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Barry TJ, Hallford DJ. Transdiagnostic and transtherapeutic strategies for optimising autobiographical memory. Behav Res Ther 2024; 180:104575. [PMID: 38852230 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Our memories for past personally experienced autobiographical events play an important role in therapy, irrespective of presenting issue, diagnoses or therapeutic modality. Here, we summarise evidence for how autobiographical memory abilities can influence our mental health and the relevance of this for the treatment of mental health problems. We then guide the reader through principles and strategies for optimising autobiographical memory within treatment. We ground these recommendations within research for stand-alone interventions for improving autobiographical memory and from studies of how to support the formation and retrieval of therapeutic memories. Options are given for clinicians to guide clients in improving retrieval of autobiographical memories within treatment, for improving autobiographical memory for the therapeutic experience itself, and for creating improvements in autobiographical memory that endure post-treatment. We also provide worksheets for clinicians to use within treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Barry
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | - D J Hallford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Miguel-Alvaro A, Messman BA, Weiss NH, Contractor AA. Do childhood experiences influence associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and positive autobiographical memories among military veteran students? An exploratory study. Memory 2024; 32:540-551. [PMID: 38727529 PMCID: PMC11262963 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2348685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and features of positive autobiographical memories (accessibility, vividness, coherence, sharing, emotional intensity, distancing). There is a knowledge gap on how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may influence these relationships. OBJECTIVES The current study explored whether the number ACEs or BCEs moderated associations between PTSD symptom severity and features of positive autobiographical memories. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample included 124 student military veterans who had experienced a trauma (Mage = 33.90; 77.4% male; 75.0% White). RESULTS Path analyses showed more PTSD symptom severity was significantly associated with less positive autobiographical memory vividness (β = -0.26, p = .019, R2 = 0.06). Further, the number of ACEs moderated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and positive autobiographical memory accessibility (β = -0.25, p = .023, R2 = 0.10) and vividness (β = -0.20, p = .024, R2 = 0.10). Among individuals with more ACEs (1 SD above the mean) compared to those with fewer ACEs (1 SD below the mean), less accessibility and vividness of positive autobiographical memories was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity. The number of BCEs was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS Positive memory-based interventions may be particularly useful to address PTSD symptoms among military veterans with a history of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett A Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Devitt AL, Roberts R, Metson A, Tippett LJ, Addis DR. Neural substrates of specific and general autobiographical memory retrieval in younger and older adults. Neuropsychologia 2024; 193:108754. [PMID: 38092333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with a shift away from the retrieval of specific episodic autobiographical memories (AMs), towards more general and semanticized memories. Younger adults modulate activity in the default mode network according to the episodic specificity of AM retrieval. However, little is known about whether aging disrupts this neural modulation. In the current study we examine age-related changes in the modulation of whole-brain networks in response to three tasks falling along a gradient of episodic specificity. Younger and older adults retrieved specific (unique) AMs, general (routine) AMs, and semantic (general knowledge) memories. We found that both younger and older adults modulated default mode regions in response to varying episodic specificity. In addition, younger adults upregulated activity in several default mode regions with increasing episodic specificity, while older adults either did not modulate these regions, or downregulated activity in these regions. In contrast, older adults upregulated activity in the left temporal pole for tasks with higher episodic specificity. These brain activation patterns converge with prior findings that specific AMs are diminished in episodic richness with age, but are supplemented with conceptual and general information. Age-related reductions in the modulation of default mode regions might contribute to the shift away from episodic retrieval and towards semantic retrieval, resulting in reduced episodic specificity of personal memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleea L Devitt
- School of Psychology, The University of Waikato, New Zealand.
