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Peng C, Jiang X, Jaeger M, van Houten P, van Herwaarden AE, Koeken VACM, Moorlag SJCFM, Mourits VP, Lemmers H, Dijkstra H, Koenen HJPM, Joosten I, van Cranenbroek B, Li Y, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Netea-Maier RT, Xu CJ. 11-deoxycortisol positively correlates with T cell immune traits in physiological conditions. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104935. [PMID: 38134621 PMCID: PMC10776925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous steroid hormones have significant effects on inflammatory and immune processes, but the immunological activities of steroidogenesis precursors remain largely unexplored. METHODS We conducted a systematic approach to examine the association between steroid hormones profile and immune traits in a cohort of 534 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of steroid hormones and their precursors (cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 11-deoxycortisol and 17-OH progesterone) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Immune traits were evaluated by quantifying cellular composition of the circulating immune system and ex vivo cytokine responses elicited by major human pathogens and microbial ligands. An independent cohort of 321 individuals was used for validation, followed by in vitro validation experiments. FINDINGS We observed a positive association between 11-deoxycortisol and lymphoid cellular subsets numbers and function (especially IL-17 response). The association with lymphoid cellularity was validated in an independent validation cohort. In vitro experiments showed that, as compared to androstenedione and 17-OH progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol promoted T cell proliferation and Candida-induced Th17 polarization at physiologically relevant concentrations. Functionally, 11-deoxycortisol-treated T cells displayed a more activated phenotype (PD-L1high CD25high CD62Llow CD127low) in response to CD3/CD28 co-stimulation, and downregulated expression of T-bet nuclear transcription factor. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a positive association between 11-deoxycortisol and T-cell function under physiological conditions. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential mechanisms and clinical implications. FUNDING Found in acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xun Jiang
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Houten
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Science, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Luo X, Frouard J, Zhang G, Neidleman J, Xie G, Sheedy E, Roan NR, Greene WC. Subsets of Tissue CD4 T Cells Display Different Susceptibilities to HIV Infection and Death: Analysis by CyTOF and Single Cell RNA-seq. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883420. [PMID: 35784348 PMCID: PMC9245423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T lymphocytes belong to diverse cellular subsets whose sensitivity or resistance to HIV-associated killing remains to be defined. Working with lymphoid cells from human tonsils, we characterized the HIV-associated depletion of various CD4 T cell subsets using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq. CD4 T cell subsets preferentially killed by HIV are phenotypically distinct from those resistant to HIV-associated cell death, in a manner not fully accounted for by their susceptibility to productive infection. Preferentially-killed subsets express CXCR5 and CXCR4 while preferentially-infected subsets exhibit an activated and exhausted effector memory cell phenotype. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that the subsets of preferentially-killed cells express genes favoring abortive infection and pyroptosis. These studies emphasize a complex interplay between HIV and distinct tissue-based CD4 T cell subsets, and the important contribution of abortive infection and inflammatory programmed cell death to the overall depletion of CD4 T cells that accompanies untreated HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Julie Frouard
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gang Zhang
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason Neidleman
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Guorui Xie
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emma Sheedy
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Warner C. Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Warner C. Greene,
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3
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Abrahams MR, Joseph SB, Garrett N, Tyers L, Moeser M, Archin N, Council OD, Matten D, Zhou S, Doolabh D, Anthony C, Goonetilleke N, Karim SA, Margolis DM, Pond SK, Williamson C, Swanstrom R. The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/513/eaaw5589. [PMID: 31597754 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1 replication, the virus persists as a latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells during therapy. This reservoir forms even when ART is initiated early after infection, but the dynamics of its formation are largely unknown. The viral reservoirs of individuals who initiate ART during chronic infection are generally larger and genetically more diverse than those of individuals who initiate therapy during acute infection, consistent with the hypothesis that the reservoir is formed continuously throughout untreated infection. To determine when viruses enter the latent reservoir, we compared sequences of replication-competent viruses from resting peripheral CD4+ T cells from nine HIV-positive women on therapy to viral sequences circulating in blood collected longitudinally before therapy. We found that, on average, 71% of the unique viruses induced from the post-therapy latent reservoir were most genetically similar to viruses replicating just before ART initiation. This proportion is far greater than would be expected if the reservoir formed continuously and was always long lived. We conclude that ART alters the host environment in a way that allows the formation or stabilization of most of the long-lived latent HIV-1 reservoir, which points to new strategies targeted at limiting the formation of the reservoir around the time of therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Sarah B Joseph
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Lynn Tyers
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Matthew Moeser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nancie Archin
- UNC HIV Cure Center and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Olivia D Council
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Matten
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Shuntai Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deelan Doolabh
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Colin Anthony
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,UNC HIV Cure Center and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,UNC HIV Cure Center and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sergei Kosakovsky Pond
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Services of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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4
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IL7RA genetic variants differentially affect IL-7Rα expression and alternative splicing: a role in autoimmune and infectious diseases? Genes Immun 2020; 21:83-90. [PMID: 31929513 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to immunopathologies like autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The current hypothesis about underlying mechanisms is based on the regulation of IL-7 availability for self-reactive T cells by influencing the generation of a soluble (s)IL-7Rα variant. This assumption was mainly predicated on the well-defined IL7RA SNP rs6897932, which affects alternative splicing and causes aberrant generation of the sIL-7Rα variant with potential effects on the IL-7 serum reservoir. However, more recent studies shed light on novel functions of autoimmunity risk-associated IL7RA SNPs and characterized the largely neglected effect of rs6897932 on membrane (m)IL-7Rα expression. These findings as well as a described role of impaired mIL-7Rα expression and IL7RA SNP influence on chronic infectious diseases necessitates the reevaluation of previous findings on the role of IL7RA SNPs in immunopathology.
