1
|
Ding J, Li X, Jin Z, Hachem MA, Bai Y. Efficient glycosylation of polyphenols via dynamic complexation of cyclodextrin and synchronous coupling reaction with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase in water. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136065. [PMID: 39353521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an effective way to promote the total intake of polyphenols in humans by increasing the solubility of polyphenols. In this study, an efficient glycosylation system was built via the dynamic complexation of CD with polyphenols and synchronous coupling reaction with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) in water. The glycosylation efficiencies of quercetin, naringenin, rutin, resveratrol and caffeic acid were 20.9, 3.6, 2.7, 3.4 and 1.5 times higher than the non-complexed system. To quantify conversion rate and determine the rate-limiting step, the mixed product was treated with amyloglucosidase to obtain α-glucosyl rutin, which was identified as rutin 4"-O-α-D-glucopyranoside with purity of 93.6 % and yield of 34.8 % from NMR, MS and HPLC analysis. The results of half-reaction kinetics showed that the catalytic efficiencies of ring-opening of γ-CD (k1) and glycosylation reaction of rutin (k2) were 621.92 and 9.43 mM-1·s-1. The rate-limiting step was clarified for the first time, showing that the ring-opening ability of CGTase to CD was much higher than its glycosylation ability to polyphenols. It is speculated that the rapid ring-opening reaction of CD affected its dynamic complexation, releasing many polyphenols which were not utilized by CGTase in time. Therefore, adjusting the ratio and concentration of CD resulted in an optimal glycosylation molar yield of 84.1 % for rutin, which was the highest yield reported so far in water. This study established a universal system and clarified the rate-limiting step in the enzymatic glycosylation, providing theoretical guidance for efficient production of polyphenol glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Wang H, Wang X, Zhu J, Yao J. Computational and experimental identification of an exceptionally efficient ethyl ester synthetase with broad substrate specificity and high product yield, suggests potential for industrial biocatalysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135912. [PMID: 39322140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Transesterification plays a crucial role in the synthesis of diverse esters in organic synthesis but is barely reported in biocatalysis. Here, we computationally identify the salicylic acid-binding protease 2 (SABP2) as an efficient ethyl ester bond synthetase by QM/MM MD and free energy simulations and present the practical and effective utilization of SABP2 as an eco-friendly biocatalyst for transesterification reactions by a series of experiments. Our findings demonstrate that SABP2 efficiently catalyzes the transesterification reaction between the carboxyl acid group of promiscuous aromatic substrates and ethanol to produce the corresponding ethyl esters. Notably, while SABP2 exhibits its native capability to catalyze the hydrolysis of the methyl salicylate (MeSA), the transesterification rate (producing ethyl salicylate, EtSA) is about 3500 times higher than the hydrolysis rate. Additionally, a range of aromatic methyl esters are employed in the transesterification process, resulting in high yields (up to 98.9 %) of the corresponding ethyl esters. These results indicate a broad substrate scope for SABP2-catalyzed transesterification reactions, demonstrating its potential as a valuable biocatalyst for ester synthesis in industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Haiwang Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Jiantang Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moreira RC, Leonardi GR, Bicas JL. Lipase-mediated alcoholysis for in situ production of ester bioaromas in licuri oil for cosmetic applications. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:25-33. [PMID: 38876312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Bioaromas can be produced by lipases either through their hydrolytic or (trans)esterifying activities. Therefore, this work reports the development of a lipase-catalyzed biotransformed licuri oil, forming volatile ethyl esters with odor notes resembling tropical fruits. Ethyl octanoate formation was promoted when 7.0 % (m/v) Lipozyme 435® was used to convert a grain alcohol:licuri oil mixture (51:49, v/v) at 58ºC and 70 rpm for 6 hours. The biotransformed oil has shown antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus hominis, S. epidermidis, and Corynebacterium xerosis, bacteria associated with bad skin odor. Finally, this biotransformed oil was used without further treatments (e.g., recovery or purification procedures) to prepare two cosmetic formulations (in a dosage of 1.5 %), aiming for both fragrant and deodorant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chelala Moreira
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- University of Campinas, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Candido Portinari Street, 200, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Juliano Lemos Bicas
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ke Q, Liu C, Zhuang Y, Xue Y, Cui Z, Zhang C, Yin H, Liu T. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level production of benzyl acetate from glucose. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:238. [PMID: 39223542 PMCID: PMC11370050 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzyl acetate is an aromatic ester with a jasmine scent. It was discovered in plants and has broad applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Its current production predominantly relies on chemical synthesis. In this study, Escherichia coli was engineered to produce benzyl acetate. RESULTS Two biosynthetic routes based on the CoA-dependent β-oxidation pathway were constructed in E. coli for benzyl acetate production. In route I, benzoic acid pathway was extended to produce benzyl alcohol by combining carboxylic acid reductase and endogenous dehydrogenases and/or aldo-keto reductases in E. coli. Benzyl alcohol was then condensed with acetyl-CoA by the alcohol acetyltransferase ATF1 from yeast to form benzyl acetate. In route II, a plant CoA-dependent β-oxidation pathway via benzoyl-CoA was assessed for benzyl alcohol and benzyl acetate production in E. coli. The overexpression of the phosphotransacetylase from Clostridium kluyveri (CkPta) further improved benzyl acetate production in E. coli. Two-phase extractive fermentation in situ was adopted and optimized for benzyl acetate production in a shake flask. The most optimal strain produced 3.0 ± 0.2 g/L benzyl acetate in 48 h by shake-flask fermentation. CONCLUSIONS We were able to establish the whole pathway for benzyl acetate based on the CoA-dependent β-oxidation in single strain for the first time. The highest titer for benzyl acetate produced from glucose by E. coli is reported. Moreover, cinnamyl acetate production as an unwanted by-product was very low. Results provided novel information regarding the engineering benzyl acetate production in microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ke
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaju Xue
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanzhao Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan XY, Yu Y, Yao Y, Li WD, Tao FY, Wang N. Applications of Ene-Reductases in the Synthesis of Flavors and Fragrances. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18305-18320. [PMID: 38966982 PMCID: PMC11342376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Flavors and fragrances (F&F) are interesting organic compounds in chemistry. These compounds are widely used in the food, cosmetic, and medical industries. Enzymatic synthesis exhibits several advantages over natural extraction and chemical preparation, including a high yield, stable quality, mildness, and environmental friendliness. To date, many oxidoreductases and hydrolases have been used to biosynthesize F&F. Ene-reductases (ERs) are a class of biocatalysts that can catalyze the asymmetric reduction of α,β-unsaturated compounds and offer superior specificity and selectivity; therefore, ERs have been increasingly considered an ideal alternative to their chemical counterparts. This review summarizes the research progress on the use of ERs in F&F synthesis over the past 20 years, including the achievements of various scholars, the differences and similarities among the findings, and the discussions of future research trends related to ERs. We hope this review can inspire researchers to promote the development of biotechnology in the F&F industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Fan
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wen-Dian Li
- Harmful
Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial
Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan
Sanlian New Material Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Fei-Yan Tao
