiral phenylglycinol remain a grand challenge. Design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia is a promising strategy to convert bio-based materials into high value-added chiral compounds. In this study, we reported a six-step artificial cascade biocatalysis system for conversion of bio-based L-phenylalanine into chiral phenylglycinol. This system was designed using a microbial consortium including two engineered recombinant Escherichia coli cell modules, one recombinant E. coli cell module co-expressed six different enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase/ferulic acid decarboxylase/phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase/styrene monooxygenase/epoxide hydrolase/alcohol dehydrogenase) for efficient conversion of L-phenylalanine into 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The second recombinant E. coli cell module expressed an (R)-ω-transaminase or co-expressed the (S)-ω-transaminase, alanine dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for conversion of 2-hydroxyacetophenone into (S)- or (R)-phenylglycinol, respectively. Combining the two engineered E. coli cell modules, after the optimization of bioconversion conditions (including pH, temperature, glucose concentration, amine donor concentration and cell ratio), L-phenylalanine could be easily converted into (R)-phenylglycinol and (S)-phenylglycinol with up to 99% conversion and > 99% ee. Preparative scale biotransformation was also conducted on 100-mL scale, (S)-phenylglycinol and (R)-phenylglycinol could be obtained in 71.0% and 80.5% yields, > 99% ee, and 5.19 g/L d and 4.42 g/L d productivity, respectively. The salient features of this biocatalytic cascade system are good yields, excellent ee, mild reaction condition and no need for additional cofactor (NADH/NAD+), provide a practical biocatalytic method for sustainable synthesis of (S)-phenylglycinol and (R)-phenylglycinol from bio-based L-phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ning Qi
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Lili Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Honghong Chang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
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29
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Li F, Liang Y, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Du Y, Yu H. Biochemical and Structural Characterization of an (
R
)‐Selective Transaminase in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxy Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhang YF, Dong XY, Cheng JT, Yang NY, Wang LL, Wang FL, Luan C, Liu J, Li ZL, Gu QS, Liu XY. Enantioconvergent Cu-Catalyzed Radical C-N Coupling of Racemic Secondary Alkyl Halides to Access α-Chiral Primary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15413-15419. [PMID: 34505516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
α-Chiral alkyl primary amines are virtually universal synthetic precursors for all other α-chiral N-containing compounds ubiquitous in biological, pharmaceutical, and material sciences. The enantioselective amination of common alkyl halides with ammonia is appealing for potential rapid access to α-chiral primary amines, but has hitherto remained rare due to the multifaceted difficulties in using ammonia and the underdeveloped C(sp3)-N coupling. Here we demonstrate sulfoximines as excellent ammonia surrogates for enantioconvergent radical C-N coupling with diverse racemic secondary alkyl halides (>60 examples) by copper catalysis under mild thermal conditions. The reaction efficiently provides highly enantioenriched N-alkyl sulfoximines (up to 99% yield and >99% ee) featuring secondary benzyl, propargyl, α-carbonyl alkyl, and α-cyano alkyl stereocenters. In addition, we have converted the masked α-chiral primary amines thus obtained to various synthetic building blocks, ligands, and drugs possessing α-chiral N-functionalities, such as carbamate, carboxylamide, secondary and tertiary amine, and oxazoline, with commonly seen α-substitution patterns. These results shine light on the potential of enantioconvergent radical cross-coupling as a general chiral carbon-heteroatom formation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Cheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fu-Li Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Luan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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31
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Biocatalytic reductive amination from discovery to commercial manufacturing applied to abrocitinib JAK1 inhibitor. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Meng Q, Ramírez-Palacios C, Capra N, Hooghwinkel ME, Thallmair S, Rozeboom HJ, Thunnissen AMWH, Wijma HJ, Marrink SJ, Janssen DB. Computational Redesign of an ω-Transaminase from Pseudomonas jessenii for Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Bulky Amines. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10733-10747. [PMID: 34504735 PMCID: PMC8419838 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
ω-Transaminases
(ω-TA) are attractive biocatalysts
for the production of chiral amines from prochiral ketones via asymmetric synthesis. However, the substrate scope of
ω-TAs is usually limited due to steric hindrance at the active
site pockets. We explored a protein engineering strategy using computational
design to expand the substrate scope of an (S)-selective
ω-TA from Pseudomonas jessenii (PjTA-R6) toward the production of bulky amines. PjTA-R6 is attractive for use in applied biocatalysis due
to its thermostability, tolerance to organic solvents, and acceptance
of high concentrations of isopropylamine as amino donor. PjTA-R6 showed no detectable activity for the synthesis of six bicyclic
or bulky amines targeted in this study. Six small libraries composed
of 7–18 variants each were separately designed via computational methods and tested in the laboratory for ketone to
amine conversion. In each library, the vast majority of the variants
displayed the desired activity, and of the 40 different designs, 38
produced the target amine in good yield with >99% enantiomeric
excess.