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5
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Goonetilleke N, Clutton G, Swanstrom R, Joseph SB. Blocking Formation of the Stable HIV Reservoir: A New Perspective for HIV-1 Cure. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1966. [PMID: 31507594 PMCID: PMC6714000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that the stable HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells is mostly formed from viruses circulating when combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is initiated. Here we explore the immunological basis for these observations. Untreated HIV-1 infection is characterized by a progressive depletion of memory CD4+ T cells which mostly express CD127, the α chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Depletion results from both direct infection and bystander loss of memory CD4+ T cells in part attributed to dysregulated IL-7/IL-7R signaling. While IL-7/IL7R signaling is not essential for the generation of effector CD4+ T cells from naïve cells, it is essential for the further transition of effectors to memory CD4+ T cells and their subsequent homeostatic maintenance. HIV-1 infection therefore limits the transition of CD4+ T cells from an effector to long-lived memory state. With the onset of ART, virus load (VL) levels rapidly decrease and the frequency of CD127+ CD4+ memory T cells increases, indicating restoration of effector to memory transition in CD4+ T cells. Collectively these data suggest that following ART initiation, HIV-1 infected effector CD4+ T cells transition to long-lived, CD127+ CD4+ T cells forming the majority of the stable HIV-1 reservoir. We propose that combining ART initiation with inhibition of IL-7/IL-7R signaling to block CD4+ T cell memory formation will limit the generation of long-lived HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and reduce the overall size of the stable HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC HIV-1 Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Genevieve Clutton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC HIV-1 Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ron Swanstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah B. Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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6
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Nguyen QP, Deng TZ, Witherden DA, Goldrath AW. Origins of CD4 + circulating and tissue-resident memory T-cells. Immunology 2019; 157:3-12. [PMID: 30897205 PMCID: PMC6459775 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, naive CD4+ T-cells proliferate and differentiate into several possible effector subsets, including conventional T helper effector cells (TH 1, TH 2, TH 17), T regulatory cells (Treg ) and T follicular helper cells (TFH ). Once infection is cleared, a small population of long-lived memory cells remains that mediate immune defenses against reinfection. Memory T lymphocytes have classically been categorized into central memory cell (TCM ) and effector memory cell (TEM ) subsets, both of which circulate between blood, secondary lymphoid organs and in some cases non-lymphoid tissues. A third subset of memory cells, referred to as tissue-resident memory cells (TRM ), resides in tissues without recirculation, serving as 'first line' of defense at barrier sites, such as skin, lung and intestinal mucosa, and augmenting innate immunity in the earliest phases of reinfection and recruiting circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. The presence of multiple CD4+ T helper subsets has complicated studies of CD4+ memory T-cell differentiation, and the mediators required to support their function. In this review, we summarize recent investigations into the origins of CD4+ memory T-cell populations and discuss studies addressing CD4+ TRM differentiation in barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh P. Nguyen
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Tianda Z. Deng
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Ananda W. Goldrath
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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7
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Roider J, Ngoepe A, Muenchhoff M, Adland E, Groll A, Ndung'u T, Kløverpris H, Goulder P, Leslie A. Increased Regulatory T-Cell Activity and Enhanced T-Cell Homeostatic Signaling in Slow Progressing HIV-infected Children. Front Immunol 2019; 10:213. [PMID: 30809229 PMCID: PMC6379343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric slow progressors (PSP) are rare ART-naïve, HIV-infected children who maintain high CD4 T-cell counts and low immune activation despite persistently high viral loads. Using a well-defined cohort of PSP, we investigated the role of regulatory T-cells (TREG) and of IL-7 homeostatic signaling in maintaining normal-for-age CD4 counts in these individuals. Compared to children with progressive disease, PSP had greater absolute numbers of TREG, skewed toward functionally suppressive phenotypes. As with immune activation, overall T-cell proliferation was lower in PSP, but was uniquely higher in central memory TREG (CM TREG), indicating active engagement of this subset. Furthermore, PSP secreted higher levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 than children who progressed. The frequency of suppressive TREG, CM TREG proliferation, and IL-10 production were all lower in PSP who go on to progress at a later time-point, supporting the importance of an active TREG response in preventing disease progression. In addition, we find that IL-7 homeostatic signaling is enhanced in PSP, both through preserved surface IL-7receptor (CD127) expression on central memory T-cells and increased plasma levels of soluble IL-7receptor, which enhances the bioactivity of IL-7. Combined analysis, using a LASSO modeling approach, indicates that both TREG activity and homeostatic T-cell signaling make independent contributions to the preservation of CD4 T-cells in HIV-infected children. Together, these data demonstrate that maintenance of normal-for-age CD4 counts in PSP is an active process, which requires both suppression of immune activation through functional TREG, and enhanced T-cell homeostatic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Roider
