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de Carvalho TB, Oliveira M, Gomes AM, Monteiro MJ, Pintado M, Komora N, Durães T, Nunes FM, Cosme F, Patarata L, Brandão TRS, Barbosa JB, Teixeira P. Clean labelling sodium nitrite at pilot scale: In-situ reduction of nitrate from plant sources and its effects on the overall quality and safety of restructured cooked ham. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109572. [PMID: 38970932 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Growing health and environmental concerns have increased demand for all-natural products, with a focus on clean labelling. Sodium nitrite is the most widely used additive in the meat industry because it imparts the typical cured flavour and colour to meat products and, most importantly, their microbiological safety. However, due to health concerns, the European Commission is proposing revised regulations to reduce nitrate and nitrite levels in meat products. As a result, the meat industry is actively seeking alternatives. This study explored the production of four cooked hams utilising nitrate-rich vegetable sources combined with two different nitrate-reducing commercial food cultures, alongside a control ham prepared with sodium nitrite (150 ppm). Microbiological, physico-chemical (pH, water activity, nitrate and nitrite concentration, lipid profile, lipid oxidation) and sensory (texture and colour profile) characterisation of the products was carried out. Challenge tests for Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium perfringens have been performed to assess the growth of pathogens, if present in the products. Results revealed comparable microbiological and physico-chemical profiles across ham formulations, with minor differences observed in colour parameters for sample C. The sensory analysis showed that for the pilot ham formulations A and D, there were no significant differences in consumer perception compared to the control ham. In the challenge tests, L. monocytogenes levels were similar in both control and tested hams. There were no significant differences in C. sporogenes and C. perfringens counts at any temperature or between test and control samples. These results indicate that this technology has a potential future in the cured meat sector, as regulators mandate the reduction of added synthetic chemicals and consumers seek healthier and more natural ingredients in their daily diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bento de Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Monteiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Norton Komora
- R&D Department, Primor Charcutaria Prima - S.A., Avenida Santiago de Gavião 1142, 4760-003 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Tiago Durães
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real, FoodWin - Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real, FoodWin - Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real, FoodWin - Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Patarata
- CECAV - Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Universidade-de-Trás-os-Montes e Alto, Portugal
| | - Teresa R S Brandão
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Bastos Barbosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Liu C, Gao S, Han X, Tian Y, Ma J, Wang W, Chen XW, Chen ML, Zhang Y. A violet light-emitting diode-based gas-phase molecular absorption device for measurement of nitrate and nitrite in environmental water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124423. [PMID: 38759395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive device for the detection of nitrite and nitrate in environmental waters was developed based on visible light gas-phase molecular absorption spectrometry. By integrating a detection cell (DC), semiconductor refrigeration temperature-controlling system (SRTCY), and nitrite reactor into a sequential injection analysis system, trace levels of nitrite and nitrate in complex matrices were successfully measured. A low energy-consuming light-emitting diode (violet, 400-405 nm) was coupled with a visible light-to-voltage converter (TSL257) to measure the gas-phase molecular absorption. To reduce the interference of water vapor, an SRTCY was used to condense the water vapor on-line before the gas-phase analyte entered the DC. The DC was radiatively heated by the SRTCY to avoid water vapor condensation in the light path. As a result, the obtained baseline noise reduced 3.75 times than that of without SRTCY. Under the optimized conditions, the device achieved limits of detection (3σ/k) of 0.055 and 0.36 mmol/L (0.77 and 5.04 mg N/L) for nitrite and nitrate, respectively, and the linear calibration ranges were 0.1-15 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9946) and 1-10 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9995), respectively. Precisions of 5.2 % and 9.0 % were achieved for ten successive determinations of 0.3 mmol/L nitrite and 1.0 mmol/L nitrate, and the analytical times for nitrite and nitrate determination were 5 and 13 min, respectively. This method was validated against standard methods and recovery tests, and it was applied to the measurement of nitrite and nitrate in environmental waters. Moreover, a device was designed to enable the field measurement of nitrite and nitrate in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Liu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Han
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong Tian
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xu-Wei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Intelligent Policing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Bae SM, Jeong JY. The Potential Substitution of Oyster Shell Powder for Phosphate in Pork Patties Cured with Chinese Cabbage and Radish Powder. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:849-860. [PMID: 38974733 PMCID: PMC11222693 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of natural ingredients in meat processing has recently gained considerable interest, as consumers are increasingly attracted to clean-label meat products. However, limited research has been conducted on the use of natural substitutes for synthetic phosphates in the production of clean-label meat products. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential of oyster shell powder as a substitute for synthetic phosphates in pork patties cured with Chinese cabbage or radish powders. Four different groups of patties were prepared using a combination of 0.3% or 0.6% oyster shell powder and 0.4% Chinese cabbage or radish powder, respectively. These were compared with a positive control group that contained added nitrite, phosphate, and ascorbate and a negative control group without these synthetic ingredients. The results showed that patties treated with oyster shell powder had lower (p<0.05) cooking loss, thickness and diameter shrinkage, and lipid oxidation than the negative control but had lower (p<0.05) residual nitrite content and curing efficiency than the positive control. However, the use of 0.6% oyster shell powder adversely affected the curing process, resulting in a decreased curing efficiency. The impact of the vegetable powder types tested in this study on the quality attributes of the cured pork patties was negligible. Consequently, this study suggests that 0.3% oyster shell powder could serve as a suitable replacement for synthetic phosphate in pork patties cured with Chinese cabbage or radish powders. Further research on the microbiological safety and sensory evaluation of clean-label patties during storage is required for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Bae
- Department of Food Science &
Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Jong Youn Jeong
- Department of Food Science &
Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
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Wójciak K, Materska M, Pełka A, Michalska A, Małecka-Massalska T, Kačániová M, Čmiková N, Słowiński M. Effect of the Addition of Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) on the Protein Profile, Antiradical Activity, and Microbiological Status of Raw-Ripening Pork Sausage. Molecules 2024; 29:2249. [PMID: 38792111 PMCID: PMC11124098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of adding dandelion extract on the characteristics of raw-ripening pork sausages while reducing the nitrite addition from 150 to 80 mg/kg. The sausages were made primarily from pork ham (80%) and pork jowl (20%). The process involved curing, preparing the meat stuffing, forming the links, and then subjecting the sausages to a 21-day ripening period. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, water activity, and oxidation-reduction potential were compared at the beginning of production and after the ripening process. The study also examined the impact of ripening on protein metabolism in pork sausages and compared the protein profiles of different sausage variants. The obtained research results indicate that dandelion-leaf extract (Taraxacum officinale) were rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, and their derivatives (LC-QTOF-MS method). Antiradical activity test against the ABTS+* and DPPH radical, and the TBARS index, demonstrated that addition of dandelion (0.5-1%) significantly improved the oxidative stability of raw-ripening sausages with nitrite content reduction to 80 mg/kg. A microbiological evaluation of the sausages was also carried out to assess the correctness of the ripening process. The total number of viable bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and coliforms were evaluated and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wójciak
- Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Materska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Pełka
- Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Agata Michalska
- Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Teresa Małecka-Massalska
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia or (M.K.); (N.Č.)
