1
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Errbii M, Gadau J, Becker K, Schrader L, Oettler J. Causes and consequences of a complex recombinational landscape in the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. Genome Res 2024; 34:863-876. [PMID: 38839375 PMCID: PMC11293551 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278392.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Eusocial Hymenoptera have the highest recombination rates among all multicellular animals studied so far, but it is unclear why this is and how this affects the biology of individual species. A high-resolution linkage map for the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior corroborates genome-wide high recombination rates reported for ants (8.1 cM/Mb). However, recombination is locally suppressed in regions that are enriched with TEs, that have strong haplotype divergence, or that show signatures of epistatic selection in C. obscurior The results do not support the hypotheses that high recombination rates are linked to phenotypic plasticity or to modulating selection efficiency. Instead, genetic diversity and the frequency of structural variants correlate positively with local recombination rates, potentially compensating for the low levels of genetic variation expected in haplodiploid social Hymenoptera with low effective population size. Ultimately, the data show that recombination contributes to within-population polymorphism and to the divergence of the lineages within C. obscurior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Errbii
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gadau
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Schrader
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Jan Oettler
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie/Evolutionsbiologie, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Johnston SE. Understanding the Genetic Basis of Variation in Meiotic Recombination: Past, Present, and Future. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae112. [PMID: 38959451 PMCID: PMC11221659 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a fundamental feature of sexually reproducing species. It is often required for proper chromosome segregation and plays important role in adaptation and the maintenance of genetic diversity. The molecular mechanisms of recombination are remarkably conserved across eukaryotes, yet meiotic genes and proteins show substantial variation in their sequence and function, even between closely related species. Furthermore, the rate and distribution of recombination shows a huge diversity within and between chromosomes, individuals, sexes, populations, and species. This variation has implications for many molecular and evolutionary processes, yet how and why this diversity has evolved is not well understood. A key step in understanding trait evolution is to determine its genetic basis-that is, the number, effect sizes, and distribution of loci underpinning variation. In this perspective, I discuss past and current knowledge on the genetic basis of variation in recombination rate and distribution, explore its evolutionary implications, and present open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Johnston
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
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3
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Condezo YB, Sainz-Urruela R, Gomez-H L, Salas-Lloret D, Felipe-Medina N, Bradley R, Wolff ID, Tanis S, Barbero JL, Sánchez-Martín M, de Rooij D, Hendriks IA, Nielsen ML, Gonzalez-Prieto R, Cohen PE, Pendas AM, Llano E. RNF212B E3 ligase is essential for crossover designation and maturation during male and female meiosis in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320995121. [PMID: 38865271 PMCID: PMC11194559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320995121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Meiosis, a reductional cell division, relies on precise initiation, maturation, and resolution of crossovers (COs) during prophase I to ensure the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I. This process is regulated by the interplay of RING-E3 ligases such as RNF212 and HEI10 in mammals. In this study, we functionally characterized a recently identified RING-E3 ligase, RNF212B. RNF212B colocalizes and interacts with RNF212, forming foci along chromosomes from zygonema onward in a synapsis-dependent and DSB-independent manner. These consolidate into larger foci at maturing COs, colocalizing with HEI10, CNTD1, and MLH1 by late pachynema. Genetically, RNF212B foci formation depends on Rnf212 but not on Msh4, Hei10, and Cntd1, while the unloading of RNF212B at the end of pachynema is dependent on Hei10 and Cntd1. Mice lacking RNF212B, or expressing an inactive RNF212B protein, exhibit modest synapsis defects, a reduction in the localization of pro-CO factors (MSH4, TEX11, RPA, MZIP2) and absence of late CO-intermediates (MLH1). This loss of most COs by diakinesis results in mostly univalent chromosomes. Double mutants for Rnf212b and Rnf212 exhibit an identical phenotype to that of Rnf212b single mutants, while double heterozygous demonstrate a dosage-dependent reduction in CO number, indicating a functional interplay between paralogs. SUMOylome analysis of testes from Rnf212b mutants and pull-down analysis of Sumo- and Ubiquitin-tagged HeLa cells, suggest that RNF212B is an E3-ligase with Ubiquitin activity, serving as a crucial factor for CO maturation. Thus, RNF212 and RNF212B play vital, yet overlapping roles, in ensuring CO homeostasis through their distinct E3 ligase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmine B. Condezo
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (onsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Sainz-Urruela
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (onsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Gomez-H
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (onsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Totipotency, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Salas-Lloret
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Felipe-Medina
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (onsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rachel Bradley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Ian D. Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Stephanie Tanis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Jose Luis Barbero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dirk de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo A. Hendriks
- Proteomics program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael L. Nielsen
- Proteomics program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Román Gonzalez-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad-Pablo de Olavide, 41092Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula E. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Alberto M. Pendas
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (onsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Llano
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (onsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007Salamanca, Spain
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4
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O’Brien NLV, Holland B, Engelstädter J, Ortiz-Barrientos D. The distribution of fitness effects during adaptive walks using a simple genetic network. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011289. [PMID: 38787919 PMCID: PMC11156440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The tempo and mode of adaptation depends on the availability of beneficial alleles. Genetic interactions arising from gene networks can restrict this availability. However, the extent to which networks affect adaptation remains largely unknown. Current models of evolution consider additive genotype-phenotype relationships while often ignoring the contribution of gene interactions to phenotypic variance. In this study, we model a quantitative trait as the product of a simple gene regulatory network, the negative autoregulation motif. Using forward-time genetic simulations, we measure adaptive walks towards a phenotypic optimum in both additive and network models. A key expectation from adaptive walk theory is that the distribution of fitness effects of new beneficial mutations is exponential. We found that both models instead harbored distributions with fewer large-effect beneficial alleles than expected. The network model also had a complex and bimodal distribution of fitness effects among all mutations, with a considerable density at deleterious selection coefficients. This behavior is reminiscent of the cost of complexity, where correlations among traits constrain adaptation. Our results suggest that the interactions emerging from genetic networks can generate complex and multimodal distributions of fitness effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. V. O’Brien
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara Holland
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jan Engelstädter
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Chen Z, Zhou M, Sun Y, Tang X, Zhang Z, Huang L. Exploration of Genome-Wide Recombination Rate Variation Patterns at Different Scales in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1345. [PMID: 38731349 PMCID: PMC11083071 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a prevalent process in eukaryotic sexual reproduction organisms that plays key roles in genetic diversity, breed selection, and species evolution. However, the recombination events differ across breeds and even within breeds. In this study, we initially computed large-scale population recombination rates of both sexes using approximately 52 K SNP genotypes in a total of 3279 pigs from four different Chinese and Western breeds. We then constructed a high-resolution historical recombination map using approximately 16 million SNPs from a sample of unrelated individuals. Comparative analysis of porcine recombination events from different breeds and at different resolutions revealed the following observations: Firstly, the 1Mb-scale pig recombination maps of the same sex are moderately conserved among different breeds, with the similarity of recombination events between Western pigs and Chinese indigenous pigs being lower than within their respective groups. Secondly, we identified 3861 recombination hotspots in the genome and observed medium- to high-level correlation between historical recombination rates (0.542~0.683) and estimates of meiotic recombination rates. Third, we observed that recombination hotspots are significantly far from the transcription start sites of pig genes, and the silico-predicted PRDM9 zinc finger domain DNA recognition motif is significantly enriched in the regions of recombination hotspots compared to recombination coldspots, highlighting the potential role of PRDM9 in regulating recombination hotspots in pigs. Our study analyzed the variation patterns of the pig recombination map at broad and fine scales, providing a valuable reference for genomic selection breeding and laying a crucial foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of pig genome recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhiyan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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6
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Parée T, Noble L, Ferreira Gonçalves J, Teotónio H. rec-1 loss of function increases recombination in the central gene clusters at the expense of autosomal pairing centers. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad205. [PMID: 38001364 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic control of crossover (CO) number and position is critical for homologous chromosome segregation and organismal fertility, recombination of parental genotypes, and the generation of novel genetic combinations. We here characterize the recombination rate landscape of a rec-1 loss of function modifier of CO position in Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the first ever modifiers discovered. By averaging CO position across hermaphrodite and male meioses and by genotyping 203 single-nucleotide variants covering about 95% of the genome, we find that the characteristic chromosomal arm-center recombination rate domain structure is lost in the loss of function rec-1 mutant. The rec-1 loss of function mutant smooths the recombination rate landscape but is insufficient to eliminate the nonuniform position of CO. Lower recombination rates in the rec-1 mutant are particularly found in the autosomal arm domains containing the pairing centers. We further find that the rec-1 mutant is of little consequence for organismal fertility and egg viability and thus for rates of autosomal nondisjunction. It nonetheless increases X chromosome nondisjunction rates and thus male appearance. Our findings question the maintenance of recombination rate heritability and genetic diversity among C. elegans natural populations, and they further suggest that manipulating genetic modifiers of CO position will help find quantitative trait loci located in low-recombining genomic regions normally refractory to discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Parée