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medizinische Klinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abigail Ngoepe
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Department of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emily Adland
- Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Groll
- Faculty of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Salwe S, Singh A, Padwal V, Velhal S, Nagar V, Patil P, Deshpande A, Patel V. Immune signatures for HIV-1 and HIV-2 induced CD4 +T cell dysregulation in an Indian cohort. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:135. [PMID: 30744575 PMCID: PMC6371624 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-2 infection is characterised by a longer asymptomatic phase and slower AIDS progression than HIV-1 infection. Identifying unique immune signatures associated with HIV-2 pathogenesis may thus provide therapeutically useful insight into the management of HIV infection. This study examined the dynamics of the CD4+T cell compartment, critical in disease progression, focussing on chronic HIV-2 and HIV-1 infected individuals at various stages of disease progression. Methods A total of 111 participants including untreated and treated HIV infected individuals and seronegative individuals were enrolled in this study. The relative proportion of CD4+T cell subsets, expressing CD25 (IL-2Rα) and CD127 (IL-7R), in HIV infected individuals and seronegative controls were assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry. Additionally, levels of immune activation and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in both the CD4+T and CD8+T cell compartments was evaluated. Results Both treated and untreated, HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals showed apparent dysregulation in CD4+ T cell subset frequency that was associated with disease progression. Furthermore, longitudinal sampling from a group of HIV-1 infected individuals on virologically effective ART showed no significant change in dysregulated CD4+T cell subset frequency. For both ART naïve and receiving groups associations with disease progression were strongest and significant with CD4+ T cell subset frequency compared to per cell expression of IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα. In untreated HIV-2 infected individuals, T cell activation was lower compared to ART naïve HIV-1 infected individuals and higher than seronegative individuals. Also, the level of Granzyme-B expressing circulating T cells was higher in both ART-naïve HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals compared to seronegative controls. Conclusion Dysregulation of IL-2 and IL-7 homeostasis persists in CD4+T cell subsets irrespective of presence or absence of viremia or antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection. Furthermore, we report for the first time on levels of circulating Granzyme-B expressing CD4+T and CD8+T cells in chronic HIV-2 infection. Lower immune activation in these individuals indicates that persistent immune activation driven CD4+T cell depletion, as observed in untreated HIV-1 infected individuals, may not be as severe and provides evidence for a disparate pathogenesis mechanism. Our work also supports novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3743-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukeshani Salwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Amitkumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Varsha Padwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Shilpa Velhal
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Vidya Nagar
- Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College & Sir J. J. group of Hospitals, Mumbai, 400008, India
| | - Priya Patil
- Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College & Sir J. J. group of Hospitals, Mumbai, 400008, India
| | - Alaka Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College & Sir J. J. group of Hospitals, Mumbai, 400008, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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9
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Gordon CL, Lee LN, Swadling L, Hutchings C, Zinser M, Highton AJ, Capone S, Folgori A, Barnes E, Klenerman P. Induction and Maintenance of CX3CR1-Intermediate Peripheral Memory CD8 + T Cells by Persistent Viruses and Vaccines. Cell Rep 2018; 23:768-782. [PMID: 29669283 PMCID: PMC5917822 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction and maintenance of T cell memory is critical to the success of vaccines. A recently described subset of memory CD8+ T cells defined by intermediate expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 was shown to have self-renewal, proliferative, and tissue-surveillance properties relevant to vaccine-induced memory. We tracked these cells when memory is sustained at high levels: memory inflation induced by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus-vectored vaccines. In mice, both CMV and vaccine-induced inflationary T cells showed sustained high levels of CX3R1int cells exhibiting an effector-memory phenotype, characteristic of inflationary pools, in early memory. In humans, CX3CR1int CD8+ T cells were strongly induced following adenovirus-vectored vaccination for hepatitis C virus (HCV) (ChAd3-NSmut) and during natural CMV infection and were associated with a memory phenotype similar to that in mice. These data indicate that CX3CR1int cells form an important component of the memory pool in response to persistent viruses and vaccines in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louse Gordon
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK
| | - Claire Hutchings
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK
| | - Madeleine Zinser
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK
| | - Andrew John Highton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK
| | - Stefania Capone
- Reithera SRL (formerly Okairos SRL), Viale Città d'Europa 679, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Folgori
- Reithera SRL (formerly Okairos SRL), Viale Città d'Europa 679, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3SY, UK.
