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Chai D, Jiang H, Lv X. The impact of dexmedetomidine on ketamine-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in young mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39192610 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity remain inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine on ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis and neurodevelopmental toxicity. METHODS In vitro experiments employed concentrations of 0.1 uM for dexmedetomidine and 50 uM for ketamine individually as well as their combination. Changes in apoptotic proteins and dendritic development in neurons were assessed after a 6-h exposure to the drugs with evaluations conducted 24 hs' post-treatment. In vivo experiments entailed intraperitoneal administration starting from postnatal Day 7 (P7) continuously for 3 days (P7-P9) using dosages of 100 mg/kg for ketamine and 1 mg/kg for dexmedetomidine alone or combined. Learning, memory and motor coordination abilities were evaluated via rotary rod tests and shuttle box experiments at P30 and P60, respectively. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine effectively mitigated ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons but did not alleviate associated dendritic developmental abnormalities. Although causing reduced motor coordination in mice, no improvement was observed with regard to this effect or reaction speed when treated with dexmedetomidine alongside ketamine. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that while dexmedetomidine can mitigate ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis, it has limited impact on its associated neurodevelopmental toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Zhang X, Thomas GM. Recruitment, regulation, and release: Control of signaling enzyme localization and function by reversible S-acylation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107696. [PMID: 39168183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
An ever-growing number of studies highlight the importance of S-acylation, a reversible protein-lipid modification, for diverse aspects of intracellular signaling. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how S-acylation regulates perhaps the best-known class of signaling enzymes, protein kinases. We describe how S-acylation acts as a membrane targeting signal that localizes certain kinases to specific membranes, and how such membrane localization in turn facilitates the assembly of signaling hubs consisting of an S-acylated kinase's upstream activators and/or downstream targets. We further discuss recent findings that S-acylation can control additional aspects of the function of certain kinases, including their interactions and, surprisingly, their activity, and how such regulation might be exploited for potential therapeutic gain. We go on to describe the roles and regulation of de-S-acylases and how extracellular signals drive dynamic (de)S-acylation of certain kinases. We discuss how S-acylation has the potential to lead to "emergent properties" that alter the temporal profile and/or salience of intracellular signaling events. We close by giving examples of other S-acylation-dependent classes of signaling enzymes and by discussing how recent biological and technological advances should facilitate future studies into the functional roles of S-acylation-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Neural Sciences, Center for Neural Development and Repair, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Department of Neural Sciences, Center for Neural Development and Repair, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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3
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Hofbrucker-MacKenzie SA, Seemann E, Westermann M, Qualmann B, Kessels MM. Long-term depression in neurons involves temporal and ultra-structural dynamics of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate relying on PIP5K, PTEN and PLC. Commun Biol 2023; 6:366. [PMID: 37012315 PMCID: PMC10070498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity involves proper establishment and rearrangement of structural and functional microdomains. Yet, visualization of the underlying lipid cues proved challenging. Applying a combination of rapid cryofixation, membrane freeze-fracturing, immunogold labeling and electron microscopy, we visualize and quantitatively determine the changes and the distribution of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in the plasma membrane of dendritic spines and subareas thereof at ultra-high resolution. These efforts unravel distinct phases of PIP2 signals during induction of long-term depression (LTD). During the first minutes PIP2 rapidly increases in a PIP5K-dependent manner forming nanoclusters. PTEN contributes to a second phase of PIP2 accumulation. The transiently increased PIP2 signals are restricted to upper and middle spine heads. Finally, PLC-dependent PIP2 degradation provides timely termination of PIP2 cues during LTD induction. Together, this work unravels the spatial and temporal cues set by PIP2 during different phases after LTD induction and dissects the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed PIP2 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hofbrucker-MacKenzie
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Eric Seemann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael M Kessels
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Li J, Wu Y, Xue T, He J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhao J, Chen Z, Xie M, Xiao B, Ye Y, Qin S, Tang Q, Huang M, Zhu H, Liu N, Guo F, Zhang L, Zhang L. Cdc42 signaling regulated by dopamine D2 receptor correlatively links specific brain regions of hippocampus to cocaine addiction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166569. [PMID: 36243293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampus plays critical roles in drug addiction. Cocaine-induced modifications in dopamine receptor function and the downstream signaling are important regulation mechanisms in cocaine addiction. Rac regulates actin filament accumulation while Cdc42 stimulates the formation of filopodia and neurite outgrowth. Based on the region specific roles of small GTPases in brain, we focused on the hippocampal subregions to detect the regulation of Cdc42 signaling in long-term morphological and behavioral adaptations to cocaine. METHODS Genetically modified mouse models of Cdc42, dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) and expressed Cdc42 point mutants that are defective in binding to and activation of its downstream effector molecules PAK and N-WASP were generated, respectively, in CA1 or dentate gyrus (DG) subregion. RESULTS Cocaine induced upregulation of Cdc42 signaling activity. Cdc42 knockout or mutants blocked cocaine-induced increase in spine plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, leading to a decreased conditional place preference (CPP)-associated memories and spatial learning and memory in water maze. Cdc42 knockout or mutants promoted cocaine-induced loss of neurogenesis in DG, leading to a decreased CPP-associated memories and spatial learning and memory in water maze. Furthermore, by using D1R knockout, D2R knockout, and D2R/Cdc42 double knockout mice, we found that D2R, but not D1R, regulated Cdc42 signaling in cocaine-induced neural plasticity and behavioral changes. CONCLUSIONS Cdc42 acts downstream of D2R in the hippocampus and plays an important role in cocaine-induced neural plasticity through N-WASP and PAK-LIMK-Cofilin, and Cdc42 signaling pathway correlatively links specific brain regions (CA1, dentate gyrus) to cocaine-induced CPP behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minjuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingshan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sifei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingqiu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengfan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hangfei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - N Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Elderly Health Services Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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5
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Parnell E, Voorn RA, Martin-de-Saavedra MD, Loizzo DD, Dos Santos M, Penzes P. A developmental delay linked missense mutation in Kalirin-7 disrupts protein function and neuronal morphology. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:994513. [PMID: 36533124 PMCID: PMC9751355 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.994513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rac1 guanine exchange factor Kalirin-7 is a key regulator of dendritic spine morphology, LTP and dendritic arborization. Kalirin-7 dysfunction and genetic variation has been extensively linked to various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here we characterize a Kalirin-7 missense mutation, glu1577lys (E1577K), identified in a patient with severe developmental delay. The E1577K point mutation is located within the catalytic domain of Kalirin-7, and results in a robust reduction in Kalirin-7 Rac1 Guanosine exchange factor activity. In contrast to wild type Kalirin-7, the E1577K mutant failed to drive dendritic arborization, spine density, NMDAr targeting to, and activity within, spines. Together these results indicate that reduced Rac1-GEF activity as result of E1577K mutation impairs neuroarchitecture, connectivity and NMDAr activity, and is a likely contributor to impaired neurodevelopment in a patient with developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan Parnell
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Roos A. Voorn
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - M. Dolores Martin-de-Saavedra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel D. Loizzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marc Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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6
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Vallés AS, Barrantes FJ. The synaptic lipidome in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184033. [PMID: 35964712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adequate homeostasis of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks in our organism, and the brain, with its uniquely high energetic requirements, posesses singular characteristics. Some of these are related to its extraordinary dotation of synapses, the specialized subcelluar structures where signal transmission between neurons occurs in the central nervous system. The post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses, the dendritic spine, harbors key molecules involved in neurotransmission tightly packed within a minute volume of a few femtoliters. The spine is further compartmentalized into nanodomains that facilitate the execution of temporo-spatially separate functions in the synapse. Lipids play important roles in this structural and functional compartmentalization and in mechanisms that impact on synaptic transmission. This review analyzes the structural and dynamic processes involving lipids at the synapse, highlighting the importance of their homeostatic balance for the physiology of this complex and highly specialized structure, and underscoring the pathologies associated with disbalances of lipid metabolism, particularly in the perinatal and late adulthood periods of life. Although small variations of the lipid profile in the brain take place throughout the adult lifespan, the pathophysiological consequences are clinically manifested mostly during late adulthood. Disturbances in lipid homeostasis in the perinatal period leads to alterations during nervous system development, while in late adulthood they favor the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Vallés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (UNS-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina.