This shows that the substrate scope and enantioselectivity of PjTA mutants could be predicted in silico with high accuracy. The single mutant W58G showed the best performance
in the synthesis of five structurally similar bulky amines containing
the indan and tetralin moieties. The best variant for the other bulky
amine, 1-phenylbutylamine, was the triple mutant W58M + F86L + R417L,
indicating that Trp58 is a key residue in the large binding pocket
for PjTA-R6 redesign. Crystal structures of the two
best variants confirmed the computationally predicted structures.
The results show that computational design can be an efficient approach
to rapidly expand the substrate scope of ω-TAs to produce enantiopure
bulky amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Meng
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Ramírez-Palacios
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Molecular Dynamics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Capra
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs E. Hooghwinkel
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Molecular Dynamics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Str. 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Henriëtte J. Rozeboom
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy-Mark W. H. Thunnissen
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J. Wijma
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Molecular Dynamics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick B. Janssen
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Chiral Synthesis of 3-Amino-1-phenylbutane by a Multi-Enzymatic Cascade System. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines from prochiral ketones using transaminases is an attractive biocatalytic strategy. Nevertheless, it is hampered by its unfavorable thermodynamic equilibrium. In the present work, an insitu by-product removal strategy was applied for the synthesis of 3-amino-1-phenylbutane (3-APB) by coupling a transaminase with a pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), which does not require the use of any expensive additional cofactor. Using this strategy, the pyruvate obtained in the transamination reaction is transformed by PDC into acetaldehyde and CO2 which are of high volatility. Two different transaminases from Chromobacterium violaceum (CviTA) and Vibrio fluvialis (VflTA) were characterized to find out the appropriate pH conditions. In both cases, the addition of PDC dramatically enhanced 3-APB synthesis. Afterwards, different reaction conditions were tested to improve reaction conversion and yield. It was concluded that 30 °C and a 20-fold alanine excess lead to the best process metrics. Under the mentioned conditions, yields higher than 60% were reached with nearly 90% selectivity using both CviTA and VflTA. Moreover, high stereoselectivity for (S)-3-APB was obtained and ee of around 90% was achieved in both cases. For the first time, the asymmetric synthesis of 3-APB using PDC as by-product removal system using CviTA is reported.