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10
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Torrealba MP, Manfrere KC, Miyashiro DR, Lima JF, de M Oliveira L, Pereira NZ, Cury-Martins J, Pereira J, Duarte AJS, Sato MN, Sanches JA. Chronic activation profile of circulating CD8+ T cells in Sézary syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3497-3506. [PMID: 29423061 PMCID: PMC5790478 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), and the neoplastic CD4+ T cells of SS patients undergo intense clonal proliferation. Although Sézary cells have been studied extensively, studies on adaptive immunity regarding CD8+T cells are scarce. This study aimed to investigate activation marker expression in CD8+ T cells according to the differentiation stages and IL-7/IL7Rα axis responses of patients with SS. Moreover, this study aimed to verify the soluble forms of CD38, sCD127 and IL-7 in serum. Although the SS patients of our cohort had reduced numbers of CD8+ T cells, they exhibited higher percentages of CD8+CD38+ T cells, mainly effector/memory CD8+ T cells, than the control group. In contrast, down-regulated expression of the activation markers CD127/IL-7R and CD26 was found in the CD8+ T cells of SS patients. High serum levels of sCD38 and sCD127 and scarce serum levels of IL-7 were detected, emphasizing the immune activation status of SS patients. Moreover, CD8+ T cells from SS patients exhibited IL-7 unresponsiveness to STAT5 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression, and IL-7 priming partially restored IFNγ production. Our findings showed a chronic activation profile of CD8+ T cells, as an attenuated cytotoxic profile and impaired IL-7 responsiveness was observed, suggesting chronic activation status of CD8+ T cells in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Passos Torrealba
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-56), Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Manfrere
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-56), Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis R Miyashiro
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Clinic, Hospital das Clinicas, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josenilson F Lima
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-56), Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de M Oliveira
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-56), Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nátalli Z Pereira
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-56), Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jade Cury-Martins
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Clinic, Hospital das Clinicas, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Hematology Department, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto J S Duarte
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-56), Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria N Sato
- Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM-56), Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Sanches
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Clinic, Hospital das Clinicas, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Aberrant plasma IL-7 and soluble IL-7 receptor levels indicate impaired T-cell response to IL-7 in human tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006425. [PMID: 28582466 PMCID: PMC5472333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell proliferation and generation of protective memory during chronic infections depend on Interleukin-7 (IL-7) availability and receptivity. Regulation of IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) expression and signalling are key for IL-7-modulated T-cell functions. Aberrant expression of soluble (s) and membrane-associated (m) IL-7R molecules is associated with development of autoimmunity and immune failure in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Here we investigated the role of IL-7/IL-7R on T-cell immunity in human tuberculosis. We performed two independent case-control studies comparing tuberculosis patients and healthy contacts. This was combined with follow-up examinations for a subgroup of tuberculosis patients under therapy and recovery. Blood plasma and T cells were characterised for IL-7/sIL-7R and mIL-7R expression, respectively. IL-7-dependent T-cell functions were determined by analysing STAT5 phosphorylation, antigen-specific cytokine release and by analysing markers of T-cell exhaustion and inflammation. Tuberculosis patients had lower soluble IL-7R (p < 0.001) and higher IL-7 (p < 0.001) plasma concentrations as compared to healthy contacts. Both markers were largely independent and aberrant expression normalised during therapy and recovery. Furthermore, tuberculosis patients had lower levels of mIL-7R in T cells caused by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Functional in vitro tests indicated diminished IL-7-induced STAT5 phosphorylation and impaired IL-7-promoted cytokine release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells from tuberculosis patients. Finally, we determined T-cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and SOCS3 and detected increased SOCS3 expression during therapy. Only moderate correlation of PD-1 and SOCS3 with IL-7 expression was observed. We conclude that diminished soluble IL-7R and increased IL-7 plasma concentrations, as well as decreased membrane-associated IL-7R expression in T cells, reflect impaired T-cell sensitivity to IL-7 in tuberculosis patients. These findings show similarities to pathognomonic features of impaired T-cell functions and immune failure described in AIDS patients. IL-7 is important for the development and homeostasis of T cells and promotes antigen-specific T-cell responses. Aberrant expression of plasma IL-7 and soluble IL-7R are found in autoimmune diseases and chronic viral infections. In AIDS patients—especially those who fail to reconstitute T-cell numbers during therapy—impaired IL-7-promoted T-cell functions indicated T-cell exhaustion/senescence. In order to evaluate the potential impact of IL-7 on tuberculosis, we characterised various parameters involved in the IL-7-response of tuberculosis patients and healthy contacts. Despite IL-7 being available at higher plasma levels among tuberculosis patients, the T-cell response to IL-7 was impaired when compared to healthy contacts. Soluble IL-7R levels were aberrantly low in plasma during acute tuberculosis but did not account for impaired IL-7 usage. Chronic inflammation in tuberculosis patients—reflected by increased IL-6 plasma levels—did not account for dysfunctional T-cell responses and analysed T-cell exhaustion markers were only moderately correlated. Our findings demonstrate that availability of IL-7 alone is not sufficient to promote protective T-cell immunity against tuberculosis. We describe aberrant IL-7/soluble IL-7R expression and impaired IL-7-mediated T-cell functions in tuberculosis patients with similarities and differences to described IL-7 dysregulation seen in patients with AIDS.
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12
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An altered endometrial CD8 tissue resident memory T cell population in recurrent miscarriage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41335. [PMID: 28112260 PMCID: PMC5256279 DOI: 10.1038/srep41335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When trying to conceive 1% of couples have recurrent miscarriages, defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. This is not accounted for by the known incidence of chromosomal aneuploidy in miscarriage, and it has been suggested that there is an immunological aetiology. The endometrial mucosa is populated by a variety of immune cells which in addition to providing host pathogen immunity must facilitate pregnancy. Here we characterise the endometrial CD8-T cell population during the embryonic window of implantation and find that the majority of cells are tissue resident memory T cells with high levels of CD69 and CD103 expression, proteins that prevent cells egress. We demonstrate that unexplained recurrent miscarriage is associated with significantly decreased expression of the T-cell co-receptor CD8 and tissue residency marker CD69. These cells differ from those found in control women, with less expression of CD127 indicating a lack of homeostatic cell control through IL-7 signalling. Nevertheless this population is resident in the endometrium of women who have RM, more than three months after the last miscarriage, indicating that the memory CD8-T cell population is altered in RM patients. This is the first evidence of a differing pre-pregnancy phenotype in endometrial immune cells in RM.