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7
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Myers KR, Fan Y, McConnell P, Cooper JA, Zheng JQ. Actin capping protein regulates postsynaptic spine development through CPI-motif interactions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020949. [PMID: 36245917 PMCID: PMC9557104 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions essential for the formation of functional circuits in the mammalian brain. During development, spines begin as dynamic filopodia-like protrusions that are then replaced by relatively stable spines containing an expanded head. Remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in the formation and modification of spine morphology, however many of the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Capping protein (CP) is a major actin regulating protein that caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, and promotes the formation of dense branched actin networks. Knockdown of CP impairs the formation of mature spines, leading to an increase in the number of filopodia-like protrusions and defects in synaptic transmission. Here, we show that CP promotes the stabilization of dendritic protrusions, leading to the formation of stable mature spines. However, the localization and function of CP in dendritic spines requires interactions with proteins containing a capping protein interaction (CPI) motif. We found that the CPI motif-containing protein Twinfilin-1 (Twf1) also localizes to spines where it plays a role in CP spine enrichment. The knockdown of Twf1 leads to an increase in the density of filopodia-like protrusions and a decrease in the stability of dendritic protrusions, similar to CP knockdown. Finally, we show that CP directly interacts with Shank and regulates its spine accumulation. These results suggest that spatiotemporal regulation of CP in spines not only controls the actin dynamics underlying the formation of stable postsynaptic spine structures, but also plays an important role in the assembly of the postsynaptic apparatus underlying synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Myers
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yanjie Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Patrick McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - John A. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James Q. Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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8
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Ortega-de San Luis C, Ryan TJ. Understanding the physical basis of memory: Molecular mechanisms of the engram. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101866. [PMID: 35346687 PMCID: PMC9065729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory, defined as the storage and use of learned information in the brain, is necessary to modulate behavior and critical for animals to adapt to their environments and survive. Despite being a cornerstone of brain function, questions surrounding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how information is encoded, stored, and recalled remain largely unanswered. One widely held theory is that an engram is formed by a group of neurons that are active during learning, which undergoes biochemical and physical changes to store information in a stable state, and that are later reactivated during recall of the memory. In the past decade, the development of engram labeling methodologies has proven useful to investigate the biology of memory at the molecular and cellular levels. Engram technology allows the study of individual memories associated with particular experiences and their evolution over time, with enough experimental resolution to discriminate between different memory processes: learning (encoding), consolidation (the passage from short-term to long-term memories), and storage (the maintenance of memory in the brain). Here, we review the current understanding of memory formation at a molecular and cellular level by focusing on insights provided using engram technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ortega-de San Luis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Addiction-induced plasticity in underlying neural circuits. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1605-1615. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Jenkins S, Harker A, Gibb R. Distinct sex-dependent effects of maternal preconception nicotine and enrichment on the early development of rat offspring brain and behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107062. [PMID: 34998861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Developmental nicotine exposure is harmful to offspring. Whereas much is known about the consequences of prenatal nicotine exposure, relatively little is understood about how maternal preconception nicotine impacts the next generation. Positive experiences, such as environmental enrichment/complexity, have considerable potential to improve developmental outcomes and even treat and prevent drug addiction. Therefore, the current study sought to identify how maternal exposure to moderate levels of nicotine prior to conception impacts offspring development, and if the presumably negative consequence of nicotine could be reversed by concurrent exposure to an enriched environment. We treated female Long Evans rats with nicotine in their drinking water (15 mg nicotine salt/L) for seven weeks while residing in either standard or enriched conditions. Both experiences occurred exclusively prior to mating. Nicotine exposure reduced dam fertility by ~20% (p = .06). Females reared their own litters, and offspring were tested in two assessments of early development: negative geotaxis and open field. Offspring were euthanized at weaning (P21), and their brains were processed with Golgi-Cox solution to allow quantification of dendritic spine density. Results indicate that neither maternal nicotine or enrichment had an impact on maternal care, but male offspring were impaired at negative geotaxis due to maternal nicotine, female offspring showed altered open field exploration due to maternal enrichment, and offspring of both sexes had increased spine density in OFC due to maternal enrichment. Therefore, this experiment provides novel insights into the unique, sex-dependent consequences of maternal preconception nicotine and enrichment on the early development of rat behavior and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Jenkins
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Allonna Harker
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Robbin Gibb
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
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11
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Evrard MR, Li M, Shen H, Smith SS. Preventing adolescent synaptic pruning in mouse prelimbic cortex via local knockdown of α4βδ GABA A receptors increases anxiety response in adulthood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21059. [PMID: 34702942 PMCID: PMC8548505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is increasingly reported, especially in adolescent females. The etiology is largely unknown, which limits effective treatment. Layer 5 prelimbic cortex (L5PL) increases anxiety responses but undergoes adolescent synaptic pruning, raising the question of the impact of pruning on anxiety. Here we show that preventing L5PL pruning increases anxiety in response to an aversive event in adolescent and adult female mice. Spine density of Golgi-stained neurons decreased ~ 63% from puberty (~ PND35, vaginal opening) to post-puberty (PND56, P < 0.0001). Expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) transiently increased tenfold in L5PL at puberty (P < 0.00001), but decreased post-pubertally. Both global and local knockdown of these receptors during puberty prevented pruning, increasing spine density post-pubertally (P < 0.0001), an effect reversed by blocking NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Pubertal expression of the NMDAR-dependent spine protein kalirin7 decreased (50%, P < 0.0001), an effect prevented by α4 knock-out, suggesting that α4βδ-induced reductions in kalirin7 underlie pruning. Increased spine density due to local α4 knockdown at puberty decreased open arm time on the elevated plus maze post-pubertally (62%, P < 0.0001) in response to an aversive stimulus, suggesting that increases in L5PL synapses increase anxiety responses. These findings suggest that prelimbic synaptic pruning is necessary to limit anxiety in adulthood and may suggest novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Evrard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,College of Arts and Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sheryl S Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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12
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Robbins M, Clayton E, Kaminski Schierle GS. Synaptic tau: A pathological or physiological phenomenon? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:149. [PMID: 34503576 PMCID: PMC8428049 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the synaptic aspects of Tau pathology occurring during Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how this may relate to memory impairment, a major hallmark of AD. Whilst the clinical diagnosis of AD patients is a loss of working memory and long-term declarative memory, the histological diagnosis is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau and Amyloid-beta plaques. Tau pathology spreads through synaptically connected neurons to impair synaptic function preceding the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, axonal retraction and cell death. Alongside synaptic pathology, recent data suggest that Tau has physiological roles in the pre- or post- synaptic compartments. Thus, we have seen a shift in the research focus from Tau as a microtubule-stabilising protein in axons, to Tau as a synaptic protein with roles in accelerating spine formation, dendritic elongation, and in synaptic plasticity coordinating memory pathways. We collate here the myriad of emerging interactions and physiological roles of synaptic Tau, and discuss the current evidence that synaptic Tau contributes to pathology in AD.