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR, 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Luke Noble
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR, 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, Paris F-75005, France
- EnviroDNA, 95 Albert St., Brunswick, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - João Ferreira Gonçalves
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR, 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Henrique Teotónio
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR, 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, Paris F-75005, France
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7
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Lecomte L, Árnyasi M, Ferchaud A, Kent M, Lien S, Stenløkk K, Sylvestre F, Bernatchez L, Mérot C. Investigating structural variant, indel and single nucleotide polymorphism differentiation between locally adapted Atlantic salmon populations. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13653. [PMID: 38495945 PMCID: PMC10940791 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic structural variants (SVs) are now recognized as an integral component of intraspecific polymorphism and are known to contribute to evolutionary processes in various organisms. However, they are inherently difficult to detect and genotype from readily available short-read sequencing data, and therefore remain poorly documented in wild populations. Salmonid species displaying strong interpopulation variability in both life history traits and habitat characteristics, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), offer a prime context for studying adaptive polymorphism, but the contribution of SVs to fine-scale local adaptation has yet to be explored. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of SVs, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small indels (<50 bp) segregating in the Romaine and Puyjalon salmon, two putatively locally adapted populations inhabiting neighboring rivers (Québec, Canada) and showing pronounced variation in life history traits, namely growth, fecundity, and age at maturity and smoltification. We first catalogued polymorphism using a hybrid SV characterization approach pairing both short- (16X) and long-read sequencing (20X) for variant discovery with graph-based genotyping of SVs across 60 salmon genomes, along with characterization of SNPs and small indels from short reads. We thus identified 115,907 SVs, 8,777,832 SNPs and 1,089,321 short indels, with SVs covering 4.8 times more base pairs than SNPs. All three variant types revealed a highly congruent population structure and similar patterns of F ST and density variation along the genome. Finally, we performed outlier detection and redundancy analysis (RDA) to identify variants of interest in the putative local adaptation of Romaine and Puyjalon salmon. Genes located near these variants were enriched for biological processes related to nervous system function, suggesting that observed variation in traits such as age at smoltification could arise from differences in neural development. This study therefore demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale SV characterization and highlights its relevance for salmonid population genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Lecomte
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Mariann Árnyasi
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE)Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Anne‐Laure Ferchaud
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Present address:
Parks Canada, Office of the Chief Ecosystem ScientistQuébecQCCanada
| | - Matthew Kent
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE)Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Sigbjørn Lien
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE)Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Kristina Stenløkk
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE)Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Florent Sylvestre
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Claire Mérot
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Present address:
UMR 6553 Ecobio, OSUR, CNRSUniversité de RennesRennesFrance
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8
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Brekke C, Johnston SE, Knutsen TM, Berg P. Genetic architecture of individual meiotic crossover rate and distribution in Atlantic Salmon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20481. [PMID: 37993527 PMCID: PMC10665409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination through chromosomal crossovers ensures proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, while also breaking down linkage disequilibrium and shuffling alleles at loci located on the same chromosome. Rates of recombination can vary between species, but also between and within individuals, sex and chromosomes within species. Indeed, the Atlantic salmon genome is known to have clear sex differences in recombination with female biased heterochiasmy and markedly different landscapes of crossovers between males and females. In male meiosis, crossovers occur strictly in the telomeric regions, whereas in female meiosis crossovers tend to occur closer to the centromeres. However, little is known about the genetic control of these patterns and how this differs at the individual level. Here, we investigate genetic variation in individual measures of recombination in > 5000 large full-sib families of a Norwegian Atlantic salmon breeding population with high-density SNP genotypes. We show that females had 1.6 × higher crossover counts (CC) than males, with autosomal linkage maps spanning a total of 2174 cM in females and 1483 cM in males. However, because of the extreme telomeric bias of male crossovers, female recombination is much more important for generation of new haplotypes with 8 × higher intra-chromosomal genetic shuffling than males. CC was heritable in females (h2 = 0.11) and males (h2 = 0.10), and shuffling was also heritable in both sex but with a lower heritability in females (h2 = 0.06) than in males (h2 = 0.11). Inter-sex genetic correlations for both traits were close to zero, suggesting that rates and distribution of crossovers are genetically distinct traits in males and females, and that there is a potential for independent genetic change in both sexes in the Atlantic Salmon. Together, these findings give novel insights into the genetic architecture of recombination in salmonids and contribute to a better understanding of how rates and distribution of recombination may evolve in eukaryotes more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Brekke
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Box 5003, 1433, Ås, Norway.
| | - Susan E Johnston
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | | | - Peer Berg
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Box 5003, 1433, Ås, Norway
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9
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Lian Q, Maestroni L, Gaudin M, Llorente B, Mercier R. Meiotic recombination is confirmed to be unusually high in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. iScience 2023; 26:107614. [PMID: 37664590 PMCID: PMC10474467 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, meiotic crossovers (COs) are limited to 1-3 per chromosome, and are prevented from occurring close to one another by CO interference. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an exception to these general rules, was reported to have the highest CO number per chromosome and no or weak interference. However, global CO frequency was indirectly estimated, calling for confirmation. Here, we used an innovative strategy to determine COs genome-wide in S. pombe. We confirmed weak CO interference, acting at physical distances compatible with the patterning of recombination precursors. We revealed a slight co-variation in CO number between chromosomes, suggesting that a limiting pro-CO factor varies between meiocytes. CO number per chromosome varies proportionally with chromosome size, with the three chromosomes having, on average, 15.9, 12.5, and 7.0 COs, respectively. This reinforces S. pombe's status as the eukaryote with the highest CO number per chromosome described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Lian
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laetitia Maestroni
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Gaudin
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Llorente
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Rybnikov SR, Frenkel Z, Hübner S, Weissman DB, Korol AB. Modeling the evolution of recombination plasticity: A prospective review. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200237. [PMID: 37246937 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is one of the main sources of genetic variation, a fundamental factor in the evolutionary adaptation of sexual eukaryotes. Yet, the role of variation in recombination rate and other recombination features remains underexplored. In this review, we focus on the sensitivity of recombination rates to different extrinsic and intrinsic factors. We briefly present the empirical evidence for recombination plasticity in response to environmental perturbations and/or poor genetic background and discuss theoretical models developed to explain how such plasticity could have evolved and how it can affect important population characteristics. We highlight a gap between the evidence, which comes mostly from experiments with diploids, and theory, which typically assumes haploid selection. Finally, we formulate open questions whose solving would help to outline conditions favoring recombination plasticity. This will contribute to answering the long-standing question of why sexual recombination exists despite its costs, since plastic recombination may be evolutionary advantageous even in selection regimes rejecting any non-zero constant recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sviatoslav R Rybnikov
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Frenkel
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sariel Hübner
- Galilee Research Institute (MIGAL), Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | - Abraham B Korol
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Osse AML, Pandey RS, Wirt RA, Ortiz AA, Salazar A, Kimmich M, Toledano Strom EN, Oblak A, Lamb B, Hyman JM, Carter GW, Kinney J. Reduction in GABAB on glia induce Alzheimer's disease related changes. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:260-275. [PMID: 36906075 PMCID: PMC10115139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and neuroinflammation. Data have demonstrated that neuroinflammation contributes to Aβ and NFT onset and progression, indicating inflammation and glial signaling is vital to understanding AD. A previous investigation demonstrated a significant decrease of the GABAB receptor (GABABR) in APP/PS1 mice (Salazar et al., 2021). To determine if changes in GABABR restricted to glia serve a role in AD, we developed a mouse model with a reduction of GABABR restricted to macrophages, GAB/CX3ert. This model exhibits changes in gene expression and electrophysiological alterations similar to amyloid mouse models of AD. Crossing the GAB/CX3ert mouse with APP/PS1 resulted in significant increases in Aβ pathology. Our data demonstrates that decreased GABABR on macrophages leads to several changes observed in AD mouse models, as well as exacerbation of AD pathology when crossed with existing models. These data suggest a novel mechanism in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Leisgang Osse
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Brain Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States.