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13
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Tanaskovic S, Fernandez S, Saraswati H, Yunihastuti E, Gani RA, Djauzi S, Price P. Naive and Memory CD4⁺ T Cells Are Differentially Affected in Indonesian HIV Patients Responding to ART. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:176-83. [PMID: 27035638 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While most HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced immunodeficiency recover CD4(+) T cell numbers, the profiles and functions of the newly acquired CD4(+) T cells have not been monitored in a resource-limiting setting. In this study, HIV patients (n = 31) from Jakarta, Indonesia, were studied 9 months after commencing ART with nadir CD4(+) T cell counts <200 cells/μL. All patients were hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositive, but asymptomatic. Twelve healthy age-matched controls from the same community were included. CD4(+) T cell subsets, immune activation (HLA-DR), and expression of the interleukin (IL)-7 receptor α chain (CD127) were quantitated by flow cytometry. Proliferation (expression of Ki67) was measured following in vitro stimulation (5 days) with anti-CD3 antibody or IL-7. Fifty-two percent of patients recovered CD4(+) T cell counts >200 cells/μL over 12 months. At 9 months, patients had fewer naive and CD31(+)-naive CD4(+) T cells, more effector memory (EM) CD4(+) T cells, and higher HLA-DR expression on CD4(+) T cells than controls. CD127 expression was low on all CD4(+) T cell subsets except for naive cells, where it was similar to controls. Similarly, after anti-CD3 antibody or IL-7 stimulation, patients had lower Ki67 expression than controls in all subsets, except naive CD4(+) T cells where it was normal or elevated. Overall in the first year of ART, patients had fewer naive and more EM CD4(+) T cells. Ongoing immune activation and, antigen-driven stimulation and differentiation of naive T cells may reduce the naive T cell pool, while driving the maturation and accumulation of memory cells with proliferative defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tanaskovic
- 1 School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia
| | - Sonia Fernandez
- 1 School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia
| | - Henny Saraswati
- 2 Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Centre for Health Service, University of Indonesia , Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Evy Yunihastuti
- 3 School of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rino A Gani
- 3 School of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samsuridjal Djauzi
- 3 School of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Patricia Price
- 3 School of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta, Indonesia .,4 School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University of Technology , Perth, Australia
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14
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Inflammation Perturbs the IL-7 Axis, Promoting Senescence and Exhaustion that Broadly Characterize Immune Failure in Treated HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 71:483-92. [PMID: 26627102 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected patients who fail to normalize CD4 T cells despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy have impaired immune homeostasis: diminished naive T-cell numbers, elevated T-cell turnover, senescence, and inflammation. METHODS Blood samples from immune failures (n = 60), immune successes (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 20) were examined for plasma interleukin (IL)-7 levels, for cellular expression of the IL-7Rα chain (CD127), for the exhaustion and senescence markers programed death 1 (PD-1) and CD57, and for the survival factor Bcl2. Because both inflammatory and homeostatic cytokines can induce T-cell cycling, we also examined the effects of these mediators on exhaustion and senescence markers. RESULTS Plasma levels of IL-7 were elevated and both CD4 and CD8 T-cell CD127 expression was decreased in immune failure. Plasma levels of IL-7 correlated directly with naive CD4 T-cell counts in immune success and inversely with T-cell cycling (Ki67) in healthy controls and immune success, but not in immune failure. CD4 T-cell density of PD-1 was increased and Bcl2+ CD4 T cells were decreased in immune failure but not in immune success, whereas the proportion of T cells expressing CD57 was increased in immune failure. PD-1 and CD57 were induced on CD4 but not CD8 T cells by stimulation in vitro with inflammatory IL-1β or homeostatic (IL-7) cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Perturbation of the IL-7/IL-7 receptor axis, increased T-cell turnover, and increased senescence may reflect dysregulated responses to both homeostatic and inflammatory cytokines in immune failure patients.
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15
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Ma Y, Yuan B, Zhuang R, Zhang Y, Liu B, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Yu H, Yi J, Yang A, Jin B. Hantaan virus infection induces both Th1 and ThGranzyme B+ cell immune responses that associated with viral control and clinical outcome in humans. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004788. [PMID: 25836633 PMCID: PMC4383613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses infection causing severe emerging diseases with high mortality rates in humans has become public health concern globally. The potential roles of CD4(+)T cells in viral control have been extensively studied. However, the contribution of CD4(+)T cells to the host response against Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection remains unclear. Here, based on the T-cell epitopes mapped on HTNV glycoprotein, we studied the effects and characteristics of CD4(+)T-cell responses in determining the outcome of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A total of 79 novel 15-mer T-cell epitopes on the HTNV glycoprotein were identified, among which 20 peptides were dominant target epitopes. Importantly, we showed the presence of both effective Th1 responses with polyfunctional cytokine secretion and ThGranzyme B(+) cell responses with cytotoxic mediators production against HTNV infection. The HTNV glycoprotein-specific CD4(+)T-cell responses inversely correlated with the plasma HTNV RNA load in patients. Individuals with milder disease outcomes showed broader epitopes targeted and stronger CD4(+)T-cell responses against HTNV glycoproteins compared with more severe patients. The CD4(+)T cells characterized by broader antigenic repertoire, stronger polyfunctional responses, better expansion capacity and highly differentiated effector memory phenotype(CD27-CD28-CCR7-CD45RA-CD127(hi)) would elicit greater defense against HTNV infection and lead to much milder outcome of the disease. The host defense mediated by CD4(+)T cells may through the inducing antiviral condition of the host cells and cytotoxic effect of ThGranzyme B+ cells. Thus, these findings highlight the efforts of CD4(+)T-cell immunity to HTNV control and provide crucial information to better understand the immune defense against HTNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Angang Yang