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34
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Xiang C, Wu S, Bornscheuer UT. Directed evolution of an amine transaminase for the synthesis of an Apremilast intermediate via kinetic resolution. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 43:116271. [PMID: 34171757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Apremilast is an important active pharmaceutical ingredient that relies on a resolution to produce the key chiral amine intermediate. To provide a new catalytic and enzymatic process for Apremilast, we performed the directed evolution of the amine transaminase fromVibriofluvialis. Six rounds of evolution resulted in the VF-8M-E variant with > 400-fold increase specific activity over the wildtype enzyme. A homology model of VF-8M-E was built and a molecular docking study was performed to explain the increase in activity. The purified VF-8M-E was successfully applied to produce the key chiral amine intermediate in enantiopure form and 49% conversion via a kinetic resolution, representing a new enzymatic access towards Apremilast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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35
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Wang C, Tang K, Dai Y, Jia H, Li Y, Gao Z, Wu B. Identification, Characterization, and Site-Specific Mutagenesis of a Thermostable ω-Transaminase from Chloroflexi bacterium. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17058-17070. [PMID: 34250363 PMCID: PMC8264935 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have identified an ω-transaminase (ω-TA) from Chloroflexi bacterium from the genome database by using two ω-TA sequences (ATA117 Arrmut11 from Arthrobacter sp. KNK168 and amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus NIH2624) as templates in a BLASTP search and motif sequence alignment. The protein sequence of the ω-TA from C. bacterium (CbTA) shows 38% sequence identity to that of ATA117 Arrmut11. The gene sequence of CbTA was inserted into pRSF-Duet1 and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The results showed that the recombinant CbTA has a specific activity of 1.19 U/mg for (R)-α-methylbenzylamine [(R)-MBA] at pH 8.5 and 45 °C. The substrate acceptability test showed that CbTA has significant reactivity to aromatic amino donors and amino receptors. More importantly, CbTA also exhibited good affinity toward some cyclic substrates. The homology model of CbTA was built by Discovery Studio, and docking was performed to describe the relative activity toward some substrates. CbTA evolved by site-specific mutagenesis and found that the Q192G mutant increased the activity to (R)-MBA by around 9.8-fold. The Q192G mutant was then used to convert two cyclic ketones, N-Boc-3-pyrrolidinone and N-Boc-3-piperidone, and both the conversions were obviously improved compared to that of the parental CbTA.
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36
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Corrado ML, Knaus T, Mutti FG. High Regio- and Stereoselective Multi-enzymatic Synthesis of All Phenylpropanolamine Stereoisomers from β-Methylstyrene. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2345-2350. [PMID: 33880862 PMCID: PMC8359840 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a one-pot cascade for the synthesis of phenylpropanolamines (PPAs) in high optical purities (er and dr up to >99.5 %) and analytical yields (up to 95 %) by using 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diols as key intermediates. This bioamination entails the combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an ω-transaminase (ωTA) and an alanine dehydrogenase to create a redox-neutral network, which harnesses the exquisite and complementary regio- and stereo-selectivities of the selected ADHs and ωTAs. The requisite 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol intermediates were obtained from trans- or cis-β-methylstyrene by combining a styrene monooxygenase with epoxide hydrolases. Furthermore, in selected cases, the envisioned cascade enabled to obtain the structural isomer (1S,2R)-1-amino-1-phenylpropan-2-ol in high optical purity (er and dr >99.5 %). This is the first report on an enzymatic method that enables to obtain all of the four possible PPA stereoisomers in great enantio- and diastereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Corrado
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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37
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Lee YS, Lim K, Minteer SD. Cascaded Biocatalysis and Bioelectrocatalysis: Overview and Recent Advances. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:467-488. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme cascades are plentiful in nature, but they also have potential in artificial applications due to the possibility of using the target substrate in biofuel cells, electrosynthesis, and biosensors. Cascade reactions from enzymes or hybrid bioorganic catalyst systems exhibit extended substrate range, reaction depth, and increased overall performance. This review addresses the strategies of cascade biocatalysis and bioelectrocatalysis for ( a) CO2 fixation, ( b) high value-added product formation, ( c) sustainable energy sources via deep oxidation, and ( d) cascaded electrochemical enzymatic biosensors. These recent updates in the field provide fundamental concepts, designs of artificial electrocatalytic oxidation-reduction pathways (using a flexible setup involving organic catalysts and engineered enzymes), and advances in hybrid cascaded sensors for sensitive analyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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38