| | - Ravi S Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Ryan A Wirt
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Psychology, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Andrew A Ortiz
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Brain Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Arnold Salazar
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Brain Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Michael Kimmich
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Brain Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Erin N Toledano Strom
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Brain Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Adrian Oblak
- Indiana University, School of Medicine, 340 W 10(th) Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Bruce Lamb
- Indiana University, School of Medicine, 340 W 10(th) Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - James M Hyman
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Psychology, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Gregory W Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Jefferson Kinney
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Brain Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
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12
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Valero-Regalón FJ, Solé M, López-Jiménez P, Valerio-de Arana M, Martín-Ruiz M, de la Fuente R, Marín-Gual L, Renfree MB, Shaw G, Berríos S, Fernández-Donoso R, Waters PD, Ruiz-Herrera A, Gómez R, Page J. Divergent patterns of meiotic double strand breaks and synapsis initiation dynamics suggest an evolutionary shift in the meiosis program between American and Australian marsupials. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147610. [PMID: 37181752 PMCID: PMC10166821 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In eutherian mammals, hundreds of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are generated at the onset of meiosis. The DNA damage response is then triggered. Although the dynamics of this response is well studied in eutherian mammals, recent findings have revealed different patterns of DNA damage signaling and repair in marsupial mammals. To better characterize these differences, here we analyzed synapsis and the chromosomal distribution of meiotic DSBs markers in three different marsupial species (Thylamys elegans, Dromiciops gliorides, and Macropus eugenii) that represent South American and Australian Orders. Our results revealed inter-specific differences in the chromosomal distribution of DNA damage and repair proteins, which were associated with differing synapsis patterns. In the American species T. elegans and D. gliroides, chromosomal ends were conspicuously polarized in a bouquet configuration and synapsis progressed exclusively from the telomeres towards interstitial regions. This was accompanied by sparse H2AX phosphorylation, mainly accumulating at chromosomal ends. Accordingly, RAD51 and RPA were mainly localized at chromosomal ends throughout prophase I in both American marsupials, likely resulting in reduced recombination rates at interstitial positions. In sharp contrast, synapsis initiated at both interstitial and distal chromosomal regions in the Australian representative M. eugenii, the bouquet polarization was incomplete and ephemeral, γH2AX had a broad nuclear distribution, and RAD51 and RPA foci displayed an even chromosomal distribution. Given the basal evolutionary position of T. elegans, it is likely that the meiotic features reported in this species represent an ancestral pattern in marsupials and that a shift in the meiotic program occurred after the split of D. gliroides and the Australian marsupial clade. Our results open intriguing questions about the regulation and homeostasis of meiotic DSBs in marsupials. The low recombination rates observed at the interstitial chromosomal regions in American marsupials can result in the formation of large linkage groups, thus having an impact in the evolution of their genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mireia Solé
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Valerio-de Arana
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Fuente
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of The Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Laia Marín-Gual
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilyn B. Renfree
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoff Shaw
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Soledad Berríos
- Programa de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Fernández-Donoso
- Programa de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul D. Waters
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aurora Ruiz-Herrera
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Page
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Taylor KY, Agu I, José I, Mäntynen S, Campbell AJ, Mattson C, Chou TW, Zhou B, Gresham D, Ghedin E, Díaz Muñoz SL. Influenza A virus reassortment is strain dependent. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011155. [PMID: 36857394 PMCID: PMC10010518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses can exchange genetic material during coinfection, an interaction that creates novel strains with implications for viral evolution and public health. Influenza A viral genetic exchange can occur when genome segments from distinct strains reassort in coinfected cells. Predicting potential genomic reassortment between influenza strains has been a long-standing goal. Experimental coinfection studies have shed light on factors that limit or promote reassortment. However, determining the reassortment potential between diverse Influenza A strains has remained elusive. To address this challenge, we developed a high throughput genotyping approach to quantify reassortment among a diverse panel of human influenza virus strains encompassing two pandemics (swine and avian origin), three specific epidemics, and both circulating human subtypes A/H1N1 and A/H3N2. We found that reassortment frequency (the proportion of reassortants generated) is an emergent property of specific pairs of strains where strain identity is a predictor of reassortment frequency. We detect little evidence that antigenic subtype drives reassortment as intersubtype (H1N1xH3N2) and intrasubtype reassortment frequencies were, on average, similar. Instead, our data suggest that certain strains bias the reassortment frequency up or down, independently of the coinfecting partner. We observe that viral productivity is also an emergent property of coinfections, but uncorrelated to reassortment frequency; thus viral productivity is a separate factor affecting the total number of reassortants produced. Assortment of individual segments among progeny and pairwise segment combinations within progeny generally favored homologous combinations. These outcomes were not related to strain similarity or shared subtype but reassortment frequency was closely correlated to the proportion of both unique genotypes and of progeny with heterologous pairwise segment combinations. We provide experimental evidence that viral genetic exchange is potentially an individual social trait subject to natural selection, which implies the propensity for reassortment is not evenly shared among strains. This study highlights the need for research incorporating diverse strains to discover the traits that shift the reassortment potential to realize the goal of predicting influenza virus evolution resulting from segment exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishana Y. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis Davis, California
| | - Ilechukwu Agu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis Davis, California
| | - Ivy José
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis Davis, California
| | - Sari Mäntynen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis Davis, California
| | - A. J. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis Davis, California
| | - Courtney Mattson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis Davis, California
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology + Department of Biology New York University New York, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhou
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology + Department of Biology New York University New York, United States of America
| | - David Gresham
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology + Department of Biology New York University New York, United States of America
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology + Department of Biology New York University New York, United States of America
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samuel L. Díaz Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California, Davis Davis, California
- Genome Center University of California, Davis Davis, California
- * E-mail:
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14
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Brekke C, Johnston SE, Gjuvsland AB, Berg P. Variation and genetic control of individual recombination rates in Norwegian Red dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1130-1141. [PMID: 36543643 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is an important evolutionary mechanism that breaks up linkages between loci and creates novel haplotypes for selection to act upon. Understanding the genetic control of variation in recombination rates is therefore of great interest in both natural and domestic breeding populations. In this study, we used pedigree information and medium-density (∼50K) genotyped data in a large cattle (Bos taurus) breeding population in Norway (Norwegian Red cattle) to investigate recombination rate variation between sexes and individual animals. Sex-specific linkage mapping showed higher rates in males than in females (total genetic length of autosomes = 2,492.9 cM in males and 2,308.9 cM in females). However, distribution of recombination along the genome showed little variation between males and females compared with that in other species. The heritability of autosomal crossover count was low but significant in both sexes (h2 = 0.04 and 0.09 in males and females, respectively). We identified 2 loci associated with variation in individual crossover counts in female, one close to the candidate gene CEP55 and one close to both MLH3 and NEK9. All 3 genes have been associated with recombination rates in other cattle breeds. Our study contributes to the understanding of how recombination rates are controlled and how they may vary between closely related breeds as well as between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brekke
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 6, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - S E Johnston
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | | | - P Berg
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
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15
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Wooldridge LK, Dumont BL. Rapid Evolution of the Fine-scale Recombination Landscape in Wild House Mouse (Mus musculus) Populations. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 40:6889355. [PMID: 36508360 PMCID: PMC9825251 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is an important evolutionary force and an essential meiotic process. In many species, recombination events concentrate into hotspots defined by the site-specific binding of PRMD9. Rapid evolution of Prdm9's zinc finger DNA-binding array leads to remarkably abrupt shifts in the genomic distribution of hotspots between species, but the question of how Prdm9 allelic variation shapes the landscape of recombination between populations remains less well understood. Wild house mice (Mus musculus) harbor exceptional Prdm9 diversity, with >150 alleles identified to date, and pose a particularly powerful system for addressing this open question. We employed a coalescent-based approach to construct broad- and fine-scale sex-averaged recombination maps from contemporary patterns of linkage disequilibrium in nine geographically isolated wild house mouse populations, including multiple populations from each of three subspecies. Comparing maps between wild mouse populations and subspecies reveals several themes. First, we report weak fine- and broad-scale recombination map conservation across subspecies and populations, with genetic divergence offering no clear prediction for recombination map divergence. Second, most hotspots are unique to one population, an outcome consistent with minimal sharing of Prdm9 alleles between surveyed populations. Finally, by contrasting aggregate hotspot activity on the X versus autosomes, we uncover evidence for population-specific differences in the degree and direction of sex dimorphism for recombination. Overall, our findings illuminate the variability of both the broad- and fine-scale recombination landscape in M. musculus and underscore the functional impact of Prdm9 allelic variation in wild mouse populations.