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Thome JJC, Yudanin N, Ohmura Y, Kubota M, Grinshpun B, Sathaliyawala T, Kato T, Lerner H, Shen Y, Farber DL. Spatial map of human T cell compartmentalization and maintenance over decades of life. Cell 2015; 159:814-28. [PMID: 25417158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms for human memory T cell differentiation and maintenance have largely been inferred from studies of peripheral blood, though the majority of T cells are found in lymphoid and mucosal sites. We present here a multidimensional, quantitative analysis of human T cell compartmentalization and maintenance over six decades of life in blood, lymphoid, and mucosal tissues obtained from 56 individual organ donors. Our results reveal that the distribution and tissue residence of naive, central, and effector memory, and terminal effector subsets is contingent on both their differentiation state and tissue localization. Moreover, T cell homeostasis driven by cytokine or TCR-mediated signals is different in CD4+ or CD8+ T cell lineages, varies with their differentiation stage and tissue localization, and cannot be inferred from blood. Our data provide an unprecedented spatial and temporal map of human T cell compartmentalization and maintenance, supporting distinct pathways for human T cell fate determination and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J C Thome
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Naomi Yudanin
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Ohmura
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Boris Grinshpun
- Department of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, and the JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Taheri Sathaliyawala
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tomoaki Kato
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Harvey Lerner
- The New York Organ Donor Network (NYODN), New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, and the JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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17
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Shankar EM, Velu V, Kamarulzaman A, Larsson M. Mechanistic insights on immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-tuberculosis co-infection. World J Virol 2015; 4:17-24. [PMID: 25674514 PMCID: PMC4308524 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is marked by accelerated degradation of host immune responses leading to the onset of opportunistic infections, where senescent T cells show remarkably higher ontogenic defects as compared to healthy T cells. The mechanistic association between T-cell immunosenescence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, and functional T-cell responses in HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection remains to be elaborately discussed. Here, we discussed the association of immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-TB co-infection and reviewed the role played by mediators of immune deterioration in HIV-TB co-infection necessitating the importance of designing therapeutic strategies against HIV disease progression and pathogenesis.
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18
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Interleukin-7 signalling defects in naive CD4+ T cells of HIV patients with CD4+ T-cell deficiency on antiretroviral therapy are associated with T-cell activation and senescence. AIDS 2014; 28:821-30. [PMID: 24499954 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of defects in interleukin (IL)-7-induced naive CD4 T-cell homeostasis with residual immune activation and CD4 T-cell senescence in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) who exhibit persistent CD4 T-cell deficiency. DESIGN IL-7 induced proliferation of, and IL-7 receptor signalling in, total and naive CD4 T cells of HIV patients who had low (<350 cells/μl) or normal (>500 cells/μl) CD4 T-cell counts on ART was examined and related to markers of CD4 T-cell activation and senescence and innate immune activation. METHODS Total, naive (CD45RA CD27) and CD31 naive CD4 T cells from aviremic HIV patients (n=39) with nadir CD4 T-cell counts less than 100 cells/μl, who had received ART for a median time of 7 (range 1-11) years, were assessed for CD127 expression, proliferation (Ki67), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) and CD127 modulation following IL-7 stimulation. Changes were related to proportions of CD4 T cells expressing HLA-DR or CD57 and plasma levels of sCD14, CXCL9 and CXCL10. RESULTS Patients with CD4 T-cell deficiency exhibited lower expression of CD127 on total, naive and CD31 naive CD4 T cells. Downregulation of CD127 after culture with IL-7 correlated inversely with CD4 T-cell counts and directly with Ki67 expression. Induction of pSTAT5 in CD4 T-cell subsets was greater in patients with normal CD4 T-cell counts. CD127 expression correlated inversely with proportions of CD4CD57 T cells, and pSTAT5 induction correlated inversely with CD4 T-cell expression of HLA-DR and CD57. CONCLUSION Defects of IL-7 signalling in HIV patients with persistent CD4 T-cell deficiency receiving ART are associated with CD4 T-cell activation and senescence.
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Shive CL, Mudd JC, Funderburg NT, Sieg SF, Kyi B, Bazdar DA, Mangioni D, Gori A, Jacobson JM, Brooks AD, Hardacre J, Ammori J, Estes JD, Schacker TW, Rodriguez B, Lederman MM. Inflammatory cytokines drive CD4+ T-cell cycling and impaired responsiveness to interleukin 7: implications for immune failure in HIV disease. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:619-29. [PMID: 24585897 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation has been linked to a failure to normalize CD4(+) T-cell numbers in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) are predictors of disease progression in treated HIV infection, it is not clear how or whether inflammatory mediators contribute to immune restoration failure. METHODS We examined the in vitro effects of IL-6 and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) on peripheral blood T-cell cycling and CD127 surface expression. RESULTS The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β induces cell cycling and turnover of memory CD4(+) T cells, and IL-6 can induce low-level cycling of naive T cells. Both IL-1β and IL-6 can decrease T-cell surface expression and RNA levels of CD127, the interleukin 7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα). Preexposure of healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to IL-6 or IL-1β attenuates IL-7-induced Stat5 phosphorylation and induction of the prosurvival factor Bcl-2 and the gut homing integrin α4β7. We found elevated expression of IL-1β in the lymphoid tissues of patients with HIV infection that did not normalize with antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS Induction of CD4(+) T-cell turnover and diminished T-cell responsiveness to IL-7 by IL-1β and IL-6 exposure may contribute to the lack of CD4(+) T-cell reconstitution in treated HIV-infected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey L Shive