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Natália Čmiková
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia or (M.K.); (N.Č.)
| | - Mirosław Słowiński
- Division of Meat Technology, Department of Food Technology and Food Evaluation, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
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Premi L, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Morelli L, Rebecchi A. Replacement of nitrates and nitrites in meat-derived foods through the utilization of coagulase-negative staphylococci : A review. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100731. [PMID: 38623273 PMCID: PMC11016579 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrates and nitrites, which are synthetic additives, are traditionally used as curing agents in meat-based products. These synthetic additives are employed in the preparation of fermented meat foods to improve quality characteristics and microbiological safety, develop distinct flavours and red-colour stability, and counteract lipid oxidation. Nitrites also display significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against spoilage microorganisms and foodborne pathogens (such as Clostridium botulinum and Listeria monocytogenes). However, meat curing is currently under scrutiny because of its links to cardiovascular diseases and colorectal cancer. Based on the current literature, this review provides recent scientific evidence on the potential utilisation of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as nitrate and nitrite substitutes in meat-based foods. Indeed, CNS are reported to reproduce the characteristic red pigmentation and maintain the typical high-quality traits of cured-meats, thanks to their arginine degradation pathway, thus providing the nitrite-related desirable attributes in cured meat. The alternative strategy, still based on the NOS pathway, consisting of supplementing meat with arginine to release nitric oxide (NO) and obtain a meat characterised by the desired pinkish-red colour, is also reviewed. Exploiting NOS-positive CNS strains seems particularly challenging because of CNS technological adaptation and the oxygen dependency of the NOS reaction; however, this exploitation could represent a turning point in replacing nitrates and nitrites in meat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Premi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rebecchi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
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Molina JRG, Frías-Celayeta JM, Bolton DJ, Botinestean C. A Comprehensive Review of Cured Meat Products in the Irish Market: Opportunities for Reformulation and Processing. Foods 2024; 13:746. [PMID: 38472858 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cured meat products constitute one of the meat categories commonly consumed in Ireland and has been part of the Irish cuisine and diet for many years. Ham, gammon, and bacon are some of the products that involve curing as part of the traditional processing methods. Common among these products are high levels of salt and the addition of nitrites. These products undergo processing treatments to create variety, preserve shelf-life, and develop their unique quality and safety characteristics. However, consumers are becoming more conscious of the level of processing involved in these products, and the effects of some components and ingredients might be perceived as unhealthy. Meat product developers have been exploring ways to reduce the amount of ingredients such as salt, saturated fat, and chemical preservatives (e.g., nitrites), which are linked to health concerns. This is a challenging task as these ingredients play an important techno-functional role in the products' quality, safety, and identity. While innovative processing techniques are being introduced and progress has been made in reformulation and packaging technologies, much is still unknown, especially regarding the applicability of many of the proposed interventions to a wide range of meat products and their sustainability at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Roland G Molina
- Food Industry Development Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jesús M Frías-Celayeta
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cristina Botinestean
- Food Industry Development Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
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Llauger M, Guerrero L, Arnau J, Morera A, Wakamatsu JI, Lorenzo JM, Bou R. Zinc Protoporphyrin-Rich Pork Liver Homogenates as Coloring Ingredients in Nitrite-Free Liver Pâtés. Foods 2024; 13:533. [PMID: 38397510 PMCID: PMC10887533 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the coloring ingredient potential of liver homogenates that form Zn protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a natural red pigment, after anaerobic incubation. Liver homogenates were used to develop nitrite-free sterile pork liver pâtés. These homogenates were applied in the formulation of pâtés directly or after centrifugation to obtain a pellet that was highly concentrated in ZnPP. Both the whole homogenate and its insoluble fraction were adjusted to pH 7.5 before their use in the formulation of pâtés with and without antioxidant (0.5% ascorbate plus 0.1% tocopherol) addition. Pâtés formulated with the whole homogenate showed color and texture characteristics that were similar to those of the positive control with nitrite. However, high levels of the insoluble fraction also led to pâtés with improved color characteristics but with a two-fold softened texture. Therefore, the form and amount of ZnPP added played roles in the final appearance of the product. The ZnPP pigment was more stable than heme in the sterilization treatment, and antioxidant addition proved to be unnecessary. The ZnPP-rich ingredients allowed for the preparation of nitrite-free cooked liver pâtés with a stable red color and could thus be potentially applied in other uncured cooked meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Llauger
- Food Safety and Functionality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s.n., 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Luis Guerrero
- Food Technology and Product Quality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s.n., 17121 Monells, Spain; (L.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Jacint Arnau
- Food Technology and Product Quality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s.n., 17121 Monells, Spain; (L.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Afra Morera
- Food Safety and Functionality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s.n., 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Jun-ichi Wakamatsu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ricard Bou
- Food Safety and Functionality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s.n., 17121 Monells, Spain
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Cava R, Ladero L, Riaguas E, Vidal-Aragón MC. Assessing the Impact of Pomegranate Peel Extract Active Packaging and High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Color and Oxidative Stability in Sliced Nitrate/Nitrite-Reduced Iberian Dry-Cured Loins. Foods 2024; 13:360. [PMID: 38338496 PMCID: PMC10855663 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the impact of active packaging with pomegranate peel extract (0.06 mg gallic acid eq./cm2) and/or high-pressure treatment (600 MPa, 7 min) on the instrumental color, lipid, and protein oxidation of Iberian dry loins formulated with reduced nitrate/nitrite levels (0, 37.5, and 150 mg/kg) during 100-day refrigerated storage (4 °C). CIE L*a*b* coordinates were measured, and malondialdehyde, carbonyls, and free thiol contents served as markers for lipid and protein oxidation. Active packaging lowered CIE L* (35.4 vs. 34.1) and a* (15.5 vs. 14.5) and increased yellowness (15.6 vs. 16.3) and hue (45.2 vs. 48.4), while pressurization increased CIE L* (33.1 vs. 36.3) and diminished a* values (16.1 vs. 13.9). Ongoing nitrate/nitrite amounts significantly influenced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, and free thiol loss. Active packaging and high-pressure processing had varying effects on carbonyl and thiol contents. Neither pressurization nor active packaging impacted malondialdehyde formation. Pressurization enhanced the formation of 4-HNE (503 vs. 697 pg/g). Protein oxidation proved more sensitive to changes, with active packaging offering protection against protein carbonylation (15.4 vs. 14.7 nmol carbonyls/mg protein), while pressurization induced thiol loss (34.3 vs. 28.0 nmol Cys eq./mg protein). This comprehensive understanding provides essential insights for the meat industry, emphasizing the necessity for customized processing conditions to enhance color stability, lipid preservation, and protein integrity in dry-cured loin slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cava
- Universidad de Extremadura, Tradinnoval Research Group, INBIO G+C, Campus Universitario, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Ladero
- R&D Department, INCARLOPSA, 37770 Guijuelo, Spain;
| | - Enrique Riaguas
- Universidad de Extremadura, Complejo Universitario Santa Ana, 06200 Almendralejo, Spain; (E.R.); (M.C.V.-A.)
| | - M. Carmen Vidal-Aragón
- Universidad de Extremadura, Complejo Universitario Santa Ana, 06200 Almendralejo, Spain; (E.R.); (M.C.V.-A.)
