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Zhu Y, Wu S, Guo F, Dong Z, Chen Y, Chen Y. Structural characteristics of sulfated xylogalactomannan isolated from Caulerpa okamurae and its anticoagulant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133743. [PMID: 38986975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Due to wonderful taste, rich nutrition and biological functions, many marine green algae in the genus Caulerpa have been recently developed as candidates for green caviar. A novel water-soluble sulfated xylogalactomannan CO-0-1 was obtained from the green algae Caulerpa okamurae. CO-0-1 was mainly composed of mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), and xylose (Xyl) at the ratio of 4.4:4.0:1.4 with the molecular weight at 470 kDa and the sulfate content at 12.78 %. The sulfated xylogalactomannan had Man at the backbone with →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→ and →2)-β-D-Manp-(1→ as the main chain and branches at O-3 position. The side chains contained →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and minor →2)-β-D-Xylp(1→. The sulfate groups only distributed at the side chains and at O-6 position of →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and O-4 position of (1→2)-β-D-Xylp. The anticoagulant activity indicated that CO-0-1 displayed intrinsic anticoagulant and specific anti-thrombin activities. The investigation expanded the utilization and development scene and scope of the green algae Caulerpa okamurae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sitong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Dong
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liu T, Meng H, Guo X, Liu Y, Zhang J. Influences of different ultrasonic treatment intensities on the molecular chain conformation and interfacial behavior of sugar beet pectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133643. [PMID: 38964680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different ultrasonic treatment intensities (57, 170, and 283 W/cm2) on the chemical composition, molecular chain characteristics, crystal structure, micromorphology, interfacial adsorption behavior and emulsifying properties of sugar beet pectin (SBP) were investigated. Ultrasonic treatment did not change the types of SBP monosaccharides, but it had impacts on their various monosaccharide contents. Moreover, the feruloylated, acetyl, and methoxy groups of SBP also undergo varying degrees of changes. The increase in ultrasonic treatment intensity led to transition in the molecular chain conformation of SBP from rigid semi-flexible chains to flexible chains, accompanied by modification in its crystal structure. Microstructural analysis of SBP confirmed the significant change in molecular chain conformation. Modified SBP could form an elastic interfacial film with higher deformation resistance on the oil-water interface. The SBP sample modified with 170 W/cm2 exhibited better emulsifying properties owing to its better interfacial adsorption behavior. Moreover, the emulsions prepared with modified SBP exhibited better stability capability under different environmental stresses (pH value, salt ion concentration, heating temperature and freeze-thaw treatment). The results revealed that the ultrasonic technology is useful to improve the emulsifying properties of SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Hecheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Yibo Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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3
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Zhang H, Li M, Liu Z, Li R, Cao Y. Heat-sealable, transparent, and degradable arabinogalactan/polyvinyl alcohol films with UV-shielding, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133535. [PMID: 38945318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum-based packaging materials are nondegradable and unsustainable and thus are harmful to the environment. Renewable packaging films prepared from bio-based raw materials are promising alternatives to petroleum-based packaging materials. In this study, colorless and transparent bio-based films were successfully cast using a solution containing a mixture of arabinogalactan (AG) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Vanillin was incorporated into the mixture to endow the films with UV-shielding, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The morphological, physical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the blend films were then characterized. At an AG:PVA weight ratio of 1:3, and the vanillin content was 0.15 %, the tensile strength of the AG/PVA/Vanillin (APV) films reached ~28 MPa, while their elongation at break reached ~475 %. The addition of vanillin significantly affected the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the blend films, which exhibited superb UV barrier capacity. The APV films exhibited extremely low oxygen transmittance, delaying the onset of mold/rot in strawberries and reducing their weight loss. Because of the heat sealability of the blend films, they can be used for encapsulating various substances, such as concentrated laundry liquid. Moreover, the blend films were recyclable and biodegradable. Thus, these films have great potential for applications that require sustainable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Mengqing Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Zhulan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Huatai Group Corp Ltd., Dongying 257335, PR China.
| | - Ren'ai Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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Chen JQ, Miao W, Liu Y, Zhou J, Han J, Zhang L, Bian XQ, Zhong T, Wu JL, Li N. Structural characterization, molecular dynamic simulation, and conformational visualization of a water-soluble glucan with high molecular weight from Gastrodia elata Blume. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130207. [PMID: 38365156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have been widely used in the development of natural drugs and health food. However, polysaccharide characterization lags due to inherently complicated features and the limitations of existing detection approaches. We aimed to provide new insight into the fine structure and conformational visualization of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata Blume, a medicinal and edible plant. A water-soluble polysaccharide (GEP2-6) with the high molecular weight of 2.7 × 106 Da was first obtained, and its purity reached 99.2 %. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses jointly revealed that GEP2-6 was a glucan linked by α-(1 → 4) and α-(1 → 6) glycosidic bonds. After enzymolysis, the local structure of GEP2-6 included α-1,4-Glcp, α-1,6-Glcp, α-1,4,6-Glcp, and α-1-Glcp at a molar ratio of 31.27∶1.32∶1.08∶0.93. The glycosidic linkage pattern of repeating units was further simulated by a glycan database and spatial examination software. The good dissolution performance was interpreted by dynamics simulation and practical molecular characteristics. Spherical flexible chains and the porous stable conformation were corroborated using atomic force microscopy. In addition, GEP2-6 could effectively scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals as a promising natural antioxidant. These efforts will contribute to the expansion of clinical applications of this G. elata polysaccharide and the structural elucidation for macromolecular polysaccharides combined with traditional and modern analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Wen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicinal Sciences and Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Xi-Qing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao.