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16
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Garassino F, Wijfjes RY, Boesten R, Reyes Marquez F, Becker FFM, Clapero V, van den Hatert I, Holmer R, Schranz ME, Harbinson J, de Ridder D, Smit S, Aarts MGM. The genome sequence of Hirschfeldia incana, a new Brassicaceae model to improve photosynthetic light-use efficiency. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1298-1315. [PMID: 36239071 PMCID: PMC10100226 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a key process in sustaining plant and human life. Improving the photosynthetic capacity of agricultural crops is an attractive means to increase their yields. While the core mechanisms of photosynthesis are highly conserved in C3 plants, these mechanisms are very flexible, allowing considerable diversity in photosynthetic properties. Among this diversity is the maintenance of high photosynthetic light-use efficiency at high irradiance as identified in a small number of exceptional C3 species. Hirschfeldia incana, a member of the Brassicaceae family, is such an exceptional species, and because it is easy to grow, it is an excellent model for studying the genetic and physiological basis of this trait. Here, we present a reference genome of H. incana and confirm its high photosynthetic light-use efficiency. While H. incana has the highest photosynthetic rates found so far in the Brassicaceae, the light-saturated assimilation rates of closely related Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra are also high. The H. incana genome has extensively diversified from that of B. rapa and B. nigra through large chromosomal rearrangements, species-specific transposon activity, and differential retention of duplicated genes. Duplicated genes in H. incana, B. rapa, and B. nigra that are involved in photosynthesis and/or photoprotection show a positive correlation between copy number and gene expression, providing leads into the mechanisms underlying the high photosynthetic efficiency of these species. Our work demonstrates that the H. incana genome serves as a valuable resource for studying the evolution of high photosynthetic light-use efficiency and enhancing photosynthetic rates in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Y. Wijfjes
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Present address:
Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilian University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - René Boesten
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | | | - Frank F. M. Becker
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Vittoria Clapero
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Present address:
Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyGolmGermany
| | | | - Rens Holmer
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory of BiophysicsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Dick de Ridder
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Sandra Smit
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
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17
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Winbush A, Singh ND. Variation in fine-scale recombination rate in temperature-evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations in response to selection. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6663992. [PMID: 35961026 PMCID: PMC9526048 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination plays a critical evolutionary role in maintaining fitness in response to selective pressures due to changing environments. Variation in recombination rate has been observed amongst and between species and populations and within genomes across numerous taxa. Studies have demonstrated a link between changes in recombination rate and selection, but the extent to which fine-scale recombination rate varies between evolved populations during the evolutionary period in response to selection is under active research. Here, we utilize a set of 3 temperature-evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations that were shown to have diverged in several phenotypes, including recombination rate, based on the temperature regime in which they evolved. Using whole-genome sequencing data from these populations, we generated linkage disequilibrium-based fine-scale recombination maps for each population. With these maps, we compare recombination rates and patterns among the 3 populations and show that they have diverged at fine scales but are conserved at broader scales. We further demonstrate a correlation between recombination rates and genomic variation in the 3 populations. Lastly, we show variation in localized regions of enhanced recombination rates, termed warm spots, between the populations with these warm spots and associated genes overlapping areas previously shown to have diverged in the 3 populations due to selection. These data support the existence of recombination modifiers in these populations which are subject to selection during evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Winbush
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Nadia D Singh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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18
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Samuk K, Noor MAF. Gene flow biases population genetic inference of recombination rate. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6698695. [PMID: 36103705 PMCID: PMC9635666 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of the rate of recombination are key to understanding a host of evolutionary processes as well as the evolution of the recombination rate itself. Model-based population genetic methods that infer recombination rates from patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the genome have become a popular method to estimate rates of recombination. However, these linkage disequilibrium-based methods make a variety of simplifying assumptions about the populations of interest that are often not met in natural populations. One such assumption is the absence of gene flow from other populations. Here, we use forward-time population genetic simulations of isolation-with-migration scenarios to explore how gene flow affects the accuracy of linkage disequilibrium-based estimators of recombination rate. We find that moderate levels of gene flow can result in either the overestimation or underestimation of recombination rates by up to 20–50% depending on the timing of divergence. We also find that these biases can affect the detection of interpopulation differences in recombination rate, causing both false positives and false negatives depending on the scenario. We discuss future possibilities for mitigating these biases and recommend that investigators exercise caution and confirm that their study populations meet assumptions before deploying these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Samuk
- Department of Biology, Duke University , Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The University of California, Riverside ,Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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19
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Diversity and determinants of recombination landscapes in flowering plants. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010141. [PMID: 36040927 PMCID: PMC9467342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, crossover rates are not randomly distributed along the chromosome and their location may have a strong impact on the functioning and evolution of the genome. To date, the broad diversity of recombination landscapes among plants has rarely been investigated and a formal comparative genomic approach is still needed to characterize and assess the determinants of recombination landscapes among species and chromosomes. We gathered genetic maps and genomes for 57 flowering plant species, corresponding to 665 chromosomes, for which we estimated large-scale recombination landscapes. We found that the number of crossover per chromosome spans a limited range (between one to five/six) whatever the genome size, and that there is no single relationship across species between genetic map length and chromosome size. Instead, we found a general relationship between the relative size of chromosomes and recombination rate, while the absolute length constrains the basal recombination rate for each species. At the chromosome level, we identified two main patterns (with a few exceptions) and we proposed a conceptual model explaining the broad-scale distribution of crossovers where both telomeres and centromeres play a role. These patterns correspond globally to the underlying gene distribution, which affects how efficiently genes are shuffled at meiosis. These results raised new questions not only on the evolution of recombination rates but also on their distribution along chromosomes. Meiotic recombination is a universal feature of sexually reproducing species. During meiosis, crossovers play a fundamental role for the proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis and reshuffles alleles among chromosomes. How much variation in recombination is expected within a genome and among different species remains a central question for understanding the evolution of recombination. We characterized and compared recombination landscapes in a large set of plant species with a wide range of genome size. We found that the number of crossovers varied little among species, from one mandatory to no more than five or six crossovers per chromosomes, whatever the genome size. However, we identified two main patterns of variation along chromosomes (with a few exceptions) that can be explained by a new conceptual model where chromosome length, chromosome structure and gene density play a role. The strong association between gene density and recombination was already known, but raised new questions not only about the evolution of recombination rates but also on their distribution along chromosomes.
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20
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Stetsenko R, Roze D. The evolution of recombination in self-fertilizing organisms. Genetics 2022; 222:6656355. [PMID: 35929790 PMCID: PMC9434187 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytological data from flowering plants suggest that the evolution of recombination rates is affected by the mating system of organisms, as higher chiasma frequencies are often observed in self-fertilizing species compared with their outcrossing relatives. Understanding the evolutionary cause of this effect is of particular interest, as it may shed light on the selective forces favoring recombination in natural populations. While previous models showed that inbreeding may have important effects on selection for recombination, existing analytical treatments are restricted to the case of loosely linked loci and weak selfing rates, and ignore the stochastic effect of genetic interference (Hill-Robertson effect), known to be an important component of selection for recombination in randomly mating populations. In this article, we derive general expressions quantifying the stochastic and deterministic components of selection acting on a mutation affecting the genetic map length of a whole chromosome along which deleterious mutations occur, valid for arbitrary selfing rates. The results show that selfing generally increases selection for recombination caused by interference among mutations as long as selection against deleterious alleles is sufficiently weak. While interference is often the main driver of selection for recombination under tight linkage or high selfing rates, deterministic effects can play a stronger role under intermediate selfing rates and high recombination, selecting against recombination in the absence of epistasis, but favoring recombination when epistasis is negative. Individual-based simulation results indicate that our analytical model often provides accurate predictions for the strength of selection on recombination under partial selfing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Stetsenko
- CNRS, IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, 29688 Roscoff, France.,Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Denis Roze
- CNRS, IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, 29688 Roscoff, France.,Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29688 Roscoff, France
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21
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Brekke C, Berg P, Gjuvsland AB, Johnston SE. Recombination rates in pigs differ between breeds, sexes and individuals, and are associated with the RNF212, SYCP2, PRDM7, MEI1 and MSH4 loci. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:33. [PMID: 35596132 PMCID: PMC9123673 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombination is a fundamental part of mammalian meiosis that leads to the exchange of large segments of DNA between homologous chromosomes and is therefore an important driver of genetic diversity in populations. In breeding populations, understanding recombination is of particular interest because it can break up unfavourable linkage phases between alleles and produce novel combinations of alleles that could be exploited in selection. In this study, we used dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data and pedigree information to analyse individual and sex-specific variation and genetic architecture of recombination rates within and between five commercially selected pig breeds. Results In agreement with previous studies, recombination rates were higher in females than in males for all breeds and for all chromosomes, except 1 and 13, for which male rates were slightly higher. Total recombination rate differed between breeds but the pattern of recombination along the chromosomes was well conserved across breeds for the same sex. The autosomal linkage maps spanned a total length of 1731 to 1887 cM for males and of 2231 to 2515 cM for females. Estimates of heritability for individual autosomal crossover count ranged from 0.04 to 0.07 for males and from 0.08 to 0.11 for females. Fourteen genomic regions were found to be associated with individual autosomal crossover count. Of these, four were close to or within candidate genes that have previously been associated with individual recombination rates in pigs and other mammals, namely RNF212, SYCP2 and MSH4. Two of the identified regions included the PRDM7 and MEI1 genes, which are known to be involved in meiosis but have not been previously associated with variation in individual recombination rates. Conclusions This study shows that genetic variation in autosomal recombination rate persists in domesticated species under strong selection, with differences between closely-related breeds and marked differences between the sexes. Our findings support results from other studies, i.e., that individual crossover counts are associated with the RNF212, SYCP2 and MSH4 genes in pig. In addition, we have found two novel candidate genes associated with the trait, namely PRDM7 and MEI1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-022-00723-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Brekke
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 6, 1433, Ås, Norway.
