1
|
Bastos-Gonçalves R, Coimbra B, Rodrigues AJ. The mesopontine tegmentum in reward and aversion: From cellular heterogeneity to behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105702. [PMID: 38718986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The mesopontine tegmentum, comprising the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT), is intricately connected to various regions of the basal ganglia, motor systems, and limbic systems. The PPN and LDT can regulate the activity of different brain regions of these target systems, and in this way are in a privileged position to modulate motivated behaviours. Despite recent findings, the PPN and LDT have been largely overlooked in discussions about the neural circuits associated with reward and aversion. This review aims to provide a timely and comprehensive resource on past and current research, highlighting the PPN and LDT's connectivity and influence on basal ganglia and limbic, and motor systems. Seminal studies, including lesion, pharmacological, and optogenetic/chemogenetic approaches, demonstrate their critical roles in modulating reward/aversive behaviours. The review emphasizes the need for further investigation into the associated cellular mechanisms, in order to clarify their role in behaviour and contribution for different neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bastos-Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reinshagen A. Grid cells: the missing link in understanding Parkinson's disease? Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1276714. [PMID: 38389787 PMCID: PMC10881698 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1276714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and not fully understood, and the box-and-arrow model among other current models present significant challenges. This paper explores the potential role of the allocentric brain and especially its grid cells in several PD motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, kinesia paradoxa, freezing of gait, the bottleneck phenomenon, and their dependency on cueing. It is argued that central hubs, like the locus coeruleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus, often narrowly interpreted in the context of PD, play an equally important role in governing the allocentric brain as the basal ganglia. Consequently, the motor and secondary motor (e.g., spatially related) symptoms of PD linked with dopamine depletion may be more closely tied to erroneous computation by grid cells than to the basal ganglia alone. Because grid cells and their associated central hubs introduce both spatial and temporal information to the brain influencing velocity perception they may cause bradykinesia or hyperkinesia as well. In summary, PD motor symptoms may primarily be an allocentric disturbance resulting from virtual faulty computation by grid cells revealed by dopamine depletion in PD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Luu P, Tucker DM, Friston K. From active affordance to active inference: vertical integration of cognition in the cerebral cortex through dual subcortical control systems. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad458. [PMID: 38044461 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous papers, we proposed that the dorsal attention system's top-down control is regulated by the dorsal division of the limbic system, providing a feedforward or impulsive form of control generating expectancies during active inference. In contrast, we proposed that the ventral attention system is regulated by the ventral limbic division, regulating feedback constraints and error-correction for active inference within the neocortical hierarchy. Here, we propose that these forms of cognitive control reflect vertical integration of subcortical arousal control systems that evolved for specific forms of behavior control. The feedforward impetus to action is regulated by phasic arousal, mediated by lemnothalamic projections from the reticular activating system of the lower brainstem, and then elaborated by the hippocampus and dorsal limbic division. In contrast, feedback constraint-based on environmental requirements-is regulated by the tonic activation furnished by collothalamic projections from the midbrain arousal control centers, and then sustained and elaborated by the amygdala, basal ganglia, and ventral limbic division. In an evolutionary-developmental analysis, understanding these differing forms of active affordance-for arousal and motor control within the subcortical vertebrate neuraxis-may help explain the evolution of active inference regulating the cognition of expectancy and error-correction within the mammalian 6-layered neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phan Luu
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Riverfront Research Park, 1776 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Don M Tucker
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Riverfront Research Park, 1776 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Karl Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
- VERSES AI Research Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morgenstern NA, Esposito MS. The Basal Ganglia and Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Connectivity Matrix. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1454-1472. [PMID: 37559244 PMCID: PMC11097982 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230809112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although classically considered a relay station for basal ganglia (BG) output, the anatomy, connectivity, and function of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) were redefined during the last two decades. In striking opposition to what was initially thought, MLR and BG are actually reciprocally and intimately interconnected. New viral-based, optogenetic, and mapping technologies revealed that cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurons coexist in this structure, which, in addition to extending descending projections, send long-range ascending fibers to the BG. These MLR projections to the BG convey motor and non-motor information to specific synaptic targets throughout different nuclei. Moreover, MLR efferent fibers originate from precise neuronal subpopulations located in particular MLR subregions, defining independent anatomo-functional subcircuits involved in particular aspects of animal behavior such as fast locomotion, explorative locomotion, posture, forelimb- related movements, speed, reinforcement, among others. In this review, we revised the literature produced during the last decade linking MLR and BG. We conclude that the classic framework considering the MLR as a homogeneous output structure passively receiving input from the BG needs to be revisited. We propose instead that the multiple subcircuits embedded in this region should be taken as independent entities that convey relevant and specific ascending information to the BG and, thus, actively participate in the execution and tuning of behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás A. Morgenstern
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Instituto De Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria S. Esposito
- Department of Medical Physics, Centro Atomico Bariloche, CNEA, CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Wang X, Li H, Shi L, Song N, Xie J. Updates on brain regions and neuronal circuits of movement disorders in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102097. [PMID: 38511877 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a global burden that affects more often in the elderly. The basal ganglia (BG) is believed to account for movement disorders in PD. More recently, new findings in the original regions in BG involved in motor control, as well as the new circuits or new nucleuses previously not specifically considered were explored. In the present review, we provide up-to-date information related to movement disorders and modulations in PD, especially from the perspectives of brain regions and neuronal circuits. Meanwhile, there are updates in deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other factors for the motor improvement in PD. Comprehensive understandings of brain regions and neuronal circuits involved in motor control could benefit the development of novel therapeutical strategies in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Shi
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun Y, Lü J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Chai Y. Suppression of beta oscillations by delayed feedback in a cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus-pedunculopontine nucleus neural loop model. J Biol Phys 2023; 49:463-482. [PMID: 37572243 PMCID: PMC10651615 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-023-09641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive neural synchronization of neural populations in the beta (β) frequency range (12-35 Hz) is intimately related to the symptoms of hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have shown that delayed feedback stimulation strategies can interrupt excessive neural synchronization and effectively alleviate symptoms associated with PD dyskinesia. Work on optimizing delayed feedback algorithms continues to progress, yet it remains challenging to further improve the inhibitory effect with reduced energy expenditure. Therefore, we first established a neural mass model of the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus-pedunculopontine nucleus (CBGTh-PPN) closed-loop system, which can reflect the internal properties of cortical and basal ganglia neurons and their intrinsic connections with thalamic and pedunculopontine nucleus neurons. Second, the inhibitory effects of three delayed feedback schemes based on the external globus pallidum (GPe) on β oscillations were investigated separately and compared with those based on the subthalamic nucleus (STN) only. Our results show that all four delayed feedback schemes achieve effective suppression of pathological β oscillations when using the linear delayed feedback algorithm. The comparison revealed that the three GPe-based delayed feedback stimulation strategies were able to have a greater range of oscillation suppression with reduced energy consumption, thus improving control performance effectively, suggesting that they may be more effective for the relief of Parkinson's motor symptoms in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiali Lü
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yingpeng Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuan Chai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yarreiphang H, Vidyadhara DJ, Nambisan AK, Raju TR, Sagar BKC, Alladi PA. Apoptotic Factors and Mitochondrial Complexes Assist Determination of Strain-Specific Susceptibility of Mice to Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03372-1. [PMID: 37162724 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Identification of genetic mutations in Parkinson's disease (PD) promulgates the genetic nature of disease susceptibility. Resilience-associated genes being unknown till date, the normal genetic makeup of an individual may be determinative too. Our earlier studies comparing the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of C57BL/6J, CD-1 mice, and their F1-crossbreds demonstrated the neuroprotective role of admixing against the neurotoxin MPTP. Furthermore, the differences in levels of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins in the SN of parent strains imply effects on mitochondrial biogenesis. Our present investigations suggest that the baseline levels of apoptotic factors Bcl-2, Bax, and AIF differ across the three strains and are differentially altered in SN following MPTP administration. The reduction in complex-I levels exclusively in MPTP-injected C57BL/6J reiterates mitochondrial involvement in PD pathogenesis. The MPTP-induced increase in complex-IV, in the nigra of both parent strains, may be compensatory in nature. The ultrastructural evaluation showed fairly preserved mitochondria in the dopaminergic neurons of CD-1 and F1-crossbreds. However, in CD-1, the endoplasmic reticulum demonstrated distinct luminal enlargement, bordering onto ballooning, suggesting proteinopathy as a possible initial trigger.The increase in α-synuclein in the pars reticulata of crossbreds suggests a supportive role for this output nucleus in compensating for the lost function of pars compacta. Alternatively, since α-synuclein over-expression occurs in different brain regions in PD, the α-synuclein increase here may suggest a similar pathogenic outcome. Further understanding is required to resolve this biological contraption. Nevertheless, admixing reduces the risk to MPTP by favoring anti-apoptotic consequences. Similar neuroprotection may be envisaged in the admixed populace of Anglo-Indians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haorei Yarreiphang