| | - Reece Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Abby Metson
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynette J Tippett
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Donna Rose Addis
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Hoffmann F, Linz R, Steinbeis N, Bauer M, Dammering F, Lazarides C, Klawitter H, Bentz L, Entringer S, Winter SM, Buss C, Heim C. Children with maltreatment exposure exhibit rumination-like spontaneous thought patterns: association with symptoms of depression, subcallosal cingulate cortex thickness, and cortisol levels. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:31-41. [PMID: 37402634 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is associated with pervasive risk for depression. However, the immediate cognitive and neural mechanisms that mediate this risk during development are unknown. We here studied the impact of maltreatment on self-generated thought (SGT) patterns and their association with depressive symptoms, subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) thickness, and cortisol levels in children. METHODS We recruited 183 children aged 6-12 years, 96 of which were exposed to maltreatment. Children performed a mind wandering task to elicit SGTs. A subgroup of children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (N = 155) for SCC thickness analyses and saliva collection for quantification of free cortisol concentrations (N = 126) was collected. Using network analysis, we assessed thought networks and compared these networks between children with and without maltreatment exposure. Using multilevel analyses, we then tested the association between thought networks of children with maltreatment exposure with depressive symptoms, SCC thickness, and cortisol levels. RESULTS Children exposed to maltreatment generated fewer positively valenced thoughts. Network analysis revealed rumination-like thought patterns in children with maltreatment exposure, which were associated with depressive symptoms, SCC thickness, and cortisol levels. Children with maltreatment exposure further exhibited decreased future-self thought coupling, which was associated with depressive symptoms, while other-related and past-oriented thoughts had the greatest importance within the network. CONCLUSIONS Using a novel network analytic approach, we provide evidence that children exposed to maltreatment exhibit ruminative clustering of thoughts, which is associated with depressive symptoms and neurobiological correlates of depression. Our results provide a specific target for clinical translation to design early interventions for middle childhood. Targeting thought patterns in children with maltreatment exposure may be an effective strategy to effectively mitigate depression risk early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Hoffmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Linz
- Research Group "Social Stress and Family Health", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Steinbeis
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Dammering
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Lazarides
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Klawitter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Bentz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Safe & Healthy Children, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Brandeis BO, Siegle GJ, Franzen P, Soehner A, Hasler B, McMakin D, Young K, Buysse DJ. Subjective and neural reactivity during savoring and rumination. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:1568-1580. [PMID: 37726588 PMCID: PMC10684651 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive thinking about negative emotions or events is strongly associated with worse mental health, whereas repetitive positive thought is generally believed to be beneficial. This observation is at odds with the idea that all forms of repetitive thinking share underlying neural mechanisms. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, the present study examined relationships between subjective affect and neural mechanisms during periods of sustained processing of positive (savoring) and negative (rumination) emotion. We also examined potential common moderators of savoring and rumination including memory specificity and sleep quality. Results indicated that individuals who experience high positive affect during savoring also are likely to experience more intense negative affect during rumination. fMRI-derived brain activity revealed common mechanisms of rumination and savoring. Memory specificity had common effects on neural correlates of rumination and savoring; sleep quality was not associated with mechanisms of savoring or rumination. These results suggest that repetitive engagement with positive and negative affect is similar both subjectively and mechanistically. Clinical interventions for rumination may benefit from capitalizing on preserved capacity for savoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg J Siegle
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Peter Franzen
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adriane Soehner
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brant Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dana McMakin
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kym Young
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Xu R, Jin CY, Gu R, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Luo YJ. Emotional autobiographical memory retrieval in time domain. Memory 2023; 31:1062-1073. [PMID: 37428138 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is an important psychological phenomenon that has significance for self-development and mental health. The psychological mechanisms of emotional AM retrieval and their association with individual emotional symptoms remain largely unclear in the literature. For this purpose, the current study provided cue words to elicit emotional AMs. Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with the retrieval process of AMs were recorded and analyzed. We found that the ERP component N400 was sensitive to both emotional valence and retrieval state, such that its amplitude was larger for negative compared to positive AMs, and larger responses for unrecalled compared to recalled AMs. Further, the N400 amplitude in the positive recalled condition was correlated with individual difference in depression (measured by the Beck Depression Inventory). Another ERP component, the late positive potential (LPP), was also sensitive to emotional valence, such that its amplitude was larger (i.e., more positive-going) for positive compared to negative cues. No significant effect was observed on the early ERP components P1, N1, or P2. The current findings bring new understanding on the difference between positive and negative AMs retrieval in the time domain. Also, the importance of this difference to the individual level of depression is worth noting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Christina Yi Jin