| | - Peer Berg
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 6, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Susan E Johnston
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
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22
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Altindag UH, Taylor HN, Shoben C, Pownall KA, Stevison LS. Putative Condition-Dependent Viability Selection in Wild-Type Stocks of <b><i>Drosophila pseudoobscura</i></b>. Cytogenet Genome Res 2022; 162:76-93. [DOI: 10.1159/000522585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination rates vary in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recently, heat stress has been shown to reveal plasticity in recombination rates in <i>Drosophila pseudoobscura.</i> Here, a combination of molecular genotyping and X-linked recessive phenotypic markers were used to investigate differences in recombination rates due to heat stress. In addition, haplotypes from the genetic crosses were compared to test if they deviated from equal proportions, which would indicate viability selection. To avoid this potential bias, SNP genotyping markers overlapping the regions assayed with mutant markers were used to further investigate recombination rate. Interestingly, skews in haplotype frequency were consistent with the fixation of alleles in the wild-type stocks used that are unfit at high temperature. Evidence of viability selection due to heat stress in the wild-type haplotypes was most apparent on days 7–9 when more mutant non-crossover haplotypes were recovered in comparison to wild type (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Recombination analysis using SNP markers showed days 9–10 as significantly different due to heat stress in 2 pairs of consecutive SNP markers (<i>p</i> = 0.018; <i>p</i> = 0.015), suggesting that during this time period the recombination rate is most sensitive to heat stress. This peak timing for recombination plasticity is consistent with <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> based on a comparison of similarly timed key meiotic events, enabling future mechanistic work of temperature stress on recombination rate.
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23
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Akopyan M, Tigano A, Jacobs A, Wilder AP, Baumann H, Therkildsen NO. Comparative linkage mapping uncovers recombination suppression across massive chromosomal inversions associated with local adaptation in Atlantic silversides. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3323-3341. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Akopyan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University NY USA
| | - Anna Tigano
- Department of Biology UBC Okanagan Campus British Columbia Canada
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Cornell University NY USA
| | - Arne Jacobs
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow UK
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Cornell University NY USA
| | - Aryn P. Wilder
- Conservation Science Wildlife Health San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance CA USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Cornell University NY USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Connecticut CT USA
| | - Nina O. Therkildsen
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Cornell University NY USA
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24
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Pettie N, Llopart A, Comeron JM. Meiotic, genomic and evolutionary properties of crossover distribution in Drosophila yakuba. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010087. [PMID: 35320272 PMCID: PMC8979470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and location of crossovers across genomes are highly regulated during meiosis, yet the key components controlling them are fast evolving, hindering our understanding of the mechanistic causes and evolutionary consequences of changes in crossover rates. Drosophila melanogaster has been a model species to study meiosis for more than a century, with an available high-resolution crossover map that is, nonetheless, missing for closely related species, thus preventing evolutionary context. Here, we applied a novel and highly efficient approach to generate whole-genome high-resolution crossover maps in D. yakuba to tackle multiple questions that benefit from being addressed collectively within an appropriate phylogenetic framework, in our case the D. melanogaster species subgroup. The genotyping of more than 1,600 individual meiotic events allowed us to identify several key distinct properties relative to D. melanogaster. We show that D. yakuba, in addition to higher crossover rates than D. melanogaster, has a stronger centromere effect and crossover assurance than any Drosophila species analyzed to date. We also report the presence of an active crossover-associated meiotic drive mechanism for the X chromosome that results in the preferential inclusion in oocytes of chromatids with crossovers. Our evolutionary and genomic analyses suggest that the genome-wide landscape of crossover rates in D. yakuba has been fairly stable and captures a significant signal of the ancestral crossover landscape for the whole D. melanogaster subgroup, even informative for the D. melanogaster lineage. Contemporary crossover rates in D. melanogaster, on the other hand, do not recapitulate ancestral crossovers landscapes. As a result, the temporal stability of crossover landscapes observed in D. yakuba makes this species an ideal system for applying population genetic models of selection and linkage, given that these models assume temporal constancy in linkage effects. Our studies emphasize the importance of generating multiple high-resolution crossover rate maps within a coherent phylogenetic context to broaden our understanding of crossover control during meiosis and to improve studies on the evolutionary consequences of variable crossover rates across genomes and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikale Pettie
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ana Llopart
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Josep M. Comeron
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Versoza CJ, Rivera JA, Rosenblum EB, Vital-García C, Hews DK, Pfeifer SP. The recombination landscapes of spiny lizards (genus Sceloporus). G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6433156. [PMID: 34878100 PMCID: PMC9210290 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite playing a critical role in evolutionary processes and outcomes, relatively little is known about rates of recombination in the vast majority of species, including squamate reptiles—the second largest order of extant vertebrates, many species of which serve as important model organisms in evolutionary and ecological studies. This paucity of data has resulted in limited resolution on questions related to the causes and consequences of rate variation between species and populations, the determinants of within-genome rate variation, as well as the general tempo of recombination rate evolution on this branch of the tree of life. In order to address these questions, it is thus necessary to begin broadening our phylogenetic sampling. We here provide the first fine-scale recombination maps for two species of spiny lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii and Sceloporus megalepidurus, which diverged at least 12 Mya. As might be expected from similarities in karyotype, population-scaled recombination landscapes are largely conserved on the broad-scale. At the same time, considerable variation exists at the fine-scale, highlighting the importance of incorporating species-specific recombination maps in future population genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril J Versoza
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Julio A Rivera
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Erica Bree Rosenblum
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cuauhcihuatl Vital-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Programa de Maestría en Ciencia Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez México, Chihuahua 32315, Mexico
| | - Diana K Hews
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
| | - Susanne P Pfeifer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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26
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Dukić M, Bomblies K. Male and female recombination landscapes of diploid Arabidopsis arenosa. Genetics 2022; 220:6499271. [PMID: 35100396 PMCID: PMC8893250 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The number and placement of meiotic crossover events during meiosis have important implications for the fidelity of chromosome segregation as well as patterns of inheritance. Despite the functional importance of recombination, recombination landscapes vary widely among and within species, and this can have a strong impact on evolutionary processes. A good knowledge of recombination landscapes is important for model systems in evolutionary and ecological genetics, since it can improve interpretation of genomic patterns of differentiation and genome evolution, and provides an important starting point for understanding the causes and consequences of recombination rate variation. Arabidopsis arenosa is a powerful evolutionary genetic model for studying the molecular basis of adaptation and recombination rate evolution. Here, we generate genetic maps for 2 diploid A. arenosa individuals from distinct genetic lineages where we have prior knowledge that meiotic genes show evidence of selection. We complement the genetic maps with cytological approaches to map and quantify recombination rates, and test the idea that these populations might have distinct patterns of recombination. We explore how recombination differs at the level of populations, individuals, sexes and genomic regions. We show that the positioning of crossovers along a chromosome correlates with their number, presumably a consequence of crossover interference, and discuss how this effect can cause differences in recombination landscape among sexes or species. We identify several instances of female segregation distortion. We found that averaged genome-wide recombination rate is lower and sex differences subtler in A. arenosa than in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Dukić
- Department of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Bomblies
- Department of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
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27
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Chan AW, Villwock SS, Williams AL, Jannink JL. Sexual dimorphism and the effect of wild introgressions on recombination in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding germplasm. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab372. [PMID: 34791172 PMCID: PMC8728042 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recombination has essential functions in meiosis, evolution, and breeding. The frequency and distribution of crossovers dictate the generation of new allele combinations and can vary across species and between sexes. Here, we examine recombination landscapes across the 18 chromosomes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with respect to male and female meioses and known introgressions from the wild relative Manihot glaziovii. We used SHAPEIT2 and duoHMM to infer crossovers from genotyping-by-sequencing data and a validated multigenerational pedigree from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture cassava breeding germplasm consisting of 7020 informative meioses. We then constructed new genetic maps and compared them to an existing map previously constructed by the International Cassava Genetic Map Consortium. We observed higher recombination rates in females compared to males, and lower recombination rates in M. glaziovii introgression segments on chromosomes 1 and 4, with suppressed recombination along the entire length of the chromosome in the case of the chromosome 4 introgression. Finally, we discuss hypothesized mechanisms underlying our observations of heterochiasmy and crossover suppression and discuss the broader implications for plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel W Chan
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seren S Villwock
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amy L Williams
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Jannink
- RW Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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28