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
- Present address: Zoology Department, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - D J Vidyadhara
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
- Present address: Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anand Krishnan Nambisan
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Trichur R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - B K Chandrashekar Sagar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The frontal lobe is crucial and contributes to controlling truncal motion, postural responses, and maintaining equilibrium and locomotion. The rich repertoire of frontal gait disorders gives some indication of this complexity. For human walking, it is necessary to simultaneously achieve at least two tasks, such as maintaining a bipedal upright posture and locomotion. Particularly, postural control plays an extremely significant role in enabling the subject to maintain stable gait behaviors to adapt to the environment. To achieve these requirements, the frontal cortex (1) uses cognitive information from the parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices, (2) creates plans and programs of gait behaviors, and (3) acts on the brainstem and spinal cord, where the core posture-gait mechanisms exist. Moreover, the frontal cortex enables one to achieve a variety of gait patterns in response to environmental changes by switching gait patterns from automatic routine to intentionally controlled and learning the new paradigms of gait strategy via networks with the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and limbic structures. This chapter discusses the role of each area of the frontal cortex in behavioral control and attempts to explain how frontal lobe controls walking with special reference to postural control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Takakusaki
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nwogo RO, Kammermeier S, Singh A. Abnormal neural oscillations during gait and dual-task in Parkinson’s disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:995375. [PMID: 36185822 PMCID: PMC9522469 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.995375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait dysfunctions are debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may result in frequent falling with health complications. The contribution of the motor-cognitive network to gait disturbance can be studied more thoroughly by challenging motor-cognitive dual-task gait performances. Gait is a complex motor task that requires an appropriate contribution from motor and cognitive networks, reflected in frequency modulations among several cortical and subcortical networks. Electrophysiological recordings by scalp electroencephalography and implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes have unveiled modulations of specific oscillatory patterns in the cortical-subcortical circuits in PD. In this review, we summarize oscillatory contributions of the cortical, basal ganglia, mesencephalic locomotor, and cerebellar regions during gait and dual-task activities in PD. We detail the involvement of the cognitive network in dual-task settings and compare how abnormal oscillations in the specific frequency bands in the cortical and subcortical regions correlate with gait deficits in PD, particularly freezing of gait (FOG). We suggest that altered neural oscillations in different frequencies can cause derangements in broader brain networks, so neuromodulation and pharmacological therapies should be considered to normalize those network oscillations to improve challenged gait and dual-task motor functions in PD. Specifically, the theta and beta bands in premotor cortical areas, subthalamic nucleus, as well as alpha band activity in the brainstem prepontine nucleus, modulate under clinically effective levodopa and DBS therapies, improving gait and dual-task performance in PD with FOG, compared to PD without FOG and age-matched healthy control groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O. Nwogo
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Arun Singh,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-Gomar MG, Singh K, Cauzzo S, Bianciardi M. In vivo structural connectome of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei by 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4397-4421. [PMID: 35633277 PMCID: PMC9435015 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainstem nuclei are key participants in the generation and maintenance of arousal, which is a basic function that modulates wakefulness/sleep, autonomic responses, affect, attention, and consciousness. Their mechanism is based on diffuse pathways ascending from the brainstem to the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and cortex. Several arousal brainstem nuclei also participate in motor functions that allow humans to respond and interact with the surrounding through a multipathway motor network. Yet, little is known about the structural connectivity of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans. This is due to the lack of appropriate tools able to accurately visualize brainstem nuclei in conventional imaging. Using a recently developed in vivo probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas and 7 Tesla diffusion‐weighted images (DWI), we built the structural connectome of 18 arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans (n = 19). Furthermore, to investigate the translatability of our findings to standard clinical MRI, we acquired 3 Tesla DWI on the same subjects, and measured the association of the connectome across scanners. For both arousal and motor circuits, our results showed high connectivity within brainstem nuclei, and with expected subcortical and cortical structures based on animal studies. The association between 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla connectivity values was good, especially within the brainstem. The resulting structural connectome might be used as a baseline to better understand arousal and motor functions in health and disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe García-Gomar
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Kavita Singh
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Cauzzo
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Polli FS, Kohlmeier KA. Prenatal nicotine alters development of the laterodorsal tegmentum: Possible role for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and drug dependence. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:212-235. [PMID: 35317337 PMCID: PMC8900586 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As we cycle between the states of wakefulness and sleep, a bilateral cholinergic nucleus in the pontine brain stem, the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT), plays a critical role in controlling salience processing, attention, behavioral arousal, and electrophysiological signatures of the sub- and microstates of sleep. Disorders involving abnormal alterations in behavioral and motivated states, such as drug dependence, likely involve dysfunctions in LDT signaling. In addition, as the LDT exhibits connectivity with the thalamus and mesocortical circuits, as well as receives direct, excitatory input from the prefrontal cortex, a role for the LDT in cognitive symptoms characterizing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) including impulsivity, inflexibility, and dysfunctions of attention is suggested. Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) is associated with a higher risk for later life development of drug dependence and ADHD, suggesting alteration in development of brain regions involved in these behaviors. PNE has been shown to alter glutamate and cholinergic signaling within the LDT. As glutamate and acetylcholine are major excitatory mediators, these alterations would likely alter excitatory output to target regions in limbic motivational circuits and to thalamic and cortical networks mediating executive control. Further, PNE alters neuronal development and transmission within prefrontal cortex and limbic areas that send input to the LDT, which would compound effects of differential processing within the PNE LDT. When taken together, alterations in signaling in the LDT are likely to play a role in negative behavioral outcomes seen in PNE individuals, including a heightened risk of drug dependence and ADHD behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip S Polli
- Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Masini D, Kiehn O. Targeted activation of midbrain neurons restores locomotor function in mouse models of parkinsonism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:504. [PMID: 35082287 PMCID: PMC8791953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a locomotor command area containing glutamatergic neurons that control locomotor initiation and maintenance. These motor actions are deficient in Parkinson’s disease (PD), where dopaminergic neurodegeneration alters basal ganglia activity. Being downstream of the basal ganglia, the PPN may be a suitable target for ameliorating parkinsonian motor symptoms. Here, we use in vivo cell-type specific PPN activation to restore motor function in two mouse models of parkinsonism made by acute pharmacological blockage of dopamine transmission. With a combination of chemo- and opto-genetics, we show that excitation of caudal glutamatergic PPN neurons can normalize the otherwise severe locomotor deficit in PD, whereas targeting the local GABAergic population only leads to recovery of slow locomotion. The motor rescue driven by glutamatergic PPN activation is independent of activity in nearby locomotor promoting glutamatergic Cuneiform neurons. Our observations point to caudal glutamatergic PPN neurons as a potential target for neuromodulatory restoration of locomotor function in PD. Here, the authors use cell-type specific stimulation of brainstem neurons within the caudal pedunculopontine nucleus to show that activation of excitatory neurons can normalize severe locomotor deficit in mouse models of parkinsonism. The study defines a potential target for neuromodulatory restoration of locomotor function in Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Kiehn