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biocatalytic Reduction Reactions from a Chemist's Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5644-5665. [PMID: 32330347 PMCID: PMC7983917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reductions play a key role in organic synthesis, producing chiral products with new functionalities. Enzymes can catalyse such reactions with exquisite stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, leading the way to alternative shorter classical synthetic routes towards not only high-added-value compounds but also bulk chemicals. In this review we describe the synthetic state-of-the-art and potential of enzymes that catalyse reductions, ranging from carbonyl, enone and aromatic reductions to reductive aminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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39
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Kim DI, Chae TU, Kim HU, Jang WD, Lee SY. Microbial production of multiple short-chain primary amines via retrobiosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:173. [PMID: 33420084 PMCID: PMC7794544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based production of many chemicals is not yet possible due to the unknown biosynthetic pathways. Here, we report a strategy combining retrobiosynthesis and precursor selection step to design biosynthetic pathways for multiple short-chain primary amines (SCPAs) that have a wide range of applications in chemical industries. Using direct precursors of 15 target SCPAs determined by the above strategy, Streptomyces viridifaciens vlmD encoding valine decarboxylase is examined as a proof-of-concept promiscuous enzyme both in vitro and in vivo for generating SCPAs from their precursors. Escherichia coli expressing the heterologous vlmD produces 10 SCPAs by feeding their direct precursors. Furthermore, metabolically engineered E. coli strains are developed to produce representative SCPAs from glucose, including the one producing 10.67 g L-1 of iso-butylamine by fed-batch culture. This study presents the strategy of systematically designing biosynthetic pathways for the production of a group of related chemicals as demonstrated by multiple SCPAs as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Un Chae
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Dae Jang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Finnigan W, Hepworth LJ, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ. RetroBioCat as a computer-aided synthesis planning tool for biocatalytic reactions and cascades. Nat Catal 2021; 4:98-104. [PMID: 33604511 PMCID: PMC7116764 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As the enzyme toolbox for biocatalysis has expanded, so has the potential for the construction of powerful enzymatic cascades for efficient and selective synthesis of target molecules. Additionally, recent advances in computer-aided synthesis planning are revolutionising synthesis design in both synthetic biology and organic chemistry. However, the potential for biocatalysis is not well captured by tools currently available in either field. Here we present RetroBioCat, an intuitive and accessible tool for computer-aided design of biocatalytic cascades, freely available at retrobiocat.com. Our approach uses a set of expertly encoded reaction rules encompassing the enzyme toolbox for biocatalysis, and a system for identifying literature precedent for enzymes with the correct substrate specificity where this is available. Applying these rules for automated biocatalytic retrosynthesis, we show our tool to be capable of identifying promising biocatalytic pathways to target molecules, validated using a test-set of recent cascades described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Finnigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorna J Hepworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
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41
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Xie Y, Xu F, Yang L, Liu H, Xu X, Wang H, Wei D. Engineering the large pocket of an ( S)-selective transaminase for asymmetric synthesis of ( S)-1-amino-1-phenylpropane. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Amine transaminases offer an environmentally benign chiral amine asymmetric synthesis route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | | | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
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42
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Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Pure Aliphatic Amines with an Engineered Robust ω-Transaminase. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of chiral amines by transaminase-catalyzed amination of ketones is an important application of biocatalysis in synthetic chemistry. It requires transaminases that show high enantioselectivity in asymmetric conversion of the ketone precursors. A robust derivative of ω-transaminase from Pseudomonasjessenii (PjTA-R6) that naturally acts on aliphatic substrates was constructed previously by our group. Here, we explore the catalytic potential of this thermostable enzyme for the synthesis of optically pure aliphatic amines and compare it to the well-studied transaminases from Vibrio fluvialis (VfTA) and Chromobacterium violaceum (CvTA). The product yields indicated improved performance of PjTA-R6 over the other transaminases, and in most cases, the optical purity of the produced amine was above 99% enantiomeric excess (e.e.). Structural analysis revealed that the substrate binding poses were influenced and restricted by the switching arginine and that this accounted for differences in substrate specificities. Rosetta docking calculations with external aldimine structures showed a correlation between docking scores and synthetic yields. The results show that PjTA-R6 is a promising biocatalyst for the asymmetric synthesis of aliphatic amines with a product spectrum that can be explained by its structural features.