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Belmonte-Tebar A, San Martin Perez E, Nam Cha S, Soler Valls AJ, Singh ND, de la Casa-Esperon E. Diet effects on mouse meiotic recombination: a warning for recombination studies. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab190. [PMID: 34791205 PMCID: PMC8733447 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a critical process for sexually reproducing organisms. This exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is important not only because it generates genetic diversity, but also because it is often required for proper chromosome segregation. Consequently, the frequency and distribution of crossovers are tightly controlled to ensure fertility and offspring viability. However, in many systems, it has been shown that environmental factors can alter the frequency of crossover events. Two studies in flies and yeast point to nutritional status affecting the frequency of crossing over. However, this question remains unexplored in mammals. Here, we test how crossover frequency varies in response to diet in Mus musculus males. We use immunohistochemistry to estimate crossover frequency in multiple genotypes under two diet treatments. Our results indicate that while crossover frequency was unaffected by diet in some strains, other strains were sensitive even to small composition changes between two common laboratory chows. Therefore, recombination is both resistant and sensitive to certain dietary changes in a strain-dependent manner and, hence, this response is genetically determined. Our study is the first to report a nutrition effect on genome-wide levels of recombination. Moreover, our work highlights the importance of controlling diet in recombination studies and may point to diet as a potential source of variability among studies, which is relevant for reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Belmonte-Tebar
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (C.R.I.B.), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Estefania San Martin Perez
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (C.R.I.B.), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Syonghyun Nam Cha
- Pathology Department and Biobank of Albacete, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, Albacete 02006, Spain
| | | | - Nadia D Singh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Elena de la Casa-Esperon
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (C.R.I.B.), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02008, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02071, Spain
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29
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Waiker P, de Abreu FCP, Luna-Lucena D, Freitas FCP, Simões ZLP, Rueppell O. Recombination mapping of the Brazilian stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia confirms high recombination rates in social hymenoptera. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:673. [PMID: 34536998 PMCID: PMC8449902 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meiotic recombination is a fundamental genetic process that shuffles allele combinations and promotes accurate segregation of chromosomes. Analyses of the ubiquitous variation of recombination rates within and across species suggest that recombination is evolving adaptively. All studied insects with advanced eusociality have shown exceptionally high recombination rates, which may represent a prominent case of adaptive evolution of recombination. However, our understanding of the relationship between social evolution and recombination rates is incomplete, partly due to lacking empirical data. Here, we present a linkage map of the monandrous, advanced eusocial Brazilian stingless bee, Frieseomelitta varia, providing the first recombination analysis in the diverse Meliponini (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Results Our linkage map includes 1417 markers in 19 linkage groups. This map spans approximately 2580 centimorgans, and comparisons to the physical genome assembly indicate that it covers more than 75 % of the 275 Megabasepairs (Mbp) F. varia genome. Thus, our study results in a genome-wide recombination rate estimate of 9.3–12.5 centimorgan per Mbp. This value is higher than estimates from nonsocial insects and comparable to other highly social species, although it does not support our prediction that monandry and strong queen-worker caste divergence of F. varia lead to even higher recombination rates than other advanced eusocial species. Conclusions Our study expands the association between elevated recombination and sociality in the order Hymenoptera and strengthens the support for the hypothesis that advanced social evolution in hymenopteran insects invariably selects for high genomic recombination rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07987-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Waiker
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 321 McIver St, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Fabiano Carlos Pinto de Abreu
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Danielle Luna-Lucena
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina Paula Freitas
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Zilá Luz Paulino Simões
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Olav Rueppell
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 321 McIver St, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, Canada
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30
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Peterson AL, Payseur BA. Higher Intercellular Variation in Genome-Wide Recombination Rate in Female Mice. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:463-469. [PMID: 34510033 DOI: 10.1159/000516998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination affects fertility, shuffles genomes, and modulates the effectiveness of natural selection. Despite conservation of the recombination pathway, the rate of recombination varies among individuals and along chromosomes. Recombination rate also differs among cells from the same organism, but this form of variation has received less attention. To identify patterns that characterize intercellular variation in the genome-wide recombination rate, we counted foci of the MLH1 recombination-associated protein in oocytes and spermatocytes from a panel of wild-derived inbred strains of house mice. Females show higher intercellular variation in MLH1 focus count than males from the same inbred strains. This pattern is consistent across strains from multiple subspecies, including 2 strains in which the average MLH1 focus count is higher in males. The sex difference in genome-wide recombination rate we report suggests that selection targeting recombination rate will be more efficient in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Peterson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,
| | - Bret A Payseur
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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31
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Neupane S, Xu S. Adaptive Divergence of Meiotic Recombination Rate in Ecological Speciation. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:1869-1881. [PMID: 32857858 PMCID: PMC7594247 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories predict that directional selection during adaptation to a novel habitat results in elevated meiotic recombination rate. Yet the lack of population-level recombination rate data leaves this hypothesis untested in natural populations. Here, we examine the population-level recombination rate variation in two incipient ecological species, the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex (an ephemeral-pond species) and Daphnia pulicaria (a permanent-lake species). The divergence of D. pulicaria from D. pulex involved habitat shifts from pond to lake habitats as well as strong local adaptation due to directional selection. Using a novel single-sperm genotyping approach, we estimated the male-specific recombination rate of two linkage groups in multiple populations of each species in common garden experiments and identified a significantly elevated recombination rate in D. pulicaria. Most importantly, population genetic analyses show that the divergence in recombination rate between these two species is most likely due to divergent selection in distinct ecological habitats rather than neutral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sen Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington
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32
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Geng X, Xia Y, Chen H, Du K, Yang J, Kang X. High-Frequency Homologous Recombination Occurred Preferentially in Populus. Front Genet 2021; 12:703077. [PMID: 34490036 PMCID: PMC8417060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR), the most significant event in meiosis, has important implications for genetic diversity and evolution in organisms. Heteroduplex DNA (hDNA), the product of HR, can be captured by artificially induced chromosome doubling during the development of the embryo sac to inhibit postmeiotic segregation, subsequently, and hDNAs are directly detected using codominant simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In the present study, two hybrid triploid populations derived from doubling the chromosomes of the embryo sac induced by high temperature in Populus tomentosa served as starting materials. Eighty-seven, 62, and 79 SSR markers on chromosomes 01, 04, and 19, respectively, that were heterozygous in the maternal parent and different from the paternal parent were screened to detect and characterize the hDNA in P. tomentosa. The results showed that the hDNA frequency patterns on chromosomes changed slightly when the number of SSR primers increased. The highest hDNA frequency occurred at the adjacent terminal on chromosomes, which was slightly higher than those at the terminals in the two genotypic individuals, and the hDNA frequency gradually decreased as the locus-centromere distance decreased. With the increase in the number of SSR markers employed for detection, the number of recombination events (REs) detected significantly increased. In regions with high methylation or long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon enrichment, the frequency of hDNA was low, and high frequencies were observed in regions with low sequence complexity and high gene density. High-frequency recombination occurring at high gene density regions strongly affected the association between molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which was an important factor contributing to the difficulty encountered by MAS in achieving the expected breeding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Geng
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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33
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Aggarwal DD, Rybnikov S, Sapielkin S, Rashkovetsky E, Frenkel Z, Singh M, Michalak P, Korol AB. Seasonal changes in recombination characteristics in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:278-287. [PMID: 34163036 PMCID: PMC8405755 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental seasonality is a potent evolutionary force, capable of maintaining polymorphism, promoting phenotypic plasticity and causing bet-hedging. In Drosophila, environmental seasonality has been reported to affect life-history traits, tolerance to abiotic stressors and immunity. Oscillations in frequencies of alleles underlying fitness-related traits were also documented alongside SNPs across the genome. Here, we test for seasonal changes in two recombination characteristics, crossover rate and crossover interference, in a natural D. melanogaster population from India using morphological markers of the three major chromosomes. We show that winter flies, collected after the dry season, have significantly higher desiccation tolerance than their autumn counterparts. This difference proved to hold also for hybrids with three independent marker stocks, suggesting its genetic rather than plastic nature. Significant between-season changes are documented for crossover rate (in 9 of 13 studied intervals) and crossover interference (in four of eight studied pairs of intervals); both single and double crossovers were usually more frequent in the winter cohort. The winter flies also display weaker plasticity of both recombination characteristics to desiccation. We ascribe the observed differences to indirect selection on recombination caused by directional selection on desiccation tolerance. Our findings suggest that changes in recombination characteristics can arise even after a short period of seasonal adaptation (~8-10 generations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dau Dayal Aggarwal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sviatoslav Rybnikov
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Shaul Sapielkin
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Zeev Frenkel
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Manvender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, UIET, MD University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, LA, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Abraham B Korol
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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34
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Roy SW. On the utility of oddities: exceptional bee reproduction illuminates fundamental questions of recombination. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211478. [PMID: 34404256 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance, the selective and mechanistic forces governing recombination remain obscure. A recent study of facultatively asexual honeybees suggests a clear case of adaptive adjustment of recombination rate. That these bees' atypical genetics were central to the experiment underscores the utility of genetic oddities as model organisms for studying fundamental questions.