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Zheng Z, Tian M, Liao G, Chen G, Zhong Y, Yang Y, Wang G. Evaluation of the effects of compound curing agents on the lipid profiles and volatile flavors in Nuodeng ham based on lipidomics and GC-IMS analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113810. [PMID: 38163715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Eighteen raw legs were evenly divided into two groups and salted with 100% NaCl and compound curing agent (60% NaCl + 40% KCl + 90 mg/kg NaNO2) to investigate the effect of compound curing agent on lipid metabolites and volatile flavor compounds in Nuodeng ham. The results of UHPLC-QE-MS and GC-IMS combined with multivariate statistical analysis showed that 27 lipid metabolites and 30 characteristic volatile flavor compounds were identified as characteristic markers in different treatment groups. The compound curing agent promoted the release of TG, SQDG, Hex1Cer, and LPC in Nuodeng ham, and accelerated the formation of volatile compounds such as 2-propanone, nonanal-d, gamma-butyrolactone, ethhyl acetate and benzeneacetaldehyde et al. Through correlation analysis, ketones were positively correlated with some PUFAs and negatively correlated with most MUFAs. Processing Nuodeng ham with compound curing agents has a positive effect on improving its quality. These findings provide a scientific theoretical basis for the development and utilization of compound curing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mei Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guozhou Liao
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Guanghui Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanru Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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10
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Wang H, Sui Y, Liu J, Kong B, Li H, Qin L, Chen Q. Analysis and comparison of the quality and flavour of traditional and conventional dry sausages collected from northeast China. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100979. [PMID: 38022737 PMCID: PMC10661686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical properties and flavour profile of traditional dry sausages (T-SH, T-DXAL, T-HG, T-MDJ, T-HRB) collected from various wet markets were compared with those of conventional dry sausages (C-QL, C-ND, C-YSD, C-YC, C-HRL) collected from various food companies in northeast China. Traditional dry sausages were characterised by a low moisture content, a low water activity, and a high shear force after a long fermentation time compared with conventional dry sausages. Electronic nose and electronic tongue signals combined with chemometrics methods were applied for a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the odour and taste of dry sausages. A total of 61 volatile compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the multivariate chemometrics analysis confirmed the difference in volatile compounds between traditional and conventional samples. Moreover, the sensory evaluation revealed that conventional dry sausages lacked the characteristic fermented flavour of traditional dry sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yumeng Sui
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Huiyao Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Ligang Qin
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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11
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Nieto G, Martínez-Zamora L, Peñalver R, Marín-Iniesta F, Taboada-Rodríguez A, López-Gómez A, Martínez-Hernández GB. Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds as Replacers of Synthetic Additives in the Food Industry. Foods 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 38201075 PMCID: PMC10778451 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the Codex Alimentarius, a food additive is any substance that is incorporated into a food solely for technological or organoleptic purposes during the production of that food. Food additives can be of synthetic or natural origin. Several scientific evidence (in vitro studies and epidemiological studies like the controversial Southampton study published in 2007) have pointed out that several synthetic additives may lead to health issues for consumers. In that sense, the actual consumer searches for "Clean Label" foods with ingredient lists clean of coded additives, which are rejected by the actual consumer, highlighting the need to distinguish synthetic and natural codded additives from the ingredient lists. However, this natural approach must focus on an integrated vision of the replacement of chemical substances from the food ingredients, food contact materials (packaging), and their application on the final product. Hence, natural plant alternatives are hereby presented, analyzing their potential success in replacing common synthetic emulsifiers, colorants, flavorings, inhibitors of quality-degrading enzymes, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. In addition, the need for a complete absence of chemical additive migration to the food is approached through the use of plant-origin bioactive compounds (e.g., plant essential oils) incorporated in active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Lorena Martínez-Zamora
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Rocío Peñalver
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
- Agrosingularity, Calle Pintor Aurelio Pérez 12, 30006 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Gómez
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
| | - Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
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12
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Zhai Y, Abe H, Wang HC, Hayakawa T, Kumura H, Wakamatsu JI. Dissociation of ferriheme from oxidized heme proteins and re-reduction of ferriheme to ferroheme are crucial for the formation of zinc protoporphyrin IX in nitrite/nitrate-free dry-cured meat products. Food Chem 2023; 427:136755. [PMID: 37399643 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) is the dominant red pigment in nitrate/nitrite-free dry-cured meat products such as Parma ham, and it is considered to be a potential alternative to nitrite/nitrate for reddening dry-cured meat products. Ferroheme and ferriheme dissociated from heme proteins in meat were proposed as substrates to form ZnPP. To elucidate their specific formation mechanism, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and azide were used to stable heme in heme proteins. The exogenous hemoglobin derivatives bound with these ligands showed lower heme dissociation compared with exogenous oxyhemoglobin and did not contribute to ZnPP formation. Meanwhile, azide inhibited almost all ZnPP formation by binding to ferriheme, indicating ferriheme dissociation from oxidized heme proteins, predominantly for ZnPP formation. Free ferriheme could not be converted to ZnPP unless it was reduced to ferroheme. Overall, ferriheme dissociated from oxidized heme proteins was the dominant substrate for conversion to ZnPP after re-reduction to ferroheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhai
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Haruka Abe
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Hung-Cheng Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Toru Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Haruto Kumura
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Wakamatsu
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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13
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Guéraud F, Buisson C, Promeyrat A, Naud N, Fouché E, Bézirard V, Dupuy J, Plaisancié P, Héliès-Toussaint C, Trouilh L, Martin JL, Jeuge S, Keuleyan E, Petit N, Aubry L, Théodorou V, Frémaux B, Olier M, Caderni G, Kostka T, Nassy G, Santé-Lhoutellier V, Pierre F. Effects of sodium nitrite reduction, removal or replacement on cured and cooked meat for microbiological growth, food safety, colon ecosystem, and colorectal carcinogenesis in Fischer 344 rats. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:53. [PMID: 37805637 PMCID: PMC10560221 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicated that processed meat consumption is associated with colorectal cancer risks. Several studies suggest the involvement of nitrite or nitrate additives via N-nitroso-compound formation (NOCs). Compared to the reference level (120 mg/kg of ham), sodium nitrite removal and reduction (90 mg/kg) similarly decreased preneoplastic lesions in F344 rats, but only reduction had an inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes growth comparable to that obtained using the reference nitrite level and an effective lipid peroxidation control. Among the three nitrite salt alternatives tested, none of them led to a significant gain when compared to the reference level: vegetable stock, due to nitrate presence, was very similar to this reference nitrite level, yeast extract induced a strong luminal peroxidation and no decrease in preneoplastic lesions in rats despite the absence of NOCs, and polyphenol rich extract induced the clearest downward trend on preneoplastic lesions in rats but the concomitant presence of nitrosyl iron in feces. Except the vegetable stock, other alternatives were less efficient than sodium nitrite in reducing L. monocytogenes growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Guéraud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Naud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Bézirard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Dupuy
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Plaisancié
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lidwine Trouilh
- Plateforme Genome et Transcriptome (GeT-Biopuces), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martin
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sabine Jeuge
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Eléna Keuleyan
- INRAE, UR370 QuaPA, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Noémie Petit
- INRAE, UR370 QuaPA, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Laurent Aubry
- INRAE, UR370 QuaPA, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bastien Frémaux
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Tina Kostka
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gilles Nassy
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Fabrice Pierre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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14