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luquin E, Paternain B, Zugasti I, Santomá C, Mengual E. Stereological estimations and neurochemical characterization of neurons expressing GABAA and GABAB receptors in the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:89-110. [PMID: 34510281 PMCID: PMC8741722 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To better understand GABAergic transmission at two targets of basal ganglia downstream projections, the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal (LDT) tegmental nuclei, the anatomical localization of GABAA and GABAB receptors was investigated in both nuclei. Specifically, the total number of neurons expressing the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit (GABAAR γ2) and the GABAB receptor R2 subunit (GABAB R2) in PPN and LDT was estimated using stereological methods, and the neurochemical phenotype of cells expressing each subunit was also determined. The mean number of non-cholinergic cells expressing GABAAR γ2 was 9850 ± 1856 in the PPN and 8285 ± 962 in the LDT, whereas those expressing GABAB R2 were 7310 ± 1970 and 9170 ± 1900 in the PPN and LDT, respectively. In addition, all cholinergic neurons in both nuclei co-expressed GABAAR γ2 and 95-98% of them co-expressed GABAB R2. Triple labeling using in situ hybridization revealed that 77% of GAD67 mRNA-positive cells in the PPT and 49% in the LDT expressed GABAAR γ2, while 90% (PPN) and 65% (LDT) of Vglut2 mRNA-positive cells also expressed GABAAR γ2. In contrast, a similar proportion (~2/3) of glutamatergic and GABAergic cells co-expressed GABAB R2 in both nuclei. The heterogeneous distribution of GABAAR and GABABR among non-cholinergic cells in PPN and LDT may give rise to physiological differences within each neurochemical subpopulation. In addition, the dissimilar proportion of GABAAR γ2-expressing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the PPN and LDT may contribute to some of the functional differences found between the two nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Luquin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Paternain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inés Zugasti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Santomá
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Mengual
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
di Biase L, Tinkhauser G, Martin Moraud E, Caminiti ML, Pecoraro PM, Di Lazzaro V. Adaptive, personalized closed-loop therapy for Parkinson's disease: biochemical, neurophysiological, and wearable sensing systems. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:1371-1388. [PMID: 34736368 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.2000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor complication management is one of the main unmet needs in Parkinson's disease patients. AREAS COVERED Among the most promising emerging approaches for handling motor complications in Parkinson's disease, adaptive deep brain stimulation strategies operating in closed-loop have emerged as pivotal to deliver sustained, near-to-physiological inputs to dysfunctional basal ganglia-cortical circuits over time. Existing sensing systems that can provide feedback signals to close the loop include biochemical-, neurophysiological- or wearable-sensors. Biochemical sensing allows to directly monitor the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of antiparkinsonian drugs and metabolites. Neurophysiological sensing relies on neurotechnologies to sense cortical or subcortical brain activity and extract real-time correlates of symptom intensity or symptom control during DBS. A more direct representation of the symptom state, particularly the phenomenological differentiation and quantification of motor symptoms, can be realized via wearable sensor technology. EXPERT OPINION Biochemical, neurophysiologic, and wearable-based biomarkers are promising technological tools that either individually or in combination could guide adaptive therapy for Parkinson's disease motor symptoms in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazzaro di Biase
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Brain Innovations Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerd Tinkhauser
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Martin Moraud
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Chuv) and University of Lausanne (Unil), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.neurorestore), Lausanne University Hospital and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Epfl), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Letizia Caminiti
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maria Pecoraro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
King G, Veros KM, MacLaren DAA, Leigh MPK, Spernyak JA, Clark SD. Human wildtype tau expression in cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons is sufficient to produce PSP-like behavioural deficits and neuropathology. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7688-7709. [PMID: 34668254 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is the most common atypical parkinsonism and exhibits hallmark symptomology including motor function impairment and dysexecutive dementia. In contrast to Parkinson's disease, the underlying pathology displays aggregation of the protein tau, which is also seen in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Currently, there are no pharmacological treatments for PSP, and drug discovery efforts are hindered by the lack of an animal model specific to PSP. Based on previous results and clinical pathology, it was hypothesized that viral deposition of tau in cholinergic neurons within the hindbrain would produce a tauopathy along neural connections to produce PSP-like symptomology and pathology. By using a combination of ChAT-CRE rats and CRE-dependent AAV vectors, wildtype human tau (the PSP-relevant 1N4R isoform; hTau) was expressed in hindbrain cholinergic neurons. Compared to control subjects (GFP), rats with tau expression displayed deficits in a variety of behavioural paradigms: acoustic startle reflex, marble burying, horizontal ladder and hindlimb motor reflex. Postmortem, the hTau rats had significantly reduced number of cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmentum and dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons, as well as abnormal tau deposits. This preclinical model has multiple points of convergence with the clinical features of PSP, some of which distinguish between PSP and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella King
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kaliana M Veros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stewart D Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salari M, Lang AE, Dargahi L, Habibi AH, Etemadifar M. Irreversible extreme freezing of gait after dopamine agonist withdrawal. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04712. [PMID: 34466262 PMCID: PMC8385461 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine agonist withdrawal can cause freezing of gait in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Salari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research CenterShohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic,Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Krembil Brain Institute TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of NeurosurgeryIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McElvain LE, Chen Y, Moore JD, Brigidi GS, Bloodgood BL, Lim BK, Costa RM, Kleinfeld D. Specific populations of basal ganglia output neurons target distinct brain stem areas while collateralizing throughout the diencephalon. Neuron 2021; 109:1721-1738.e4. [PMID: 33823137 PMCID: PMC8169061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Basal ganglia play a central role in regulating behavior, but the organization of their outputs to other brain areas is incompletely understood. We investigate the largest output nucleus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and delineate the organization and physiology of its projection populations in mice. Using genetically targeted viral tracing and whole-brain anatomical analysis, we identify over 40 SNr targets that encompass a roughly 50-fold range of axonal densities. Retrograde tracing from the volumetrically largest targets indicates that the SNr contains segregated subpopulations that differentially project to functionally distinct brain stem regions. These subpopulations are electrophysiologically specialized and topographically organized and collateralize to common diencephalon targets, including the motor and intralaminar thalamus as well as the pedunculopontine nucleus and the midbrain reticular formation. These findings establish that SNr signaling is organized as dense, parallel outputs to specific brain stem targets concurrent with extensive collateral branches that encompass the majority of SNr axonal boutons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. McElvain
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Yuncong Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jeffrey D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - G. Stefano Brigidi
- Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brenda L. Bloodgood
- Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rui M. Costa
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal,Zuckerman Institute and Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York 10027 USA,Correspondence: (DK), (RMC)
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (DK), (RMC)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A Signaled Locomotor Avoidance Action Is Fully Represented in the Neural Activity of the Midbrain Tegmentum. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4262-4275. [PMID: 33789917 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0027-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals, including humans, readily learn to avoid harmful and threatening situations by moving in response to cues that predict the threat (e.g., fire alarm, traffic light). During a negatively reinforced sensory-guided locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance, animals learn to avoid a harmful unconditioned stimulus (US) by moving away when signaled by a harmless conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicts the threat. CaMKII-expressing neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmentum area (PPT) of the midbrain locomotor region have been shown to play a critical role in the expression of this learned behavior, but the activity of these neurons during learned behavior is unknown. Using calcium imaging fiber photometry in freely behaving mice, we show that PPT neurons sharply activate during presentation of the auditory CS that predicts the threat before onset of avoidance movement. PPT neurons activate further during the succeeding CS-driven avoidance movement, or during the faster US-driven escape movement. PPT neuron activation was weak during slow spontaneous movements but correlated sharply with movement speed and, therefore, with the urgency of the behavior. Moreover, using optogenetics, we found that these neurons must discharge during the signaled avoidance interval for naive mice to effectively learn the active avoidance behavior. As an essential hub for signaled active avoidance, neurons in the midbrain tegmentum process the conditioned cue that predicts the threat and discharge sharply relative to the speed or apparent urgency of the avoidance (learned) and escape (innate) responses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat when directed by an innocuous sensory stimulus. Using imaging methods in freely behaving mice, we found that the activity of neurons in a part of the midbrain, known as the pedunculopontime tegmentum, increases during the presentation of the innocuous sensory stimulus that predicts the threat and also during the expression of the learned behavior as mice move away to avoid the threat. In addition, inhibiting these neurons abolishes the ability of mice to learn the behavior. Thus, neurons in this part of the midbrain code and are essential for signaled active avoidance behavior.