- Harmful
Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial
Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan
Sanlian New Material Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Na Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mermela A, Bołt M, Mrzygłód A, Żak P. Organocatalytic synthetic route to esters and their application in hydrosilylation process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19108. [PMID: 39154105 PMCID: PMC11330490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A facile esterification of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with alcohols has been developed for the synthesis of esters by using bulky N-heterocyclic (NHC) carbene as a metal-free and eco-friendly organocatalyst. This new protocol has been proved to be effective with a wide substrate scope, giving selective esters in yields greater than 84% under mild conditions. Moreover, proposed synthetic strategy enables modification of various types of silsesquioxanes (SQ) which cannot or are technically difficult to be carried out with known protocols. For the first time, a one-pot sequential esterification/hydrosilylation has been successfully carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mermela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bołt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mrzygłód
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrycja Żak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi W, Li H, Fu Y, Tang X, Yu J, Wang X. Preparation of functional oils rich in phytosterol esters and diacylglycerols by enzymatic transesterification. Food Chem 2024; 448:139100. [PMID: 38552457 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterol esters (PEs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) have various health benefits in humans. In this study, PEs and DAGs were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification between a natural oil and phytosterols. First, commercial lipases were screened for transesterification and were further verified using multiple-ligand molecular docking. AYS "Amano" (a lipase from Candida rugosa) was found to be the optimum lipase. Subsequently, the enzymatic transesterification conditions were optimized. The optimized conditions were determined to be a 1:2 M ratio of phytosterols to oil, 100 mmol/L phytosterols, and 9 % AYS "Amano", and 50 °C for 24 h in 20 mL n-hexane. Under these conditions, over 70 % of phytosterols were converted to PEs. In this study, an efficient enzymatic process was developed to produce value-added functional oils rich in PEs and DAGs, with PEs content ≥ 31.6 %, DAGs content ≥ 11.2 %, acid value ≤ 0.91 mg KOH/g, and peroxide value ≤ 2.38 mmol/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangxu Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Houyue Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yijie Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Junwen Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonçalves MS, Tavares IMDC, Sampaio ICF, dos Santos MMO, Ambrósio HLBS, Araújo SC, Veloso CM, Neta JLV, Mendes AA, dos Anjos PNM, Ruiz HA, Franco M. New biocatalyst produced from fermented biomass: improvement of adsorptive characteristics and application in aroma synthesis. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 39091407 PMCID: PMC11289188 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to producing activated carbon from agro-industrial residues, specifically cocoa fruit peel, using solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger. The process effectively degrades lignin, a major impediment in traditional activated carbon production, resulting in a high-quality carbon material. This carbon was successfully utilized for enzyme immobilization and aroma synthesis, showcasing its potential as a versatile biocatalyst. The study meticulously evaluated the physical and chemical attributes of activated carbon derived from fermented cocoa peel, alongside the immobilized enzymes. Employing a suite of analytical techniques-electrophoresis, FTIR, XRD, and TG/DTG the research revealed that fermentation yields a porous material with an expansive surface area of 1107.87 m2/g. This material proves to be an excellent medium for lipase immobilization. The biocatalyst fashioned from the fermented biomass exhibited a notable increase in protein content (13% w/w), hydrolytic activity (15% w/w), and specific activity (29% w/w), underscoring the efficacy of the fermentation process. The significant outcome of this research is the development of a sustainable method for activated carbon production that not only overcomes the limitations posed by lignin but also enhances enzyme immobilization for industrial applications. The study's findings have important implications for the agro-industrial sector, promoting a circular economy and advancing sustainable biotechnological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Soares Gonçalves
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest, Itapetinga, 45700-000 Brazil
| | | | - Igor Carvalho Fontes Sampaio
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | - Marta Maria Oliveira dos Santos
- Post-Graduation Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-900 Brazil
| | - Helen Luiza Brandão Silva Ambrósio
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | - Sabryna Couto Araújo
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | | | - Jaci Lima Vilanova Neta
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Neilson Marques dos Anjos
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation of Advanced Materials, Department of Exact Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Héctor A. Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Halder P, Mondal K, Jash A, Das P. Exploiting Chloroform-COware Chemistry for Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Naturally Occurring and Medicinally Relevant Phenols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9275-9286. [PMID: 38898803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a ligand-free palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of phenols is conducted under ambient conditions, utilizing the "Chloroform-COware" chemistry. The developed methodology enables the conversion of diverse medicinally relevant phenols, encompassing both natural and synthetic derivatives, into their respective aryl ester counterparts. This transformation is achieved through the reaction with a broad spectrum of aryl and heteroaryl iodides. The protocol is characterized by its simplicity, generality, and wide substrate scope, delivering bioactive aryl ester derivatives in good to excellent yields. A direct comparison with the one-pot approach, resulting in poor yields of aryl esters, highlights the superior efficiency of the two-chamber setup (COware). Moreover, we successfully applied this two-chamber technique for gram-scale synthesis and postmodification of the synthesized ester to a pharmaceutically important benzocoumarin core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Halder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Krishanu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Arijit Jash
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng H, Shahidi F. Metabolic, toxicological, chemical, and commercial perspectives on esterification of dietary polyphenols: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7465-7504. [PMID: 36908213 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modifications have been practiced for more than a century and nowadays they are widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, or other industries to manipulate the physicochemical, bioactivity, metabolic/catabolic, and pharmacokinetic properties. Among various structural modifications, the esterification/O-acylation has been well-established in altering lipophilicity and bioactivity of parent bioactive compounds, especially natural polyphenolics, while maintaining their high biocompatibility. Meanwhile, various classic chemical and enzymatic protocols and other recently emerged cell factory technology are being employed as viable esterification strategies. In this contribution, the main motivations of phenolic esterification, including the tendency to replace synthetic alkyl phenolics with safer alternatives in the food industry to improve the bioavailability of phenolics as dietary supplements/pharmaceuticals, are discussed. In addition, the toxicity, metabolism, and commercial application of synthetic and natural phenolics are briefly introduced. Under these contexts, the mechanisms and reaction features of several most prevalent chemical and enzymatic esterification pathways are demonstrated. In addition, insights into the studies of esterification modification of natural phenolic compounds and specific pros/cons of various reaction systems with regard to their practical application are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao J, Xu Y, Ding Z, Wu Q, Li W, Sun B, Li X. Discovery and mechanism explanation of a novel