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LIM-Kinases in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Brain Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082079. [PMID: 34440848 PMCID: PMC8391678 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory require structural and functional modifications of synaptic connections, and synaptic deficits are believed to underlie many brain disorders. The LIM-domain-containing protein kinases (LIMK1 and LIMK2) are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton by affecting the actin-binding protein, cofilin. In addition, LIMK1 is implicated in the regulation of gene expression by interacting with the cAMP-response element-binding protein. Accumulating evidence indicates that LIMKs are critically involved in brain function and dysfunction. In this paper, we will review studies on the roles and underlying mechanisms of LIMKs in the regulation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. We will also discuss the involvement of LIMKs in the regulation of the dendritic spine, the structural basis of synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. Finally, we will discuss recent progress on investigations of LIMKs in neurological and mental disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Williams–Beuren syndrome, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders.
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14
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Xu D, Yang P, Yang ZJ, Li QG, Ouyang YT, Yu T, Shangguan JH, Wan YY, Jiang LP, Qu XH, Han XJ. Blockage of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser579 protects neurons against Aβ 1‑42‑induced degeneration. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:657. [PMID: 34278489 PMCID: PMC8299198 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common types of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, is pathologically characterized by the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Among Aβ peptides, Aβ1–42 induces neuronal toxicity and neurodegeneration. In our previous studies, Cdk5 was found to regulate Aβ1–42-induced mitochondrial fission via the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at Ser579. However, whether blockage of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser579 protects neurons against Aβ1–42-induced degeneration remains to be elucidated. Thus, the aim the present study was to examine the effect of mutant Drp1-S579A on neurodegeneration and its underlying mechanism. First, the phosphorylation-defect (phospho-defect) mutant, Lenti-Drp1-S579A was constructed. Phospho-defect Drp1-S579A expression was detected in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons infected with Lenti-Drp1-S579A using western blotting and it was found to successfully attenuate the phosphorylation of endogenous Drp1 at Ser579. In primary neuronal cultures, the neuronal processes were evaluated under microscopy. Treatment with 10 µM Aβ1–42 significantly decreased dendritic density and length, spine outgrowth and synapse number. As expected, infection of neurons with Lenti-Drp1-S579A efficiently alleviated the inhibitory effect of Aβ1–42 on neurite outgrowth and synapse density. In addition, infection with Lenti-Drp1-S579A abolished the cleavage of caspase-3 and apoptosis in neurons exposed to Aβ1–42. Thus, the current data demonstrated that blockage of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser579 may be an effective strategy to protect neurons against Aβ1–42-induced degeneration and apoptosis. These findings underline the therapeutic potential of targeting Drp1 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Gen Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Tong Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Shangguan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Wan
- Department of Intra‑Hospital Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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15
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Wong EL, Strohm A, Atlas J, Lamantia C, Majewska AK. Dynamics of microglia and dendritic spines in early adolescent cortex after developmental alcohol exposure. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:786-804. [PMID: 34228891 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder patients suffer from many cognitive disabilities. These include impaired auditory, visual, and tactile sensory information processing, making it more difficult for these patients to learn to navigate social scenarios. Rodent studies have shown that alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt (BGS) can lead to acute neuronal apoptosis and an immunological response by microglia in the somatosensory cortex. Since microglia have critical physiological functions, including the support of excitatory synapse remodeling via interactions with dendritic spines, we sought to understand whether BGS alcohol exposure has long-term effects on microglial or dendritic spine dynamics. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy in 4-5 week old mice, we evaluated microglial functions such as process motility, the response to tissue injury, and the dynamics of physical interactions between microglial processes and dendritic spines. We also investigated potential differences in the morphology, density, or dynamics of dendritic spines in layer I/II primary sensory cortex of control and BGS alcohol exposed mice. We found that microglial process motility and contact with dendritic spines were not altered after BGS alcohol exposure. While the response of microglial processes toward tissue injury was not significantly altered by prior alcohol exposure, there was a trend suggesting that alcohol early in life may prime microglia to respond more quickly to secondary injury. Spine density, morphology, stability, and remodeling over time were not perturbed after BGS alcohol exposure. We demonstrate that after BGS alcohol exposure, the physiological functions of microglia and excitatory neurons remain intact in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa L Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, US.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, US
| | - Alexandra Strohm
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, US
| | - Jason Atlas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, US
| | - Cassandra Lamantia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, US
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, US.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, US
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16
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Nguyen ATM, Quach TVB, Kotha P, Chien SY, MacDonald IJ, Lane HY, Tu CH, Lin JG, Chen YH. Electroacupuncture prevents cocaine-induced conditioned place preference reinstatement and attenuates ΔFosB and GluR2 expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13694. [PMID: 34211013 PMCID: PMC8249658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been used for treating drug addiction since the 1970s, but little is known about the mechanisms by which acupuncture affects drug cue-induced relapse. The transcription factor delta-FosB (ΔFosB) plays a critical role in behavior and pathology after chronic use of cocaine. ΔFosB regulates glutamate receptor signaling and dendritic spine morphology in animal models. This experimental study compared the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoints LI4 and LI11 with those of another potentially beneficial intervention, gabapentin (GBP), alone or in combination, on reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and levels of ΔFosB and glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2) expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). EA at LI4 and LI11 significantly prevented cue-induced cocaine CPP reinstatement, whereas needle insertion without electrical stimulation at these acupoints had no such effect. EA also significantly attenuated cocaine-induced increases in ΔFosB and GluR2 expression in the NAc. Unexpectedly, these effects were reversed when GBP was combined with EA. Treatment with EA at LI4 and LI11 prevented cocaine-induced increases in dendritic spine density in the NAc core and shell. Our results suggest that EA at LI4 and LI11 may prevent cocaine relapse by modulating ΔFosB and GluR2 expression, as well as dendritic spine density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai T M Nguyen
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tran V B Quach
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peddanna Kotha
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Iona J MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Ma J, Gao Y, Tang W, Huang W, Tang Y. Fluoxetine Protects against Dendritic Spine Loss in Middle-aged APPswe/PSEN1dE9 Double Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:93-103. [PMID: 32053075 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200213095419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with dendritic spine loss, especially in the hippocampus. Fluoxetine (FLX) has been shown to improve cognition in the early stage of AD and to be associated with diminishing synapse degeneration in the hippocampus. However, little is known about whether FLX affects the pathogenesis of AD in the middle-tolate stage and whether its effects are correlated with the amelioration of hippocampal dendritic dysfunction. Previously, it has been observed that FLX improves the spatial learning ability of middleaged APP/PS1 mice. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we further characterized the impact of FLX on dendritic spines in the hippocampus of middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. RESULTS It has been found that the numbers of dendritic spines in dentate gyrus (DG), CA1 and CA2/3 of hippocampus were significantly increased by FLX. Meanwhile, FLX effectively attenuated hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser396 and elevated protein levels of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) and synapsin-1 (SYN-1) in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the enhanced learning ability observed in FLX-treated middle-aged APP/PS1 mice might be associated with remarkable mitigation of hippocampal dendritic spine pathology by FLX and suggested that FLX might be explored as a new strategy for therapy of AD in the middle-to-late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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18