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Dos Santos BA, da Fontoura AM, Correa LP, Pinton MB, Padilha M, Fracari PR, Ribeiro SR, Wagner R, Cichoski AJ, Barin JS, Campagnol PCB. Jabuticaba peel extract and nisin: A promising combination for reducing sodium nitrite in Bologna-type sausages. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109273. [PMID: 37419026 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a 50% reduction in sodium nitrite and the addition of nisin (200 mg/kg) and different concentrations (0, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) of jabuticaba peel extract (JPE) on the main attributes affected by this chemical additive in Bologna-type sausages. The modified treatments showed approximately 50% lower residual nitrite than the control throughout the storage (60 days at 4 °C). The proposed reformulation did not affect the color (L*, a*, and b*), and the ΔE values (< 2) demonstrated high color stability during storage. Physicochemical (TBARS and volatile compounds) and sensory analyses performed to evaluate oxidative stability indicated that JPE exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to sodium nitrite. The microbiological quality of the reformulated products was similar to the control, but further studies should be conducted to assess the effect of this reformulation strategy on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms impacted by nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leticia Pereira Correa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Basso Pinton
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milena Padilha
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Stephanie Reis Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Smanioto Barin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Leães YSV, Lorenzo JM, Seibt ACMD, Pinton MB, Robalo SS, Mello RDO, Wagner R, Barin JS, De Menezes CR, Campagnol PCB, Cichoski AJ. Do ultrasound form spontaneously nitrous pigments in nitrite-free pork meat batter? Meat Sci 2023; 203:109231. [PMID: 37263032 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ultrasound (US) on myoglobin modification, nitrous pigment formation, color, and total and free sulfhydryl content in nitrite-free pork meat batter were assessed. Five treatments were elaborated: Control (without US); TUS10'12 and TUS20'12 (sonication at 25 kHz, at 12 °C for 10 and 20 min, respectively); TUS10'18 and TUS20'18 (sonication at 25 kHz, at 18 °C for 10 and 20 min, respectively). Sonication for 20 min at 12 °C increased OxyMb and DeoxyMb pigments while reducing MetMb levels. This US condition also yielded higher red color indices and lower yellow color indices. Moreover, TUS20'12 exhibited enhanced nitrous pigment formation and decreased FerrylMb and free sulfhydryl (SH) values, indicating reduced oxidation in OxyMb and DeoxyMb pigments. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that US can impart a cured color to nitrite-free meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmim Sena Vaz Leães
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Mariana Basso Pinton
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvino Sasso Robalo
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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16
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Jin SK, Kim GD. Effects of nitrite-rich and pigment-rich substitutes for sodium nitrite on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type pork sausages during cold storage. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109193. [PMID: 37068409 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrite-rich (celery powder; CP) and pigment-rich (purple sweet potato powder, PSP; red beet powder, RB) substitutes for synthetic sodium nitrite (CON) on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type pork sausages during four weeks of cold storage. Natural substitutes decreased the pH, lightness, and textural properties of pork sausages during storage (P < 0.05). Pigment-rich substitutes showed a decreased antioxidant effect after two weeks of storage when compared to the nitrite-rich groups (CON and CP; P < 0.05). Pigment-rich substitutes also accelerated the discoloration of pork sausages by increasing yellowness (RB and PSP) and decreasing redness (PSP) during storage (P < 0.05). However, these two pigment-rich substitutes showed different trends in redness (higher in PSP and lower in RB) and yellowness (higher in RB and lower in PSP) when compared to the nitrite-rich groups (CON and CP). Different types (nitrite-rich and pigment-rich) of natural substitutes for sodium nitrite had different effects on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type pork sausages throughout the four weeks of storage evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Keun Jin
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Akansel B, Yılmaz Oral ZF, Sallan S, Kaban G, Kaya M. Effect of Black Garlic on Microbiological Properties, Lipid Oxidation, Residual Nitrite, Nitrosamine Formation and Sensory Characteristics in a Semi-Dry Fermented Sausage. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071545. [PMID: 37048366 PMCID: PMC10094117 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of different black garlic (BG) levels (1%, 2% and 3%) on quality characteristics of a semi-dry fermented sausage (heat-treated sucuk). In addition, the effect of cooking time (0, 1 or 3 min at 180 °C on a hot plate) on nitrosamine formation was investigated. Fresh garlic (FG, 1%) was evaluated as the control group. BG (2% and 3%) caused a reduction in the count of lactic acid bacteria while leading to an increase in pH. FG1% gave the highest number of Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, as well as aw value. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value increased with increasing BG levels. FG (1%) showed the highest residual nitrite amount (p < 0.05). The scores for color, taste and general acceptability were reduced by the use of BG (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the garlic treatments in terms of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) when no additional cooking was applied. Cooking time was determined to have no significant effect on NDMA in 3% BG. The use of BG caused an increase in N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) (p < 0.05). As for PCA, a closer correlation between NPIP and the groups containing BG was observed, while there was a strong correlation between NDMA and the FG group cooked for 3 min. The use of BG caused an increase in NPIP, but affected NDMA and NDEA depending on the cooking time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Akansel
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, TR-25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Feyza Yılmaz Oral
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Atatürk University, TR-25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Selen Sallan
- Departmet of Food Processing, Bandırma Vocational School, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, TR-10200 Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Güzin Kaban
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, TR-25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mükerrem Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, TR-25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
- MK Consulting, Ata Teknokent, TR-25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
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18
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Serdaroğlu M, Can H, Sarı B, Kavuşan HS, Yılmaz FM. Effects of natural nitrite sources from arugula and barberry extract on quality characteristic of heat-treated fermented sausages. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109090. [PMID: 36610293 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the effects of natural nitrite sources from the arugula leaves (arugula extract and pre-converted arugula extract) and the use of barberry extract (BE) in heat-treated fermented sausage formulations. Eight different sausages were manufactured as follows: pre-converted arugula extract (PA), arugula extract (A), pre-converted arugula extract + BE (PAB), arugula extract + BE (AB), nitrite +BE (POB), no nitrite+ BE (NEB), also positive and negative control groups were prepared with (POC) or without nitrite (NEC). The addition of arugula and barberry extracts reduced the residual nitrite content, in fact PAB had the lowest value with a reduction ratio of 47%. The addition of BE lowered the lipid oxidation compared to other counterparts. The use of arugula extract or pre-converted arugula extract resulted in a lower carbonylation than nitrite free samples. The use of natural extracts lowered the a* and b* values compared to control. At the end of the storage, no differences were observed on the overall acceptability of all samples. Combined use of barberry extract with arugula and pre-converted arugula extracts could be used as alternative novel curing agent in heat-treated fermented sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Serdaroğlu
- Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Can
- Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Sarı
- Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, School of Applied Sciences, Kapadokya University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Serpil Kavuşan
- Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Yılmaz
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Aydın, Turkey
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19
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Shen Q, Zeng X, Kong L, Sun X, Shi J, Wu Z, Guo Y, Pan D. Research Progress of Nitrite Metabolism in Fermented Meat Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071485. [PMID: 37048306 PMCID: PMC10094046 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrite is a common color and flavor enhancer in fermented meat products, but its secondary amines may transfer to the carcinogen N-nitrosamines. This review focuses on the sources, degradation, limitations, and alteration techniques of nitrite. The transition among NO3− and NO2−, NH4+, and N2 constitutes the balance of nitrogen. Exogenous addition is the most common source of nitrite in fermented meat products, but it can also be produced by contamination and endogenous microbial synthesis. While nitrite is degraded by acids, enzymes, and other metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), four nitrite reductase enzymes play a leading role. At a deeper level, nitrite metabolism is primarily regulated by the genes found in these bacteria. By incorporating antioxidants, chromogenic agents, bacteriostats, LAB, or non-thermal plasma sterilization, the amount of nitrite supplied can be decreased, or even eliminated. Finally, the aim of producing low-nitrite fermented meat products is expected to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
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20