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5
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Chi Y, Li Y, Ding C, Liu X, Luo M, Wang Z, Bi Y, Luo S. Structural and biofunctional diversity of sulfated polysaccharides from the genus Codium (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta): A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130364. [PMID: 38401579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
It is believed that polysaccharides will become a focal point for future production of food, pharmaceuticals, and materials due to their ubiquitous and renewable nature, as well as their exceptional properties that have been extensively validated in the fields of nutrition, healthcare, and materials. Sulfated polysaccharides derived from seaweed sources have attracted considerable attention owing to their distinctive structures and properties. The genus Codium, represented by the species C. fragile, holds significance as a vital economic green seaweed and serves as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. To date, the cell walls of the genus Codium have been found to contain at least four types of sulfated polysaccharides, specifically pyruvylated β-d-galactan sulfates, sulfated arabinogalactans, sulfated β-l-arabinans, and sulfated β-d-mannans. These sulfated polysaccharides exhibit diverse biofunctions, including anticoagulant, immune-enhancing, anticancer, antioxidant activities, and drug-carrying capacity. This review explores the structural and biofunctional diversity of sulfated polysaccharides derived from the genus Codium. Additionally, in addressing the impending challenges within the industrialization of these polysaccharides, encompassing concerns regarding scale-up production and quality control, we outline potential strategies to address these challenges from the perspectives of raw materials, extraction processes, purification technologies, and methods for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Chengcheng Ding
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Meilin Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Yanhong Bi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Si Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
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6
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Luo HJ, Zhang YK, Wang SZ, Lin SQ, Wang LF, Lin ZX, Lu GD, Lin DM. Structural characterization and anti-oxidative activity for a glycopeptide from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129793. [PMID: 38290627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A water-soluble glycopeptide (named GL-PWQ3) with a molecular weight (Mw) of 2.40 × 104 g/mol was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body by hot water extraction, membrane ultrafiltration, and gel column chromatography, which mainly consisted of glucose and galactose. Based on the methylation, FT-IR, 1D, and 2D NMR analysis, the polysaccharide portion of GL-PWQ3 was identified as a glucogalactan, which was comprised of unsubstituted (1,6-α-Galp, 1,6-β-Glcp, 1,4-β-Glcp) and monosubstituted (1,2,6-α-Galp and 1,3,6-β-Glcp) in the backbone and possible branches that at the O-3 position of 1,3-Glcp and T-Glcp, and the O-2 position of T-Fucp, T-Manp or T-Glcp. The chain conformational study by SEC-MALLS-RI and AFM revealed that GL-PWQ3 was identified as a highly branched polysaccharide with a polydispersity index of 1.25, and might have compact sphere structures caused by stacked multiple chains. Moreover, the GL-PWQ3 shows strong anti-oxidative activity in NRK-52E cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidating the structure-functionality relationships of GL-PWQ3 and its potential application as a natural antioxidant in pharmacotherapy as well as functional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jian Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Kun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorge Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Sai-Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shu-Qian Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lian-Fu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhan-Xi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dong-Mei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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7
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Chen Y, Zhang N, Chen X. Structurally Modified Polysaccharides: Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activities, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3259-3276. [PMID: 38308635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are an important class of biomolecules derived from several sources. However, the inherent structure of polysaccharides prevents them from exhibiting favorable physicochemical properties, which restricts their development in agriculture, industry, food, and biomedicine. This paper systematically summarizes the changes in the primary and advanced structures of modified polysaccharides, and focuses on the effects of various modification methods on the hydrophobicity, rheological properties, emulsifying properties, antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of polysaccharides. Then there is a list the applications of modified polysaccharides in treating heavy metal pollutants, purifying water resources, improving beverage stability and bread quality, and precisely delivering the drug. When summarized and reviewed, the information above can shed further light on the relationship between polysaccharide structure and function. Determining the structure-activity relationship provides a scientific basis for the direction of molecular modifications of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Zhang X, Hong L, Zhu BJ, Yuan Y, Li SP, Zhao J. Atomic force microscopy based conformation and immunological activity of Lentinan injections. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126901. [PMID: 37716659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of different brands of lentinan injections produced in China using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and their relationship to immunological activity. Based on AFM imaging, chain height could be used as characterizing the conformation of lentinan, and the heights of 95 % confidence interval for triple, double and single helix were 1.746 ± 0.039 nm, 1.564 ± 0.037 nm and 1.243 ± 0.031 nm, respectively, which were calculated using self-developed MATLAB protocol. AFM characters and their immunological activity of different lentinan injection were compared. In detail, two parameters, triple helix ratio 51.3 % and adhesion force 800 pN, of Jinling (JL) lentinan injection are much higher than samples of other four manufacturers. In addition, immunological activity of JL lentinan injection is also significantly higher than Yineng's. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) profiles of different lentinans were also compared, and the data were in accordance with those from AFM. Molecular weight accumulation curves could be used for evaluation of quality consistence of different batches of lentinan from same manufacturer and/or different manufacturers. The results showed that quality consistence of lentinan from different manufactures is poor, which should be greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, China; Macao Centre for Testing of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Liang Hong
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, China; Macao Centre for Testing of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Bao-Jie Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, China; Macao Centre for Testing of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Yaozu Yuan
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, China; Macao Centre for Testing of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, China; Macao Centre for Testing of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, China.