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Levran O, Randesi M, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. OPRD1 SNPs associated with opioid addiction are cis-eQTLs for the phosphatase and actin regulator 4 gene, PHACTR4, a mediator of cytoskeletal dynamics. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34031368 PMCID: PMC8144180 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several OPRD1 intronic variants were associated with opioid addiction (OD) in a population-specific manner. This follow-up study aims to further characterize the OPRD1 haplotype pattern of the risk variants in different populations and apply in silico analysis to identify potential causal variants. A population-specific haplotype pattern was revealed based on six OPRD1 eQTL SNPs and five common haplotypes were identified in a sample of European ancestry (CEU). A European-specific haplotype ('Hap 3') that includes SNPs previously associated with OD and is tagged by SNP rs2236861 is more common in subjects with OD. It is quite common (10%) in CEU but is absent in the African sample (YRI) and extends upstream of OPRD1. SNP rs2236857 is most probably a non-causal variant in LD with the causal SNP/s in a population-specific manner. The study provides an explanation for the lack of association in African Americans, despite its high frequency in this population. OD samples homozygous for 'Hap 3' were reanalyzed using a denser coverage of the region and revealed at least 25 potentially regulatory SNPs in high LD. Notably, GTEx data indicate that some of the SNPs are eQTLs for the upstream phosphatase and actin regulator 4 (PHACTR4), in the cortex, and others are eQTLs for OPRD1 and the upstream lncRNA ENSG00000270605, in the cerebellum. The study highlights the limitation of single SNP analysis and the sensitivity of association studies of OPRD1 to a genetic background. It proposes a long-range functional connection between OPRD1 and PHACTR4. PHACTR4, a mediator of cytoskeletal dynamics, may contribute to drug addiction by modulating synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Matthew Randesi
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA ,Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Las Vegas, NV USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
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19
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Lippman-Bell JJ, Handy M, Nieder CG, Getzfread M, Jensen FE. Altered hippocampal dendritic spine maturation after hypoxia-induced seizures in neonatal rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 113:103629. [PMID: 34015497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive comorbidities often follow early-life seizures (ELS), especially in the setting of autism and other neurodevelopmental syndromes. However, there is an incomplete understanding of whether neuronal and synaptic development are concomitantly dysregulated. We have previously shown that hypoxia-induced seizures (HS) in postnatal day (P)10 rats increase acute and later-life hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission and spontaneous recurrent seizures, and impair cognition and behavior. As dendritic spines critically regulate synaptic function, we hypothesized that ELS can induce developmentally specific changes in dendritic spine maturation. At intervals during one month following HS in P10 rats, we assessed dendritic spine development on pyramidal neurons in the stratum radiatum of hippocampal area CA1. Compared to control rats in which spine density significantly decreased from P10 to early adulthood (P38), post-seizure rats failed to show a developmental decrease in spine density, and spines from P38 post-seizure rats appeared more immature-shaped (long, thin). In addition, compared to P38 control rats, post-seizure P38 rats expressed significantly more synaptic PSD-95, a marker of mature synapses. These changes were preceded by a transient increase in hippocampal expression of cofilin phosphorylated at Ser3, representing a decrease in cofilin activity. These results suggest that early-life seizures may impair normal dendritic spine maturation and pruning in CA1 during development, resulting in an excess of less efficient synapses, via activity-dependent modification of actin-regulating proteins such as cofilin. Given that multiple neurodevelopmental disorders show similar failures in developmental spine pruning, the current findings may represent a deficit in structural plasticity that could be a component of a mechanism leading to later-life cognitive consequences associated with early-life seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn J Lippman-Bell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Marcus Handy
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Cassidy G Nieder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Mollie Getzfread
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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20
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Xu MS, Yin LM, Cheng AF, Zhang YJ, Zhang D, Tao MM, Deng YY, Ge LB, Shan CL. Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Is Associated With Upregulation of Cofilin-1 in the Motor Cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634347. [PMID: 33777942 PMCID: PMC7991082 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of death. Reperfusion is a critical stage after thrombolysis or thrombectomy, accompanied by oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and defects in synapse structure. The process is closely related to the dephosphorylation of actin-binding proteins (e.g., cofilin-1) by specific phosphatases. Although studies of the molecular mechanisms of the actin cytoskeleton have been ongoing for decades, limited studies have directly investigated reperfusion-induced reorganization of actin-binding protein, and little is known about the gene expression of actin-binding proteins. The exact mechanism is still uncertain. The motor cortex is very important to save nerve function; therefore, we chose the penumbra to study the relationship between cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and actin-binding protein. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion, we confirmed reperfusion and motor function deficit by cerebral blood flow and gait analysis. PCR was used to screen the high expression mRNAs in penumbra of the motor cortex. The high expression of cofilin in this region was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). The change in cofilin-1 expression appears at the same time as gait imbalance, especially maximum variation and left front swing. It is suggested that cofilin-1 may partially affect motor cortex function. This result provides a potential mechanism for understanding cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shu Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Miao Yin
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Fang Cheng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-Miao Tao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Yi Deng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Bao Ge
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Thompson BL, Oscar-Berman M, Kaplan GB. Opioid-induced structural and functional plasticity of medium-spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:417-430. [PMID: 33152423 PMCID: PMC7855607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing clinical condition with tremendous morbidity and mortality that frequently persists, despite treatment, due to an individual's underlying psychological, neurobiological, and genetic vulnerabilities. Evidence suggests that these vulnerabilities may have neurochemical, cellular, and molecular bases. Key neuroplastic events within the mesocorticolimbic system that emerge through chronic exposure to opioids may have a determinative influence on behavioral symptoms associated with OUD. In particular, structural and functional alterations in the dendritic spines of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and its dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are believed to facilitate these behavioral sequelae. Additionally, glutamatergic neurons from the prefrontal cortex, the basolateral amygdala, the hippocampus, and the thalamus project to these same MSNs, providing an enriched target for synaptic plasticity. Here, we review literature related to neuroadaptations in NAc MSNs from dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in OUD. We also describe new findings related to transcriptional, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms in MSN plasticity in the different stages of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, 80 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Gary B Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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22