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Tourism, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Kent L. Mental Gravity: Depression as Spacetime Curvature of the Self, Mind, and Brain. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1275. [PMID: 37761574 PMCID: PMC10528036 DOI: 10.3390/e25091275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The principle of mental gravity contends that the mind uses physical gravity as a mental model or simulacrum to express the relation between the inner self and the outer world in terms of "UP"-ness and "DOWN"-ness. The simulation of increased gravity characterises a continuum of mental gravity which states includes depression as the paradigmatic example of being down, low, heavy, and slow. The physics of gravity can also be used to model spacetime curvature in depression, particularly gravitational time dilation as a property of MG analogous to subjective time dilation (i.e., the slowing of temporal flow in conscious experience). The principle has profound implications for the Temporo-spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC) with regard to temporo-spatial alignment that establishes a "world-brain relation" that is centred on embodiment and the socialisation of conscious states. The principle of mental gravity provides the TTC with a way to incorporate the structure of the world into the structure of the brain, conscious experience, and thought. In concert with other theories of cognitive and neurobiological spacetime, the TTC can also work towards the "common currency" approach that also potentially connects the TTC to predictive processing frameworks such as free energy, neuronal gauge theories, and active inference accounts of depression. It gives the up/down dimension of space, as defined by the gravitational field, a unique status that is connected to both our embodied interaction with the physical world, and also the inverse, reflective, emotional but still embodied experience of ourselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Kent
- Mental Wellbeing Initiatives, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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Wang Y, Ye JY, Lui SSY, Chan RCK. Mental time travel in psychiatric disorders. Psych J 2023; 12:543-546. [PMID: 36814086 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Mental time travel (MTT) refers to the ability to mentally re-experience the past and pre-experience the future. Here we briefly review impairments in MTT, its underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms, and ways to improve MTT in psychiatric patients. Future research directions on MTT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Ye
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lathan A, Dritschel B. Increasing autobiographical memory specificity: Using kindness meditation to impact features of memory retrieval. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287007. [PMID: 37379263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a history of depression have an increased risk for future episodes. This risk has been linked with impaired features of autobiographical memory retrieval that remain when depressive symptoms abate, including memory specificity, remoteness, valence, and vantage perspective. Rumination has been shown to influence these impairments and can be reduced via compassion training. We therefore investigated the effects of a self-compassion meditation on autobiographical memory retrieval in remitted depression. Baseline data were collected (n = 50) using an extended version of the Autobiographical Memory Test where participants with remitted depression retrieved specific memories from a remote time period (10 cues) and from any time period (10 cues). Valence and vantage perspective were rated. Participants were then randomly allocated to a self-compassion meditation or (control) colouring intervention group. Baseline measures were reassessed after four weeks of the intervention. Results revealed increased retrieval of specific memories in the self-compassion group in comparison to the colouring group, and an increase in positive and field memories across groups while no remoteness changes were observed. This self-compassion meditation demonstrated initial promise as an intervention to influence features of autobiographical memory retrieval in remitted depression. Improvements were shown in specificity, valence, and vantage perspective. Addressing these features with this type of intervention might reduce a cognitive vulnerability to depression and should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lathan
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Dritschel
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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10
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Ye JY, Qin XJ, Cui JF, Shi HS, Liu JL, Huang J, Wang Y, Yang TX, Lui SSY, Wang Y, Chan RCK. Neural correlates of mental time travel in individuals with high level of schizotypy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 124:110734. [PMID: 36796475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to re-experience past events (autobiographic memory, AM) and pre-experience possible future events (episodic future thinking, EFT) through mental simulation. Empirical findings suggest that individuals with high level of schizotypy exhibit MTT impairment. However, the neural correlates of this impairment remain unclear. METHOD Thirty-eight individuals with high level of schizotypy and 35 low level of schizotypy were recruited to complete an MTT imaging paradigm. Participants were required to recall past events (AM condition), imagine possible future events (EFT condition) related to cue words, or generate exemplars related to category words (control condition) while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). RESULTS AM showed greater activation in precuneus, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and middle frontal gyrus than EFT. Individuals with high level of schizotypy exhibited reduced activation in the left anterior cingulate cortex during AM (vs. Control) and in the medial frontal gyrus during EFT (vs. Control) compared to individuals with low level of schizotypy. Although psychophysiological interaction analyses did not show any significant group difference, individuals with high level of schizotypy exhibited functional connectivity between left anterior cingulate cortex (seed) and right thalamus, between medial frontal gyrus (seed) and left cerebellum during MTT, whereas individuals with low level of schizotypy did not exhibit these functional connectivities. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that decreased brain activations may underlie MTT deficits in individuals with high level of schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Ye
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Qin
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Research Center for Information and Statistics, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Song Shi
- Mental Health Education Center, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Talarico JM. A tetrahedral model of autobiographical memory research design. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2023; 14:e1615. [PMID: 35843707 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of autobiographical memory can do more to be representative of global populations experiencing and recollecting diverse events across the lifespan. To inspire such work, I present a general model for designing autobiographical memory studies. The tetrahedral model (based on Jenkins, 1979) has at its vertices context (e.g., the situated environment, activated schema, or functional goal), outcomes (e.g., the content and phenomenology of remembering), participants (e.g., the demographic characteristics and traits of the individual), and events (e.g., the lived experiences that comprise an individual's autobiography). Further, the area of the base of the pyramid can represent the time frame under investigation (e.g., the wider the distance, the greater the delay between an experience and its retrieval) and the height of the pyramid can represent the sample size (e.g., nearly flat for a case study, increasingly taller for larger groups) being studied. After applying the model to describe how typical autobiographical memory research is conducted (and briefly identifying the limitations therein), representative models of particularly promising areas of research are highlighted. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory.