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35
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Peterson AL, Payseur BA. Sex-specific variation in the genome-wide recombination rate. Genetics 2021; 217:1-11. [PMID: 33683358 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In most species that reproduce sexually, successful gametogenesis requires recombination during meiosis. The number and placement of crossovers (COs) vary among individuals, with females and males often presenting the most striking contrasts. Despite the recognition that the sexes recombine at different rates (heterochiasmy), existing data fail to answer the question of whether patterns of genetic variation in recombination rate are similar in the two sexes. To fill this gap, we measured the genome-wide recombination rate in both sexes from a panel of wild-derived inbred strains from multiple subspecies of house mice (Mus musculus) and from a few additional species of Mus. To directly compare recombination rates in females and males from the same genetic backgrounds, we applied established methods based on immunolocalization of recombination proteins to inbred strains. Our results reveal discordant patterns of genetic variation in the two sexes. Whereas male genome-wide recombination rates vary substantially among strains, female recombination rates measured in the same strains are more static. The direction of heterochiasmy varies within two subspecies, Mus musculus molossinus and Mus musculus musculus. The direction of sex differences in the length of the synaptonemal complex and CO positions is consistent across strains and does not track sex differences in genome-wide recombination rate. In males, contrasts between strains with high recombination rate and strains with low recombination rate suggest more recombination is associated with stronger CO interference and more double-strand breaks. The sex-specific patterns of genetic variation we report underscore the importance of incorporating sex differences into recombination research.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Peterson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bret A Payseur
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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36
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Waples RS, Waples RK, Ward EJ. Pseudoreplication in genomics-scale datasets. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:503-518. [PMID: 34351073 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In genomics-scale datasets, loci are closely packed within chromosomes and hence provide correlated information. Averaging across loci as if they were independent creates pseudoreplication, which reduces the effective degrees of freedom (df') compared to the nominal degrees of freedom, df. This issue has been known for some time, but consequences have not been systematically quantified across the entire genome. Here we measured pseudoreplication (quantified by the ratio df'/df) for a common metric of genetic differentiation (FST ) and a common measure of linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci (r2 ). Based on data simulated using models (SLiM and msprime) that allow efficient forward-in-time and coalescent simulations while precisely controlling population pedigrees, we estimated df' and df'/df by measuring the rate of decline in the variance of mean FST and mean r2 as more loci were used. For both indices, df' increases with Ne and genome size, as expected. However, even for large Ne and large genomes, df' for mean r2 plateaus after a few thousand loci, and a variance components analysis indicates that the limiting factor is uncertainty associated with sampling individuals rather than genes. Pseudoreplication is less extreme for FST , but df'/df ≤0.01 can occur in datasets using tens of thousands of loci. Commonly-used block-jackknife methods consistently overestimated var(FST ), producing very conservative confidence intervals. Predicting df' based on our modeling results as a function of Ne , L, S, and genome size provides a robust way to quantify precision associated with genomics-scale datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Waples
- NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Ryan K Waples
- Department of Biology, Section for Computational and RNA Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J Ward
- NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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37
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Wang X, Morton JA, Pellicer J, Leitch IJ, Leitch AR. Genome downsizing after polyploidy: mechanisms, rates and selection pressures. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1003-1015. [PMID: 34077584 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of over 10 000 plant genome sizes (GSs) indicates that most species have smaller genomes than expected given the incidence of polyploidy in their ancestries, suggesting selection for genome downsizing. However, comparing ancestral GS with the incidence of ancestral polyploidy suggests that the rate of DNA loss following polyploidy is likely to have been very low (4-70 Mb/million years, 4-482 bp/generation). This poses a problem. How might such small DNA losses be visible to selection, overcome the power of genetic drift and drive genome downsizing? Here we explore that problem, focussing on the role that double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways (non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination) may have played. We also explore two hypotheses that could explain how selection might favour genome downsizing following polyploidy: to reduce (i) nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) costs associated with nucleic acid synthesis in the nucleus and the transcriptome and (ii) the impact of scaling effects of GS on cell size, which influences CO2 uptake and water loss. We explore the hypothesis that losses of DNA must be fastest in early polyploid generations. Alternatively, if DNA loss is a more continuous process over evolutionary time, then we propose it is a byproduct of selection elsewhere, such as limiting the damaging activity of repetitive DNA. If so, then the impact of GS on photosynthesis, water use efficiency and/or nutrient costs at the nucleus level may be emergent properties, which have advantages, but not ones that could have been selected for over generational timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joseph A Morton
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jaume Pellicer
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia sn, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | | | - Andrew R Leitch
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Abstract
Sex, as well as meiotic recombination between homologous chromosomes, is nearly ubiquitous among eukaryotes. In those species that use it, recombination is important for chromosome segregation during gamete production, and thus for fertility. Strikingly, although in most species only one crossover event per chromosome is required to ensure proper segregation, recombination rates vary considerably above this minimum and show variation within and among species. However, whether this variation in recombination is adaptive or neutral and what might shape it remain unclear. Empirical studies and theory support the idea that recombination is generally beneficial but can also have costs. Here, we review variation in genome-wide recombination rates, explore what might cause this, and discuss what is known about its mechanistic basis. We end by discussing the environmental sensitivity of meiosis and recombination rates, how these features may relate to adaptation, and their implications for a broader understanding of recombination rate evolution. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 55 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - Kirsten Bomblies
- Plant Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
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39
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Extreme Y chromosome polymorphism corresponds to five male reproductive morphs of a freshwater fish. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:939-948. [PMID: 33958755 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Loss of recombination between sex chromosomes often depletes Y chromosomes of functional content and genetic variation, which might limit their potential to generate adaptive diversity. Males of the freshwater fish Poecilia parae occur as one of five discrete morphs, all of which shoal together in natural populations where morph frequency has been stable for over 50 years. Each morph uses a different complex reproductive strategy and morphs differ dramatically in colour, body size and mating behaviour. Morph phenotype is passed perfectly from father to son, indicating there are five Y haplotypes segregating in the species, which encode the complex male morph characteristics. Here, we examine Y diversity in natural populations of P. parae. Using linked-read sequencing on multiple P. parae females and males of all five morphs, we find that the genetic architecture of the male morphs evolved on the Y chromosome after recombination suppression had occurred with the X. Comparing Y chromosomes between each of the morphs, we show that, although the Ys of the three minor morphs that differ in colour are highly similar, there are substantial amounts of unique genetic material and divergence between the Ys of the three major morphs that differ in reproductive strategy, body size and mating behaviour. Altogether, our results suggest that the Y chromosome is able to overcome the constraints of recombination loss to generate extreme diversity, resulting in five discrete Y chromosomes that control complex reproductive strategies.
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40
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A simple expression for the strength of selection on recombination generated by interference among mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022805118. [PMID: 33941695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022805118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely cited hypotheses to explain the evolutionary maintenance of genetic recombination states that the reshuffling of genotypes at meiosis increases the efficiency of natural selection by reducing interference among selected loci. However, and despite several decades of theoretical work, a quantitative estimation of the possible selective advantage of a mutant allele increasing chromosomal map length (the average number of cross-overs at meiosis) remains difficult. This article derives a simple expression for the strength of selection acting on a modifier gene affecting the genetic map length of a whole chromosome or genome undergoing recurrent mutation. In particular, it shows that indirect selection for recombination caused by interference among mutations is proportional to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the effective population size, U is the deleterious mutation rate per chromosome, and R is the chromosome map length. Indirect selection is relatively insensitive to the fitness effects of deleterious alleles, epistasis, or the genetic architecture of recombination rate variation and may compensate for substantial costs associated with recombination when linkage is tight. However, its effect generally stays weak in large, highly recombining populations.
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41
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Gossypium tomentosum genome and interspecific ultra-dense genetic maps reveal genomic structures, recombination landscape and flowering depression in cotton. Genomics 2021; 113:1999-2009. [PMID: 33915244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high-quality reference-grade genome for Gossupium tomentosum can greatly promote the progress in biological research and introgression breeding for the mainly cultivated species, G. hirsutum. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly for G. tomentosum by integrating PacBio and Hi-C technologies. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a large number of genetic variations. Two re-sequencing-based ultra-dense genetic maps were constructed which comprised 4,047,199 and 6,009,681 SNPs, 4120 and 4599 bins and covering 4126.36 cM and 4966.72 cM in the EMF2 (F2 from G. hirsutum × G. tomentosum) and GHF2 (F2 from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense). The EMF2 exhibited lower recombination rate at the whole-genome level as compared with GHF2. We mapped 22 and 33 QTL associated with crossover frequency and predicted Gh_MRE11 and Gh_FIGL1 as the candidate genes governing crossover in the EMF2 and GHF2, respectively. We identified 13 significant QTL that regulate the floral transition, and revealed that Gh_AGL18 was associated with the floral transition. Therefore, our study provides a valuable genomic resource to support a better understanding of cotton interspecific cross and recombination landscape for genetic improvement and breeding in cotton.