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Cui YH, Fu A, Wang XQ, Tu BX, Chen KZ, Wang YK, Hu QG, Wang LF, Hu ZL, Pan PH, Li F, Bi FF, Li CQ. Hippocampal LASP1 ameliorates chronic stress-mediated behavioral responses in a mouse model of unpredictable chronic mild stress. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108410. [PMID: 33242526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has revealed that abnormalities in synaptic plasticity play important roles during the process of depression. LASP1 (LIM and SH3 domain protein 1), a member of actin-binding proteins, has been shown to be associated with the regulation of synaptic plasticity. However, the role of LASP1 in the regulation of mood is still unclear. Here, using an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) paradigm, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of LASP1 were decreased in the hippocampus of stressed mice and that UCMS-induced down-regulation of LASP1 was abolished by chronic administration of fluoxetine. Adenosine-associated virus-mediated hippocampal LASP1 overexpression alleviated the UCMS-induced behavioral results of forced swimming test and sucrose preference test in stressed mice. It also restored the dendritic spine density, elevated the levels of AKT (a serine/threonine protein kinase), phosphorylated-AKT, insulin-like growth factor 2, and postsynaptic density protein 95. These findings suggest that LASP1 alleviates UCMS-provoked behavioral defects, which may be mediated by an enhanced dendritic spine density and more activated AKT-dependent LASP1 signaling, pointing to the antidepressant role of LASP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Cui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ao Fu
- Clinic Medicine of 5-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Center for Neuroscience and behavior, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Bo-Xuan Tu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Kang-Zhi Chen
- Clinic Medicine of 8-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Kai Wang
- Clinic Medicine of 8-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qiong-Gui Hu
- Clinic Medicine of 8-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lai-Fa Wang
- Center for Neuroscience and behavior, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Pin-Hua Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fang-Fang Bi
- Department of Neurology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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23
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Ben Zablah Y, Merovitch N, Jia Z. The Role of ADF/Cofilin in Synaptic Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594998. [PMID: 33282872 PMCID: PMC7688896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that ADF/cofilin also play important roles in neuronal structure and function, including long-term potentiation and depression. These are the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and are widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. ADF/cofilin regulate synaptic function through their effects on dendritic spines and the trafficking of glutamate receptors, the principal mediator of excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Regulation of ADF/cofilin involves various signaling pathways converging on LIM domain kinases and slingshot phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate ADF/cofilin, respectively. Actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin activity is also regulated by other actin-binding proteins, activity-dependent subcellular distribution and protein translation. Abnormalities in ADF/cofilin have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, investigating the roles of ADF/cofilin in the brain is not only important for understanding the fundamental processes governing neuronal structure and function, but also may provide potential therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Merovitch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Adegbola A, Lutz R, Nikkola E, Strom SP, Picker J, Wynshaw-Boris A. Disruption of CTNND2, encoding delta-catenin, causes a penetrant attention deficit disorder and myopia. HGG ADVANCES 2020; 1:100007. [PMID: 33718894 PMCID: PMC7948131 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2020.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology and genetic mechanisms. A balanced chromosomal translocation interrupts CTNND2 in several members of a family with profound attentional deficit and myopia, and disruption of the gene was found in a separate unrelated individual with ADHD and myopia. CTNND2 encodes a brain-specific member of the adherens junction complex essential for postsynaptic and dendritic development, a site of potential pathophysiology in attentional disorders. Therefore, we propose that the severe and highly penetrant nature of the ADHD phenotype in affected individuals identifies CTNND2 as a potential gateway to ADHD pathophysiology similar to the DISC1 translocation in psychosis or AUTS2 in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi Adegbola
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard Lutz
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Picker
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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25
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Okino E, Morita S, Hoshikawa Y, Tsukahara S. The glutamatergic system in the preoptic area is involved in the retention of maternal behavior in maternally experienced female rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 120:104792. [PMID: 32653768 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternally experienced female rats show high maternal behavior performance for a long time after acquisition of maternal experience, although the mechanisms responsible for the retention of maternal behavior are not well understood. The medial preoptic area (MPOA) plays an important role in the onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in female rats. We aimed to determine whether maternal experience affects the glutamatergic system in the MPOA for the retention of maternal behavior in female rats. First, to determine the effects of maternal experience in the postpartum period on dendritic spines, which are the postsynaptic component of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission, we examined the number of dendritic spines on MPOA neurons of primiparous mothers that had experienced mothering until weaning (sufficiently experienced mothers) and of primiparous mothers that were separated from their pups on the day of parturition (insufficiently experienced mothers). The number of mushroom spines, but not other types of spine, was significantly greater in the sufficiently experienced mothers compared with that in the insufficiently experienced mothers. Next, to determine the effects of maternal experience in the postpartum period on the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors, we measured the mRNA levels of AMPA receptor subunits (GluA1-A4) and NMDA receptor subunits (GluN1, GluN2A-2D) in the MPOA of primiparous female rats that were kept with pups until brain sampling. As a result, we found that the mRNA levels of GluA3 and GluN2B were significantly higher in primiparous females on the day of weaning compared with those in primiparous females on the day of parturition. Additionally, we examined the effects of CNQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist, and MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, injected into the MPOA on maternal behavior in maternally experienced primiparous female rats. Maternal behavioral activity was significantly reduced when CNQX or MK-801 was injected into the MPOA. These findings indicate that long-term maternal experience in the postpartum period up-regulates glutamatergic neurotransmission by increasing the number of mushroom spines and glutamate receptor expression, which may be involved in the retention of maternal behavior in maternally experienced female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Okino
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Sayaka Morita
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yumi Hoshikawa
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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26
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Runge K, Cardoso C, de Chevigny A. Dendritic Spine Plasticity: Function and Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00036
expr 823669561 + 872784217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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27
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Runge K, Cardoso C, de Chevigny A. Dendritic Spine Plasticity: Function and Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:36. [PMID: 32982715 PMCID: PMC7484486 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small protrusions studding neuronal dendrites, first described in 1888 by Ramón y Cajal using his famous Golgi stainings. Around 50 years later the advance of electron microscopy (EM) confirmed Cajal's intuition that spines constitute the postsynaptic site of most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. The finding that spine density decreases between young and adult ages in fixed tissues suggested that spines are dynamic. It is only a decade ago that two-photon microscopy (TPM) has unambiguously proven the dynamic nature of spines, through the repeated imaging of single spines in live animals. Spine dynamics comprise formation, disappearance, and stabilization of spines and are modulated by neuronal activity and developmental age. Here, we review several emerging concepts in the field that start to answer the following key questions: What are the external signals triggering spine dynamics and the molecular mechanisms involved? What is, in return, the role of spine dynamics in circuit-rewiring, learning, and neuropsychiatric disorders?