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Barry TJ, Takano K, Hallford DJ, Roberts JE, Salmon K, Raes F. Autobiographical memory and psychopathology: Is memory specificity as important as we make it seem? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2023; 14:e1624. [PMID: 36178082 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several decades of research have established reduced autobiographical memory specificity, or overgeneral memory, as an important cognitive factor associated with the risk for and maintenance of a range of psychiatric diagnoses. In measuring this construct, experimenters code autobiographical memories for the presence or absence of a single temporal detail that indicates that the remembered event took place on a single, specific, day (Last Thursday when I rode bikes with my son), or multiple days (When I rode bikes with my son). Studies indicate that the specificity of memories and the amount of other episodic detail that they include (e.g., who, what, and where) are related and may rely on the same neural processes to elicit their retrieval. However, specificity and detailedness are nonetheless separable constructs: imperfectly correlated and differentially associated with current and future depressive symptoms and other associated intrapersonal (e.g., rumination) and interpersonal (e.g., social support) outcomes. The ways in which the details of our memories align with narrative themes (i.e., agency, communion, identity) and the coherence with which these details are presented, are also emerging as important factors associated with psychopathology. The temporal specificity of autobiographical memories may be important, but other memory constructs warrant further attention in research and theory, especially given the associations, and dependencies, between each of these constructs. Researchers in this area must consider carefully whether their research questions necessitate a focus on autobiographical memory specificity or whether a more inclusive analysis of other autobiographical memory features is necessary and more fruitful. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Barry
- Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology, The University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - John E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Karen Salmon
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Filip Raes
- Centre for Learning Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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De Wandel L, De Smet S, Pulopulos MM, Lemmens GMD, Hidalgo V, Salvador A, Vanderhasselt MA, Pruessner J, Baeken C. The effects of left dorsolateral prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on episodic future thinking following acute psychosocial stress. Memory 2023; 31:380-392. [PMID: 36724995 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2162083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on stress-related disorders and brain imaging suggests that (acute) stress might impact the capacity to mentally simulate specific episodic future events (EFT) through the effects of cortisol on brain regions supporting this cognitive function, such as the prefrontal cortices. This study aims to examine the mechanisms underlying this link, using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. METHODS 60 healthy participants were subjected to the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST), followed by either active or sham tDCS. After stimulation, the EFT task was administered. Salivary cortisol was measured throughout the protocol. RESULTS Higher cortisol AUCi values were linked to less specific episodic future thoughts. Moreover, active tDCS enhanced EFT specificity irrespective of cortisol, especially in high trait ruminators. We did not observe an effect from active tDCS on cortisol AUCi, and equally there was no interaction effect between cortisol AUCi and stimulation condition predictive for EFT specificity. CONCLUSION Although we did not find evidence for the effects of tDCS on the HPA-system, our data reveal a crucial link between two critical predictors of mental health for the first time, and provide a solution to help rehabilitate EFT deficits.Trial registration: Netherlands National Trial Register identifier: ntr004..
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde De Wandel
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Smet
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matias M Pulopulos
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gilbert M D Lemmens
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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14
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McAdams CJ, Efseroff B, McCoy J, Ford L, Timko CA. Social Processing in Eating Disorders: Neuroimaging Paradigms and Research Domain Organizational Constructs. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:777-788. [PMID: 36417153 PMCID: PMC10373941 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Social and environmental factors have been related to both symptom expression of disordered eating in individuals and changes in the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in populations. Neural differences in processing social information may contribute to EDs. This review assesses the evidence for aberrant neural responses during social processing in EDs. RECENT FINDINGS This review examines how constructs within the social processing domain have been evaluated by neuroimaging paradigms in EDs, including communication, affiliation, and understanding of both oneself and others. Differences related to social processing in EDs include altered processing for self-relevant stimuli, in the context of identity, valence, expectations, and affiliative relationships. Future work is needed to integrate how differences in processing social stimuli relate to alterations in cognitive control and reward as well as specific disordered eating symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Brayden Efseroff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jordan McCoy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lauren Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - C Alix Timko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
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15
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Cawley E, Piazza G, Das RK, Kamboj SK. A systematic review of the pharmacological modulation of autobiographical memory specificity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1045217. [PMID: 36452391 PMCID: PMC9703074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over-general autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval is proposed to have a causal role in the maintenance of psychological disorders like depression and PTSD. As such, the identification of drugs that modulate AM specificity may open up new avenues of research on pharmacological modeling and treatment of psychological disorders. Aim The current review summarizes randomized, placebo-controlled studies of acute pharmacological modulation of AM specificity. Method A systematic search was conducted of studies that examined the acute effects of pharmacological interventions on AM specificity in human volunteers (healthy and clinical participants) measured using the Autobiographical Memory Test. Results Seventeen studies were identified (986 total participants), of which 16 were judged to have low risk of bias. The presence and direction of effects varied across drugs and diagnostic status of participants (clinical vs. healthy volunteers). The most commonly studied drug-hydrocortisone-produced an overall impairment in AM specificity in healthy volunteers [g = -0.28, CI (-0.53, -0.03), p = 0.03], although improvements were reported in two studies of clinical participants. In general, studies of monoamine modulators reported no effect on specificity. Conclusion Pharmacological enhancement of AM specificity is inconsistent, although monaminergic modulators show little promise in this regard. Drugs that reduce AM specificity in healthy volunteers may be useful experimental-pharmacological tools that mimic an important transdiagnostic impairment in psychological disorders. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020199076, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020199076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cawley