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Yoon J, Bae SM, Jeong JY. Effects of Nitrite and Phosphate Replacements for Clean-Label Ground Pork Products. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:232-244. [PMID: 36909851 PMCID: PMC9998192 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different phosphate replacements on the quality of ground pork products cured with sodium nitrite or radish powder to determine their potential for achieving clean-label pork products. The experimental design was a 2×5 factorial design. For this purpose, the ground meat mixture was assigned into two groups, depending on nitrite source. Each group was mixed with 0.01% sodium nitrite or 0.4% radish powder together with 0.04% starter culture, and then processed depending on phosphate replacement [with or without 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate; STPP (+), STPP (-), 0.5% oyster shell calcium (OSC), 0.5% citrus fiber (CF), or 0.5% dried plum powder (DPP)]. All samples were cooked, cooled, and stored until analysis within two days. The nitrite source had no effect on all dependent variables of ground pork products. However, in phosphate replacement treatments, the STPP (+) and OSC treatments had a higher cooking yield than the STPP (-), CF, or DPP treatments. OSC treatment was more effective for lowering total fluid separation compared to STPP (-), CF, or DPP treatments, but had a higher percentage than STPP (+). The STPP (+) treatment did not differ from the OSC or CF treatments for CIE L* and CIE a*. Moreover, no differences were observed in nitrosyl hemochrome content, lipid oxidation, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness between the OSC and STPP (+) treatments. In conclusion, among the phosphate replacements, OSC addition was the most suitable to provide clean-label pork products cured with radish powder as a synthetic nitrite replacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Yoon
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Su Min Bae
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Jong Youn Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
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21
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Wójciak KM, Ferysiuk K, Kęska P, Materska M, Chilczuk B, Trząskowska M, Kruk M, Kołożyn-Krajewska D, Domínguez R. Reduction of Nitrite in Canned Pork through the Application of Black Currant ( Ribes nigrum L.) Leaves Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041749. [PMID: 36838736 PMCID: PMC9962172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium nitrite is a multifunctional additive commonly used in the meat industry. However, this compound has carcinogenic potential, and its use should be limited. Therefore, in this study the possibility of reducing the amount of sodium(III) nitrite added to canned meat from 100 to 50 mg/kg, while enriching it with freeze-dried blackcurrant leaf extract, was analyzed. The possibility of fortification of canned meat with blackcurrant leaf extract was confirmed. It contained significant amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoid derivatives. These compounds contributed to their antioxidant activity and their ability to inhibit the growth of selected Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, it was observed that among the three different tested doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) of the blackcurrant leaf extract, the addition of the highest dose allowed the preservation of the antioxidant properties of canned meat during 180 days of storage (4 °C). At the end of the storage period, this variant was characterized by antiradical activity against ABTS (at the level of 4.04 mgTrolox/mL) and the highest reducing capacity. The addition of 150 mg/kg of blackcurrant leaf extract caused a reduction in oxidative transformations of fat in meat products during the entire storage period, reaching a level of TBARS almost two times less than in the control sample. In addition, these products were generally characterized by stability (or slight fluctuations) of color parameters and good microbiological quality and did not contain N-nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Wójciak
- Department of Animal Raw Materials Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Ferysiuk
- Department of Animal Raw Materials Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Kęska
- Department of Animal Raw Materials Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-4623340
| | - Małgorzata Materska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Chilczuk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Trząskowska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruk
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
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22
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Sallan S, Yılmaz Oral ZF, Kaya M. A Review on the Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Formation and Reduction of Volatile Nitrosamines in Fermented Sausages. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040702. [PMID: 36832777 PMCID: PMC9955677 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrosamines are N-nitroso compounds with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties. These compounds could be found at certain levels in fermented sausages. Fermented sausages are considered to be a suitable environment for nitrosamine formation due to acid formation and reactions such as proteolysis and lipolysis during ripening. However, lactic acid bacteria (spontaneous or starter culture), which constitute the dominant microbiota, contribute significantly to nitrosamine reduction by reducing the amount of residual nitrite through nitrite degradation, and pH decrease has an important effect on the residual nitrite amount as well. These bacteria also play an indirect role in nitrosamine reduction by suppressing the growth of bacteria that form precursors such as biogenic amines. In recent years, research interest has focused on the degradation or metabolization of nitrosamines by lactic acid bacteria. The mechanism by which these effects are seen has not been fully understood yet. In this study, the roles of lactic acid bacteria on nitrosamine formation and their indirect or direct effects on reduction of volatile nitrosamines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Sallan
- Department of Food Processing, Bandırma Vocational School, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200 Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Feyza Yılmaz Oral
- Department of Food Technology, Erzurum Vocational School, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mükerrem Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
- Correspondence:
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23
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Pujol A, Ospina-E JC, Alvarez H, Muñoz DA. Myoglobin content and oxidative status to understand meat products’ color: Phenomenological based model. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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24
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Biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials for sensor applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jia J, Peng H, Qian Q, Pan Z, Liu D. Nitrite and nitrate in meat processing: Functions and alternatives. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100470. [PMID: 36891544 PMCID: PMC9986499 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat and meat products are important foods in the human diet, but there are concerns about their quality and safety. The discovery of carcinogenic and genotoxic N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) in processed meat products has had serious negative impacts on the meat industry. In order to clarify the relationship between the use of nitrite or nitrate and the safety of meat or meat products, we reviewed NOCs in meat and meat products, the origin and safety implications of NOCs, effects of nitrite and nitrate on meat quality, national regulations, recent publications concerning the using of nitrite and nitrate in meat or meat products, and reduction methods. By comparing and analyzing references, (1) we found antioxidant, flavor improvement and shelf-life extension effects were recently proposed functions of nitrite and nitrate on meat quality, (2) the multiple functions of nitrite and nitrate in meat and meat products couldn't be fully replaced by other food additives at present, (3) we observed that the residual nitrite in raw meat and fried meat products was not well monitored, (4) alternative additives seem to be the most successful methods of replacing nitrite in meat processing, currently. The health risks of consuming processed meat products should be further evaluated, and more effective methods or additives for replacing nitrite or nitrate are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jianlin Jia
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Haichuan Peng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Qin Qian
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dayu Liu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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26
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Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Macrì R, Scarano F, Coppoletta A, Cardamone A, Bosco F, Mollace R, Muscoli C, Palma E, Mollace V. The Generation of Nitric Oxide from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2: The Role of Dietary Nitrates and Their Implication in Cardiovascular Disease Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415454. [PMID: 36555095 PMCID: PMC9779284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced bioavailability of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling molecule has been associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. One of the better-known and effective therapies for cardiovascular disorders is the use of organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), which increases the concentration of NO. Unfortunately, chronic use of this therapy can induce a phenomenon known as "nitrate tolerance", which is defined as the loss of hemodynamic effects and a reduction in therapeutic effects. As such, a higher dosage of GTN is required in order to achieve the same vasodilatory and antiplatelet effects. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a cardioprotective enzyme that catalyzes the bio-activation of GTN to NO. Nitrate tolerance is accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic activation, as well as a loss of the catalytic activity of ALDH2 itself. On the basis of current knowledge, nitrate intake in the diet would guarantee a concentration of NO such as to avoid (or at least reduce) treatment with GTN and the consequent onset of nitrate tolerance in the course of cardiovascular diseases, so as not to make necessary the increase in GTN concentrations and the possible inhibition/alteration of ALDH2, which aggravates the problem of a positive feedback mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize data relating to the introduction into the diet of some natural products that could assist pharmacological therapy in order to provide the NO necessary to reduce the intake of GTN and the phenomenon of nitrate tolerance and to ensure the correct catalytic activity of ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, in Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, in Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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27