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9
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Chen Z, Zhao Y, Feng X, Zhang L, Ibrahim SA, Huang W, Liu Y. Effects of degradation on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of carboxymethyl pachymaran. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125560. [PMID: 37364805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf is a well-known edible and medicinal fungus. The polysaccharide in the sclerotium of P. cocos was extracted and prepared into carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP). Three different degradation treatments including high temperature (HT), high pressure (HP) and gamma irradiation (GI) were used to process CMP. The changes in physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of CMP were then comparatively investigated. We found that the molecular weights of HT-CMP, HP-CMP, and GI-CMP decreased from 787.9 kDa to 429.8, 569.5 and 6.0 kDa, respectively. Degradation treatments had no effect on the main chains of →3-β-D-Glcp-(1 → while changed the branched sugar residues. The polysaccharide chains of CMP were depolymerized after high pressure and gamma irradiation treatments. The three degradation methods improved the stability of CMP solution while decreased the thermal stability of CMP. In addition, we found that the GI-CMP with lowest molecular weight had the best antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that gamma irradiation treatment could degrade CMP as functional foods with strong antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yalin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, United States
| | - Lijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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10
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Yang X, Cao D, Ji H, Xu H, Feng Y, Liu A. Physicochemical characterization, rheological properties, and hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of compound polysaccharides in Chinese herbal medicines by fractional precipitation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124838. [PMID: 37172701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different compound polysaccharides (CPs) extracted from Folium nelumbinis, Fructus crataegi, Fagopyrum tataricum, Lycium barbarum, Semen cassiae, and Poria cocos (w/w, 2:4:2:1:1.5:1) by gradient ethanol precipitation on the physicochemical properties and biological activities. Three CPs (CP50, CP70, and CP80) were obtained and comprised rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in different proportions. The CPs contained different amounts of total sugar, uronic acid, and proteins. These also exhibited different physical properties, including particle size, molecular weight, microstructure, and apparent viscosity. Scavenging abilities of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals of CP80 were more potent compared to those of the other two CPs. Furthermore, CP80 significantly increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and hepatic lipase (HL) activity in the liver, while decreasing the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), along with LPS activity. Therefore, CP80 may serve as a natural novel lipid regulator in the field of medicinal and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- National Center of Inspection and Testing for Processed Food Quality, Tianjin Institute for Food Safety Inspection Technology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Dongli Cao
- National Center of Inspection and Testing for Processed Food Quality, Tianjin Institute for Food Safety Inspection Technology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Haiyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huijing Xu
- National Center of Inspection and Testing for Processed Food Quality, Tianjin Institute for Food Safety Inspection Technology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Anjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Lupu A, Gradinaru LM, Gradinaru VR, Bercea M. Diversity of Bioinspired Hydrogels: From Structure to Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050376. [PMID: 37232968 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks with a variety of structures and functions that have a remarkable ability to absorb huge amounts of water or biological fluids. They can incorporate active compounds and release them in a controlled manner. Hydrogels can also be designed to be sensitive to external stimuli: temperature, pH, ionic strength, electrical or magnetic stimuli, specific molecules, etc. Alternative methods for the development of various hydrogels have been outlined in the literature over time. Some hydrogels are toxic and therefore are avoided when obtaining biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, or therapeutic products. Nature is a permanent source of inspiration for new structures and new functionalities of more and more competitive materials. Natural compounds present a series of physico-chemical and biological characteristics suitable for biomaterials, such as biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Thus, they can generate microenvironments comparable to the intracellular or extracellular matrices in the human body. This paper discusses the main advantages of the presence of biomolecules (polysaccharides, proteins, and polypeptides) in hydrogels. Structural aspects induced by natural compounds and their specific properties are emphasized. The most suitable applications will be highlighted, including drug delivery, self-healing materials for regenerative medicine, cell culture, wound dressings, 3D bioprinting, foods, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lupu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luiza Madalina Gradinaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Robert Gradinaru
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Xie W, He S, Fang S, Yin B, Tian R, Wang Y, Wang D. Analysis of starch dissolved in ionic liquid by glass nanopore at single molecular level. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124271. [PMID: 37019197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the glass nanopore technology was proposed to detect a single molecule of starch dissolved in ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl)]. Firstly, the influence of BmimCl on nanopore detection is discussed. It is found that a certain amount of strong polar ionic liquids will disturb the charge distribution in nanopores and increase the detection noise. Then, by analysis of the characteristic current signal of the conical nanopore, the motion behaviour of starch near the entrance of the nanopore was studied and analysis the dominant ion of starch in the BmimCl dissolution process. Finally, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy simply discussed the mechanism of amylose and amylopectin dissolved in BmimCl. These results confirm that branched chain structure would affect the dissolution of polysaccharides in ionic liquids and the contribution of anions to the dissolution of polysaccharides are dominant. It is further proved that the current signal can be used to judge the charge and structure information of the analyte, and the dissolution mechanism can be assist analyzed at the single molecule level.
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Zhang L, Xiao Q, Zhang Y, Weng H, Wang S, Chen F, Xiao A. A comparative study on the gel transition, structural changes, and emulsifying properties of anhydride-esterified agar with varied degrees of substitution and carbon chain lengths. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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14