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Kéri S. Trauma and Remembering: From Neuronal Circuits to Molecules. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1707. [PMID: 36362862 PMCID: PMC9699199 DOI: 10.3390/life12111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience intrusions of vivid traumatic memories, heightened arousal, and display avoidance behavior. Disorders in identity, emotion regulation, and interpersonal relationships are also common. The cornerstone of PTSD is altered learning, memory, and remembering, regulated by a complex neuronal and molecular network. We propose that the essential feature of successful treatment is the modification of engrams in their unstable state during retrieval. During psychedelic psychotherapy, engrams may show a pronounced instability, which enhances modification. In this narrative review, we outline the clinical characteristics of PTSD, its multifaceted neuroanatomy, and the molecular pathways that regulate memory destabilization and reconsolidation. We propose that psychedelics, acting by serotonin-glutamate interactions, destabilize trauma-related engrams and open the door to change them during psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Kéri
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; ; Tel.: +36-1463-1273
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Ren LY, Cicvaric A, Zhang H, Meyer MA, Guedea AL, Gao P, Petrovic Z, Sun X, Lin Y, Radulovic J. Stress-induced changes of the cholinergic circuitry promote retrieval-based generalization of aversive memories. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3795-3805. [PMID: 35551246 PMCID: PMC9846583 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Generalization, the process of applying knowledge acquired in one context to other contexts, often drives the expression of similar behaviors in related situations. At the cellular level, generalization is thought to depend on the activity of overlapping neurons that represent shared features between contexts (general representations). Using contextual fear conditioning in mice, we demonstrate that generalization can also occur in response to stress and result from reactivation of specific, rather than general context representations. We found that generalization emerges during memory retrieval, along with stress-induced abnormalities of septohippocampal oscillatory activity and acetylcholine release, which are typically found in negative affective states. In hippocampal neurons that represent aversive memories and drive generalization, cholinergic septohippocampal afferents contributed to a unique reactivation pattern of cFos, Npas4, and repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). Together, these findings suggest that generalization can be triggered by perceptually dissimilar but valence-congruent memories of specific aversive experiences. Through promoting the reactivation of such memories and their interference with ongoing behavior, abnormal cholinergic signaling could underlie maladaptive cognitive and behavioral generalization linked to negative affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Y Ren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariah Aa Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anita L Guedea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zorica Petrovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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18
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Lam K, Barry TJ, Hallford DJ, Jimeno MV, Solano Pinto N, Ricarte JJ. Autobiographical Memory Specificity and Detailedness and Their Association with Depression in Early Adolescence. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2022.2083138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom J. Barry
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | | | - Maria V. Jimeno
- School of Law, Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Jorge J. Ricarte
- School of Education, Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
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19
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A Survey on EEG Signal Processing Techniques and Machine Learning: Applications to the Neurofeedback of Autobiographical Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10233037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a general overview regarding neural recording, classical signal processing techniques and machine learning classification algorithms applied to monitor brain activity is presented. Currently, several approaches classified as electrical, magnetic, neuroimaging recordings and brain stimulations are available to obtain neural activity of the human brain. Among them, non-invasive methods like electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly employed, as they can provide a high degree of temporal resolution (on the order of milliseconds) and acceptable space resolution. In addition, it is simple, quick, and does not create any physical harm or stress to patients. Concerning signal processing, once the neural signals are acquired, different procedures can be applied for feature extraction. In particular, brain signals are normally processed in time, frequency, and/or space domains. The features extracted are then used for signal classification depending on its characteristics such us the mean, variance or band power. The role of machine learning in this regard has become of key importance during the last years due to its high capacity to analyze complex amounts of data. The algorithms employed are generally classified in supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement techniques. A deep review of the most used machine learning algorithms and the advantages/drawbacks of most used methods is presented. Finally, a study of these procedures utilized in a very specific and novel research field of electroencephalography, i.e., autobiographical memory deficits in schizophrenia, is outlined.
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20
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Thomas KG, Bradley H, Chen A, Lipinska G. Trauma survivors with disrupted sleep generate less specific and less emotional autobiographical memories. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
Depression is both prevalent and costly, and many individuals do not adequately respond to existing psychopharmacological and behavioral interventions. The current article describes the use of neuroscience in augmenting behavioral interventions for depression in two primary areas: anhedonia and cognitive deficits/biases. Neuroscience research has increased our understanding of the neural bases of reward processing and regulation of positive affect, and anhedonia among depressed samples can be related to deficits in each of these domains. Treatments that specifically target reward processing and regulation of positive affect in order to reduce anhedonia represent a recent advance in the field. Depression is also associated with aberrant processes relating to working memory, autobiographical memory, attentional bias, and interpretive bias. Neuroscience findings have increasingly been leveraged to augment the efficacy of cognitive-training and bias-modification interventions in these domains. The use of neuroscience to inform the development and augmentation of behavioral interventions for depression is a promising avenue of continued research.