Collapse
|
19
|
Skvortsova V, Palminteri S, Buot A, Karachi C, Welter ML, Grabli D, Pessiglione M. A Causal Role for the Pedunculopontine Nucleus in Human Instrumental Learning. Curr Biol 2021; 31:943-954.e5. [PMID: 33352119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical mechanism for maximizing reward is instrumental learning. In standard instrumental learning models, action values are updated on the basis of reward prediction errors (RPEs), defined as the discrepancy between expectations and outcomes. A wealth of evidence across species and experimental techniques has established that RPEs are signaled by midbrain dopamine neurons. However, the way dopamine neurons receive information about reward outcomes remains poorly understood. Recent animal studies suggest that the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), a small brainstem structure considered as a locomotor center, is sensitive to reward and sends excitatory projection to dopaminergic nuclei. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the PPN could contribute to reward learning in humans. To this aim, we leveraged a clinical protocol that assessed the therapeutic impact of PPN deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in three patients with Parkinson disease. PPN local field potentials (LFPs), recorded while patients performed an instrumental learning task, showed a specific response to reward outcomes in a low-frequency (alpha-beta) band. Moreover, PPN DBS selectively improved learning from rewards but not from punishments, a pattern that is typically observed following dopaminergic treatment. Computational analyses indicated that the effect of PPN DBS on instrumental learning was best captured by an increase in subjective reward sensitivity. Taken together, these results support a causal role for PPN-mediated reward signals in human instrumental learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilisa Skvortsova
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) laboratory, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France; INSERM Unit 1127, CNRS Unit 7225, Sorbonne Universités (SU), Paris 75005, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France; INSERM Unit 960, Université de Paris Sciences et Lettres (UP), 75005 Paris, France; Max Planck UCL Center for Computational Psychiatry and Aging, London WC1B 5EH, UK.
| | - Stefano Palminteri
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) laboratory, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France; INSERM Unit 1127, CNRS Unit 7225, Sorbonne Universités (SU), Paris 75005, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France; INSERM Unit 960, Université de Paris Sciences et Lettres (UP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Buot
- INSERM Unit 1127, CNRS Unit 7225, Sorbonne Universités (SU), Paris 75005, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France; INSERM Unit 960, Université de Paris Sciences et Lettres (UP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carine Karachi
- INSERM Unit 1127, CNRS Unit 7225, Sorbonne Universités (SU), Paris 75005, France; Neurology and Neurosurgery department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Welter
- INSERM Unit 1127, CNRS Unit 7225, Sorbonne Universités (SU), Paris 75005, France; Neurophysiology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Grabli
- INSERM Unit 1127, CNRS Unit 7225, Sorbonne Universités (SU), Paris 75005, France; Neurology and Neurosurgery department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) laboratory, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France; INSERM Unit 1127, CNRS Unit 7225, Sorbonne Universités (SU), Paris 75005, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jost ST, Ray Chaudhuri K, Ashkan K, Loehrer PA, Silverdale M, Rizos A, Evans J, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Barbe MT, Sauerbier A, Fink GR, Visser-Vandewalle V, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P, Timmermann L, Dafsari HS. Subthalamic Stimulation Improves Quality of Sleep in Parkinson Disease: A 36-Month Controlled Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:323-335. [PMID: 33074192 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances and neuropsychiatric symptoms are some of the most common nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The effect of subthalamic stimulation (STN-DBS) on these symptoms beyond a short-term follow-up is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine 36-month effects of bilateral STN-DBS on quality of sleep, depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) compared to standard-of-care medical therapy (MED) in PD. METHODS In this prospective, controlled, observational, propensity score matched, international multicenter study, we assessed sleep disturbances using the PDSleep Scale-1 (PDSS), QoL employing the PDQuestionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), motor disorder with the Scales for Outcomes in PD (SCOPA), anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and dopaminergic medication requirements (LEDD). Within-group longitudinal outcome changes were tested using Wilcoxon signed-rank and between-group longitudinal differences of change scores with Mann-Whitney U tests. Spearman correlations analyzed the relationships of outcome parameter changes at follow-up. RESULTS Propensity score matching applied on 159 patients (STN-DBS n = 75, MED n = 84) resulted in 40 patients in each treatment group. At 36-month follow-up, STN-DBS led to significantly better PDSS and PDQ-8 change scores, which were significantly correlated. We observed no significant effects for HADS and no significant correlations between change scores in PDSS, HADS, and LEDD. CONCLUSIONS We report Class IIb evidence of beneficial effects of STN-DBS on quality of sleep at 36-month follow-up, which were associated with QoL improvement independent of depression and dopaminergic medication. Our study highlights the importance of sleep for assessments of DBS outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie T Jost
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philipp A Loehrer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra Rizos
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Julian Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Jan Niklas Petry-Schmelzer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Sauerbier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Pablo Martinez-Martin
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Haidar S Dafsari
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Petrovic J, Radovanovic L, Saponjic J. Prodromal local sleep disorders in a rat model of Parkinson's disease cholinopathy, hemiparkinsonism and hemiparkinsonism with cholinopathy. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112957. [PMID: 33038348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the prodromal alterations of local sleep, particularly the motor cortical and hippocampal sleep, along with spontaneous locomotor activity in the rat models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed our experiments in adult, male Wistar rats, chronically implanted for sleep recording and divided into four experimental groups: the control (implanted controls), the bilateral pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) lesions (PD cholinopathy), the unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) lesions (hemiparkinsonism) and the unilateral SNpc/bilateral PPT lesions (hemiparkinsonism with PD cholinopathy). We followed their sleep, basal locomotor activity and spatial habituation for 14 days following the surgical procedures. Severe prodromal local sleep disturbances in the hemiparkinsonian rats were expressed as sleep fragmentation and distinct local NREM/REM EEG microstructure alterations in both the motor cortex and the hippocampus. Alongside the state-unrelated role of the dopaminergic control of theta oscillations and NREM/REM related sigma and beta oscillations, we demonstrated that the REM neurochemical regulatory substrate is particularly important in the dopaminergic control of beta oscillations. In addition, hippocampal prodromal sleep disorders in the hemiparkinsonian rats were expressed as NREM/REM fragmentation and the opposite impact of dopaminergic versus cholinergic control of the NREM delta and beta oscillation amplitudes in the hippocampus, likewise in the motor cortex versus the hippocampus. All these distinct prodromal local sleep disorders and the dopaminergic vs. cholinergic impact on NREM/REM EEG microstructure alterations are of fundamental importance for the further development and follow-up of PD-modifying therapies, and for the identification of patients who are at risk of developing PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Petrovic
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd., 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Radovanovic
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd., 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Saponjic
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd., 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dafsari HS, Dos Santos Ghilardi MG, Visser-Vandewalle V, Rizos A, Ashkan K, Silverdale M, Evans J, Martinez RCR, Cury RG, Jost ST, Barbe MT, Fink GR, Antonini A, Ray-Chaudhuri K, Martinez-Martin P, Fonoff ET, Timmermann L. Beneficial nonmotor effects of subthalamic and pallidal neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1697-1705. [PMID: 33038595 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthalamic (STN) and pallidal (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improve quality of life, motor, and nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, few studies have compared their nonmotor effects. OBJECTIVE To compare nonmotor effects of STN-DBS and GPi-DBS. METHODS In this prospective, observational, multicenter study including 60 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS (n = 40) or GPi-DBS (n = 20), we examined PDQuestionnaire (PDQ), NMSScale (NMSS), Unified PD Rating Scale-activities of daily living, -motor impairment, -complications (UPDRS-II, -III, -IV), Hoehn&Yahr, Schwab&England Scale, and levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD) preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up. Intra-group changes at follow-up were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank or paired t-test, if parametric tests were applicable, and corrected for multiple comparisons. Inter-group differences were explored with Mann-Whitney-U/unpaired t-tests. Analyses were performed before and after propensity score matching which balanced out demographic and preoperative clinical characteristics. Strength of clinical changes was assessed with effect size. RESULTS In both groups, PDQ, UPDRS-II, -IV, Schwab&England Scale, and NMSS improved significantly at follow-up. STN-DBS was significantly better for LEDD reduction, GPi-DBS for UPDRS-IV. While NMSS total score outcomes were similar, explorative NMSS domain analyses revealed distinct profiles: Both targets improved sleep/fatigue and mood/cognition, but only STN-DBS the miscellaneous (pain/olfaction) and attention/memory and only GPi-DBS cardiovascular and sexual function domains. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to report distinct patterns of beneficial nonmotor effects of STN-DBS and GPi-DBS in PD. This study highlights the importance of NMS assessments to tailor DBS target choices to patients' individual motor and nonmotor profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidar S Dafsari
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Gabriela Dos Santos Ghilardi
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery of Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rizos
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel C R Martinez
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery of Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Institute of Teaching and Research, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens G Cury
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery of Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefanie T Jost
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Hospital San Camillo, Venice, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - K Ray-Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Martinez-Martin
- National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erich Talamoni Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery of Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Institute of Teaching and Research, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars Timmermann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schwab BC, Kase D, Zimnik A, Rosenbaum R, Codianni MG, Rubin JE, Turner RS. Neural activity during a simple reaching task in macaques is counter to gating and rebound in basal ganglia-thalamic communication. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000829. [PMID: 33048920 PMCID: PMC7584254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-related activity in the ventral thalamus, a major target of basal ganglia output, is often assumed to be permitted or triggered by changes in basal ganglia activity through gating- or rebound-like mechanisms. To test those hypotheses, we sampled single-unit activity from connected basal ganglia output and thalamic nuclei (globus pallidus-internus [GPi] and ventrolateral anterior nucleus [VLa]) in monkeys performing a reaching task. Rate increases were the most common peri-movement change in both nuclei. Moreover, peri-movement changes generally began earlier in VLa than in GPi. Simultaneously recorded GPi-VLa pairs rarely showed short-time-scale spike-to-spike correlations or slow across-trials covariations, and both were equally positive and negative. Finally, spontaneous GPi bursts and pauses were both followed by small, slow reductions in VLa rate. These results appear incompatible with standard gating and rebound models. Still, gating or rebound may be possible in other physiological situations: simulations show how GPi-VLa communication can scale with GPi synchrony and GPi-to-VLa convergence, illuminating how synchrony of basal ganglia output during motor learning or in pathological conditions may render this pathway effective. Thus, in the healthy state, basal ganglia-thalamic communication during learned movement is more subtle than expected, with changes in firing rates possibly being dominated by a common external source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina C. Schwab