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Zhang H, Yue Y, Zhang Q, Liang L, Li C, Chen Y, Li W, Peng M, Yang M, Zhao M, Cao X, Zhong L, Du J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Shu Z. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory effects of an arabinan isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120441. [PMID: 36657836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering that natural polysaccharides are potential anti-inflammatory agents, in this study, an arabinan (RGP70-2) was isolated and purified from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (R. glutinosa) and its structure was characterized. RGP70-2 was a homogeneous polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 6.7 kDa, with the main backbone comprising →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2,3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and →2,5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → linkages and the side chain comprising an α-L-Araf-(1 → linkage. In vivo experiments showed that RGP70-2 inhibited ROS production and downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). In vitro experiments showed that RGP70-2 decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibited ROS production, and attenuated NF-κB-p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our results showed that RGP70-2 may delay inflammation by regulating the ROS-NF-κB pathway. Thus, RGP70-2 has potential applications as an anti-inflammatory agent in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yimin Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanyuan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanqiu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingming Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengru Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mantong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyang Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieyong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zunpeng Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Jing Y, Cheng W, Li M, Zhang Y, Pang X, Qiu X, Zheng Y, Zhang D, Wu L. Structural Characterization, Rheological Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:160-165. [PMID: 36437417 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural characteristics, rheological properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Zingiber officinale polysaccharides (ZOP) and ZOP-1 were studied. The total soluble sugar contents of ZOP and ZOP-1 were 78.6 ± 0.6 and 79.4 ± 0.4%, respectively. Compared with ZOP, ZOP-1 had a larger molecular weight and a more uniform distribution. There were also some differences in the monosaccharide composition between ZOP and ZOP-1. The main monosaccharide of ZOP and ZOP-1 was glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal), respectively. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) results showed that the two polysaccharides had the characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides and did not contain nucleic acid and protein. They had good thermal stability, trihelix structure and amorphous sheet structure. ZOP and ZOP-1 had obvious differences in microstructure. The surface of ZOP was smooth and the broken structure was compact and stable with angular shape, while the surface of ZOP-1 was uneven with spiral accumulation and not closely arranged. Moreover, ZOP and ZOP-1 were polysaccharides molecular polymers which were entangled by van der waals' force (VDW) between polysaccharides molecules and hydrogen bond association between sugar chains, and both contain α pyranose. At different concentrations, temperature, pH and salt ion concentrations, both ZOP and ZOP-1 had the properties of non-Newtonian fluids, showed shear dilution phenomenon, which had the potential as a texture modifier or thickener in food or biomedicine. Compared with ZOP, ZOP-1 showed superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Yameng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, 88 Fangxing Road, Shijiazhuang, 050026, China
| | - Danshen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
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Chen Z, Zhu B, Chen Z, Cao W, Wang J, Li S, Zhao J. Effects of steam on polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema based on saccharide mapping analysis and pharmacological activity assays. Chin Med 2022; 17:97. [PMID: 35978410 PMCID: PMC9386940 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polygonatum cyrtonema, one of origins of Polygonata Rhizoma (HuangJing in Chinese), is traditionally steamed repeatedly before being used as herbal medicine in China. However, there has no standard for steaming of HuangJing. Therefore, a comprehensive study for effects of steam on polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema based on saccharide mapping, a powerful method developed for polysaccharides analysis, and pharmacological activity are still necessary, which is helpful to explore the effect of steam on the physiochemical and biological activities of its polysaccharides and develop steaming standard of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Methods To explore the effect of steam on physiochemical and biological activities of P. cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCP), six polysaccharides named PCP0, PCP1, PCP2, PCP3, PCP4 and PCP5 were extracted from the herb consecutively steamed for 0–5 times, respectively. Their molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints were investigated through HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPAEC-PAD and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and HPTLC, respectively. In addition, their antioxidant ability and immunostimulatory activities on RAW 264.7 cells in terms of NO production and phagocytosis were compared. Results Results suggested that molecular weights could be changed during steam, which increased by first steaming and then decreased with further steaming though all polysaccharides’ molecular weights were 105-107 Da. They all showed irregularly spherical conformation in aqueous solution based on AFM imaging. Their monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints were significantly different after steaming, i.e., galactose increased while glucose and mannose decreased, and β-1,4-Galp appeared while β-1,4-Manp increased, after steaming. Steamed PCP significantly increased scavenging activity against ABTS radicals, while PCP0 had the best immunostimulatory effect on RAW 264.7 in terms of NO production and phagocytosis. Conclusions In summary, steam significantly affected the chemical composition and bioactivities of polysaccharides from P. cyrtonema. Considering the balance beneficial effects of steaming on antioxidant and immunopotentiation activities of PCP, 2 times of continuous steam is the optimal choice under the given conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00650-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Baojie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Junqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. .,Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. .,Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Shi Q, Zou MY, Song MM, Wang JH, Zhao HW, Xiong SQ, Zhang H, Liu Y. Effects of ultrasonic on structure, chain conformation and morphology of pectin extracted from Premna microphylla Turcz. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sulfated Polysaccharides Derived from Hypnea valentiae and Their Potential of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticoagulant Activities with In Silico Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3715806. [PMID: 35911161 PMCID: PMC9328948 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3715806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide, was produced by certain species of marine red seaweeds, which have been used as a significant source of food, feed, and antibiotic agent throughout history due to their alleged human health benefits. The present study aimed to derive the polysaccharides from Hypnea valentiae and describe the biological applications. Carrageenan was characterized by FT-IR, C-NMR, AFM, and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant capabilities; furthermore, the larvicidal effect of methanol extract was generated from the seaweed against Aedes aegypti larvae at various concentrations. The molecular docking experiments were carried out computationally for finding the molecular insight of the macromolecules and small molecules' interaction using GLIDE docking by using Schrodinger software. Antibacterial zones of inhibition in different concentrations are compared with the 40 mg/mL higher activity against bacterial pathogens. Carrageenan is strong in all antioxidant activities, with the overall antioxidant (70.1 ± 0.61%) of radical at 250 μg/mL concentration being exhibited. The DPPH scavenging is effective in the inhibition of (65.74 ± 0.58%) radical at a concentration of 160 μg/mL and the hydroxyl scavenging (65.72 ± 0.60%) of activity at a concentration of 125 μg/mL being exhibited. Anticoagulant activities (APPT and PT) of carrageenan fraction were tested. H. valentiae and heparin sulphate shows higher activity of APTT (106.50 IU at 25 μg/mL) in comparison with the PT test (57.86 IU at 25 μg/mL) and the methanol extraction of higher larvicidal activity on A. aegypti (LC50 = 99.675 μg/mL). In this study, the carrageenan was exploited through in vitro and in silico molecular docking studies against antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant properties. The results were establishing the potentiality of the carrageenan which is an alternative source to control the mosquitocidal property in the future. Moreover, molecular docking of carrageenan against multiple targets results in −7 to −6 Kcal/mol binding score. Findings of carrageen from in vitro to in silico studies are needed for further validation of clinical pieces of evidence.