green biocatalyst esterase Bur01 from Burkholderia ambifaria for ester synthesis under aqueous phase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132630. [PMID: 38810853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalyst catalyzing the synthesis of esters under aqueous phase is an alternative with green and sustainable characteristics. Here, a biocatalyst esterase Bur01 was identified through genome sequencing and gene library construction from a Burkholderia ambifaria BJQ0010 with efficient ester synthesis property under aqueous phase for the first time. Bur01 was soluble expressed and the purified enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 4.0 and 40 °C. It had a broad substrate spectrum, especially for ethyl esters. The structure of Bur01 was categorized as a member of α/β fold hydrolase superfamily. The easier opening of lid under aqueous phase and the hydrophobicity of substrate channel contribute to easier access to the active center for substrate. Molecular docking and site-directed mutation demonstrated that the oxyanion hole Ala22, Met112 and π-bond stacking between His24 and Phe217 played essential roles in catalytic function. The mutants V149A, V149I, L159I and F137I enhanced enzyme activity to 1.42, 1.14, 1.32 and 2.19 folds due to reduced spatial resistance and increased hydrophobicity of channel and ethyl octanoate with the highest conversion ratio of 68.28 % was obtained for F137I. These results provided new ideas for developing green catalysts and catalytic basis of mechanistic studies for ester synthetase under aqueous phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Zhao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Beijing 100048, China; China General Chamber of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Youqiang Xu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Beijing 100048, China; China General Chamber of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Association for Science and Technology-Food Nutrition and Safety Professional Think Tank Base, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ze Ding
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Beijing 100048, China; China General Chamber of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Beijing 100048, China; China General Chamber of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Beijing 100048, China; China General Chamber of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Association for Science and Technology-Food Nutrition and Safety Professional Think Tank Base, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Beijing 100048, China; China General Chamber of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Beijing 100048, China; China General Chamber of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Association for Science and Technology-Food Nutrition and Safety Professional Think Tank Base, Beijing 100048, China; China Bio-Specialty Food Enzyme Technology Research Development and Promotion Center, Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li W, Wu XF, Zhao Y. Mechanistic Insights into the Palladium-Catalyzed Perfluoroalkylative Carbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes to β-Perfluoroalkyl Esters: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38691449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed multicomponent carbonylation is an efficient synthetic strategy to access multifunctional esters in high yields with broad functional group tolerance and good chemoselectivity. Considering the development of highly efficient synthetic methods for esters, it remains significant to grasp the mechanism of constructing multifunctional esters. Herein, density functional theoretical calculations were carried out to acquire mechanistic insight into the synthesis of β-perfluoroalkyl esters from a specific palladium-catalyzed perfluoroalkylative carbonylation of unactivated alkenes using carbon monoxide. A detailed mechanistic understanding of this reaction route includes (1) multistep radical reaction process, (2) C-C coupling and CO insertion, (3) ligand exchange, and (4) Pd-based intermediate oxidation and reductive elimination. The multistep radical process was fundamentally rationalized, including Rf· formation and radicals A and E from unactivated alkene and CO oxidation, respectively. The potential energy calculation indicated that the CO insertion into the perfluorinated alkyl radicals preceded Pd-catalyzed oxidation in the competitively multistep free radical reaction process. In addition, the I-/PhO- exchange step was predicted to be spontaneous to products. The IGMH analysis further attested to the reductive elimination process involved in the rate-determining step. Thus, a simple and valid density functional theory (DFT) approach was developed to reveal the multistep radical mechanism for the Pd-catalyzed perfluoroalkylative carbonylation of unactivated alkenes to access functional β-perfluoroalkyl esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanying Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Simão Neto F, Sousa Junior PGD, da Silva Filho CJ, Pinheiro Coutinho L, Melo RLF, Rocha-Martin J, Rios MADS, Sanders Lopes AA, Monteiro NDKV, de Mattos MC, Serafim LF, Sousa dos Santos JC. Green Enzymatic Synthesis of Geranyl Butyrate: Process Optimization and Mechanistic Insights. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16992-17001. [PMID: 38645358 PMCID: PMC11024978 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Flavor esters are organic compounds widely used in the food industry to enhance the aroma and taste of products. However, most chemical processes for the production of these flavoring compounds use toxic organic solvents. Some organic solvents derived from petroleum can leave behind residual traces in food products, which may raise concerns about potential health risks and contamination. In this study, we employ Eversa Transform 2.0, a commercial lipase derived from the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, to produce geranyl butyrate in aqueous media. The chemical process was optimized using the Taguchi method, and a conversion of 93% was obtained at the optimal reaction conditions of: 1:5 molar ratio (v/v), 15% biocatalyst load (w/w), at 50 °C, in 6 h. Classic (molecular dynamics) and quantum (density functional theory) simulations unveiled amino acid residues involved in the stabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex. Detailed QM/MM mechanistic studies identified the nucleophilic attack of the deacylation reaction as the rate-limiting step of the entire mechanism, which has a free energy barrier of 14.0 kcal/mol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Simão Neto
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Federal University
of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455-760, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Pinheiro Coutinho
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020-181, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - Ada Amélia Sanders Lopes
- Engineering
and Sustainable Development Institute, University
of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Norberto de K. V. Monteiro
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Marcos Carlos de Mattos
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020-181, Brazil
| | | | - José Cleiton Sousa dos Santos
- Engineering
and Sustainable Development Institute, University
of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará 62790-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agosto-Maldonado A, Guo J, Niu W. Engineering carboxylic acid reductases and unspecific peroxygenases for flavor and fragrance biosynthesis. J Biotechnol 2024; 385:1-12. [PMID: 38428504 PMCID: PMC11062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Emerging consumer demand for safer, more sustainable flavors and fragrances has created new challenges for the industry. Enzymatic syntheses represent a promising green production route, but the broad application requires engineering advancements for expanded diversity, improved selectivity, and enhanced stability to be cost-competitive with current methods. This review discusses recent advances and future outlooks for enzyme engineering in this field. We focus on carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) and unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) that enable selective productions of complex flavor and fragrance molecules. Both enzyme types consist of natural variants with attractive characteristics for biocatalytic applications. Applying protein engineering methods, including rational design and directed evolution in concert with computational modeling, present excellent examples for property improvements to unleash the full potential of enzymes in the biosynthesis of value-added chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States; The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States; The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng J, Xie J, Xi Y, Wu X, Zhang R, Mao