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Paulsen P, Csadek I, Bauer A, Bak KH, Weidinger P, Schwaiger K, Nowotny N, Walsh J, Martines E, Smulders FJM. Treatment of Fresh Meat, Fish and Products Thereof with Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Inactivate Microbial Pathogens and Extend Shelf Life. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233865. [PMID: 36496672 PMCID: PMC9740106 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Assuring the safety of muscle foods and seafood is based on prerequisites and specific measures targeted against defined hazards. This concept is augmented by 'interventions', which are chemical or physical treatments, not genuinely part of the production process, but rather implemented in the framework of a safety assurance system. The present paper focuses on 'Cold Atmospheric pressure Plasma' (CAP) as an emerging non-thermal intervention for microbial decontamination. Over the past decade, a vast number of studies have explored the antimicrobial potential of different CAP systems against a plethora of different foodborne microorganisms. This contribution aims at providing a comprehensive reference and appraisal of the latest literature in the area, with a specific focus on the use of CAP for the treatment of fresh meat, fish and associated products to inactivate microbial pathogens and extend shelf life. Aspects such as changes to organoleptic and nutritional value alongside other matrix effects are considered, so as to provide the reader with a clear insight into the advantages and disadvantages of CAP-based decontamination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Csadek
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kathrine H. Bak
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Schwaiger
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - James Walsh
- Centre for Plasma Microbiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Emilio Martines
- Department of Physics “G. Occhialini”, University of Milano—Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Frans J. M. Smulders
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3318
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28
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Huang P, Luo H, Chen C, Li P, Xu B. Bacterial nitric oxide synthase in colorizing meat products: Current development and future directions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4362-4372. [PMID: 36322689 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2141679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite has been widely used in meat products for its abilities including color formation, antimicrobial properties, flavor formation and preventing lipid oxidation. However, the possible generation of N-nitrosamines through reaction of nitrite with secondary amines arises many concerns in the usage of nitrite. For a long time, nitrite substitution is unsettled issue in the meat industry. Many attempts have been tried, however, the alternative solutions are often ephemeral and palliative. In recent years, bacterial nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) has received attention for its critical roles, especially in reddening meat products. This comprehensive background study summarizes the application of bNOS in colorizing meat products, its functions in bacteria, and methods of regulating the bNOS pathway. Based on this information, some strategies for promoting the nitric oxide yield for effectively substituting nitrite are presented, such as changing the environmental conditions for bacterial survival and adding substrate. Thus, bNOS is a promising nitrite substitute for color formation, and further research on its other roles in meat needs to be carried out to obtain the complete picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Huiting Luo
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Conggui Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peijun Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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29
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Zinc protoporphyrin IX predominantly exists as a complex non-enzymatically bound to apo-hemoglobin in Parma ham. Food Chem 2022; 395:133604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Szymański P, Łaszkiewicz B, Kern-Jędrychowska A, Siekierko U, Kołożyn-Krajewska D. The effect of the use of Limosilactobacillus fermentum S8 isolated from organic acid whey on nitrosyl pigment concentration and the colour formation of uncured cooked meat products. Meat Sci 2022; 196:109031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Shakil MH, Trisha AT, Rahman M, Talukdar S, Kobun R, Huda N, Zzaman W. Nitrites in Cured Meats, Health Risk Issues, Alternatives to Nitrites: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:3355. [PMID: 36359973 PMCID: PMC9654915 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrite is one of the most widely used curing ingredients in meat industries. Nitrites have numerous useful applications in cured meats and a vital component in giving cured meats their unique characteristics, such as their pink color and savory flavor. Nitrites are used to suppress the oxidation of lipid and protein in meat products and to limit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as Clostridium botulinum. Synthetic nitrite is frequently utilized for curing due to its low expenses and easier applications to meat. However, it is linked to the production of nitrosamines, which has raised several health concerns among consumers regarding its usage in meat products. Consumer desire for healthier meat products prepared with natural nitrite sources has increased due to a rising awareness regarding the application of synthetic nitrites. However, it is important to understand the various activities of nitrite in meat curing for developing novel substitutes of nitrites. This review emphasizes on the effects of nitrite usage in meat and highlights the role of nitrite in the production of carcinogenic nitrosamines as well as possible nitrite substitutes from natural resources explored also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mynul Hasan Shakil
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Anuva Talukder Trisha
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Suvro Talukdar
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Rovina Kobun
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Wahidu Zzaman
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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32
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Kaur R, Kaur L, Gupta TB, Singh J, Bronlund J. Multitarget preservation technologies for chemical-free sustainable meat processing. J Food Sci 2022; 87:4312-4328. [PMID: 36120824 PMCID: PMC9825855 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing consumer demand for safe and naturally processed meats, the meat industry is seeking novel methods to produce safe-to-consume meat products without affecting their sensory appeal. The green technologies can maintain the sensory and nutritive characteristics and ensure the microbial safety of processed meats and, therefore, can help to reduce the use of chemical preservatives in meat products. The use of chemical additives, especially nitrites in processed meat products, has become controversial because they may form carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, a few of which are suspected as cancer precursors. Thus, the objective of reducing or eliminating nitrite is of great interest to meat researchers and industries. This review, for the first time, discusses the influence of processing technologies such as microwave, irradiation, high-pressure thermal processing (HPTP) and multitarget preservation technology on the quality characteristics of processed meats, with a focus on their sensory quality. These emerging technologies can help in the alleviation of ingoing nitrite or formed nitrosamine contents in meat products. The multitarget preservation technology is an innovative way to enhance the shelf life of meat products through the combined use of different technologies/natural additives. The challenges and opportunities associated with the use of these technologies for processing meat are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- School of Food and Advanced TechnologyMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand,Riddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Lovedeep Kaur
- School of Food and Advanced TechnologyMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand,Riddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Tanushree B. Gupta
- AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- School of Food and Advanced TechnologyMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand,Riddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - John Bronlund
- School of Food and Advanced TechnologyMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand,Riddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
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33
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Tabanelli G, Barbieri F, Soglia F, Magnani R, Gardini G, Petracci M, Gardini F, Montanari C. Safety and technological issues of dry fermented sausages produced without nitrate and nitrite. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Green Technology for Pork Loin Wet Curing-Unconventional Use of Cow and Soy Milk Treated with Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162523. [PMID: 36010523 PMCID: PMC9407259 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using plasma-activated cow and soy milk powders as a substitute for sodium nitrite for wet curing of pork meat (m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum). Pork loin slices were cured for 4 d at refrigerate conditions in four brines: water + salt (NC group), water + salt + sodium nitrite (PC group), water + salt + plasma-activated cow milk powder (B1 group), and water + salt + plasma-activated soy milk powder (B2 group). Importantly, brines from groups PC, B1, and B2 were characterized by the same concentration of NO2− ions (200 ppm). Results show that samples from B1 and B2 groups had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of redness, nitrosylhemochrome content, and lower values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to samples from the NC group. At the same time, the groups cured with alternative curing agents were characterized by lower residual nitrite content with regard to groups cured with NaNO2. No significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) were found in pH and shear force values among the treatments. Finally, the aroma profile of the samples from groups B1 and B2 was similar to the aroma profile of the samples from the PC group (the aroma differed by a maximum of 1.73% in the case of brine containing plasma-activated cow milk powder) but differed significantly from the NC group (the aroma differed in 97.21%). Due to the higher nitrite depletion in the final product, while maintaining the quality parameters similar to traditionally cured pork loins, both alternative curing agents can be recommended, with a predominance of plasma-treated soy milk.