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Liang Z, Yin Z, Liu X, Ma C, Wang J, Zhang Y, Kang W. A glucomannogalactan from Pleurotus geesteranus: Structural characterization, chain conformation and immunological effect. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Long H, Xia X, Liao S, Wu T, Wang L, Chen Q, Wei S, Gu X, Zhu Z. Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant and Hypolipidaemic Activities of a Polysaccharide From the Fruit of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith. Front Nutr 2022; 9:903218. [PMID: 35662931 PMCID: PMC9158746 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.903218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kadsura coccinea fruit, a novel fruit resource, has attracted wide interest, but the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of its polysaccharides remain unclear. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of a polysaccharide extracted from K. coccinea fruit polysaccharide (KCFP) and evaluated its antioxidant and hypolipidaemic activities in vitro and in vivo. KCFP is an amorphous, thermally stable pectin heteropolysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 204.6 kDa that is mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, galacturonic acid (molar percentage >70%) and glucuronic acid. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays and an iron reducing antioxidant power assay showed that KCFP has strong antioxidant capacity, while the bile acid binding assay showed that KCFP has hypolipidaemic potential in vitro. The antioxidant and hypolipidaemic activities of KCFP were further evaluated in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemic mice. KCFP significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, decreased the malondialdehyde content, significantly reduced the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and increased the amount of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). These findings suggest that KCFP could be used as a functional food to remedy oxidative damage and hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Long
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianghua Xia
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Nanning, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suqi Liao
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Nanning, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Nanning, China
| | - Shugen Wei
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Gu,
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhenjun Zhu,
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Menta R, Rosso G, Canzoneri F. Plant-Based: A Perspective on Nutritional and Technological Issues. Are We Ready for "Precision Processing"? Front Nutr 2022; 9:878926. [PMID: 35571909 PMCID: PMC9094677 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of consumers' preference despite being still rooted in taste is rapidly combining with an exponential growth of environmental awareness. Both are forcing innovation into the food industry sector. Today, it is common in the scientific literature to find awareness of nutrition and sustainability, functionality and freshness, taste, and pollution; the most relevant and recognized trends are evolving with unprecedent speed toward a new paradigm. The perfect storm of fast-growing population, together with an exploding level of environmental pollution, is combining with the request for functional foods with more defined health properties and is strongly pushing the food sector to new defined innovation objectives to keep and develop the economic role of most loved brands around the world. The most debated conundrum is how to provide healthy food for all human beings, without further affecting our Mother Earth. Innovation in food raw materials as well as innovation in food processing seems to be the magic solution to provide twice with half, that is, to double the food production combined with declining resources. One of the fastest growing segments in the food industry is the plant-based segment. The status of the available options in food processing applied to plant-based food will be discussed, with a special focus on novel physical processing technologies and atomic force microscopy as possible complementary weapons in science-based definition of a sustainable nutrition approach. A call for a new paradigm such as "precision processing" should be adopted to drive the evolution of the whole food system.
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Tian J, Tang C, Wang X, Zhang X, Xiao L, Li W. Supramolecular structure features and immunomodulatory effects of exopolysaccharide from Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213 in RAW264.7 cells through NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:464-474. [PMID: 35278511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the supramolecular structure features and immunomodulatory effects of two exopolysaccharide fractions (EPS1 and EPS2) from Paecilomyces cicada TJJ1213 in vitro. AFM images revealed that EPS1 and EPS2 displayed different morphological features at different concentrations. Congo red and XRD assay further proved that EPS1 and EPS2 mainly exhibited amorphous structure with random coil conformation in solution. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect of EPSs was investigated on RAW264.7 cells. Results showed that EPS1 and EPS2 could enhance the phagocytic activity and induce the NO production and could also significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-4. Western blot assay analysis demonstrated that EPSs increased protein expression of TLR4 and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of MAPKs proteins (p38, ERK and JNK) were also remarkably increased. Thus, EPSs could active TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways to exert the immunomodulatory effect on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Luyao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
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Macrophage immunity promotion effect of polysaccharide LGP-1 from Guapian tea via PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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24
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Hrmova M, Stratilová B, Stratilová E. Broad Specific Xyloglucan:Xyloglucosyl Transferases Are Formidable Players in the Re-Modelling of Plant Cell Wall Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031656. [PMID: 35163576 PMCID: PMC8836008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferases, known as xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XETs) are the key players that underlie plant cell wall dynamics and mechanics. These fundamental roles are central for the assembly and modifications of cell walls during embryogenesis, vegetative and reproductive growth, and adaptations to living environments under biotic and abiotic (environmental) stresses. XET enzymes (EC 2.4.1.207) have the β-sandwich architecture and the β-jelly-roll topology, and are classified in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 based on their evolutionary history. XET enzymes catalyse transglycosylation reactions with xyloglucan (XG)-derived and other than XG-derived donors and acceptors, and this poly-specificity originates from the structural plasticity and evolutionary diversification that has evolved through expansion and duplication. In phyletic groups, XETs form the gene families that are differentially expressed in organs and tissues in time- and space-dependent manners, and in response to environmental conditions. Here, we examine higher plant XET enzymes and dissect how their exclusively carbohydrate-linked transglycosylation catalytic function inter-connects complex plant cell wall components. Further, we discuss progress in technologies that advance the knowledge of plant cell walls and how this knowledge defines the roles of XETs. We construe that the broad specificity of the plant XETs underscores their roles in continuous cell wall restructuring and re-modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hrmova
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-0775
| | - Barbora Stratilová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Comenius University, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Stratilová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (E.S.)
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Yin ZH, Liu XP, Wang JM, Xi XF, Zhang Y, Zhao RL, Kang WY. Structural Characterization and Anticoagulant Activity of a 3-O-Methylated Heteroglycan From Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus placentodes. Front Chem 2022; 10:825127. [PMID: 35155369 PMCID: PMC8829048 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.825127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus placentodes, a fungus, belongs to the Pleurotaceae family. The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of a novel polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of P. placentodes (PPp-W) and evaluate its anticoagulant activity in vitro. The high-performance liquid chromatography and GC–MS analysis indicated that PPp-W with a molecular weight of 27.4 kDa was mainly composed of mannose (17.56%), glucose (6.37%), galactose (44.89%), and fucose (1.22%) with a certain amount of 3-O-methyled galactose. SEM, XRD, and AFM combined with Congo red test revealed that PPp-W was an irregular curly sheet with triple-helix conformation. The FT-IR, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that PPp-W contained→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-3-O-Me-α-D-Galp-(1→and →2, 6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ as main chain, partially substituted at O-2 and O-6 by non-reducing ends of β-D-Manp-(1→ and β-L-Fucp-(1→ with a small amount of α-1,3-linked-Glcp in backbone. PPp-W could significantly prolong APTT (12.9 ± 0.42 s, p < 0.001) and thrombin time (39.9 ± 0.28 s, p < 0.01) compared with the control group (11.45 ± 0.071 s and 38.05 ± 0.21 s), which showed that PPp-W had anticoagulant activity. These studies suggested that PPp-W was a 3-O-methylated heteroglycan and might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs as an anticoagulant ingredient, which provided a basis for the application of polysaccharides from P. placentodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Yin