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42
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Cornetti L, Fields PD, Ebert D. Genomic characterization of selfing in the cyclic parthenogen Daphnia magna. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:792-802. [PMID: 33704857 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding refers to the fusion of related individuals' gametes, with self-fertilization (selfing) being an extreme form of inbreeding-involving gametes produced by the same individual. Selfing is expected to reduce heterozygosity by an average of 50% in one generation; however, little is known about the empirical variation on a genome level surrounding this figure and the factors that affect variation. We selfed genotypes of the cyclic parthenogen Daphnia magna and analysed whole genomes of mothers and selfed offspring, observing the predicted 50% heterozygosity reduction on average. We also saw substantial variation around this value and significant differences among mother-offspring pairs. Crossover analysis confirmed the known trend of recombination occurring more often towards the telomeres. This effect was shown, through simulations, to increase the variance of heterozygosity reduction compared to when a uniform distribution of crossovers was used. Similarly, we simulated inbred line production after several generations of selfing and we observed higher variance in achieved homozygosity when we consider a higher recombination rate towards the telomeres. Our empirical and simulation study highlights that the expected mean values of heterozygosity reduction show remarkable variation, which can help understand, for example, differences among inbred individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cornetti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Fields
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Evolution: Small populations, low recombination, big trouble? Curr Biol 2021; 31:R282-R284. [PMID: 33756137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small populations harbour less genetic diversity and more harmful mutations. They thus adapt more slowly. A new study supports these notions and suggests that reduced recombination exacerbates these effects, highlighting the impact of genome architecture on adaptability.
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44
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Multiple mechanisms drive genomic adaptation to extreme O 2 levels in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2021; 12:997. [PMID: 33579965 PMCID: PMC7881140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect the genomic mechanisms underlying evolutionary dynamics of adaptation in sexually reproducing organisms, we analyze multigenerational whole genome sequences of Drosophila melanogaster adapting to extreme O2 conditions over an experiment conducted for nearly two decades. We develop methods to analyze time-series genomics data and predict adaptive mechanisms. Here, we report a remarkable level of synchronicity in both hard and soft selective sweeps in replicate populations as well as the arrival of favorable de novo mutations that constitute a few asynchronized sweeps. We additionally make direct experimental observations of rare recombination events that combine multiple alleles on to a single, better-adapted haplotype. Based on the analyses of the genes in genomic intervals, we provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of genome adaptation that allow complex organisms to survive harsh environments. The genomic details of adaptation to extreme environments remain challenging to characterize. Using new methods to analyze flies experimentally evolved to survive extreme O2 conditions, the authors find a surprising level of synchronicity in selective sweeps, de novo mutations and adaptive recombination events.
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45
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Wei KHC, Mantha A, Bachtrog D. The Theory and Applications of Measuring Broad-Range and Chromosome-Wide Recombination Rate from Allele Frequency Decay around a Selected Locus. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:3654-3671. [PMID: 32658965 PMCID: PMC7743735 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes via physical crossovers. High-throughput sequencing approaches detect crossovers genome wide to produce recombination rate maps but are difficult to scale as they require large numbers of recombinants individually sequenced. We present a simple and scalable pooled-sequencing approach to experimentally infer near chromosome-wide recombination rates by taking advantage of non-Mendelian allele frequency generated from a fitness differential at a locus under selection. As more crossovers decouple the selected locus from distal loci, the distorted allele frequency attenuates distally toward Mendelian and can be used to estimate the genetic distance. Here, we use marker selection to generate distorted allele frequency and theoretically derive the mathematical relationships between allele frequency attenuation, genetic distance, and recombination rate in marker-selected pools. We implemented nonlinear curve-fitting methods that robustly estimate the allele frequency decay from batch sequencing of pooled individuals and derive chromosome-wide genetic distance and recombination rates. Empirically, we show that marker-selected pools closely recapitulate genetic distances inferred from scoring recombinants. Using this method, we generated novel recombination rate maps of three wild-derived strains of Drosophila melanogaster, which strongly correlate with previous measurements. Moreover, we show that this approach can be extended to estimate chromosome-wide crossover interference with reciprocal marker selection and discuss how it can be applied in the absence of visible markers. Altogether, we find that our method is a simple and cost-effective approach to generate chromosome-wide recombination rate maps requiring only one or two libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H-C Wei
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Aditya Mantha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Doris Bachtrog
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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46
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Winbush A, Singh ND. Genomics of Recombination Rate Variation in Temperature-Evolved Drosophila melanogaster Populations. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 13:6008691. [PMID: 33247719 PMCID: PMC7851596 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a critical process that ensures proper segregation of chromosome homologs through DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms. Rates of recombination are highly variable among various taxa, within species, and within genomes with far-reaching evolutionary and genomic consequences. The genetic basis of recombination rate variation is therefore crucial in the study of evolutionary biology but remains poorly understood. In this study, we took advantage of a set of experimental temperature-evolved populations of Drosophila melanogaster with heritable differences in recombination rates depending on the temperature regime in which they evolved. We performed whole-genome sequencing and identified several chromosomal regions that appear to be divergent depending on temperature regime. In addition, we identify a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and associated genes with significant differences in allele frequency when the different temperature populations are compared. Further refinement of these gene candidates emphasizing those expressed in the ovary and associated with DNA binding reveals numerous potential candidate genes such as Hr38, EcR, and mamo responsible for observed differences in recombination rates in these experimental evolution lines thus providing insight into the genetic basis of recombination rate variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Winbush
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Nadia D Singh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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47
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Heterochiasmy and Sexual Dimorphism: The Case of the Barn Swallow ( Hirundo rustica, Hirundinidae, Aves). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101119. [PMID: 32987748 PMCID: PMC7650650 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochiasmy, a sex-based difference in recombination rate, has been detected in many species of animals and plants. Several hypotheses about evolutionary causes of heterochiasmy were proposed. However, there is a shortage of empirical data. In this paper, we compared recombination related traits in females and males of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica (Linnaeus, 1758), the species under strong sexual selection, with those in the pale martin Riparia diluta (Sharpe and Wyatt, 1893), a related and ecologically similar species with the same karyotype (2N = 78), but without obvious sexual dimorphism. Recombination traits were examined in pachytene chromosome spreads prepared from spermatocytes and oocytes. Synaptonemal complexes and mature recombination nodules were visualized with antibodies to SYCP3 and MLH1 proteins, correspondingly. Recombination rate was significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in barn swallow females (55.6 ± 6.3 recombination nodules per autosomal genome), caused by the higher number of nodules at the macrochromosomes, than in males (49.0 ± 4.5). They also showed more even distribution of recombination nodules along the macrochromosomes. At the same time, in the pale martin, sexual differences in recombination rate and distributions were rather small. We speculate that an elevated recombination rate in the female barn swallows might have evolved as a compensatory reaction to runaway sexual selection in males.
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48
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Abstract
Accurately inferring the genome-wide landscape of recombination rates in natural populations is a central aim in genomics, as patterns of linkage influence everything from genetic mapping to understanding evolutionary history. Here, we describe recombination landscape estimation using recurrent neural networks (ReLERNN), a deep learning method for estimating a genome-wide recombination map that is accurate even with small numbers of pooled or individually sequenced genomes. Rather than use summaries of linkage disequilibrium as its input, ReLERNN takes columns from a genotype alignment, which are then modeled as a sequence across the genome using a recurrent neural network. We demonstrate that ReLERNN improves accuracy and reduces bias relative to existing methods and maintains high accuracy in the face of demographic model misspecification, missing genotype calls, and genome inaccessibility. We apply ReLERNN to natural populations of African Drosophila melanogaster and show that genome-wide recombination landscapes, although largely correlated among populations, exhibit important population-specific differences. Lastly, we connect the inferred patterns of recombination with the frequencies of major inversions segregating in natural Drosophila populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Adrion
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Jared G Galloway
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Andrew D Kern
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
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49
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Levels of Heterochiasmy During Arabidopsis Development as Reported by Fluorescent Tagged Lines. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:2103-2110. [PMID: 32321838 PMCID: PMC7263686 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Crossing over, the exchange of DNA between the chromosomes during meiosis, contributes significantly to genetic variation. The rate of crossovers (CO) varies depending upon the taxon, population, age, external conditions, and also, sometimes, between the sexes, a phenomenon called heterochiasmy. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the male rate of all crossover events (mCO) is typically nearly double the female rate (fCO). A previous, PCR-based genotyping study has reported that the disparity decreases with increasing parental age, because fCO rises while mCO remains stable. We revisited this topic using a fluorescent tagged lines approach to examine how heterochiasmy responded to parental age in eight genomic intervals distributed across the organism’s five chromosomes. We determined recombination frequency for, on average, more than 2000 seeds, for each interval, for each of four age groups, to estimate sex-specific CO rates. mCO did not change with age, as reported previously, but, here, fCO did not rise, and thus the levels of heterochiasmy were unchanged. We can see no methodological reason to doubt that our results reflect the underlying biology of the accessions we studied. The lack of response to age could perhaps be due to previously reported variation in CO rate among accessions of Arabidopsis.
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50
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From molecules to populations: appreciating and estimating recombination rate variation. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:476-492. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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