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35
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Babaoğlu AS, Karakaya M. Monitoring of the physicochemical, microbial, textural, and sensory properties of clean label sucuk produced with natural curing agents during the ripening period. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Demarco F, Rômio AP, da Trindade Alfaro A, Tonial IB. Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Lipid Oxidation, Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics, and Shelf Life of Sliced Salami. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sbardelotto PRR, Balbinot-Alfaro E, da Rocha M, Alfaro AT. Natural alternatives for processed meat: Legislation, markets, consumers, opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10303-10318. [PMID: 35647788 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Consumers' interest in food with less and/or free from synthetic additives has increased considerably in recent years. In this context, researchers and industries have concentrated efforts on developing alternatives to these compounds. Replacing synthetic additives in meat products is a challenge, given their importance for sensory characteristics and food safety. Complementary technologies combined with the replacement and/or reduction of synthetic additives (hurdle technologies) has been studied focusing on the protection and extension of the shelf life of meat products. This review reports alternatives for replacing and/or reducing the use of synthetic additives in meat derivatives, aiming at the development of more natural and simpler meat products, familiar to consumers and considered clean labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R R Sbardelotto
- Meat Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Evellin Balbinot-Alfaro
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Meritaine da Rocha
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre T Alfaro
- Meat Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
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38
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Functional and Clean Label Dry Fermented Meat Products: Phytochemicals, Bioactive Peptides, and Conjugated Linoleic Acid. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consumer demand for specific dietary and nutritional characteristics in their foods has risen in recent years. This trend in consumer preference has resulted in a strong emphasis in the meat industry and scientific research on activities aimed at improving the nutritional value of fermented meat products. These types of meat products are valued by modern consumers due to their nutritional value resulting, among others, from the method of production. One of the major focuses of the current innovations includes the incorporation of bioactive compounds from plant-based food, in relation to the replacement of additives that may raise concerns among consumers (mainly nitrate and nitrite) as well as the modification of processing conditions in order to increase the content of bioactive compounds. Many efforts have been focused on reducing or eliminating the presence of additives, such as curing agents (nitrite or nitrate) in accordance with the idea of “clean label”. The enrichment of fermented meat products in compounds from the plant kingdom can also be framed in the overall strategies of functional meat products design, so that the meat products may be used as the vehicle to deliver bioactive compounds that may exert benefits to the consumer.
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39
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Kaban G, Polat Z, Sallan S, Kaya M. The occurrence of volatile N-nitrosamines in heat-treated sucuk in relation to pH, a w and residual nitrite. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1748-1755. [PMID: 35531422 PMCID: PMC9046473 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence of volatile nitrosamines were investigated in heat-treated sucuk, a kind of semi-dry fermented sausage. The pH, aw and residual nitrite of the samples were also determined. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed in order to elucidate the relationship between nitrosamine and these variables. Significant differences between brands were found in terms of NDMA (N- Nitrosodimethylamine), NPYR (N-Nitrosopyrolidine) and NPIP (N-Nitrosopiperidine) (p < 0.05). NDMA and NPYR varied from 1.71 to 3.57 µg/kg and 1.65 to 7.29 µg/kg, respectively. Higher levels were found for NPIP (5.19 to 16.40 µg/kg). NDEA (N-Nitrosodiethylamine) and NDBA (N- Nitrosodibutylamine) were not found in any of the heat-treated sucuk samples. The residual nitrite content was under 10 mg/kg in all samples. The aw and pH values varied between 0.913 and 0.940 and between 4.28 and 5.47, respectively. In PC1 explaining 72% of the variance, NDMA and NPYR were placed on the negative side, NPIP on the positive side. Residual nitrite and aw were more effective for NPIP, while pH was an important parameter for NDMA and NPYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güzin Kaban
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Polat
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selen Sallan
- Department of Food Processing, Bandırma Vocational School, Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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40
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Ferysiuk K, Wójciak KM, Trząskowska M. Fortification of low‐nitrite canned pork with willow herb (
Epilobium angustifolium
L.). Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferysiuk
- Department of Animal Food Technology Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Skromna 8 Street 20‐704 Lublin Poland
| | - Karolina M. Wójciak
- Department of Animal Food Technology Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Skromna 8 Street 20‐704 Lublin Poland
| | - Monika Trząskowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene Chair of Food Hygiene and Quality Management Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Nowoursynowska 159c 02‐776 Warsaw Poland
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41
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Abstract
Given consumer demand for foods with fewer artificial additives, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of reduced use of nitrites and phosphates on dry-fermented sausage quality. Four sausage formulations were prepared: (1) control (using standard procedure with 0.2% phosphates and 110 mg/kg sodium nitrite) and formulations with (2) 50% less sodium nitrite, (3) 50% less sodium nitrite and sodium ascorbate (225 mg/kg), and (4) with standard nitrite but no phosphates. Weight loss and pH evolution were monitored during processing. The color, physicochemical (including oxidation), rheological, and sensory properties were evaluated on the finished product, as well as mold growth and microbiological status. Compared to control, nitrite reduction was associated with increased surface mold growth, reduced (3.0–4.4%) processing loss, and slightly higher oxidation (1.7 μg/kg more malondialdehyde) but without affecting instrumental color. The simultaneous addition of ascorbate reduced oxidation and improved color stability. The formulation without the phosphates resulted in increased oxidation (3.4 μg/kg more malondialdehyde) and changes in the instrumental color. The observed changes were relatively unimportant, as neither of the tested formulations influenced sensory traits or compromised microbial safety, implying that they can be used in production without any harm or even with some benefits.