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xue-Feng Xi
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Rui-Lin Zhao, ; Wen-Yi Kang,
| | - Rui-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Rui-Lin Zhao, ; Wen-Yi Kang,
| | - Wen-Yi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Rui-Lin Zhao, ; Wen-Yi Kang,
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26
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Dong X, Zhu CP, Huang GQ, Xiao JX. Fractionation and structural characterization of polysaccharides derived from red grape pomace. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Hu T, Cai W, Cai W, Zheng Z, Xiao Y, Huang Q. Structure, size and aggregated morphology of a β-D-glucan from Lignosus rhinocerotis as affected by ultrasound. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118344. [PMID: 34294351 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the structure, size and aggregated morphology of Lignosus rhinocerotis polysaccharide (LRP) was investigated. Ultrasonic treatment for 10 min has demonstrated to improve the aqueous solubility of LRP, leading to a uniform and narrow LRP particle size distribution. Meanwhile, short-time ultrasound was found to obviously decrease the molecular size parameters (Mw, Mn, <S2>z1/2, [η] and Rh) of LRP, and transform the hyperbranched LRP molecules into flexible and extended chains, which would reaggregate to form spherical aggregates under long-time ultrasonication. Additionally, Congo red experiment combined with CD analysis indicated the existence of triple helix structure in LRP, which was still retained after ultrasonic treatment. Furthermore, under short-time ultrasonication, the spherical aggregates with some branched chains in the native LRP solution could disaggregate and form triple helixes that could be further arranged to a dense network structure, but the untangled LRP chains would reaggregate after long-time ultrasonication. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS STUDIED IN THIS ARTICLE: Congo red (PubChem CID: 11313); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Potassium bromide (PubChem CID: 253877).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Wudan Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfei Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yidong Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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28
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Comparative study of structural properties and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from Chroogomphus rutilus by four different approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:215-225. [PMID: 34371040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extraction processes significantly alter the structural and functional properties of polysaccharides. In this study, we extracted polysaccharides from Chroogomphis rutilus fruiting bodies (designated as CRP) using four methods, including hot water, ultrasound, microwave and sequential ultrasound-microwave, and designated these polysaccharides as CRP-H, CRP-M, CRP-U and CRP-UM, respectively. All CRPs were heteropolysaccharides with semblable monosaccharide types of glucose, mannose and galactose, mainly constituted of α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4). The extraction processes significantly affected the molecular weights, monosaccharide proportions, glycosidic bond ratios, branching degrees, triple-helix conformation and surface morphology of the CRPs. Among them, CRP-UM showed the highest yield and most potent antioxidative capacity in vitro and in HL-7702 cells, but the weakest activation of immunostimulatory response in RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, CRP-H exhibited the lowest yield but strongest immunostimulatory activity. Overall, microwave extraction could be utilized as a general and practical CRP extraction approach, based on its relatively high yield and bioactivities.
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29
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Riaz T, Iqbal MW, Jiang B, Chen J. A review of the enzymatic, physical, and chemical modification techniques of xanthan gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:472-489. [PMID: 34217744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xanthan gum (XG), a bacterial polysaccharide has numerous valuable characteristics in the food, biomedical, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture sector. However, XG has also its particular limitations such as its vulnerability to microbial contamination, inadequate mechanical and thermal stability, unusable viscosity, and poor water solubility. Therefore, XG's structure and conformation need to be modified enzymatically, chemically, or physically to improve its optimistic features and decrease the formation of crystals, increase antioxidant ability, and radical scavenging activity. We have found out different means to modify XG and elaborate the importance and significance of the modified structure of XG. In this review, different enzymes are reviewed for XG degradation, which modifies their structure from different points (main chain or side chain). This article also reviews various physical methods (ultrasound, shear, pressure, sonication, annealing, and heat treatments) based on prevailing publications to alter XG conformation and produce low molecular weight (LMW) and less viscous end-product. Moreover, some chemical means are also discussed that result in modified XG through crosslinking, grafting, acetylation, pyruvation, as well as by applying different chemical agents. Overall, the current progress on XG degradation is very auspicious to develop a new molecule with considerable uses, in various industries with future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | | | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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30
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Ma M, Wang H, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Yang S, Lv Z. The absorption of glycosaminoglycans of different molecular weight obtained from Apostichopus japonicus: an in vitro and in situ study. Food Funct 2021; 12:5551-5562. [PMID: 34008639 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the absorption and transport of glycosaminoglycan from Apostichopus japonicus (AHG) and its depolymerized derivatives (DAHG-1, DAHG-2, DAHG-3). The AHG and depolymerized AHGs (DAHGs) were characterized by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that there was no significant difference of an AHG primary structure and functional groups during the depolymerization. Meanwhile, AFM observation showed that AHG and DAHGs possessed linear structures. In this study, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic post-column derivatization method was used to investigate the absorption of AHG and DAHGs with the Caco-2 cell model, the M cell model and the intestinal recirculating perfusion. It was found that AHG and DAHGs can be absorbed in the intestine, and their transport involved endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkai Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, People's Republic of China
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31
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Conformational and rheological properties of bacterial cellulose sulfate. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2326-2336. [PMID: 34089760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a water-soluble bacterial cellulose sulfate (BCS) was prepared with sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (SO3· Py) in a lithium chloride (LiCl)/dimethylacetamide (DMAc) homogeneous solution system using bacterial cellulose (BC). The structural study showed that the value for the degrees of substitution of BCS was 1.23. After modification, the C-6 hydroxyl group of BC was completely substituted and the C-2 and C-3 hydroxyl groups were partially substituted. In an aqueous solution, the BCS existed as a linear polymer with irregular coil conformation, which was consistent with the findings observed using atomic force microscopy. The steady-state shear flow and dynamic viscoelasticity were systematically determined over a range of BCS concentrations (1 %-4 %, w/v) and temperature (5 °C-50 °C). Steady-state flow experiments revealed that BCS exhibited shear thinning behavior, which increased with an increase in concentration and a decrease in temperature. These observations were quantitatively demonstrated using the cross model. Moreover, based on the dynamical viscoelastic properties, we confirmed that BCS was a temperature-sensitive and weak elastic gel, which was somewhere between a dilute solution and an elastic gel. Therefore, considering the special synthetic strategy and rheological behavior, BCS might be used as a renewable material in the field of biological tissue engineering, especially in the manufacture of injectable hydrogels, cell scaffolds, and as a drug carrier.