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Joseph C Mudd
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Benjamin Kyi
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Doug A Bazdar
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Davide Mangioni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Jeffrey M Jacobson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
| | - Ari D Brooks
- Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - John Ammori
- University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, SAIC-Frederick, Maryland
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Serana F, Chiarini M, Quiros-Roldan E, Gotti D, Zanotti C, Sottini A, Bertoli D, Caimi L, Imberti L. Modulation of Regulatory T-Cell Subsets in Very Long-Term Treated Aviremic HIV(+) Patients and Untreated Viremic Patients. Open AIDS J 2014; 8:1-6. [PMID: 24627733 PMCID: PMC3952203 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601408010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve, central- and effector-like memory regulatory T cells (Tregs) were evaluated in untreated and long-term antiretroviral-treated HIV+ patients that showed comparable CD4+ cell levels, while being, respectively, viremic and aviremic. In the untreated patients, the percentage of naïve-like Tregs was significantly increased to the detriment of central memory regulatory T cells. This redistribution of regulatory Treg subsets may contribute to explain the partially preserved CD4+ cell counts seen in these patients despite the ongoing viremia. On the contrary, in the long-term treated patients, the percentages of Treg subsets were similar to those of healthy donors, demonstrating a restored Treg homeostasis. The characterization of Treg subsets, rather than an evaluation of the total Treg population, may lead to a deeper understanding of the Treg role in HIV infection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Serana
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Diagnostics Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Diagnostics Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daria Gotti
- Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Zanotti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Diagnostics Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Diagnostics Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Bertoli
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Diagnostics Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Caimi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Diagnostics Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Diagnostics Department, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Decreased CD127 expression on CD4+ T-cells and elevated frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127- T-cells in children with long-lasting type 1 diabetes. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:459210. [PMID: 24348676 PMCID: PMC3856128 DOI: 10.1155/2013/459210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathobiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is predominantly associated with T-cell-related actions. Homeostasis of majority of T-cells is critically dependent on signals mediated by CD127 (interleukin-7 receptor, IL-7R). In contrast, regulatory T-cells express very little CD127 and thereby may be delineated by CD4+CD25+CD127− phenotype. Here we aimed to analyze CD127 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and enumerate CD4+CD25+CD127− T-cells in long-lasting T1D. T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunologic data were correlated with vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters. We demonstrated significantly decreased CD127 levels on CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells in T1D pediatric patients. Interestingly, frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127− T-cells were significantly enhanced in T1D children and correlated well with frequencies of CD34+CD144+ endothelial progenitor cells and CD4+CD25− T-cells. Levels of CD127 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in T1D patients were not correlated to each other or HbA1C. Interestingly, however, CD127 levels on CD4+ T-cells were significantly correlated to frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127− T-cells, whereas CD127 levels on CD8+ T-cells were significantly correlated to concentrations of VEGF and triglycerides. Our data indicate that CD127 expression is differentially modulated on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the course of T1D. Moreover, we demonstrated that, in contrast to recent-onset T1D, long-lasting T1D is associated with enhancement of T-cells with regulatory phenotype.
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Immune activation in HIV-infected aging women on antiretrovirals--implications for age-associated comorbidities: a cross-sectional pilot study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63804. [PMID: 23724003 PMCID: PMC3665816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent immune activation and microbial translocation associated with HIV infection likely place HIV-infected aging women at high risk of developing chronic age-related diseases. We investigated immune activation and microbial translocation in HIV-infected aging women in the post-menopausal ages. Methods Twenty-seven post-menopausal women with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral treatment with documented viral suppression and 15 HIV-negative age-matched controls were enrolled. Levels of immune activation markers (T cell immune phenotype, sCD25, sCD14, sCD163), microbial translocation (LPS) and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and impaired cognitive function (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and CXCL10) were evaluated. Results T cell activation and exhaustion, monocyte/macrophage activation, and microbial translocation were significantly higher in HIV-infected women when compared to uninfected controls. Microbial translocation correlated with T cell and monocyte/macrophage activation. Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and impaired cognition were elevated in women with HIV infection and correlated with immune activation. Conclusions HIV-infected antiretroviral-treated aging women who achieved viral suppression are in a generalized status of immune activation and therefore are at an increased risk of age-associated end-organ diseases compared to uninfected age-matched controls.