Z, Yang H, Li Z, Li C. Selective Upcycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate towards High-valued Oxygenated Chemical Methyl p-Methyl Benzoate using a Cu/ZrO 2 Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319896. [PMID: 38197522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Upgrading of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into valuable oxygenated molecules is a fascinating process, yet it remains challenging. Herein, we developed a two-step strategy involving methanolysis of PET to dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), followed by hydrogenation of DMT to produce the high-valued chemical methyl p-methyl benzoate (MMB) using a fixed-bed reactor and a Cu/ZrO2 catalyst. Interestingly, we discovered the phase structure of ZrO2 significantly regulates the selectivity of products. Cu supported on monoclinic ZrO2 (5 %Cu/m-ZrO2 ) exhibits an exceptional selectivity of 86 % for conversion of DMT to MMB, while Cu supported on tetragonal ZrO2 (5 %Cu/t-ZrO2 ) predominantly produces p-xylene (PX) with selectivity of 75 %. The superior selectivity of MMB over Cu/m-ZrO2 can be attributed to the weaker acid sites present on m-ZrO2 compared to t-ZrO2 . This weak acidity of m-ZrO2 leads to a moderate adsorption capability of MMB, and facilitating its desorption. Furthermore, DFT calculations reveal Cu/m-ZrO2 catalyst shows a higher effective energy barrier for cleavage of second C-O bond compared to Cu/t-ZrO2 catalyst; this distinction ensures the high selectivity of MMB. This catalyst not only presents an approach for upgrading of PET waste into fine chemicals but also offers a strategy for controlling the primary product in a multistep hydrogenation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yongjie Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ruihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhihe Mao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hongfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zelong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Carvalho CC, Murray IP, Nguyen H, Nguyen T, Cantu DC. Acyltransferase families that act on thioesters: Sequences, structures, and mechanisms. Proteins 2024; 92:157-169. [PMID: 37776148 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Acyltransferases (AT) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of acyl group to a receptor molecule. This review focuses on ATs that act on thioester-containing substrates. Although many ATs can recognize a wide variety of substrates, sequence similarity analysis allowed us to classify the ATs into fifteen distinct families. Each AT family is originated from enzymes experimentally characterized to have AT activity, classified according to sequence similarity, and confirmed with tertiary structure similarity for families that have crystallized structures available. All the sequences and structures of the AT families described here are present in the thioester-active enzyme (ThYme) database. The AT sequences and structures classified into families and available in the ThYme database could contribute to enlightening the understanding acyl transfer to thioester-containing substrates, most commonly coenzyme A, which occur in multiple metabolic pathways, mostly with fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio C de Carvalho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Ian P Murray
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Tin Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - David C Cantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dellisanti A, Chessa E, Porcheddu A, Carraro M, Pisano L, De Luca L, Gaspa S. Visible Light-Promoted Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Alcohols to Esters. Molecules 2024; 29:570. [PMID: 38338315 PMCID: PMC10856673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ester is one of the most significant functional groups in organic chemistry and is enclosed in several valued molecules. Usually, esters are prepared through the acid-catalyzed esterification reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohols, transesterification of esters with alcohols, or via activation of carboxylic acids followed by the addition of alcohols. However, these procedures typically imply the excess use of reactants and harsh reaction conditions. Visible light-mediated photoreactions have been disclosed to display a safe, sustainable, and accessible alternative to traditional methods, and to lead new reactivity modes in organic procedures. In this context, we propose a transition metal-based and organic-based photocatalyst-free synthesis of esters from alcohols induced by visible light. The methodology can be carried out using sunlight or artificial visible light as a solar simulator or a blue LED source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dellisanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Sudi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Elisa Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Sudi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Sudi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Sudi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Sudi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Sudi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Sudi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (L.P.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Munawar S, Zahoor AF, Hussain SM, Ahmad S, Mansha A, Parveen B, Ali KG, Irfan A. Steglich esterification: A versatile synthetic approach toward the synthesis of natural products, their analogues/derivatives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23416. [PMID: 38170008 PMCID: PMC10758822 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of natural products and their analogues in the field of pharmacology has been regarded as of great importance. It can be attributed to the fact that these scaffolds exhibit diverse chemical properties, distinct biological activities and zenith specificity in their biochemical processes, enabling them to act as favorable structures for lead compounds. The synthesis of natural products has been a crafty and hard-to-achieve task. Steglich esterification reaction has played a significant role in that area. It is a mild and efficient technique for constructing ester linkages. This technique involves the establishment of ester moiety via a carbodiimide-based condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol, thiol or an amine catalyzed by dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP). Specifically, labile reagents with multiple reactive sites are esterified efficiently with the classical and modified Steglich esterification conditions, which accounts for their synthetic utility. This review encloses the performance of the Steglich esterification reaction in forging the ester linkage for executing the total synthesis of natural products and their derivatives since 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghulam Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Ma G, Wang S, Nian B, Hu Y. Study on the synthesis of pine sterol esters in solvent-free systems catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on hydrophobic macroporous resin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7849-7861. [PMID: 37467367 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine sterol ester is a type of novel food source nutrient with great advantages in lowering blood cholesterol levels, inhibiting tumors, preventing prostate enlargement, and regulating immunity. Macroporous resins with large specific surface area, stable structures, and various functional groups (epoxy, amino, and octadecyl groups) have been selected for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) to improve its stability and efficiency in the synthesis of pine sterol esters. A solvent-free strategy using oleic acid (substrate) as an esterification reaction medium is an important alternative for avoiding the use of organic solvents. RESULTS The immobilization conditions of CRL immobilized on several types of commercial macroporous resins were optimized. Fortunately, by adsorption (hydrophobic interaction), a high immobilization efficiency of CRL was obtained using macroporous resins with hydrophobic octadecyl groups with an immobilization efficiency of 86.5%, enzyme loading of 138.5 mg g-1 and enzyme activity of 34.7 U g-1 . The results showed that a 95.1% yield could be obtained with a molar ratio of oleic acid to pine sterol of 5:1, an enzyme amount of 6.0 U g-1 (relative to pine sterol mass) at 50 °C for 48 h. CONCLUSION The hydrophobic macroporous resin (ECR8806M) with a large specific surface area and abundant functional groups was used to achieve efficient immobilization of CRL. CRL@ECR8806M is an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of phytosterol esters and has the potential for further large-scale applications. Therefore, this simple, green, and low-cost strategy for lipase immobilization provides new possibilities for the high-efficiency production of pine sterol esters and other food source nutrients. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangzheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shushu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Binbin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pedro KCNR, da Silva JVV, Cipolatti EP, Manoel EA, Campisano ISP, Henriques CA, Langone MAP. Adsorption of lipases on porous silica-based materials for esterification in a solvent-free system. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:380. [PMID: 37900269 PMCID: PMC10600090 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study deals with lipase immobilization on micro- and mesoporous silica-based materials. The effects of the type of support (silica MCM-41, zeolite HZSM-5 (SAR 25), zeolite HZSM-5 (SAR 280), and the silica-aluminas Siral 10, Siral 20, and Siral 40) were investigated on the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML). The supports that allowed the highest immobilization efficiencies for the CALB were Siral 40 (91.4%), HZSM-5 (SAR 280) (90.6%), and MCM-41 (89.4%). Siral 20 allowed the highest immobilization efficiency for RML (97.6%), followed by HZSM-5 (SAR 25) (77.1%) and HZSM-5 (SAR 280) (62.7%). The effect of protein concentration on lipase immobilization was investigated, and the results adjusted well on the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.9). The maximum protein adsorption capacity of the support determined by the Langmuir model was equal to 10.64 and 20.97 mgprotein gsupport-1 for CALB and RML, respectively. The effects of pH (pH 7.0 and pH 11.0) and phosphate buffer solution concentration (5 and 100 mmol L-1) were also investigated on lipase immobilization. The immobilization efficiency for both lipases was similar for the different pH values. The use of 100 mmol L-1 phosphate buffer decreased the lipase immobilization efficiency. The biocatalysts (CALB-Siral 40 and RML-Siral 20) were tested in the ethyl oleate synthesis. The conversion of 61.7% was obtained at 60 °C in the reaction catalyzed by CALB-Siral 40. Both heterogeneous biocatalysts showed increased thermal stability compared with their free form. Finally, the reuse of the biocatalysts was studied. CALB-Siral 40 and RML-Siral 20 maintained about 30% of the initial conversion after 3 batches of ethyl oleate synthesis. Silica-aluminas (Siral 20 and 40) proved to be a support that allowed a high efficiency of immobilization of lipases and activity for esterification reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C N R Pedro
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - João V V da Silva
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Eliane P Cipolatti
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07- Zona Rural, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ Brasil
| | - Evelin A Manoel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Ivone S P Campisano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Cristiane A Henriques
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Marta A P Langone
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Senador Furtado, 121, 20260-100 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bhattacharjee N, Alonso-Cotchico L, Lucas MF. Enzyme immobilization studied through molecular dynamic simulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1200293. [PMID: 37362217 PMCID: PMC10285225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, simulations have been used to great advantage to understand the structural and dynamic aspects of distinct enzyme immobilization strategies, as experimental techniques have limitations in establishing their impact at the molecular level. In this review, we discuss how molecular dynamic simulations have been employed to characterize the surface phenomenon in the enzyme immobilization procedure, in an attempt to decipher its impact on the enzyme features, such as activity and stability. In particular, computational studies on the immobilization of enzymes using i) nanoparticles, ii) self-assembled monolayers, iii) graphene and carbon nanotubes, and iv) other surfaces are covered. Importantly, this thorough literature survey reveals that, while simulations have been primarily performed to rationalize the molecular aspects of the immobilization event, their use to predict adequate protocols that can control its impact on the enzyme properties is, up to date, mostly missing.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wei Y, Hu D, Li D, Hu K, Zhang Q, Liu H, He Q, Yao C, Li H, Wang J. Antiviral effects and mechanisms against EV71 of the novel 2-Benzoxyl-Phenylpyridine Derivatives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 186:106445. [PMID: 37044201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-Benzoxyl-Phenylpyridine derivatives were evaluated for their potential antiviral activities against EV71. The preliminary assays indicated that some of these compounds exhibited excellent antiviral effects on EV71, they could effectively inhibit virus-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs), reduce progeny viral yields, and present similar or better antiviral activities compared to the positive control drug ribavirin. Among these derivatives, compounds WY7, WY13 and WY14 showed the most potency against EV71. Investigation of the underlying mechanism of action revealed that these compounds target EV71 replication in cells post infection, they could profoundly inhibit viral RNA replication and protein synthesis, and inhibit virus-induced cell apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated that compound WY7 potently inhibited the activity of the EV71 3C protease (3Cpro), and to some extent, it affected the activity of 3D polymerase (3Dpol), thus blocking viral replication, but not the activity of the 2A proteinase (2Apro). Modeling of the molecular binding of the 3Cpro-WY7 complex revealed that compound WY7 was predicted to insert into the substrate-binding pocket of EV71 3Cpro, blocking substrate recognition and thereby inhibiting EV71 3Cpro activity. These results indicate that these compounds might be feasible therapeutic agents against EV71 infection and that these compounds may provide promising lead scaffolds for the further design and synthesis of potential antiviral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wei
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Da Hu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Kanghong Hu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Huihui Liu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Qun He
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Chenguang Yao
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Hanluo Li
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
dos Santos MMO, de Menezes LHS, do Espirito Santo EL, de Carvalho MS, Gonçalves MS, de Carvalho Tavares IM, Mendes AA, Ruiz HA, Salay LC, Franco M, de Oliveira JR. Synthesis of hexyl butyrate (apple and citrus aroma) by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on Diaion HP-20 using the Box-Behnken design. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:689-696. [PMID: 37009043 PMCID: PMC10050618 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at the synthesis of hexyl butyrate by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilized on Diaion HP 20. The lipase load used was 28.7 ± 2.1 mg/g (mg of lipase/g of support), whose hydrolytic activity was 132.0 ± 2.5 U/g. To obtain the maximum production of hexyl butyrate, the Box-Behnken design statistical planning was used, having as independent variables; biocatalyst concentration, temperature and acid:alcohol molar ratio and ester conversion as a dependent variable at 60, 180 and 480 min. For 60 min, 90.8% conversion was obtained at 47.25 ºC, 1:1.4 molar ratio and 17.65% of biocatalyst; 180 min, 94.5% conversion at 59.5 ºC, 1:2 molar ratio and 15.8% biocatalyst; 480 min, 95.01% conversion at 47.0 ºC, 1:2 molar ratio and 16.9% biocatalyst. CRL-Diaion HP 20 retained 60% of its initial activity after ten cycles of reactions showing potential for industrial use. The ester produced was identified by gas chromatography analyses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01200-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marise Silva de Carvalho
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares Gonçalves
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, 45700-000 Brazil
| | | | | | - Héctor A. Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, COAH Mexico
| | - Luiz Carlos Salay