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Runge
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine de Chevigny
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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28
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Chen F, Polsinelli B, Nava N, Treccani G, Elfving B, Müller HK, Musazzi L, Popoli M, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G. Structural Plasticity and Molecular Markers in Hippocampus of Male Rats after Acute Stress. Neuroscience 2020; 438:100-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Translating preclinical findings in clinically relevant new antipsychotic targets: focus on the glutamatergic postsynaptic density. Implications for treatment resistant schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:795-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Nakashima S, Morishita M, Ueno K, Tsukahara S. Region-specific effects of copulation on dendritic spine morphology and gene expression related to spinogenesis in the medial preoptic nucleus of male rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 108:1-13. [PMID: 31174081 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) plays an essential role in the control of male sexual behavior. In rats, the central part of the MPN (MPNc) contains a sexually dimorphic nucleus exhibiting male-biased morphological sex differences. Although it has been suggested that the MPNc of male rats functions to induce sexual arousal, the mechanisms by which male rats are sexually aroused to successfully achieve copulation are poorly understood. We recently showed that increased neuronal activity in the MPNc of male rats during copulation is higher at their first copulation compared with later copulations, indicating that a plastic change in excitatory synaptic transmission occurs with copulatory experience. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that changes to dendritic spines at structural and molecular levels occur following copulatory experience. First, we examined the effects of at least two copulations on the morphology of dendrites and spines in the MPNc and in the lateral and medial parts of the MPN (MPNlm) of male rats. In the MPNc, the total number of dendrites and their branches, and the surface area of dendrites were not significantly affected by copulation. However, the copulatory experience, specifically experience of ejaculation, significantly reduced the density of mushroom spines but not of filopodia, thin or stubby spines in the MPNc. In the MPNlm, the copulatory experience, specifically experience of ejaculation, significantly increased the surface area of dendrites, although there was no significant effect of copulation on spine density. Next, we measured the mRNA levels of genes encoding actin-binding proteins related to spinogenesis after male rats had copulated for their first and second times. Copulatory stimuli, especially stimuli from ejaculation, significantly reduced the mRNA levels of drebrin A and spinophilin in the MPNc but not in the MPNlm. These results indicate that copulatory experiences, especially experience of ejaculation, reduce spine density in the MPNc of male rats, which may result, in part, from downregulation of genes encoding actin-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Nakashima
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morishita
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kanna Ueno
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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31
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Wang J, Kou XL, Chen C, Wang M, Qi C, Wang J, You WY, Hu G, Chen J, Gao J. Hippocampal Wdr1 Deficit Impairs Learning and Memory by Perturbing F-actin Depolymerization in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4194-4207. [PMID: 30590446 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WD repeat protein 1 (Wdr1), known as a cofactor of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin, is conserved among eukaryotes, and it plays a critical role in the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, the function of Wdr1 in the central nervous system remains elusive. Using Wdr1 conditional knockout mice, we demonstrated that Wdr1 plays a significant role in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory. The knockout mice exhibited altered reversal spatial learning and fear responses. Moreover, the Wdr1 CKO mice showed significant abnormalities in spine morphology and synaptic function, including enhanced hippocampal long-term potentiation and impaired long-term depression. Furthermore, we observed that Wdr1 deficiency perturbed actin rearrangement through regulation of the ADF/cofilin activity. Taken together, these results indicate that Wdr1 in the hippocampal CA1 area plays a critical role in actin dynamics in associative learning and postsynaptic receptor availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Kou
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cui Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Yan You
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Civciristov S, Huang C, Liu B, Marquez EA, Gondin AB, Schittenhelm RB, Ellisdon AM, Canals M, Halls ML. Ligand-dependent spatiotemporal signaling profiles of the μ-opioid receptor are controlled by distinct protein-interaction networks. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16198-16213. [PMID: 31515267 PMCID: PMC6827304 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-dependent differences in the regulation and internalization of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) have been linked to the severity of adverse effects that limit opiate use in pain management. MOR activation by morphine or [d-Ala2,N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) causes differences in spatiotemporal signaling dependent on MOR distribution at the plasma membrane. Morphine stimulation of MOR activates a Gαi/o–Gβγ–protein kinase C (PKC) α phosphorylation pathway that limits MOR distribution and is associated with a sustained increase in cytosolic extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. In contrast, DAMGO causes a redistribution of the MOR at the plasma membrane (before receptor internalization) that facilitates transient activation of cytosolic and nuclear ERK. Here, we used proximity biotinylation proteomics to dissect the different protein-interaction networks that underlie the spatiotemporal signaling of morphine and DAMGO. We found that DAMGO, but not morphine, activates Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). Both Rac1 and nuclear ERK activity depended on the scaffolding proteins IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein-1 (IQGAP1) and Crk-like (CRKL) protein. In contrast, morphine increased the proximity of the MOR to desmosomal proteins, which form specialized and highly-ordered membrane domains. Knockdown of two desmosomal proteins, junction plakoglobin or desmocolin-1, switched the morphine spatiotemporal signaling profile to mimic that of DAMGO, resulting in a transient increase in nuclear ERK activity. The identification of the MOR-interaction networks that control differential spatiotemporal signaling reported here is an important step toward understanding how signal compartmentalization contributes to opioid-induced responses, including anti-nociception and the development of tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srgjan Civciristov
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bonan Liu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elsa A Marquez
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arisbel B Gondin
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Ellisdon
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Parato J, Shen H, Smith SS. α4βδ GABA A Receptors Trigger Synaptic Pruning and Reduce Dendritic Length of Female Mouse CA3 Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells at Puberty. Neuroscience 2019; 398:23-36. [PMID: 30496825 PMCID: PMC6411036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic pruning during adolescence is critical for optimal cognition. The CA3 hippocampus contains unique spine types and plays a pivotal role in pattern separation and seizure generation, where sex differences exist, but adolescent pruning has only been studied in the male. Thus, for the present study we assessed pruning of specific spine types in the CA3 hippocampus during adolescence and investigated a possible mechanism in the female mouse. To this end, we used Golgi-impregnated brains from pubertal (∼PND 35, assessed by vaginal opening) and post-pubertal (PND 56) mice. Spine density was assessed from z-stack (0.1-μm steps) images taken using a Nikon DS-U3 camera through a Nikon Eclipse Ci-L microscope and analyzed with NIS Elements. Spine density decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during adolescence, with 50-60% decreases in mushroom and stubby spine-types (P < 0.05, ∼PND35 vs. PND56) in non-proestrous mice. This was associated with decreases in kalirin-7, a spine protein which stabilizes the cytoskeleton and is required for spine maintenance. Because our previous findings suggest that pubertal increases in α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) trigger pruning in CA1, we investigated their role in CA3. α4 expression in CA3 hippocampus increased 4-fold at puberty (P < 0.05), assessed by immunostaining and verified electrophysiologically by an increased response to gaboxadol (100 nM), which is selective for α4βδ. Knock-out of α4 prevented the pubertal decrease in kalirin-7 and synaptic pruning and also increased the dendritic length, demonstrating a functional link. These data suggest that pubertal α4βδ GABARs alter dendritic morphology and trigger pruning in female CA3 hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Parato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sheryl S Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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34