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42
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Influence of high-pressure processing and varying concentrations of curing salts on the color, heme pigments and oxidation of lipids and proteins of Iberian dry-cured loins during refrigerated storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Di Vita G, Zanchini R, Spina D, Maesano G, La Via G, D'Amico M. Exploring Purchasing Determinants for a Low Fat Content Salami: Are Consumers Willing to Pay for an Additional Premium? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.794533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers today are increasingly moving toward healthier lifestyles and food purchasing habits. This new awareness has also prompted the meat industry, usually indicted for the use of harmful compounds and ingredients such as additives, salt, and fat, to introduce innovative measures to meet demand. This study aims to assess consumer willingness to pay an additional price premium (APP) for a healthy salami by identifying which factors are more likely to have an effect on the willingness to purchase, such as socio-demographic and product and market-related attributes. An Ordered Logit model has been applied to define factors influencing consumers' willingness to pay for a low-fat salami. Results show a favorable consumer acceptance of reduced-fat salami conveyed by the willingness of consumers to pay an additional price for this product and confirm that the health awareness of consumers is an important driving force in cured meat marketing strategies.
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44
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Ferysiuk K, Wójciak KM, Kęska P. Effect of willow herb ( Epilobium angustifolium L.) extract addition to canned meat with reduced amount of nitrite on the antioxidant and other activities of peptides. Food Funct 2022; 13:3526-3539. [PMID: 35253026 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01534f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of various amounts (50, 100, 150 and 1000 mg kg-1) of E. angustifolium L. extracts on the biological activity of peptides in canned meat with reduced amount of sodium nitrite and their stability during 180 days of storage (4 °C). The initial peptide data were collected by LC/MS. Antioxidant activities of peptide extracts were detected on the basis of ABTS˙*, FRAP, and iron(II) chelating activity in in vitro tests. A computational study (based on the BIOPEP-UWM database and INNOVAGEN, PeptideRanker and PROTPARAM tools) was also performed to assist in the interpretation of results. The addition of E. angustifolium L. extracts has a positive effect on the peptide profile and various biological activities, the results of which depend on the amount of the extract added to the meat product. However, it should be remembered that the differences between in silico and in vitro experimental environments necessitate further research to confirm the antioxidant behavior of canned meat products supplemented with E. angustifolium L. extract under physiological conditions. Other interactions between the peptide and the food matrix should also be considered as these can lead to chemical and structural modifications that can affect the bioavailability of the bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferysiuk
- Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Maria Wójciak
- Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paulina Kęska
- Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
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45
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Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Milano-Type Salami Made with Alternative Formulations to the Use of Synthetic Nitrates/Nitrites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030562. [PMID: 35336137 PMCID: PMC8953279 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the manufacture of Italian salami, a traditional meat product, a sequence of hurdles like meat fermentation, air-drying, and long ripening processes are generally sufficient to inhibit the growth of most pathogens. Furthermore, Italian salami are traditionally produced by adding synthetic nitrates/nitrites to raw meat with safety and technological aims, even if controversial opinions about their use still remain, particularly in relation to the consumer demand for natural food products. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. during the manufacturing process of Milano-type salami made with different formulations to evaluate the contribution of the hurdles and the vegetable or synthetic additives on the inactivation of pathogens. Thus, a challenge study was performed dividing ca. 400 kg of Milano-type salami batter into three batches: Batch (A) without nitrates/nitrites; Batch (B) with vegetable nitrates, and Batch (C) with synthetic nitrates/nitrites. The batches were separately inoculated with L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. and the pathogens’ survival was evaluated during the fermentation, draining, and 70-day ripening of the Milano-type salami. The pathogen counts decreased in all tested conditions, even though the highest inactivation of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. (p < 0.05) was observed when nitrates or nitrites were added to the batter. This study shows how the safety of these products cannot exclude the aspect of the hurdle technology during the process, which plays a major role in the reduction of pathogens, but additives like nitrates and nitrites allow for a greater margin of safety. Thus, further studies are needed to validate the use of natural compounds as alternatives to conventional preservatives in meat products. These results may provide new information to support food business operators in producing traditional foods with alternative preservatives and competent authorities in verifying the safety of the products made with natural compounds, and to control the process parameters responsible for the synergistic effect against pathogens such as L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.
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46
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Liu R, Yang L, Yang T, Qin M, Li K, Bao W, Wu M, Yu H, Wu S, Ge Q. Effect of nitric oxide treatment on pork meat quality, microstructure, and total bacterial count during postmortem aging. Meat Sci 2022; 190:108806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Combination of High-Pressure Treatment at 500 MPa and Biopreservation with a Lactococcus lactis Strain for Lowering the Bacterial Growth during Storage of Diced Cooked Ham with Reduced Nitrite Salt. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020456. [PMID: 35208910 PMCID: PMC8880240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the combined effects of biopreservation and high-pressure treatment on bacterial communities of diced cooked ham prepared with diminished nitrite salt. First, bacterial communities of four commercial brands of diced cooked ham from local supermarkets were characterized and stored frozen. Second, sterile diced cooked ham, prepared with reduced levels of nitrite, was inoculated with two different microbiota collected from the aforementioned commercial samples together with a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis protective strain able to recover from a 500 MPa high-pressure treatment. Samples were then treated at 500 MPa for 5 min, and bacterial dynamics were monitored during storage at 8 °C. Depending on samples, the ham microbiota was dominated by different Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Serratia, Psychrobacter, or Vibrio) or by Firmicutes (Latilactobacillus and Leuconostoc). Applied alone, none of the treatments stabilized during the growth of the ham microbiota. Nevertheless, the combination of biopreservation and high-pressure treatment was efficient in reducing the growth of Proteobacteria spoilage species. However, this effect was dependent on the nature of the initial microbiota, showing that the use of biopreservation and high-pressure treatment, as an alternative to nitrite reduction for ensuring cooked ham microbial safety, merits attention but still requires improvement.
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48
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Marcinkowska-Lesiak M, Wojtasik-Kalinowska I, Onopiuk A, Stelmasiak A, Wierzbicka A, Poltorak A. Application of atmospheric pressure cold plasma activated plant protein preparations solutions as an alternative curing method for pork sausages. Meat Sci 2022; 187:108751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Schopfer B, Mitrenga S, Boulaaba A, Roolfs K, Plötz M, Becker A. Red beet and Swiss chard juice extract as natural nitrate sources for the production of alternatively-cured emulsion-type sausages. Meat Sci 2022; 188:108780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Grispoldi L, Karama M, El‐Ashram S, Saraiva C, García‐Díez J, Chalias A, De Gennis M, Vannuccini A, Poerio G, Torlai P, Chianese G, Fermani AG, Barbera S, Cenci‐Goga BT. A study on the application of natural extracts as alternatives to sodium nitrite in processed meat. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grispoldi
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Musafiri Karama
- Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Paraclinical Sciences University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - Saeed El‐Ashram
- School of Life Science and Engineering Foshan University Foshan China
- Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV) University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal
| | - Juan García‐Díez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV) University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal
| | - Athanasios Chalias
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
- European Food Safety Authority EU‐FORA Programme Parma Italy
| | - Matteo De Gennis
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Vannuccini
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Giusi Poerio
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Paolo Torlai
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chianese
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Barbera
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences – AGRIFORFOOD University of Turin Grugliasco Italy
| | - Beniamino T. Cenci‐Goga
- Medicina Veterinaria Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Paraclinical Sciences University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
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