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22
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Ahmadi Forooshani S, Murray K, Khawaja N, Izadikhah Z. Identifying the Links Between Trauma and Social Adjustment: Implications for More Effective Psychotherapy With Traumatized Youth. Front Psychol 2021; 12:666807. [PMID: 33967924 PMCID: PMC8100691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Past research has highlighted the role of trauma in social adjustment problems, but little is known about the underlying process. This is a barrier to developing effective interventions for social adjustment of traumatized individuals. The present study addressed this research gap through a cognitive model. Methods: A total of 604 young adults (aged 18–24; living in Australia) from different backgrounds (refugee, non-refugee immigrant, and Australian) were assessed through self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed through path analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Two path analyses were conducted separately for migrant (including non-refugee and refugee immigrants) and Australian groups. Results: Analyses indicated that cognitive avoidance and social problem solving can significantly mediate the relation between trauma and social adjustment (p < 0.05). The model explaining this process statistically fit the data (e.g., NFI, TLI, CFI > 0.95). According to the model, reacting to trauma by cognitive avoidance (i.e., chronic thought suppression and over-general autobiographical memory) can disturb the cognitive capacities that are required for social problem solving. Consequently, a lack of effective social problem solving significantly hinders social adjustment. There were no significant differences among the Australian, non-refugee immigrant and refugee participants on the dependent variables. Moreover, the hypothesized links between the variables was confirmed similarly for both migrant (including refugee and non-refugee immigrants) and Australian groups. Conclusion: The findings have important implications for interventions targeting the social adjustment of young individuals. We assert that overlooking the processes identified in this study, can hinder the improvement of social adjustment in young adults with a history of trauma. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Murray
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nigar Khawaja
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zahra Izadikhah
- School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
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23
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Hakamata Y, Mizukami S, Izawa S, Moriguchi Y, Hori H, Matsumoto N, Hanakawa T, Inoue Y, Tagaya H. Childhood trauma affects autobiographical memory deficits through basal cortisol and prefrontal-extrastriate functional connectivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105172. [PMID: 33831650 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological trauma can damage the brain, especially in areas where glucocorticoid receptors are expressed, via perturbed secretion of cortisol. Childhood trauma is associated with blunted basal cortisol secretion, brain alterations, and autobiographical memory deficits referred to as overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM). However, it remains unknown whether childhood trauma affects OGM through altered cortisol and brain alterations. METHODS Using resting-state fMRI in 100 healthy humans, we examined whether childhood trauma affects OGM through its related basal cortisol and brain functional connectivity (FC). Trauma and OGM were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), respectively. Basal cortisol levels were measured by 10 points-in-time across two days. Multiple mediation analysis was employed. RESULTS CTQ was associated with greater semantic-associate memory of OGM, a retrieval tendency toward semantic content with no specific contextual details of an experienced event, as well as blunted basal cortisol levels. While CTQ was correlated with decreased FC between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), it showed a more predominant correlation with increased FC between the lateral and anteromedial PFC and extrastriate cortex. Importantly, the increased prefrontal-extrastriate FC completely mediated the relationship between CTQ and semantic-associate memory, affected by hyposecretion of cortisol. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma may lead to the lack of visuoperceptual contextual details in autobiographical memory by altering basal cortisol secretion and connectivity of the prefrontal-hippocampal-extrastriate regions. The intensified prefrontal-extrastriate connectivity may contribute to OGM formation by strengthening the semantic content in memory retrieval. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the trauma-cortisol-brain-memory link will provide important clinical implications for trauma-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hakamata
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan; Department of Health Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Japan; Department of Clinical Psychology, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan.