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hecko S, Schiefer A, Badenhorst CPS, Fink MJ, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Enlightening the Path to Protein Engineering: Chemoselective Turn-On Probes for High-Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Activity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2832-2901. [PMID: 36853077 PMCID: PMC10037340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Many successful stories in enzyme engineering are based on the creation of randomized diversity in large mutant libraries, containing millions to billions of enzyme variants. Methods that enabled their evaluation with high throughput are dominated by spectroscopic techniques due to their high speed and sensitivity. A large proportion of studies relies on fluorogenic substrates that mimic the chemical properties of the target or coupled enzymatic assays with an optical read-out that assesses the desired catalytic efficiency indirectly. The most reliable hits, however, are achieved by screening for conversions of the starting material to the desired product. For this purpose, functional group assays offer a general approach to achieve a fast, optical read-out. They use the chemoselectivity, differences in electronic and steric properties of various functional groups, to reduce the number of false-positive results and the analytical noise stemming from enzymatic background activities. This review summarizes the developments and use of functional group probes for chemoselective derivatizations, with a clear focus on screening for enzymatic activity in protein engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael J Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bacterial Community Drives the Carbon Source Degradation during the Composting of Cinnamomum camphora Leaf Industrial Extracted Residues. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing production of industrial aromatic plant residues (IAPRs) are potentially environmental risky, and composting is a promising solution to resolve the coming IAPR problems. Carbon source degradation is a basic but important field in compost research; however, we still lack a clear understanding of carbon source degradation and the corresponding relationship to microbial community variation during IAPR composting, which hampers the improvement of IAPR composting efficiency and the promotion of this technology. In this study, samples were chosen on the first day, the 10th day, the 20th day, and the last day during the composting of Cinnamomum camphora leaf IAPRs, and the microbial community composition, main carbon source composition, and several enzyme activities were measured accordingly. The results showed that during composting, the hemicellulose had the highest reduction (200 g kg−1), followed by cellulose (143 g kg−1), lignin (15.5 g kg−1), starch (5.48 g kg−1), and soluble sugar (0.56 g kg−1), which supported that hemicellulose and cellulose were the main carbon source to microbes during composting. The relative abundance of the main bacterial phylum Firmicute decreased from 85.1% to 40.3% while Actinobactreia increased from 14.4% to 36.7%, and the relative abundance of main fungal class Eurotiomycetes decreased from 60.9% to 19.6% while Sordariomycetes increased from 16.9% to 69.7%. Though principal coordinates analysis found that both bacterial and fungal community composition significantly varied during composting (p < 0.05), structure equation modeling (SEM) supported that bacterial composition rather than fungal counterpart was more responsible for the change in carbon source composition, as the standard total effects offered by bacterial composition (−0.768) was about five times the fungal composition (−0.144). Enzyme2 (comprised of xylanase, laccase, cellulase and manganese peroxidase) provided −0.801 standard total effects to carbon source composition, while Enzyme1 (comprised of lignin peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) had only 0.172. Furthermore, xylanase and laccase were the only two enzymes appeared in co-occurrence network, clustered with nearly all the carbon sources concerned (except starch) in module-II. Xylanase, hemicellulose, and cellulose were linked to higher numbers of OTUs, more than laccase and other carbon sources. In addition, there were 11 BOTUs but only 1 FOTUs directly interacted to xylanase, hemicellulose, and cellulose simultaneously, three of them were Limnochordaceae and two were Savagea, which highlighted the potential core function in lignocellulose degradation provided by bacterial members, especially Limnochordaceae and Savagea. Thus, the results supported that during composting of Cinnamomum camphora leaf IAPRs, the degradation of dominate carbon sources, hemicellulose and cellulose, was mainly driven by bacterial community rather than fungal community. In addition, the bacterial originated xylanase and laccase played potentially core roles in the functional modules. This research clearly investigated the microbial dynamics of carbon source degradation during the composting of Cinnamomum camphora leaf IAPRs, and offers valuable information about and new insight into future IAPRs waste treatment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chapman J, Zoica Dinu C. Assessment of Enzyme Functionality at Metal-Organic Framework Interfaces Developed through Molecular Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1750-1763. [PMID: 36692448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic efficiency and unrivaled selectivity with which enzymes convert substrates to products have been tapped for widespread chemical transformations within biomedical technology, biofuel production, gas sensing, and the upgrading of commodity chemicals, just to name a few. However, the feasibility of enzymes implementation is challenged by the lack of reusability and loss of native catalytic activity due to the irreversible biocatalyst denaturation at high temperatures and in the presence of industrial solvents. Enzyme immobilization, a prerequisite for enzyme reusability, offers controllable strategies for increased functional viability of the biocatalyst in a synthetic environment. Herein we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and probed the noncovalent interactions between model enzymes of technological interest, i.e., carbonic anhydrase (CA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), with selected metal-organic frameworks (MOFs; MIL-160 and ZIF-8) of proven industrial implementation. We found that the CA and MPO can bind to MIL-160 at optimal binding energies of 201 and 501 kJ mol-1, respectively, that are strongly influenced by the increased incidence of hydrogen bonding between enzymes and the frameworks. The free energy of binding of enzymes to ZIF-8, on the other hand, was found to be less strongly influenced by hydrogen bonding networks relative to the occurrence of hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions that yielded 106 kJ mol-1 for CA and 201 kJ mol-1 for MPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Chapman
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, United States
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tan Z, Cheng H, Chen G, Ju F, Fernández-Lucas J, Zdarta J, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Designing multifunctional biocatalytic cascade system by multi-enzyme co-immobilization on biopolymers and nanostructured materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:535-550. [PMID: 36516934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, enzyme-based biocatalytic systems have garnered increasing interest in industrial and applied research for catalysis and organic chemistry. Many enzymatic reactions have been applied to sustainable and environmentally friendly production processes, particularly in the pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, and flavor/fragrance industries. However, only a fraction of the enzymes available has been stepped up towards industrial-scale manufacturing due to low enzyme stability and challenging separation, recovery, and reusability. In this context, immobilization and co-immobilization in robust support materials have emerged as valuable strategies to overcome these inadequacies by facilitating repeated or continuous batch operations and downstream processes. To further reduce separations, it can be advantageous to use multiple enzymes at once in one pot. Enzyme co-immobilization enables biocatalytic synergism and reusability, boosting process efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Several studies on multi-enzyme immobilization and co-localization propose kinetic advantages of the enhanced turnover number for multiple enzymes. This review spotlights recent progress in developing versatile biocatalytic cascade systems by multi-enzyme co-immobilization on environmentally friendly biopolymers and nanostructured materials and their application scope in the chemical and biotechnological industries. After a succinct overview of carrier-based and carrier-free immobilization/co-immobilizations, co-immobilization of enzymes on a range of biopolymer and nanomaterials-based supports is thoroughly compiled with contemporary and state-of-the-art examples. This study provides a new horizon in developing effective and innovative multi-enzymatic systems with new possibilities to fully harness the adventure of biocatalytic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Tan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China.