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Daisuke Kase
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew Zimnik
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert Rosenbaum
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Marcello G. Codianni
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. Rubin
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ettaro R, Markovic T, Daniels D, MacLaren DA, Clark SD. Microinjection of urotensin II into the pedunculopontine tegmentum leads to an increase in the consumption of sweet tastants. Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112775. [PMID: 31843472 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPTg) plays a role in processing multiple sensory inputs and innervates brain regions associated with reward-related behaviors. The urotensin II receptor, activated by the urotensin II peptide (UII), is selectively expressed by the cholinergic neurons of the PPTg. Although the exact function of cholinergic neurons of the PPTg is unknown, they are thought to contribute to the perception of reward magnitude or salience detection. We hypothesized that the activation of PPTg cholinergic neurons would alter sensory processing across multiple modalities (ex. taste and hearing). Here we had three aims: first, determine if cholinergic activation is involved in consumption behavior of palatable solutions (sucrose). Second, if so, distinguish the impact of the caloric value by using saccharin, a zero calorie sweetener. Lastly, we tested the UII-mediated effects on perception of acoustic stimuli by measuring acoustic startle reflex (ASR). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally cannulated into the PPTg, then placed under food restriction lasting the entire consumption experiment (water ad lib.). Treatment consisted of a microinjection of either 1 μL of aCSF or 1 μL of 10 μM UII into the PPTg, and the rats were immediately given access to either sucrose or saccharin. For the remaining five days, rats were allowed one hour access per day to the same sweet solution without any further treatments. During the saccharin experiment rats were tested in a contact lickometer which recorded each individual lick to give insight into the microstructure of the consumption behavior. ASR testing consisted of a baseline (no treatment), treatment day, and two additional days (no treatment). Immediately following the microinjection of UII, consumption of both saccharin and sucrose increased compared to controls. This significant increase persisted for days after the single administration of UII, but there was no generalized arousal or increase in water consumption between testing sessions. The effects on ASR were not significant. Activating cholinergic PPTg neurons may lead to a miscalculation of the salience of external stimuli, implicating the importance of cholinergic input in modulating a variety of behaviors. The long-lasting effects seen after UII treatment support further research into the role of sensory processing on reward related-behaviors at the level of the PPTg cholinergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ettaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Tamara Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Derek Daniels
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Duncan Aa MacLaren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Stewart D Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lench DH, Embry A, Hydar A, Hanlon CA, Revuelta G. Increased on-state cortico-mesencephalic functional connectivity in Parkinson disease with freezing of gait. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 72:31-36. [PMID: 32097881 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate ON-state resting state functional connectivity (FC) from the mesencephalic locomotor regions (MLR) to distributed sensorimotor cortical regions in patients with Freezing of Gait (FOG) and its association with gait performance. METHODS 54 individuals with PD were recruited for this study (50% of whom had FOG). All individuals received a resting state functional MRI in the ON state, and underwent a series of gait assessments during single and dual task conditions. FC with the MLR was calculated using a whole brain seed to voxel approach wherein the left and right MLR seeds were extracted from a published atlas. General linear regression was used to determine differences in connectivity between the individuals with ('freezers') and without ('non-freezers') FOG as well as the correlation between MLR connectivity and gait performance in the freezers. RESULTS Freezers had significantly higher MLR connectivity to a network of sensorimotor regions compared to non-freezers. Additionally, among the freezers, higher FC with these regions was related to longer single-task and dual-task performance. There were no regions in which non-freezers had higher connectivity than freezers (p < 0.05, FWE corrected clusters for all analyses). CONCLUSION These data support the hypothesis that freezers have significantly higher ON-state FC between the MLR and a network of cortical structures than non-freezers. Additionally, this elevated connectivity is directly related to worsening FOG severity. These data add to a theoretical foundation which suggests that cortical hyperconnectivity to the MLR is central to the underlying pathophysiology of FOG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Lench
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurosciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aaron Embry
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alyssa Hydar
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurosciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gonzalo Revuelta
- Department of Neurology, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Neuronal oscillations of the pedunculopontine nucleus in progressive supranuclear palsy: Influence of levodopa and movement. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:414-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
27
|
Kmita LC, Ilkiw JL, Rodrigues LS, Targa AD, Noseda ACD, Dos-Santos P, Fagotti J, Trindade ES, Lima MM. Absence of a synergic nigral proapoptotic effect triggered by REM sleep deprivation in the rotenone model of Parkinson´s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 12:196-202. [PMID: 31890096 PMCID: PMC6932851 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity has been related to play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) represents one of the major sources of glutamatergic afferences to nigrostriatal pathway and putative reciprocal connectivity between these structures may exert a potential influence on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep control. Also, PPT could be overactive in PD, it seems that dopaminergic neurons are under abnormally high levels of glutamate and consequently might be more vulnerable to neurodegeneration. We decided to investigate the neuroprotective effect of riluzole administration, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, in rats submitted simultaneously to nigrostrial rotenone and 24h of REM sleep deprivation (REMSD). Our findings showed that blocking NMDA glutamatergic receptors in the SNpc, after REMSD challenge, protected the dopaminergic neurons from rotenone lesion. Concerning rotenone-induced hypolocomotion, riluzole reversed this impairment in the control groups. Also, REMSD prevented the occurrence of rotenone-induced motor impairment as a result of dopaminergic supersensitivity. In addition, higher Fluoro Jade C (FJC) staining within the SNpc was associated with decreased cognitive performance observed in rotenone groups. Such effect was counteracted by riluzole suggesting the occurrence of an antiapoptotic effect. Moreover, riluzole did not rescue cognitive impairment impinged by rotenone, REMSD or their combination. These data indicated that reductions of excitotoxicity, by riluzole, partially protected dopamine neurons from neuronal death and appeared to be effective in relieve specific rotenone-induce motor disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana C Kmita
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Jessica L Ilkiw
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Lais S Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil.,Federal University of Paraná, Department of Pharmacology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Adriano Ds Targa
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil.,Federal University of Paraná, Department of Pharmacology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina D Noseda
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil.,Federal University of Paraná, Department of Pharmacology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Patrícia Dos-Santos
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Juliane Fagotti
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Edvaldo S Trindade
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Cell Biology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ms Lima
- Federal University of Paraná. Department of Physiology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil.,Federal University of Paraná, Department of Pharmacology - Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nowacki A, Galati S, Ai-Schlaeppi J, Bassetti C, Kaelin A, Pollo C. Pedunculopontine nucleus: An integrative view with implications on Deep Brain Stimulation. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 128:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
29
|
Wichmann T. Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1130-1143. [PMID: 31216379 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia on the function of the basal ganglia/thalamocortical circuit(s). Changes of firing rates of individual nodes within these circuits were originally considered central to parkinsonism. However, this view has now given way to the belief that changes in firing patterns within the basal ganglia and related nuclei are more important, including the emergence of burst discharges, greater synchrony of firing between neighboring neurons, oscillatory activity patterns, and the excessive coupling of oscillatory activities at different frequencies. Primarily focusing on studies obtained in nonhuman primates and human patients with Parkinson's disease, this review summarizes the current state of this field and highlights several emerging areas of research, including studies of the impact of the heterogeneity of external pallidal neurons on parkinsonism, the importance of extrastriatal dopamine loss, parkinsonism-associated synaptic and morphologic plasticity, and the potential role(s) of the cerebellum and brainstem in the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wichmann
- Department of Neurology/School of Medicine and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khan AN, Bronstein A, Bain P, Pavese N, Nandi D. Pedunculopontine and Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Effect on Saccades in Parkinson Disease. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e219-e231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Circuits That Mediate Expression of Signaled Active Avoidance Converge in the Pedunculopontine Tegmentum. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4576-4594. [PMID: 30936242 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0049-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An innocuous sensory stimulus that reliably signals an upcoming aversive event can be conditioned to elicit locomotion to a safe location before the aversive outcome ensues. The neural circuits that mediate the expression of this signaled locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance, have not been identified. While exploring sensorimotor midbrain circuits in mice of either sex, we found that excitation of GABAergic cells in the substantia nigra pars reticulata blocks signaled active avoidance by inhibiting cells in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT), not by inhibiting cells in the superior colliculus or thalamus. Direct inhibition of putative-glutamatergic PPT cells, excitation of GABAergic PPT cells, or excitation of GABAergic afferents in PPT, abolish signaled active avoidance. Conversely, excitation of putative-glutamatergic PPT cells, or inhibition of GABAergic PPT cells, can be tuned to drive avoidance responses. The PPT is an essential junction for the expression of signaled active avoidance gated by nigral and other synaptic afferents.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When a harmful situation is signaled by a sensory stimulus (e.g., street light), subjects typically learn to respond with active or passive avoidance responses that circumvent the threat. During signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat signaled by a preceding innocuous stimulus. We identified a part of the midbrain essential to process the signal and avoid the threat. Inhibition of neurons in this area eliminates avoidance responses to the signal but preserves escape responses caused by presentation of the threat. The results highlight an essential part of the neural circuits that mediate signaled active avoidance behavior.