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32
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Gong Y, Ma Y, Cheung PCK, You L, Liao L, Pedisić S, Kulikouskaya V. Structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of UV/H 2O 2-treated algal sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112157. [PMID: 33789119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to study the effects on structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activities of algal sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLP) after a combined treatment of UV irradiation (average irradiance of 6500 mJ/cm2) and H2O2 (50 mmol/L) for various time periods up to 60 min. After a 30-min treatment, the molecular weight and particle size of GLP was decreased by 15 and 2.6 fold, respectively with small but significant decrease in the contents of total sugars, uronic acids and proteins. There seemed to have no starch and the presence of longer side chains of branches in the GLP samples before and after UV/H2O2 treatment based on the I2-KI assay. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope analysis confirmed that the UV/H2O2 treatment could modify the surface morphology of GLP. GLP treated for 5 min possessed the strongest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 by 60.49%, 62.81% and 36.29%, respectively in IEC-6 cells when compared to the model. Therefore, UV/H2O2 treatment had the potential to enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of algal sulfated polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Yongxuan Ma
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510610, China; Guangzhou Liheng Clinical Nutrition Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Prolaz Kasandrića 6, 23000, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Viktoryia Kulikouskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. 36F. Skaryna Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220141
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33
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Casillo A, Fabozzi A, Russo Krauss I, Parrilli E, Biggs CI, Gibson MI, Lanzetta R, Appavou MS, Radulescu A, Tutino ML, Paduano L, Corsaro MM. Physicochemical Approach to Understanding the Structure, Conformation, and Activity of Mannan Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1445-1457. [PMID: 33729771 PMCID: PMC8045027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Extracellular
polysaccharides are widely produced by bacteria, yeasts, and algae.
These polymers are involved in several biological functions, such
as bacteria adhesion to surface and biofilm formation, ion sequestering,
protection from desiccation, and cryoprotection. The chemical characterization
of these polymers is the starting point for obtaining relationships
between their structures and their various functions. While this fundamental
correlation is well reported and studied for the proteins, for the
polysaccharides, this relationship is less intuitive. In this paper,
we elucidate the chemical structure and conformational studies of
a mannan exopolysaccharide from the permafrost isolated bacterium Psychrobacter arcticus strain 273-4. The mannan from
the cold-adapted bacterium was compared with its dephosphorylated
derivative and the commercial product from Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. Starting from the chemical structure,
we explored a new approach to deepen the study of the structure/activity
relationship. A pool of physicochemical techniques, ranging from small-angle
neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic and static light scattering
(DLS and SLS, respectively) to circular dichroism (CD) and cryo-transmission
electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), have been used. Finally, the ice recrystallization
inhibition activity of the polysaccharides was explored. The experimental
evidence suggests that the mannan exopolysaccharide from P. arcticus bacterium has an efficient interaction
with the water molecules, and it is structurally characterized by
rigid-rod regions assuming a 14-helix-type conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,CSGI - Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Caroline I Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching Forschungszentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-857478 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching Forschungszentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-857478 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Maria L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,CSGI - Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Maria M Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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34
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Study on a novel spherical polysaccharide from Fructus Mori with good antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Chen S, Zheng J, Zhang L, Cheng H, Orfila C, Ye X, Chen J. Synergistic gelling mechanism of RG-I rich citrus pectic polysaccharide at different esterification degree in calcium-induced gelation. Food Chem 2021; 350:129177. [PMID: 33610841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RG-I rich pectic polysaccharide is common in fruit and vegetable and possesses health benefits. However, it is removed during commercial pectin production because of poor gelling properties. Synergistic gelation can improve rheological properties of RG-I pectic polysaccharide and expand its application in functional food hydrocolloids. In the study, RG-I rich pectic polysaccharides at different degree of esterification was extracted from citrus membrane by sequential mild acidic (0.4% HCl, 28 °C) and alkaline (0.6% NaOH, 32 °C) treatment. The pectic polysaccharide from acid water (PA) composes of 41% RG-I and 44% HG with DM of 45%, while the pectic polysaccharide from basic water (PB) composed of 63% RG-I and 19% HG with DM of 15%. PA/PB blend gel under CaCO3-glucono-δ-lactone system showed improved rheological properties compared with pure gels. Ca-bridges connected pectin aggregates and promoted the three-dimensional structure of PA/PB blend gels, while neutral sugar side-chains prompted hydrogen bonds and strengthened gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Laiming Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Klinov DV, Protopopova AD, Andrianov DS, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. An Improved Substrate for Superior Imaging of Individual Biomacromolecules with Atomic Force Microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The Impact of Mushroom Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota and Its Beneficial Effects to Host: A Review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effects of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate on the ultrastructure of beef myofibrillar proteins investigated with atomic force microscopy. Food Chem 2020; 338:128146. [PMID: 33091990 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myofibrillar protein isolated from beef muscles were treated with 3 phosphates (Sodium Hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate) with different concentrations of 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% respectively. Protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity and reactive sulfhydryl group was determined. Atomic force microscopy was used to observe the microscopic protein surface. SDS-PAGE was carried out to determine the proteolysis of myofibrillar protein. The solubility and surface hydrophobic bond of myofibrillar protein was highly increased and the diameter decreased by SHMP, TSPP, STPP. Reactive sulfhydryl groups increased after SHMP addition, but slightly decreased in STPP and TSPP treated MP. TSPP and STPP had the same effect on myofibrillar microstructure and was different from SHMP. Three phosphates all caused MP unfolding. The MP gel complexity was increased, and roughness was decreased after phosphates addition, indicating phosphates helped to construct a more ordered and smoother gel microcosmic surface.