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Hong F, Zhou Y, Ji J, Zhuang J, Sheng L, Wang L. Nano-TiO 2 Inhibits Development of the Central Nervous System and Its Mechanism in Offspring Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11767-11774. [PMID: 30269504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nano titanium dioxide (Nano-TiO2) has been applied in food packaging systems and food additives, but it may cause potential neurotoxicity for human and animals. In our study, the effects of nano-TiO2 exposure during pregnancy/lactation on the development of the central nervous system in offspring mice were examined and its molecular mechanism involving Rho family was investigated. Our findings showed that pregnancy/lactation exposure to nano-TiO2 resulted in thinning of cerebral and cerebellar cortex, decrease in number of neurons per unit area of cerebrum, edema and nuclear condensation, dysplasia of neurites in hippocampal pyramidal cells, thinning in pyramidal cell layer in hippocampus, and decrease in learning and memory of offspring mice. Furthermore, expressions of Rac1 and Cdc42 involved in axon and dendritic development were decreased, whereas RhoA expression and ratio of RhoA/Rac1 were increased in offspring brain. It implies that exposure to nano-TiO2 during pregnancy/lactation could result in brain retardation and cognitive impairment in offspring mice, which was closely related to alterations in the expression of Rho protein family. Therefore, application of nano-TiO2 in daily life should be performed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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35
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Zhou Y, Huang L, Zheng W, An J, Zhan Z, Wang L, Chen Z, Liu L. Recurrent nonsevere hypoglycemia exacerbates imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis leading to synapse injury and cognitive deficit in diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E973-E986. [PMID: 29969317 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00133.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent nonsevere hypoglycemia (RH) can lead to cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes, although the involved mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying RH-induced cognitive deficits with a focus on mitochondrial homeostasis. To establish a model that mimicked RH in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) receiving insulin therapy, streptozotocin-induced mice with T1DM were subjected to recurrent, twice-weekly insulin injections over 4 wk. We found that RH disrupted the mitochondrial fine structure, reduced the number of mitochondria, and upregulated the expression of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy markers, including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein-3 (BNIP3), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3) in the hippocampus of T1DM mice. Moreover, RH and chronic hyperglycemia synergistically promoted the production of reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed mitochondrial energy metabolism. Under diabetic conditions, RH also altered the synaptic morphology and reduced the expression of synaptic marker proteins. Long-term recognition memory and spatial memory, assessed with the Morris water maze test, were also impaired. However, these effects were largely prevented by mitochondrial division inhibitor 1, a potent and selective Drp1 inhibitor. Thus, it appears that RH exacerbates the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, leading to synapse injury and cognitive deficits in diabetes. The adjustment of mitochondrial homeostasis could serve as an effective neuroprotective approach when addressing low blood sugar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lishan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Wenting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jingjing An
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
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36
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Rendall AR, Perrino PA, Buscarello AN, Fitch RH. Shank3B mutant mice display pitch discrimination enhancements and learning deficits. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 72:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Rendall
- Yale University School of Medicine, Pediatrics464 Congress AveNew Haven06520‐8055CTUSA
- University of Connecticut, Psychology‐Behavioral Neuroscience406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020 StorrsMansfield06269CTUSA
| | - Peter A. Perrino
- University of Connecticut, Psychology‐Behavioral Neuroscience406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020 StorrsMansfield06269CTUSA
| | - Alexzandrea N. Buscarello
- University of Connecticut, Psychology‐Behavioral Neuroscience406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020 StorrsMansfield06269CTUSA
| | - R. Holly Fitch
- University of Connecticut, Psychology‐Behavioral Neuroscience406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020 StorrsMansfield06269CTUSA
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AhR Deletion Promotes Aberrant Morphogenesis and Synaptic Activity of Adult-Generated Granule Neurons and Impairs Hippocampus-Dependent Memory. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0370-17. [PMID: 30225360 PMCID: PMC6140122 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0370-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn granule cells are continuously produced in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus throughout life. Once these cells mature, they integrate into pre-existing circuits modulating hippocampus-dependent memory. Subsequently, mechanisms controlling generation and maturation of newborn cells are essential for proper hippocampal function. Therefore, we have studied the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated bHLH-PAS transcription factor, in hippocampus-dependent memory and granule neuronal morphology and function using genetic loss-of-function approaches based on constitutive and inducible-nestin AhR–/– mice. The results presented here show that the impaired hippocampus-dependent memory in AhR absence is not due to its effects on neurogenesis but to aberrant dendritic arborization and an increased spine density, albeit with a lower number of mature mushrooms spines in newborn granule cells, a finding that is associated with an immature electrophysiological phenotype. Together, our data strongly suggest that AhR plays a pivotal role in the regulation of hippocampal function, by controlling hippocampal granule neuron morphology and synaptic maturation.
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Baglietto-Vargas D, Prieto GA, Limon A, Forner S, Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ, Ikemura K, Ager RR, Medeiros R, Trujillo-Estrada L, Martini AC, Kitazawa M, Davila JC, Cotman CW, Gutierrez A, LaFerla FM. Impaired AMPA signaling and cytoskeletal alterations induce early synaptic dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12791. [PMID: 29877034 PMCID: PMC6052400 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory and causes cognitive and psychiatric deficits. New evidences indicate that AD is conceptualized as a disease of synaptic failure, although the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these defects remain to be elucidated. Determining the timing and nature of the early synaptic deficits is critical for understanding the progression of the disease and for identifying effective targets for therapeutic intervention. Using single-synapse functional and morphological analyses, we find that AMPA signaling, which mediates fast glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), is compromised early in the disease course in an AD mouse model. The decline in AMPA signaling is associated with changes in actin cytoskeleton integrity, which alters the number and the structure of dendritic spines. AMPA dysfunction and spine alteration correlate with the presence of soluble but not insoluble Aβ and tau species. In particular, we demonstrate that these synaptic impairments can be mitigated by Aβ immunotherapy. Together, our data suggest that alterations in AMPA signaling and cytoskeletal processes occur early in AD. Most important, these deficits are prevented by Aβ immunotherapy, suggesting that existing therapies, if administered earlier, could confer functional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Gilberto Aleph Prieto
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Carlos J. Rodriguez-Ortiz
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH); University of California; Irvine California
| | - Kenji Ikemura
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Rahasson R. Ager
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research; Queensland Brain Institute; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Alessandra C. Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH); University of California; Irvine California
| | - Jose C. Davila
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Carl W. Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Frank M. LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
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Memantine rescues prenatal citalopram exposure-induced striatal and social abnormalities in mice. Exp Neurol 2018; 307:145-154. [PMID: 29913137 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to citalopram (CTM), an antidepressant drug, has been associated with altered behavior, including autism-like symptoms in both human and rodent offspring. However, the neurological basis underlying these abnormal behaviors is not well understood. Here, we examined behavioral, morphological, and biochemical alterations in the male and female offspring of C57BL/6 mouse mothers that had been exposed to CTM during the last trimester of gestation. We observed abnormal behavior such as anxiety, altered locomotion and disordered social interactions in 2-5 months old offspring with prenatal CTM exposure. Using Golgi-Cox staining, we found that CTM caused significantly reduced dendritic length and number of dendritic branches in striatal neurons, as well as altered subunit levels of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Memantine, a selective NMDAR antagonist, improved prenatal CTM-induced abnormal protein levels and social interaction deficits. These results highlight potential mechanisms underlying the abnormal behavior observed in children who are prenatally exposed to CTM.