Collapse
|
32
|
Geng X, Wang X, He F, Zhang X, Xie J, Gao G, Han H, Yao X, Zhang H, Gao Y, Wang Y, Wang M. Spike and Local Field Synchronization Between the Pedunculopontine Nucleus and Primary Motor Cortex in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2019; 404:470-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
33
|
Ciric J, Kapor S, Perovic M, Saponjic J. Alterations of Sleep and Sleep Oscillations in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:148. [PMID: 30872994 PMCID: PMC6401659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cholinopathy demonstrated the sleep-related alterations in electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations at the cortical and hippocampal levels, cortical drives, and sleep spindles (SSs) as the earliest functional biomarkers preceding hypokinesia. Our aim in this study was to follow the impact of a unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) lesion in rat on the cortical and hippocampal sleep architectures and their EEG microstructures, as well as the cortico-hippocampal synchronizations of EEG oscillations, and the SS and high voltage sleep spindle (HVS) dynamics during NREM and REM sleep. We performed unilateral SNpc lesions using two different concentrations/volumes of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 12 μg/1 μl or 12 μg/2 μl). Whereas the unilateral dopaminergic neuronal loss >50% throughout the overall SNpc rostro-caudal dimension prolonged the Wake state, with no change in the NREM or REM duration, there was a long-lasting theta amplitude augmentation across all sleep states in the motor cortex (MCx), but also in the CA1 hippocampus (Hipp) during both Wake and REM sleep. We demonstrate that SS are the hallmarks of NREM sleep, but that they also occur during REM sleep in the MCx and Hipp of the control rats. Whereas SS are always longer in REM vs. NREM sleep in both structures, they are consistently slower in the Hipp. The dopaminergic neuronal loss increased the density of SS in both structures and shortened them in the MCx during NREM sleep, without changing the intrinsic frequency. Conversely, HVS are the hallmarks of REM sleep in the control rats, slower in the Hipp vs. MCx, and the dopaminergic neuronal loss increased their density in the MCx, but shortened them more consistently in the Hipp during REM sleep. In addition, there was an altered synchronization of the EEG oscillations between the MCx and Hipp in different sleep states, particularly the theta and sigma coherences during REM sleep. We provide novel evidence for the importance of the SNpc dopaminergic innervation in sleep regulation, theta rhythm generation, and SS/HVS dynamics control. We suggest the importance of the underlying REM sleep regulatory substrate to HVS generation and duration and to the cortico-hippocampal synchronizations of EEG oscillations in hemiparkinsonian rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ciric
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka Perovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pasquereau B, Tremblay L, Turner RS. Local Field Potentials Reflect Dopaminergic and Non-Dopaminergic Activities within the Primate Midbrain. Neuroscience 2018; 399:167-183. [PMID: 30578975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons are thought to play a crucial role in motivating behaviors toward desired goals. While the activity of dopamine single-units is known to adhere closely to the reward prediction error (RPE) signal hypothesized by learning theory, much less is known about the dynamic coordination of population-level neuronal activities in the midbrain. Local field potentials (LFPs) are thought to reflect the changes in membrane potential synchronized across a population of neurons nearby a recording electrode. These changes involve complex combinations of local spiking activity with synaptic processing that are difficult to interpret. Here we sampled LFPs from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of behaving monkeys to determine if local population-level synchrony encodes specific aspects of a reward/effort instrumental task and whether dopamine single-units participate in that signal. We found that reward-correlated information is encoded in a low-frequency signal (<32-Hz; delta and beta bands) that is synchronized across a neural population that includes dopamine neurons. Conversely, high-frequency power (>33-Hz; gamma band) was anticorrelated with predicted reward value and dopamine single-units were never phase-locked to those frequencies. This high-frequency signal may reflect inhibitory processes that were not otherwise observable. LFP encoding of movement-related parameters was negligible. Together, LFPs provide novel insights into the multidimensional processing of reward information subserved by dopaminergic and other components of the midbrain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR-5229 CNRS, Bron, France
| | - Robert S Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
MacLaren DAA, Ljungberg TL, Griffin ME, Clark SD. Pedunculopontine tegmentum cholinergic loss leads to a progressive decline in motor abilities and neuropathological changes resembling progressive supranuclear palsy. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3477-3497. [PMID: 30339310 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common atypical Parkinsonism. Although PSP shares some symptomology with Parkinson's disease (PD), PSP has a different underlying pathology characterized by tau aggregation. Furthermore, PSP sufferers respond poorly to PD medications and there are no effective alternative therapeutics. The development of both palliative and disease altering therapeutics has been hampered by the lack of an animal model that displays relevant PSP-like pathology and behavioral deficits. Previously, our lab found that in rats the selective removal of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons (whose axonal projections overlap with areas of PSP pathology), mimics the extensive loss of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons seen in PSP, and produces a unique PSP-like combination of deficits in: startle reflex, attention, and motor function. The present study extends those findings by allowing the lesion to incubate for over a year and compares behavioral and post-mortem pathology of pedunculopontine-cholinergic-lesioned and sham-lesioned rats. There was an early startle reflex deficit which did not improve over time. Progressive declines in motor function developed over the course of the year, including an increase in the number of "slips" while navigating various beams and poorly coordinated transitions from an elevated platform into homecages. Histological analysis discovered that the loss off cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons precipitated a significant loss of substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and a significant enlargement of the lateral ventricles. The latter is a distinguishing feature between PSP and PD. This preclinical animal model of PSP has the potential to further our understanding of PSP and aid in the testing of potential therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A A MacLaren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Trisha L Ljungberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Meghan E Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stewart D Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Resende NR, Soares Filho PL, Peixoto PPA, Silva AM, Silva SF, Soares JG, do Nascimento ES, Cavalcante JC, Cavalcante JS, Costa MSMO. Nuclear organization and morphology of cholinergic neurons in the brain of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) (Wied, 1820). J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:63-74. [PMID: 30293055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct cytoarchitectonic studies and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemical analysis to delimit the cholinergic groups in the encephalon of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), a crepuscular Caviidae rodent native to the Brazilian Northeast. Three young adult animals were anesthetized and transcardially perfused. The encephala were cut in the coronal plane using a cryostat. We obtained 6 series of 30-μm-thick sections. The sections from one series were subjected to Nissl staining. Those from another series were subjected to immunohistochemistry for the enzyme ChAT, which is used in acetylcholine synthesis, to visualize the different cholinergic neural centers of the rock cavy. The slides were analyzed using a light microscope and the results were documented by description and digital photomicrographs. ChAT-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the telencephalon (nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and ventral globus pallidus, olfactory tubercle and islands of Calleja, diagonal band of Broca nucleus, nucleus basalis, and medial septal nucleus), diencephalon (ventrolateral preoptic, hypothalamic ventrolateral, and medial habenular nuclei), and brainstem (parabigeminal, laterodorsal tegmental, and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei). These findings are discussed through both a functional and phylogenetic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Resende
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - P L Soares Filho
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - P P A Peixoto
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - A M Silva
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - S F Silva
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J G Soares
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - E S do Nascimento
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J C Cavalcante
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J S Cavalcante
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M S M O Costa
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yin Z, Cao Y, Zheng S, Duan J, Zhou D, Xu R, Hong T, Lu G. Persistent adverse effects following different targets and periods after bilateral deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2018; 393:116-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
38
|
Pallidal Stimulation Modulates Pedunculopontine Nuclei in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8070117. [PMID: 29941788 PMCID: PMC6071240 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In advanced Parkinson’s disease, the pedunculopontine nucleus region is thought to be abnormally inhibited by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic inputs from the over-active globus pallidus internus. Recent attempts to boost pedunculopontine nucleus function through deep brain stimulation are promising, but suffer from the incomplete understanding of the physiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus region. Methods: Local field potentials of the pedunculopontine nucleus region and the globus pallidus internus were recorded and quantitatively analyzed in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. In particular, we compared the local field potentials from the pedunculopontine nucleus region at rest and during deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus. Results: At rest, the spectrum of local field potentials in the globus pallidus internus was mainly characterized by delta-theta and beta frequency activity whereas the spectrum of the pedunculopontine nucleus region was dominated by activity only in the delta and theta band. High-frequency deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus led to increased theta activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus region and enabled information exchange between the left and right pedunculopontine nuclei. Therefore, Conclusions: When applying deep brain stimulation in the globus pallidus internus, its modulatory effect on pedunculopontine nucleus physiology should be taken into account.