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biokatalytische Reduktionen aus der Sicht eines Chemikers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
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Wohlgemuth R. Biocatalysis - Key enabling tools from biocatalytic one-step and multi-step reactions to biocatalytic total synthesis. N Biotechnol 2020; 60:113-123. [PMID: 33045418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the area of human-made innovations to improve the quality of life, biocatalysis has already had a great impact and contributed enormously to a growing number of catalytic transformations aimed at the detection and analysis of compounds, the bioconversion of starting materials and the preparation of target compounds at any scale, from laboratory small scale to industrial large scale. The key enabling tools which have been developed in biocatalysis over the last decades also provide great opportunities for further development and numerous applications in various sectors of the global bioeconomy. Systems biocatalysis is a modular, bottom-up approach to designing the architecture of enzyme-catalyzed reaction steps in a synthetic route from starting materials to target molecules. The integration of biocatalysis and sustainable chemistry in vitro aims at ideal conversions with high molecular economy and their intensification. Retrosynthetic analysis in the chemical and biological domain has been a valuable tool for target-oriented synthesis while, on the other hand, diversity-oriented synthesis builds on forward-looking analysis. Bioinformatic tools for rapid identification of the required enzyme functions, efficient enzyme production systems, as well as generalized bioprocess design tools, are important for rapid prototyping of the biocatalytic reactions. The tools for enzyme engineering and the reaction engineering of each enzyme-catalyzed one-step reaction are also valuable for coupling reactions. The tools to overcome interaction issues with other components or enzymes are of great interest in designing multi-step reactions as well as in biocatalytic total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland; Swiss Coordination Committee on Biotechnology (SKB), Nordstrasse 15, 8021 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Cheng F, Li JM, Zhou SP, Liu Q, Jin LQ, Xue YP, Zheng YG. A Single-Transaminase-Catalyzed Biocatalytic Cascade for Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of l-Phosphinothricin. Chembiochem 2020; 22:345-348. [PMID: 32815302 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A single-transaminase-catalyzed biocatalytic cascade was developed by employing the desired biocatalyst, ATA-117-Rd11, that showed high activity toward 2-oxo-4-[(hydroxy)(methyl)phosphinoyl] butyric acid (PPO) and α-ketoglutarate, and low activity against pyruvate. The cascade successfully promotes a highly asymmetric amination reaction for the synthesis of l-phosphinothricin (l-PPT) with high conversion (>95 %) and>99 % ee. In a scale-up experiment, using 10 kg pre-frozen E. coli cells harboring ATA-117-Rd11 as catalyst, 80 kg PPO was converted to ≈70 kg l-PPT after 24 hours with a high ee value (>99 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ju-Mou Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Peng Zhou
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Jin
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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Creation of a robust and R-selective ω-amine transaminase for the asymmetric synthesis of sitagliptin intermediate on a kilogram scale. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109655. [PMID: 33051014 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The creation of an R-selective ω-amine transaminase (ω-ATA) as biocatalyst is crucial for the asymmetric amination of prochiral ketones to produce sitagliptin intermediates because rare ω-ATAs are R-selective in nature and most of them suffer from poor stability and low activity toward bulky prochiral ketones. Here, the gene of an R-selective ω-ATA was cloned from Arthrobacter cumminsii ZJUT212 (AcATA) and expressed in Escherichia coli. The best variants (M1 + M122H and M1+T134 G) were obtained using a semi-rational protein design after screening. These variants not only exhibited improved activity and substrate affinity but also enhanced stability in aqueous phase containing 20 % dimethyl sulfoxide. The conversion of asymmetric amination on 50 g/L pro-sitagliptin ketone PTfpB (1-[1-piperidinyl]-4-[2,4,5-trifluorophenyl]-1,3-butanedione) achieved 92 %, with an extremely high e.e. of >99 %, using 2 gDCW/L E. coli cells harboring M1 + M122H as biocatalyst. In the kilogram-scale experiment, approximately 40 kg of (R)-APTfpB (e.e. >99 %) was produced within 30 h when 50 kg PTfpB was used as the substrate. Furthermore, the space-time yield reached ≈32 g/(L·d).