| | - Shinya Mizukami
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kitasato University School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Shuhei Izawa
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan; Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Tagaya
- Department of Health Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Japan
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24
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Barry TJ, Sewart AR, Adam EK, Zinbarg RE, Mineka S, Craske MG. The longitudinal association between individual differences in recall of positive specific autobiographical memories and daily cortisol. Biol Psychol 2021; 162:108086. [PMID: 33775736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the longitudinal association between cortisol (dys)regulation - mean cortisol awakening response (CAR) and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) for total daily cortisol - and autobiographical memory. 135 participants (mean age at baseline = 16.1; Females = 78.5 %) provided cortisol samples (T1). Seven months later participants retrieved autobiographical memories cued by positive and negative words (T2). Four years subsequently, participants provided cortisol samples again (T3). The retrieval of more specific memories cued by positive words, but not negative words, was associated with higher AUCg four years later, independent of sex, recent life stressors and self-reported negative self-related cognitions. There were no associations between CAR and autobiographical memory. Neither AUC nor CAR at T1 predicted subsequent autobiographical memory abilities. People who retrieve more positive specific memories may be more likely to imagine and seek out positive experiences and this may be associated with higher cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Barry
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Researching Emotional Disorders and Development Lab, The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R Sewart
- UCLA Anxiety and Depression Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emma K Adam
- School of Education and Social Policy and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Richard E Zinbarg
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Sue Mineka
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Michelle G Craske
- UCLA Anxiety and Depression Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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25
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Kwok SC, Xu X, Duan W, Wang X, Tang Y, Allé MC, Berna F. Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia: A narrative review and proposed agenda for research. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 83:101956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Hallford DJ, Barry TJ, Belmans E, Raes F, Dax S, Nishiguchi Y, Takano K. Specificity and detail in autobiographical memory retrieval: a multi-site (re)investigation. Memory 2020; 29:1-10. [PMID: 33135956 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1838548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This investigation examined conflicting suggestions regarding the association between problems retrieving specific autobiographical memories and the tendency to retrieve the details of these memories. We also examined whether these tendencies are differentially related to depression symptoms. U.S., Belgian, Hong Kong and Japanese participants retrieved memories related to cue words. Responses were coded for if they referred to a specific event (i.e., an event lasting less than 24 h) and their details (What? Where? Who?). Across sites, and in meta-analyses, the retrieval of more specific memories was associated with retrieval of more details. Memories that were specific included more detail than non-specific memories. Across sites, retrieval of more specific memories and more detail was associated with less severe depression symptoms. Episodic specificity and detailedness are related but separable constructs. Future investigations of autobiographical memory specificity, and methods for alleviating problematic specificity, should consider measures of episodic detailedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom J Barry
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eline Belmans
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Raes
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samantha Dax
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuki Nishiguchi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
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27
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Van den Bergh O, Brosschot J, Critchley H, Thayer JF, Ottaviani C. Better Safe Than Sorry: A Common Signature of General Vulnerability for Psychopathology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:225-246. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620950690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several labels, such as neuroticism, negative emotionality, and dispositional negativity, indicate a broad dimension of psychopathology. However, largely separate, often disorder-specific research lines have developed that focus on different cognitive and affective characteristics that are associated with this dimension, such as perseverative cognition (worry, rumination), reduced autobiographical memory specificity, compromised fear learning, and enhanced somatic-symptom reporting. In this article, we present a theoretical perspective within a predictive-processing framework in which we trace these phenotypically different characteristics back to a common underlying “better-safe-than-sorry” processing strategy. This implies information processing that tends to be low in sensory-perceptual detail, which allows threat-related categorical priors to dominate conscious experience and for chronic uncertainty/surprise because of a stagnated error-reduction process. This common information-processing strategy has beneficial effects in the short term but important costs in the long term. From this perspective, we suggest that the phenomenally distinct cognitive and affective psychopathological characteristics mentioned above represent the same basic processing heuristic of the brain and are only different in relation to the particular type of information involved (e.g., in working memory, in autobiographical memory, in the external and internal world). Clinical implications of this view are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jos Brosschot
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
- Laboratorio di Neuroimmagini Funzionali, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Nieto M, Navarro-Bravo B, Moreno B, Ocana A, Serrano JP, Boix Gras C, Ricarte J, Fernández-Aguilar L, Ros L, Latorre JM. Functioning of autobiographical memory specificity and self-defining memories in people with cancer diagnosis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8126. [PMID: 31875144 PMCID: PMC6925954 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive and emotional disturbances have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Autobiographical memory is one of the specific cognitive processes affected during this disease. The current study had two main aims: (1) to compare the functioning of autobiographical memory specificity and its related variables (executive functioning, depression and perceived stress) in a group of persons with cancer and a control group; and (2) to analyze whether the experience of cancer evolved into a self-defining memory in the sample of participants diagnosed with this disease. METHOD The study sample comprised 62 participants, 31 in the group with a cancer diagnosis and 31 in the control group. Autobiographical memory specificity, executive functions, depression, stress and self-defining memory were evaluated in the current study. RESULTS Depressive symptomatology and reduced executive functioning, but not perceived stress levels, are related and are predictors of autobiographical memory specificity. In addition, the identified characteristics of the self-defining memories were associated with the cancer experience as a threat to physical integrity and an awareness of the meaning of life. CONCLUSION This emerging research line is especially important in view of its possible impacts on patients' well-being, due to the importance of psychological processes in cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Beatriz Navarro-Bravo