Collapse
|
39
|
Alternating Modulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Beta Oscillations during Stepping. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5111-5121. [PMID: 29760182 PMCID: PMC5977446 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3596-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease are commonly refractory to current treatment options and majorly impair patient's quality of life. Auditory cues facilitate gait and prevent motor blocks. We investigated how neural dynamics in the human subthalamic nucleus of Parkinsons's disease patients (14 male, 2 female) vary during stepping and whether rhythmic auditory cues enhance the observed modulation. Oscillations in the beta band were suppressed after ipsilateral heel strikes, when the contralateral foot had to be raised, and reappeared after contralateral heel strikes, when the contralateral foot rested on the floor. The timing of this 20–30 Hz beta modulation was clearly distinct between the left and right subthalamic nucleus, and was alternating within each stepping cycle. This modulation was similar, whether stepping movements were made while sitting, standing, or during gait, confirming the utility of the stepping in place paradigm. During stepping in place, beta modulation increased with auditory cues that assisted patients in timing their steps more regularly. Our results suggest a link between the degree of power modulation within high beta frequency bands and stepping performance. These findings raise the possibility that alternating deep brain stimulation patterns may be superior to constant stimulation for improving parkinsonian gait. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease majorly reduce patients' quality of life and are often refractory to current treatment options. We investigated how neural activity in the subthalamic nucleus of patients who received deep brain stimulation surgery covaries with the stepping cycle. 20–30 Hz beta activity was modulated relative to each step, alternating between the left and right STN. The stepping performance of patients improved when auditory cues were provided, which went along with enhanced beta modulation. This raises the possibility that alternating stimulation patterns may also enhance beta modulation and may be more beneficial for gait control than continuous stimulation, which needs to be tested in future studies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Luquin E, Huerta I, Aymerich MS, Mengual E. Stereological Estimates of Glutamatergic, GABAergic, and Cholinergic Neurons in the Pedunculopontine and Laterodorsal Tegmental Nuclei in the Rat. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:34. [PMID: 29867374 PMCID: PMC5958217 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) are functionally associated brainstem structures implicated in behavioral state control and sensorimotor integration. The PPN is also involved in gait and posture, while the LDT plays a role in reward. Both nuclei comprise characteristic cholinergic neurons intermingled with glutamatergic and GABAergic cells whose absolute numbers in the rat have been only partly established. Here we sought to determine the complete phenotypical profile of each nucleus to investigate potential differences between them. Counts were obtained using stereological methods after the simultaneous visualization of cholinergic and either glutamatergic or GABAergic cells. The two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GAD65 and GAD67, were separately analyzed. Dual in situ hybridization revealed coexpression of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs in ∼90% of GAD-positive cells in both nuclei; thus, the estimated mean numbers of (1) cholinergic, (2) glutamatergic, and (3) GABAergic cells in PPN and LDT, respectively, were (1) 3,360 and 3,650; (2) 5,910 and 5,190; and (3) 4,439 and 7,599. These data reveal significant differences between PPN and LDT in their relative phenotypical composition, which may underlie some of the functional differences observed between them. The estimation of glutamatergic cells was significantly higher in the caudal PPN, supporting the reported functional rostrocaudal segregation in this nucleus. Finally, a small subset of cholinergic neurons (8% in PPN and 5% in LDT) also expressed the glutamatergic marker Vglut2, providing anatomical evidence for a potential corelease of transmitters at specific target areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Luquin
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibone Huerta
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María S Aymerich
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Science, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Mengual
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
French IT, Muthusamy KA. A Review of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:99. [PMID: 29755338 PMCID: PMC5933166 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is situated in the upper pons in the dorsolateral portion of the ponto-mesencephalic tegmentum. Its main mass is positioned at the trochlear nucleus level, and is part of the mesenphalic locomotor region (MLR) in the upper brainstem. The human PPN is divided into two subnuclei, the pars compacta (PPNc) and pars dissipatus (PPNd), and constitutes both cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons with afferent and efferent projections to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia (BG), cerebellum, and spinal cord. The BG controls locomotion and posture via GABAergic output of the substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNr). In PD patients, GABAergic BG output levels are abnormally increased, and gait disturbances are produced via abnormal increases in SNr-induced inhibition of the MLR. Since the PPN is vastly connected with the BG and the brainstem, dysfunction within these systems lead to advanced symptomatic progression in Parkinson's disease (PD), including sleep and cognitive issues. To date, the best treatment is to perform deep brain stimulation (DBS) on PD patients as outcomes have shown positive effects in ameliorating the debilitating symptoms of this disease by treating pathological circuitries within the parkinsonian brain. It is therefore important to address the challenges and develop this procedure to improve the quality of life of PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel T. French
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Souza CDO, Voos MC, Barbosa AF, Chen J, Francato DCV, Milosevic M, Popovic M, Fonoff ET, Chien HF, Barbosa ER. Relationship Between Posturography, Clinical Balance and Executive Function in Parkinson´s Disease. J Mot Behav 2018; 51:212-221. [PMID: 29683777 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2018.1458279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between posturography, clinical balance, and executive function tests in Parkinson´s disease (PD). Seventy-one people participated in the study. Static posturography evaluated the center of pressure fluctuations in quiet standing and dynamic posturography assessed sit-to-stand, tandem walk, and step over an obstacle. Functional balance was evaluated by Berg Balance Scale, MiniBESTest, and Timed Up and Go test. Executive function was assessed by Trail Making Test (TMT) and semantic verbal fluency test. Step over obstacle measures (percentage of body weight transfer and movement time) were moderately correlated to Timed Up and Go, part B of TMT and semantic verbal fluency (r > 0.40; p < 0.05 in all relationships). Stepping over an obstacle assesses the responses to internal perturbations. Participants with shorter movement times and higher percentage of body weight transfer (higher lift up index) on this task were also faster in Timed Up and Go, part B of TMT, and semantic verbal fluency. All these tasks require executive function (problem solving, sequencing, shifting attention), which is affected by PD and contribute to postural assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Oliveira Souza
- a Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology , Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Functional Neurosurgery , Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil.,c ReMove, Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders Research Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Mariana Callil Voos
- c ReMove, Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders Research Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,d Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Speech Therapy Department , University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ferreira Barbosa
- c ReMove, Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders Research Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,d Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Speech Therapy Department , University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Janini Chen
- a Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology , Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil.,c ReMove, Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders Research Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Debora Cristina Valente Francato
- a Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology , Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Matija Milosevic
- e Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,f Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Lyndhurst Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Milos Popovic
- e Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,f Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Lyndhurst Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Erich Talamoni Fonoff
- b Department of Functional Neurosurgery , Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Hsin Fen Chien