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Moniuszko M, Kowal K, Jeznach M, Rusak M, Dabrowska M, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A. Phenotypic correlations between monocytes and CD4+ T cells in allergic patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:131-41. [PMID: 23343753 DOI: 10.1159/000343687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite widely acknowledged contributions of innate and adaptive immune systems to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, mutual interactions occurring in vivo between components of those two systems have not been studied in sufficient detail. Here, we wished to investigate whether phenotypic features of monocytes and CD4+ T cells in allergic patients are reciprocally related. Therefore, we recruited 50 untreated house dust mite-sensitive allergic rhinitis patients and 29 non-atopic healthy individuals and performed comprehensive simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of mutual correlations between levels of CD14, CD16, CD163, CD206, CD124 (IL-4R), CD210 (IL-10R) and CD25, CD124, CD127 (IL-7R), CD210, ICOS expression on monocytes and CD4+ T cells, respectively. We found that CD163 monocyte expression in allergic but not healthy subjects is positively correlated with monocyte IL-10R, and, to a lesser extent, CD206, but not IL-4R expression. Levels of CD163 expression were not related to frequencies of CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, and CD14+CD16++ monocyte subsets. In contrast to healthy controls, intensities of monocyte IL-10R in allergic individuals were significantly correlated with monocyte CD206 and IL-4R expression. In addition, levels of monocyte IL-4R and IL-10R monocyte expression were positively correlated to expression of IL-4R and IL-10R on CD4+ T cells in both groups of studied subjects. Interestingly, we demonstrated a significant positive correlation between levels of monocyte CD206 expression and levels of IL-10R and IL-4R expression on CD4+ T cells in allergic but not healthy individuals. In summary, we conclude that allergic rhinitis is associated with a number of phenotypic alterations of circulating monocytes and CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moniuszko
- Departments of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Shaw JM, Hunt PW, Critchfield JW, McConnell DH, Garcia JC, Pollard RB, Somsouk M, Deeks SG, Shacklett BL. Short communication: HIV+ viremic slow progressors maintain low regulatory T cell numbers in rectal mucosa but exhibit high T cell activation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:172-7. [PMID: 22998457 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viremic slow progressors (VSP) are a rare subset of HIV-infected persons who exhibit slow immunologic progression despite high viremia. The mechanisms associated with this slow progression remain to be defined. Clinical characteristics of VSP are similar to those of natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), such as sooty mangabeys (SM) and African green monkeys (AGM), who maintain near-normal CD4 counts despite high-level viremia but maintain low immune activation. Immune activation is a powerful predictor of disease progression, and we hypothesized that low immune activation might also explain the VSP phenotype. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we assessed levels of T cell activation and regulatory T cells (Treg) in blood and rectal mucosa of VSP, typical progressors, virologic controllers, and seronegative controls. We also assessed Treg function and CD4 T cell proliferative capacity in VSP. Contrary to expectations, we found that VSP subjects have high levels of T cell activation in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The ratio of Treg to CD3+ T cells in the mucosa of VSP was relatively low, potentially contributing to increased immune activation. Nonetheless, CD4+CD25- T cells isolated from these individuals displayed a comparatively weak proliferative response to anti-CD3 stimulation. These data reveal that the VSP phenotype is associated with elevated markers of mucosal immune activation and low numbers of mucosal Treg, suggesting that factors other than immune activation account for this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Shaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - J. William Critchfield
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Delandy H. McConnell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Juan Carlos Garcia
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Richard B. Pollard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Barbara L. Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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The influence of HIV on CD127 expression and its potential implications for IL-7 therapy. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:231-40. [PMID: 22421574 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is critical for early T-cell development and plays an important role in T-cell homeostasis, differentiation and function. Signalling via the IL-7 receptor is dependent on the expression of its components, IL-7Rα (CD127) and IL-2Rγ (CD132) and is mediated in part by alterations in CD127 expression levels in different cell subsets. Naïve and memory T-cells express high levels of CD127, while effector cells are CD127(lo) and retention of the receptor is thought to influence the development of memory cells. Reduced expression of CD127 has been associated with markers of disease severity in HIV infection and other chronic viral infections as well as in various cancers. In HIV infection, decreased CD127 expression on T-cells is correlated with reduced CD4(+) T-cell counts, increased viral replication and immune activation. The loss of IL-7 activity, due to decreased CD127 expression, may contribute to the observed loss of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in HIV infection. The downregulation of CD127 expression in HIV infection may be due to host (e.g. IL-7, IL-4, immune activation) and/or viral (e.g. HIV-tat) factors and mechanisms of receptor regulation may differ by cell type. In addition, the expression of a soluble form of CD127 (sCD127) has been shown to be increased in HIV infection. This protein may affect IL-7 activity in vivo and therefore may have implications for IL-7-based therapies which are currently being tested in clinical trials. Understanding how CD127 is regulated during HIV infection will provide insight for the development of novel therapeutics to improve immune function and anti-viral T-cell activity.
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Shiny C, Krushna NS, Babu S, Elango S, Manokaran G, Narayanan RB. Recombinant Wolbachia heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) mediated immune responses in patients with lymphatic filariasis. Microbes Infect 2011; 13:1221-31. [PMID: 21827871 PMCID: PMC3515687 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia, an endosymbiont present in filarial nematodes, have been implicated in a variety of roles, including the worm development and survival. Elucidation of the role of Wolbachia in filarial nematode biology and pathogenesis has become the focus of many studies and its contribution to parasite survival or immune response is still unclear. Recombinant Wolbachia HSP60 decreases T cell activation and lymphoproliferation in filarial infected people compared to endemic controls as observed by the assessment of T cell activation markers and cytokine responses in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Reduced T cell activation may be linked to T regulatory cell activity since it is associated with increased expression of CTLA4 and CD25 on CD4(+) T cells in filarial infected group upon stimulation with recombinant Wolbachia HSP60. In addition, elevated interleukin-10 and TGF-β cytokines corroborate the reduced CD4(+) T cell activation and interferon-γ observed upon recombinant Wolbachia HSP60 stimulation in filarial patients. Hence, these findings indicate that Wolbachia HSP60 may also contribute to the immune modulation seen in filarial patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subash Babu
- NIH-TRC-ICER SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Chetpet, Chennai, India
| | - S. Elango
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
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Monteiro P, Gosselin A, Wacleche VS, El-Far M, Said EA, Kared H, Grandvaux N, Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Ancuta P. Memory CCR6+CD4+T Cells Are Preferential Targets for Productive HIV Type 1 Infection Regardless of Their Expression of Integrin β7. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4618-30. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3G11 expression in CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity and immune tolerance. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:593-6. [PMID: 21084064 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
3G11 is a sialylated carbohydrate epitope of the disialoganglioside molecule expressed on mouse CD4(+) T cells. Recent research showed that 3G11 expression is related to the modulation of T cell function, i.e., 3G11(-) T cells exhibit anergic/Treg characteristics and efficiently inhibit autoimmunity in the central nervous system. The relationship between 3G11 expression and immune tolerance is summarized in this literature review.
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