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete, Fundación del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Albacete, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Asociación Costuras en la Piel en Apoyo a la Unidad de Investigación de Cáncer, ACEPAIN, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, and CIBERONC, Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Serrano
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Clotilde Boix Gras
- Centro de salud zona 8, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luz Fernández-Aguilar
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Martens K, Takano K, Barry TJ, Holmes EA, Wyckaert S, Raes F. Remediating reduced memory specificity in bipolar disorder: A case study using a Computerized Memory Specificity Training. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01468. [PMID: 31747124 PMCID: PMC6908894 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reduced autobiographical memory specificity (rAMS) is a vulnerability factor found across unipolar depression (UD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder (BD). A group delivered psychological therapy training called Memory Specificity Training (MeST) remediates rAMS in UD and PTSD, with additional downstream effects on related psychological processes and symptoms. Its impact in BD is unknown. In this case study, we examined the impact of a computerized version of MeST (c-MeST) on improving AMS and related symptoms and processes in participant with rapid cycling type I BD. METHOD An experimental case study with an ABA design was used. During baseline (14 days, Phase A), the training phase (nine sessions across 17 days, Phase B), and a 1-month follow-up (Phase A), memory specificity, depressive symptoms, and related processes and symptoms were repeatedly measured. RESULTS Memory specificity increased significantly after the participant completed c-MeST. Session-to-session scores indicated that AMS improved most from the in-person baseline assessment to the first online session. All other measures of processes and symptoms deteriorated during the training phase but regressed to baseline during follow-up. CONCLUSION Memory specificity was improved as indicated by increased AMS from pre-intervention measurement to 1-month follow-up. Other improvements in symptoms were not observed. Rather, some related maladaptive psychological processes and symptoms worsened during the training phase and regressed to baseline during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Martens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Tom J. Barry
- Department of PsychologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of PsychologyThe Institute of PsychiatryKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Sabine Wyckaert
- University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus KortenbergKortenbergBelgium
| | - Filip Raes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Martens K, Barry TJ, Takano K, Onghena P, Raes F. Efficacy of online Memory Specificity Training in adults with a history of depression, using a multiple baseline across participants design. Internet Interv 2019; 18:100259. [PMID: 31890612 PMCID: PMC6926331 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Memory Specificity Training (MeST), a group training protocol, is effective in improving autobiographical memory specificity (AMS), and in so doing, reducing emotional disorder symptoms amongst clinical groups. We examined MeST's effectiveness when the core component (memory specificity trials) is offered online and individually (c-MeST). METHODS A multiple-baseline across-participants design with a randomization-to-baseline length (14 to 33 days) was used. Participants were twenty adults (16 female; M age = 50, SD = 12) experiencing reduced AMS, at least one lifetime depressive episode and who currently reported at least minimal depressive symptoms. During baseline, the training phase (nine sessions across 17 days) and a three-month follow-up assessment, AMS, depressive symptoms and related processes were measured. RESULTS AMS improved significantly by three months follow-up. Session-to-session scores indicated that AMS improved most from baseline to the first online session, with no further improvement thereafter. In contrast to studies with clinical participants, no significant change in symptoms or secondary processes such as rumination was found. CONCLUSIONS Translating MeST into an online, individual version is a feasible, low-cost intervention for reduced AMS. Future research should examine c-MeST's potential for preventing increases in symptoms in at-risk samples with longer follow-ups as well as its potential for reducing symptoms in clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Martens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom J. Barry
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology, The Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Onghena
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Raes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lee A, Ryu H. Comparison of the change in interpretative stances of lifelog photos versus manually captured photos over time. ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/oir-03-2018-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how people differently create meaning from photos taken by either a lifelogging camera (LC) (i.e. automatic capture) or a mobile phone camera (MC) (i.e. manual capture). Moreover, the paper investigates the different changes in the interpretative stance of lifelog photos and manually captured photos over time to figure out how the LC application could support the users’ iconological interpretation of their past.
Design/methodology/approach
A 200-day longitudinal study was conducted with two different user groups that took and reviewed photos taken by either a LC or a MC. The study was structured in two phases: a photo collection phase, which lasted for five days (Day 1‒Day 5), and a three-part semi-structured interview phase, which was conducted on Days 8, 50 and 200.
Findings
Results revealed that the interpretative stance of the LC group changed greatly compared to the MC group that kept a relatively consistent interpretative stance over time. A significant difference between the two groups was revealed on Day 200 when the lifelog photos provoked a more iconological and less pre-iconographical interpretative stance. This stance allowed the viewers of lifelog photos to systemically interpret the photos and look back upon their past with different viewpoints that were not recognized before.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to further understand the dynamic change in interpretative stance of lifelog photos compared to manually captured photos through a longitudinal study. The results of this study can support the design guidelines for a LC application that could give opportunities for users to create rich interpretations from lifelog photos.
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Gallouj K, Robin F. Visual imagery: The past and future as seen by patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Conscious Cogn 2019; 68:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Farina FR, Barry TJ, Damme I, Hie T, Raes F. Depression diagnoses, but not individual differences in depression symptoms, are associated with reduced autobiographical memory specificity. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 58:173-186. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom J. Barry
- The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London UK
| | - Ilse Damme
- University of Hasselt Belgium
- University of Leuven Belgium
| | - Thijs Hie
- University of Leuven Belgium
- Centre for Mental Health Haacht Belgium
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