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Fang Ju
- Sateri (Jiangsu) Fiber Co. Ltd., Suqian 221428, PR China
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alejaldre L, Lemay-St-Denis C, Pelletier JN, Quaglia D. Tuning Selectivity in CalA Lipase: Beyond Tunnel Engineering. Biochemistry 2023; 62:396-409. [PMID: 36580299 PMCID: PMC9851156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineering studies of Candida (Pseudozyma) antarctica lipase A (CalA) have demonstrated the potential of this enzyme in the selective hydrolysis of fatty acid esters of different chain lengths. CalA has been shown to bind substrates preferentially through an acyl-chain binding tunnel accessed via the hydrolytic active site; it has also been shown that selectivity for substrates of longer or shorter chain length can be tuned, for instance by modulating steric hindrance within the tunnel. Here we demonstrate that, whereas the tunnel region is certainly of paramount importance for substrate recognition, residues in distal regions of the enzyme can also modulate substrate selectivity. To this end, we investigate variants that carry one or more substitutions within the substrate tunnel as well as in distal regions. Combining experimental determination of the substrate selectivity using natural and synthetic substrates with computational characterization of protein dynamics and of tunnels, we deconvolute the effect of key substitutions and demonstrate that epistatic interactions contribute to procuring selectivity toward either long-chain or short/medium-chain fatty acid esters. We demonstrate that various mechanisms contribute to the diverse selectivity profiles, ranging from reshaping tunnel morphology and tunnel stabilization to obstructing the main substrate-binding tunnel, highlighting the dynamic nature of the substrate-binding region. This work provides important insights into the versatility of this robust lipase toward diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Alejaldre
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
| | - Claudèle Lemay-St-Denis
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH2V 0B3
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH2V 0B3
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ai HJ, Geng HQ, Gu XW, Wu XF. Manganese-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkyl Chlorides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Ai
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hui-Qing Geng
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xing-Wei Gu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu Q, Zhang H, Tian L, Sun S. Solid acid
HND
‐26 as a novel catalyst: Green and sustainable alternatives towards synthesis of benzyl cinnamate. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Liya Tian
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Shangde Sun
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alkyne Coupling and Cyclization on Metal Cluster Complexes. Additions and Couplings of Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to Ru6(μ6-C)(CO)14(μ3-η4-C4H4). J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
32
|
Dan J, Su Z, Sun B, Wang J, Zhang W. A Polymetallic Nanozyme with High Peroxidase Mimetic Activity for Rapid Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
33
|
Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of the carbonyl group towards nucleophilic attack affords the construction of various organic compounds. Thus, investigations of carbonyl activation applying greener methodologies are highly important. In the present work, among the investigated N-halo compounds, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSi) has been found as an efficient and selective catalyst in the reaction of direct esterification of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids supported by microwave (MW) irradiation. The comprehensive esterification of different benzoic acids and mono-, di- and tri-carboxy alkyl derivatives was performed, whereby significant reaction time reductions were achieved. The presented method used NFSi as an easily manipulatable, non-metal, water- and air-tolerant catalyst, allowing simple synthetic and isolation procedures and energy saving, compared to conventional methodologies. Importantly, in contrast to esterification under thermal conditions, where N-halo compounds behave as pre-catalysts, in the MW-supported protocol, a distinct reaction mechanism has been proposed that assumes NFSi as a sustainable catalyst. Moreover, a scale-up of the industrially important derivative was performed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dong Q, Huang Q, Wang M, Chen H, Zi Y, Huang W. 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Promoted Esterification of Carboxylic Acids under Mild Conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
35
|
Obtaining (5-formylfuran-2-yl)methyl 4-chlorobenzoate through an esterification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: Interesting achiral molecule crystallizing in a Sohncke P212121 space group. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
36
|
Jiang B, Xie R, Tang K. Resolution of (R, S)-4-BrMA Catalyzed by Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase in an Organic Phase. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Magnetic cross-linked lipase aggregates coupled with ultrasonic pretreatment for efficient synthesis of phytosterol oleate. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Ai H, Leidecker BN, Dam P, Kubis C, Rabeah J, Wu X. Iron‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkyl Bromides via a Two‐Electron Transfer Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211939. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Jun Ai
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | - Phong Dam
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Christoph Kubis
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institution 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Iron‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of alkyl bromides via a two‐electron transfer process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
40
|
Chen H, Cheng J, Huang Y, Kong Q, Bie Z. Comparative analysis of sugar, acid, and volatile compounds in CPPU-treated and honeybee-pollinated melon fruits during different developmental stages. Food Chem 2022; 401:134072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
41
|
Remonatto D, Fantatto RR, Pietro RCLR, Monti R, Oliveira JV, de Paula AV, Bassan JC. Enzymatic synthesis of geranyl acetate in batch and fed-batch reactors and evaluation of its larvicidal activity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
Lipases are efficient enzymes with promising applications in the nutraceutical and food industry, as they can offer high yields, pure products under achievable reaction conditions, and are an environmentally friendly option. This review addresses the production of high-value-added compounds such as fatty acid esters, with the potential to be used as flavoring agents or antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, as well as structured lipids that offer specific functional properties that do not exist in nature, with important applications in different food products, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the most recent successful cases of reactions with lipases to produce modified compounds for food and nutraceuticals are reported.
Collapse
|
43
|
Staudt A, Brack Y, Jr II, Leal ICR. Biocatalytic synthesis of monoterpene esters – A review study on the phylogenetic evolution of biocatalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Zhao F, Russo P, Mancuso R, Gabriele B, Wu XF. Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Alkyl Iodides with Phenols for the Synthesis of Esters. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
45
|
Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Zamakshshari NH, Mustafa MR, Hashim NM, Othman R. Trends and challenges in phytotherapy and phytocosmetics for skin aging. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103363. [PMID: 35813113 PMCID: PMC9260296 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals, oxidative stress, and inflammation contribute to the etiology of most chronic diseases. Natural products can be incorporated into cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and nutricosmetics to tackle inflammation-related diseases. The use of alternative green extraction solvents such as natural deep eutectic solvents and electrochemically reduced water is trending. Delivery systems are important for the enhancement of the bioavailability, stability, solubility, and controlled release profile of the bioactives.