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Yan JK, Cai WD, Wang C, Yu YB, Zhang HN, Yang Y, Wang WH. Macromolecular behavior, structural characteristics and rheological properties of alkali-neutralization curdlan at different concentrations. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Obeid S, Guyomarc'h F. Atomic force microscopy of food assembly: Structural and mechanical insights at the nanoscale and potential opportunities from other fields. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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42
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Jiao Y, Zhuang J, Zheng Q, Liao X. A High Accuracy Ion Conductance Imaging Method Based on the Approach Curve Spectrum. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 215:113025. [PMID: 32485394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), as an emerging non-contact in situ topography measurement tool with nano resolution, has been increasingly used in recent years in biomedicine, electrochemistry and materials science. In the conventional measurement method of SICM, the sample topography is constructed according to the position of the probe at the feedback threshold of the ion current. Nevertheless, for different structures, a constant threshold cannot maintain a constant probe-sample distance. This phenomenon makes the measurement topography inconsistent with the real sample surface. In order to solve this problem and improve the measurement accuracy of SICM, a new ion conductance imaging method based on the approach curve spectrum is proposed in this work. In the new method, the local feature around the measurement point is firstly evaluated according to the change rate of ion current. Secondly, based on the local feature, the corresponding approach curve is searched from the prior approach curve spectrum to accurately evaluate the distance between the probe and the sample. Finally, the sample topography is constructed by the probe position subtracting the probe-sample distance. In this paper, we verify the feasibility of the new imaging method by combining finite element theory and experiments. To examine the measurement accuracy, the standard strip silicon and cylindrical polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples are tested, and the improved imaging method can obtain the topography closer to the real samples and reduce the volumetric measurement error by 5.4%. The implementation of the new imaging method will further promote SICM application in related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbohan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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43
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Liu Y, Vancso GJ. Polymer single chain imaging, molecular forces, and nanoscale processes by Atomic Force Microscopy: The ultimate proof of the macromolecular hypothesis. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Huang Z, Wu Z, Xu J, Wang K. A comparative study on the structures of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides obtained by different decolourization methods and their in vitro antioxidant activities. Food Funct 2020; 10:6720-6731. [PMID: 31566196 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01511f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Decolourization of polysaccharides is one of the crucial procedures that affects their structure, which is closely related to their bioactivity. Here, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP) was decolourized with H2O2 and AB-8 macroporous resin. Then, two main fractions, named DGFP and SGFP, were obtained by purification with Sepharose CL-4B. The molecular weights of these two polysaccharides were determined to be 6.306 × 106 (±0.410%) Da and 1.174 × 107 (±0.299%) Da by HPSEC. Monosaccharide analysis indicated that DGFP was composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose (32.20 : 1.00 : 1.75), while SGFP consisted entirely of glucose. Despite a backbone →4)-α-Glcp-(1→ in two polysaccharides, reducing ends Rα →3)-α-Glcp and Rβ →4)-β-Glcp were observed in DGFP by 1D/2D NMR. The results suggested that decolourization with low concentrations of H2O2 might alter the structure of GFP and generate new reducing ends. In vitro antioxidant results implied that DGFP exhibited a higher ability to scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals and reduced the over-generated ROS levels in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggested that the antioxidant effects of GFP could be activated by decolourization with H2O2. Therefore, DGFP might be a more promising natural antioxidant than SGFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, No. 1227, Jiefang Road, 430030 Wuhan, China
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Cui J, Ren W, Zhao C, Gao W, Tian G, Bao Y, Lian Y, Zheng J. The structure–property relationships of acid- and alkali-extracted grapefruit peel pectins. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Lyu F, Xu X, Zhang L. Natural polysaccharides with different conformations: extraction, structure and anti-tumor activity. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9652-9667. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides as sustainable polymers are rich sources with good biological safety and various biological functions, which are important research topics in the fields of food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Lyu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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47
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Ye J, Hua X, Zhao Q, Zhao W, Chu G, Zhang W, Yang R. Chain conformation and rheological properties of an acid-extracted polysaccharide from peanut sediment of aqueous extraction process. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 228:115410. [PMID: 31635751 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide (PPS) in peanut sediment of aqueous extraction process was obtained at pH4.0, purified via anion-exchange chromatography. The composition, chain conformation and rheological properties were investigated. PPS mainly consisted of arabinose, galacturonic acid, xylose, and rhamnose. The intrinsic viscosity [η] was 0.71 dL/g in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution. The weight-average molar mass Mw and polydispersity index were 3.77 × 105 g/mol and 1.25, suggesting high homogeneity. The average radius of gyration (Rg), hydrodynamic radius (Rh), Rg/Rh ratio and conformation parameter v were 25.5, 18.2, 1.40 and 0.21, respectively, indicating compact coil chain conformation with branched structure. Molecular morphology revealed that PPS displayed chain shape comprised of spheres with a diameter range of 15-50 nm and apparent length of chains mainly ranged from 100 to 300 nm. The aggregation caused by molecular self-association enhanced with concentration increasing. Additionally, Newtonian behavior was observed at various concentrations. Increase in temperature effectively broke this behavior. 10.0 wt.% PPS possessed activation energy of 21.7 KJ/mol, was structured liquid and almost fitted Cox-Merz rule. These closely related with its conformation and molecular self-association behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Guanhe Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
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49
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Chi Y, Ye H, Li H, Li Y, Guan H, Mou H, Wang P. Structure and molecular morphology of a novel moisturizing exopolysaccharide produced by Phyllobacterium sp. 921F. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:998-1005. [PMID: 31173824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are widely applied in food, cosmetic, and medical industries. The EPS produced by Phyllobacterium sp. 921F was a novel polysaccharide, which exhibits attractive characteristics of high yield, favorable rheological properties, and excellent moisture retention ability. Considering the complexity of polysaccharide structures, specific enzymatic hydrolysis was employed here to resolve the structure of the EPS. End-products including tetra-, hexa- and octa-saccharides were isolated. According to their mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the backbone of the EPS was found to be mainly comprising a → 4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-d-Galp(4,6-S-Pyr)-(1 → disaccharide repeating units. Based on atomic force microscopy results, EPS exhibited characteristics that were consistent with a stiff, elongated molecule with no branches. The length and height of the single molecular chain were approximately 600 and 0.7 nm, respectively. Our clarification of structure and molecular morphology of EPS from Phyllobacterium sp. 921F provide a foundation for the industrial application of this potential moisture-retaining material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Han Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Huining Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Huashi Guan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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