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Velasco-Lozano S, Jackson E, Ripoll M, López-Gallego F, Betancor L. Stabilization of ω-transaminase from Pseudomonas fluorescens by immobilization techniques. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4318-4328. [PMID: 32898544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Transaminases are a class of enzymes with promising applications for the preparation and resolution of a vast diversity of valued amines. Their poor operational stability has fueled many investigations on its stabilization due to their biotechnological relevance. In this work, we screened the stabilization of the tetrameric ω-transaminase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PfωTA) through both carrier-bound and carrier-free immobilization techniques. The best heterogeneous biocatalyst was the PfωTA immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (PfωTA-CLEA) which resulted after studying different parameters as the precipitant, additives and glutaraldehyde concentrations. The best conditions for maximum recovered activity (29 %) and maximum thermostability at 60 ºC and 70 ºC (100 % and 71 % residual activity after 1 h, respectively) were achieved by enzyme precipitation with 90% acetone or ethanol, in presence of BSA (100 mg/mL) and employing glutaraldehyde (100 mM) as cross-linker. Studies on different conditions for PfωTA-CLEA preparation yielded a biocatalyst that exhibited 31 and 4.6 times enhanced thermal stability at 60 °C and 70 °C, respectively, compared to its soluble counterpart. The PfωTA-CLEA was successfully used in the bioamination of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to 4-hydroxybenzylamine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a transaminase cross-linked enzyme aggregates as immobilization strategy to generate a biocatalyst with outstanding thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Catálisis Heterogénea en Síntesis Orgánicas Selectivas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Erienne Jackson
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Cuareim 1441, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Ripoll
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Cuareim 1441, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Catálisis Heterogénea en Síntesis Orgánicas Selectivas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, CICbiomaGUNE Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lorena Betancor
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Cuareim 1441, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Pinto GB, Mendes FML, Antunes AMDS. Technological Profile of Lipases in the Pharmaceutical Industry. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190913181530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, enzymes have been the target of considerable research, development,
and innovation. This paper presents an up-to-date overview of the technological application of lipases
in the pharmaceutical industry. Lipases have been used in a variety of ways in the pharmaceutical
industry, both for obtaining bioactive molecules to overcome limitations in the formulation of medicines
and in drug design. This is possible from alternative technologies, such as immobilization and
the use of non-aqueous solvents that allow the use of lipases in commercial-scale processes. In addition,
other technologies have provided the emergence of differentiated and more specific lipases in
order to meet the perspectives of industrial processes. The research indicates that the following years
should be promising for the application of lipase in the industrial biocatalysis and in drug design.
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li C, Song H. Multi-enzyme pyruvate removal system to enhance ( R)-selective reductive amination of ketones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28984-28991. [PMID: 35520080 PMCID: PMC9055928 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic transamination is widely used in industrial production of chiral chemicals. Here, we constructed a novel multi-enzyme system to promote the conversion of the amination reaction. Firstly, we constructed the ArR-ωTA/TdcE/FDH/LDH multi-enzyme system, by combination of (R)-selective ω-transaminase derived from Arthrobacter sp. (ArR-ωTA), formate dehydrogenase (FDH) derived from Candida boidinii, formate acetyltransferase (TdcE) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) derived from E. coli MG1655. This multi-enzyme system was used to efficiently remove the by-product pyruvate by TdcE and LDH to facilitate the transamination reaction. The TdcE/FDH pathway was found to dominate the by-product pyruvate removal in the transamination reaction. Secondly, we optimized the reaction conditions, including d-alanine, DMSO, and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) with different concentration of 2-pentanone (as a model substrate). Thirdly, by using the ArR-ωTA/TdcE/FDH/LDH system, the conversions of 2-pentanone, 4-phenyl-2-butanone and cyclohexanone were 84.5%, 98.2% and 79.3%, respectively. The ArR-ωTA/TdcE/FDH/LDH system is an efficient system for increasing the conversion in the transamination reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China +86-18722024233
| | - Yanshu Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China +86-18722024233
| | - Chao Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China +86-18722024233
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China +86-18722024233
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