Oxidative stress and inflammation mostly contribute to aging and age-related conditions including skin aging. The potential of natural products in the form of naturally-derived cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and nutricosmetics have, however, not been fully harnessed. This review, thus, critically analyzes the potential roles of natural products in inflammation-related skin aging diseases due to the increasing consumers’ concerns and demands for efficacious, safe, natural, sustainable, and religiously permitted alternatives to synthetic products. The information and data were collated from various resources and literature databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Scopus, Inflibnet, Google, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The role of green extraction solvents as promising alternatives is also elucidated. The potential enhancements of the bioavailability, stability, solubility and controlled release profile of the bioactives using different delivery systems are also presented. The current potential global market value, motivators, drivers, trends, challenges, halal, and other regulatory certifications for cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics are equally discussed. The adoption of the suggested extractions and delivery systems would enhance the stability, bioavailability, and target delivery of the bioactives.
Collapse
|
46
|
Unlocking the access to oxidized coenzyme A via a single-step green membrane-based purification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12991. [PMID: 35906370 PMCID: PMC9338019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new membrane-based strategy to purify oxidized coenzyme A ((CoAS)2) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) has been developed. Commercially available membranes were screened and studied (permeate flux and overall compounds retention) which allowed the identification of one efficient membrane (GK from Suez Water Technologies & Solutions). Different total compounds concentrations solutions were used in the system in order to find the following working conditions: 4 bars with a total compounds solution of 5.19 g L−1. Applying these conditions to a dia-filtration set-up allowed us to reach 68% pure (CoAS)2 in 4.8 diafiltration volumes (DV) and a 95% (CoAS)2 purity can be predicted in 8.5 DV. A comparative study of green metrics—i.e. process mass index (PMI)—of the classic chromatography vs the membrane-based one demonstrated the great advantages of the latter in terms of sustainability. This strategy unlocks the access to the essential and central cofactor that is coenzyme A.
Collapse
|
47
|
Spoilage Potential of Contaminating Yeast Species Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia kudriavzevii and Torulaspora delbrueckii during Cold Storage of Skyr. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121776. [PMID: 35741978 PMCID: PMC9223127 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the spoilage potential of yeast strains Kluyveromyces marxianus (Km1, Km2 and Km3), Pichia kudriavzevii Pk1 and Torulaspora delbrueckii Td1 grown in skyr in cold storage. Yeast strains were isolated from skyr and identified by sequencing of the 26S rRNA gene. K. marxianus yeasts were grown in skyr to high numbers, generating large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) associated with off-flavours, among them were alcohols (3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 1-hexanol), esters (ethyl acetate and 3-methylbutyl acetate) and aldehydes (hexanal, methylbutanal and methylpropanal). Growth of P. kudriavzevii Pk1 led to moderate increases in several alcohols and esters (mostly, 3-methyl-1-butanol and ethyl acetate), whereas only minor shifts in VOCs were associated with T. delbrueckii Td2. The levels of the key aroma compounds, diacetyl and acetoin, were significantly decreased by all K. marxianus strains and P. kudriavzevii Pk1. In contrast to the other yeast species, K. marxianus was able to utilize lactose, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide. Based on the overall results, K. marxianus was characterised by the highest spoilage potential. The study revealed the differences between the yeast species in fermentative and spoilage activities, and clarified the role of yeast metabolites for off-flavour formation and quality defects in skyr during cold storage.
Collapse
|
48
|
Producing Natural Flavours from Isoamyl Alcohol and Fusel Oil by Using Immobilised Rhizopus oryzae Lipase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of short-chain esters (flavours) might enable their labelling as natural, increasing their value. Covalently immobilised Rhizopus oryzae lipase (EO-proROL) was used to synthesise isoamyl butyrate and acetate. In cyclohexane, the best performer reaction solvent, 1.8 times higher yield of isoamyl butyrate (ca. 100%) than isoamyl acetate (ca. 55%) was obtained. Optimum initial acid concentration (410 mM) and acid:alcohol mole ratio (0.5) were established by a central composite rotatable design to maximise isoamyl butyrate single-batch and cumulative production with reused enzyme. These conditions were used to scale up the esterification (150 mL) and to assess yield, initial esterification rate, productivity and enzyme operational stability. Commercial isoamyl alcohol and fusel oil results were found to be similar as regards yield (91% vs. 84%), initial reaction rate (5.4 µM min−1 with both substrates), operational stability (40% activity loss after five runs with both) and productivity (31.09 vs. 28.7 mM h−1). EO-proROL specificity for the structural isomers of isoamyl alcohol was also evaluated. Thus, a successful biocatalyst and product conditions ready to be used for isoamyl ester industrial production are here proposed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Noro J, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C. Chemical modification of lipases: A powerful tool for activity improvement. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100523. [PMID: 35544709 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for adequate and ecologically acceptable procedures to produce the most differentiated products has been growing in recent decades, with enzymes being excellent examples of the advances achieved so far. Lipases are astonishing catalysts with a vast range of applications including the synthesis of esters, flavours, biodiesel, and polymers. The broad specificity of the substrates, as well as the regio-, stereo-, and enantioselectivity, are the differentiating factors of these enzymes. Structural modification is a current approach to enhance the activity of lipases. Chemical modification of lipases to improve catalytic performance is of great interest considering the increasingly broad fields of application. Together with the physical immobilization onto solid supports, different strategies have been developed to produce catalysts with higher activity and stability. In this review, practical insights into the different strategies developed in recent years regarding the modification of lipases are described. For the first time, the impact of the modifications on the activity and stability of lipases, as well as on the biotechnological applications, is fully compiled. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noro
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Das KM, Pal A, Adarsh NN, Thakur A. A novel quinoline-based NNN-pincer Cu(II) complex as a superior catalyst for oxidative esterification of allylic C(sp 3)-H bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3540-3549. [PMID: 35393991 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time that the quinoline-based NNN-pincer Cu(II) complex acts as an air stable superior catalyst for the oxidative cross-coupling of the allyl sp3 C-H bond with an acid for the synthesis of allyl esters in a homogeneous system at ambient temperature. The synthesized catalyst, 1, has been well characterized by various analytical techniques (HRMS, single crystal X-ray diffraction, CV, EPR, UV-vis spectroscopy) and showed excellent catalytic activity for the oxidative esterification of allylic C(sp3)-H bonds at 40 °C within a very short period of time (1 h) using only 1 mol% of the catalyst. A wide variety of aromatic allylic esters were synthesized in moderate to good yields, which could be extended to aliphatic allyl esters as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Nayarassery N Adarsh
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, New York, 13699, USA
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|