- a Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology , Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil.,c ReMove, Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders Research Group , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- a Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology , Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hikosaka O, Kim HF, Amita H, Yasuda M, Isoda M, Tachibana Y, Yoshida A. Direct and indirect pathways for choosing objects and actions. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:637-645. [PMID: 29473660 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A prominent target of the basal ganglia is the superior colliculus (SC) which controls gaze orientation (saccadic eye movement in primates) to an important object. This 'object choice' is crucial for choosing an action on the object. SC is innervated by the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) which is controlled mainly by the caudate nucleus (CD). This CD-SNr-SC circuit is sensitive to the values of individual objects and facilitates saccades to good objects. The object values are processed differently in two parallel circuits: flexibly by the caudate head (CDh) and stably by the caudate tail (CDt). To choose good objects, we need to reject bad objects. In fact, these contrasting functions are accomplished by the circuit originating from CDt: The direct pathway focuses on good objects and facilitates saccades to them; the indirect pathway focuses on bad objects and suppresses saccades to them. Inactivation of CDt deteriorated the object choice, because saccades to bad objects were no longer suppressed. This suggests that the indirect pathway is important for object choice. However, the direct and indirect pathways for 'object choice', which aim at the same action (i.e., saccade), may not work for 'action choice'. One possibility is that circuits controlling different actions are connected through the indirect pathway. Additional connections of the indirect pathway with brain areas outside the basal ganglia may also provide a wider range of behavioral choice. In conclusion, basal ganglia circuits are composed of the basic direct/indirect pathways and additional connections and thus have acquired multiple functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okihide Hikosaka
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bldg. 49, Rm. 2A50, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4435, USA
| | - Hyoung F Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea
| | - Hidetoshi Amita
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bldg. 49, Rm. 2A50, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4435, USA
| | - Masaharu Yasuda
- Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masaki Isoda
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tachibana
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Functional Architecture Imaging team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pleasure: The missing link in the regulation of sleep. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 88:141-154. [PMID: 29548930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although largely unrecognized by sleep scholars, sleeping is a pleasure. This report aims first, to fill the gap: sleep, like food, water and sex, is a primary reinforcer. The levels of extracellular mesolimbic dopamine show circadian oscillations and mark the "wanting" for pro-homeostatic stimuli. Further, the dopamine levels decrease during waking and are replenished during sleep, in opposition to sleep propensity. The wanting of sleep, therefore, may explain the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Accordingly, sleep onset occurs when the displeasure of excessive waking is maximal, coinciding with the minimal levels of mesolimbic dopamine. Reciprocally, sleep ends after having replenished the limbic dopamine levels. Given the direct relation between waking and mesolimbic dopamine, sleep must serve primarily to gain an efficient waking. Pleasant sleep (i.e. emotional sleep), can only exist in animals capable of feeling emotions. Therefore, although sleep-like states have been described in invertebrates and primitive vertebrates, the association sleep-pleasure clearly marks a difference between the sleep of homeothermic vertebrates and cool blooded animals.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ciric J, Lazic K, Kapor S, Perovic M, Petrovic J, Pesic V, Kanazir S, Saponjic J. Sleep disorder and altered locomotor activity as biomarkers of the Parkinson’s disease cholinopathy in rat. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
Targa AD, Noseda ACD, Rodrigues LS, Aurich MF, Lima MM. REM sleep deprivation and dopaminergic D2 receptors modulation increase recognition memory in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:239-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
47
|
Horrell ND, Hickmott PW, Saltzman W. Neural Regulation of Paternal Behavior in Mammals: Sensory, Neuroendocrine, and Experiential Influences on the Paternal Brain. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 43:111-160. [PMID: 30206901 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, parents in many species devote extraordinary effort toward caring for offspring, often risking their lives and exhausting limited resources. Understanding how the brain orchestrates parental care, biasing effort over the many competing demands, is an important topic in social neuroscience. In mammals, maternal care is necessary for offspring survival and is largely mediated by changes in hormones and neuropeptides that fluctuate massively during pregnancy, parturition, and lactation (e.g., progesterone, estradiol, oxytocin, and prolactin). In the relatively small number of mammalian species in which parental care by fathers enhances offspring survival and development, males also undergo endocrine changes concurrent with birth of their offspring, but on a smaller scale than females. Thus, fathers additionally rely on sensory signals from their mates, environment, and/or offspring to orchestrate paternal behavior. Males can engage in a variety of infant-directed behaviors that range from infanticide to avoidance to care; in many species, males can display all three behaviors in their lifetime. The neural plasticity that underlies such stark changes in behavior is not well understood. In this chapter we summarize current data on the neural circuitry that has been proposed to underlie paternal care in mammals, as well as sensory, neuroendocrine, and experiential influences on paternal behavior and on the underlying circuitry. We highlight some of the gaps in our current knowledge of this system and propose future directions that will enable the development of a more comprehensive understanding of the proximate control of parenting by fathers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Horrell
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Peter W Hickmott
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Saltzman
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pasquereau B, Turner RS. A selective role for ventromedial subthalamic nucleus in inhibitory control. eLife 2017; 6:31627. [PMID: 29199955 PMCID: PMC5730370 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in the rapid stopping of movement in reaction to a stop signal. Single-unit recording evidence for such a role is sparse, however, and it remains uncertain how that role relates to the disparate functions described for anatomic subdivisions of the STN. Here we address that gap in knowledge using non-human primates and a task that distinguishes reactive and proactive action inhibition, switching and skeletomotor functions. We found that specific subsets of STN neurons have activity consistent with causal roles in reactive action stopping or switching. Importantly, these neurons were strictly segregated to a ventromedial region of STN. Neurons in other subdivisions encoded task dimensions such as movement per se and proactive control. We propose that the involvement of STN in reactive control is restricted to its ventromedial portion, further implicating this STN subdivision in impulse control disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pasquereau
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert S Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Galtieri DJ, Estep CM, Wokosin DL, Traynelis S, Surmeier DJ. Pedunculopontine glutamatergic neurons control spike patterning in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. eLife 2017; 6:30352. [PMID: 28980939 PMCID: PMC5643088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Burst spiking in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons is a key signaling event in the circuitry controlling goal-directed behavior. It is widely believed that this spiking mode depends upon an interaction between synaptic activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and intrinsic oscillatory mechanisms. However, the role of specific neural networks in burst generation has not been defined. To begin filling this gap, SNc glutamatergic synapses arising from pedunculopotine nucleus (PPN) neurons were characterized using optical and electrophysiological approaches. These synapses were localized exclusively on the soma and proximal dendrites, placing them in a good location to influence spike generation. Indeed, optogenetic stimulation of PPN axons reliably evoked spiking in SNc dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, burst stimulation of PPN axons was faithfully followed, even in the presence of NMDAR antagonists. Thus, PPN-evoked burst spiking of SNc dopaminergic neurons in vivo may not only be extrinsically triggered, but extrinsically patterned as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Galtieri
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Chad M Estep
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Stephen Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tsanov M. Speed and Oscillations: Medial Septum Integration of Attention and Navigation. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:67. [PMID: 28979196 PMCID: PMC5611363 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cortical and diencephalic limbic brain regions incorporate neurons that fire in correlation with the speed of whole-body motion, also known as linear velocity. Besides the field mapping and head-directional information, the linear velocity is among the major signals that guide animal’s spatial navigation. Large neuronal populations in the same limbic regions oscillate with theta rhythm during spatial navigation or attention episodes; and the frequency of theta also correlates with linear velocity. A functional similarity between these brain areas is that their inactivation impairs the ability to form new spatial memories; whereas an anatomical similarity is that they all receive projections from medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex. We review recent findings supporting the model that septal theta rhythm integrates different sensorimotor signals necessary for spatial navigation. The medial septal is described here as a circuitry that mediates experience-dependent balance of sustained attention and path integration during navigation. We discuss the hypothesis that theta rhythm serves as a key mechanism for the aligning of intrinsic spatial representation to: (1) rapid change of position in the spatial environment; (2) continuous alteration of sensory signals throughout navigation; and (3) adapting levels of attentional behavior. The synchronization of these spatial, somatosensory and neuromodulatory signals is proposed here to be anatomically and physiologically mediated by the medial septum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Tsanov
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|