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Abstract
The formation of correct synaptic structures and neuronal connections is paramount for normal brain development and a functioning adult brain. The integrin family of cell adhesion receptors and their ligands play essential roles in the control of several processes regulating neuronal connectivity - including neurite outgrowth, the formation and maintenance of synapses, and synaptic plasticity - that are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia. Many ASD- and schizophrenia-associated genes are linked to alterations in the genetic code of integrins and associated signalling pathways. In non-neuronal cells, crosstalk between integrin-mediated adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton, and the regulation of integrin activity (affinity for extracellular ligands) are widely studied in healthy and pathological settings. In contrast, the roles of integrin-linked pathways in the central nervous system remains less well defined. In this Review, we will provide an overview of the known pathways that are regulated by integrin-ECM interaction in developing neurons and in adult brain. We will also describe recent advances in the identification of mechanisms that regulate integrin activity in neurons, and highlight the interesting emerging links between integrins and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lilja
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland
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41
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Shefa U, Kim D, Kim MS, Jeong NY, Jung J. Roles of Gasotransmitters in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1824713. [PMID: 29853837 PMCID: PMC5960547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1824713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is important for maintaining normal neuronal activity and proper neuronal functioning in the nervous system. It is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission or electrical signal transduction to neuronal networks, for sharing essential information among neurons, and for maintaining homeostasis in the body. Moreover, changes in synaptic or neural plasticity are associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The improper maintenance of neural plasticity causes incorrect neurotransmitter transmission, which can also cause neuropsychiatric conditions. Gas neurotransmitters (gasotransmitters), such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), and carbon monoxide (CO), play roles in maintaining synaptic plasticity and in helping to restore such plasticity in the neuronal architecture in the central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, the upregulation or downregulation of these gasotransmitters may cause neuropsychiatric conditions, and their amelioration may restore synaptic plasticity and proper neuronal functioning and thereby improve such conditions. Understanding the specific molecular mechanisms underpinning these effects can help identify ways to treat these neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulfuara Shefa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, 13 Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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AD-Related N-Terminal Truncated Tau Is Sufficient to Recapitulate In Vivo the Early Perturbations of Human Neuropathology: Implications for Immunotherapy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8124-8153. [PMID: 29508283 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The NH2tau 26-44 aa (i.e., NH2htau) is the minimal biologically active moiety of longer 20-22-kDa NH2-truncated form of human tau-a neurotoxic fragment mapping between 26 and 230 amino acids of full-length protein (htau40)-which is detectable in presynaptic terminals and peripheral CSF from patients suffering from AD and other non-AD neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, whether its exogenous administration in healthy nontransgenic mice is able to elicit a neuropathological phenotype resembling human tauopathies has not been yet investigated. We explored the in vivo effects evoked by subchronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of NH2htau or its reverse counterpart into two lines of young (2-month-old) wild-type mice (C57BL/6 and B6SJL). Six days after its accumulation into hippocampal parenchyma, significant impairment in memory/learning performance was detected in NH2htau-treated group in association with reduced synaptic connectivity and neuroinflammatory response. Compromised short-term plasticity in paired-pulse facilitation paradigm (PPF) was detected in the CA3/CA1 synapses from NH2htau-impaired animals along with downregulation in calcineurin (CaN)-stimulated pCREB/c-Fos pathway(s). Importantly, these behavioral, synaptotoxic, and neuropathological effects were independent from the genetic background, occurred prior to frank neuronal loss, and were specific because no alterations were detected in the control group infused with its reverse counterpart. Finally, a 2.0-kDa peptide which biochemically and immunologically resembles the injected NH2htau was endogenously detected in vivo, being present in hippocampal synaptosomal preparations from AD subjects. Given that the identification of the neurotoxic tau species is mandatory to develop a more effective tau-based immunological approach, our evidence can have important translational implications for cure of human tauopathies.
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Yang Y, Fang Z, Dai Y, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhong X, Wang Q, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Wu D, Xu X. Bisphenol-A antagonizes the rapidly modulating effect of DHT on spinogenesis and long-term potentiation of hippocampal neurons. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:567-575. [PMID: 29278848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a common environmental endocrine disruptor, modulates estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic effects throughout the lifespan. Recent studies found more obvious adverse effect of BPA on some neurobehavior in males than that in females. In this study, BPA at 10-100 nM rapidly increased the densities of the dendrite spine and synapse in cultured hippocampal neurons of rats in vitro within 1 h. Co-treatment of BPA (100 nM) with dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 10 nM) or with 17β-E2 (10 nM) completely eliminated the promotion of DHT or 17β-E2 in the densities of the dendritic spine and synapse. Pretreatment of estrogen receptors (ERs) antagonist ICI182,780 but not of androgen receptors (ARs) antagonist flutamide (Flu) for 30min completely blocked BPA-enhanced densities of the dendritic spine and synapse. Pretreatment of flutamide for 30min before BPA and DHT completely rescued BPA-enhanced densities of the dendritic spine and synapse. Furthermore, pretreatment of ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 or p38 inhibitor SB203580 entirely eliminated BPA-induced increases in the densities of the dendritic spine and synapse. Meanwhile, BPA (100 nM) enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) induction of dentate gyrus in hippocampal slices of younger male rats, which was not blocked by co-incubation of flutamide but was inhibited by pretreatment of an P38 inhibitor SB203580. Co-application of BPA with DHT inhibited DHT-suppressed LTP. These results are the first demonstrating the antagonism of BPA to the rapid modification of DHT in synaptic plasticity. However, BPA alone rapidly promotes spinogenesis and synaptic activity through ER instead of AR, and both ERKs and p38 signaling pathways are involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Zhaoqing Fang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Yuhua Dai
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Yufeng Liang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhong
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Yizhong Hu
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Zigui Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Donghong Wu
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China.
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44
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Rajmohan R, Reddy PH. Amyloid-Beta and Phosphorylated Tau Accumulations Cause Abnormalities at Synapses of Alzheimer's disease Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:975-999. [PMID: 27567878 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the loss of synapses and dysfunctions of neurotransmission are more directly tied to disease severity. The role of these lesions in the pathoetiological progression of the disease remains contested. Biochemical, cellular, molecular, and pathological studies provided several lines of evidence and improved our understanding of how Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation may directly harm synapses and alter neurotransmission. In vitro evidence suggests that Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau have both direct and indirect cytotoxic effects that affect neurotransmission, axonal transport, signaling cascades, organelle function, and immune response in ways that lead to synaptic loss and dysfunctions in neurotransmitter release. Observations in preclinical models and autopsy studies support these findings, suggesting that while the pathoetiology of positive lesions remains elusive, their removal may reduce disease severity and progression. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for further investigation of the role of tau in disease progression and its interactions with Aβ and neurotransmitters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajmohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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45
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Romano DR, Pharris MC, Patel NM, Kinzer-Ursem TL. Competitive tuning: Competition's role in setting the frequency-dependence of Ca2+-dependent proteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005820. [PMID: 29107982 PMCID: PMC5690689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of neurological disorders arise from perturbations in biochemical signaling and protein complex formation within neurons. Normally, proteins form networks that when activated produce persistent changes in a synapse’s molecular composition. In hippocampal neurons, calcium ion (Ca2+) flux through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors activates Ca2+/calmodulin signal transduction networks that either increase or decrease the strength of the neuronal synapse, phenomena known as long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD), respectively. The calcium-sensor calmodulin (CaM) acts as a common activator of the networks responsible for both LTP and LTD. This is possible, in part, because CaM binding proteins are “tuned” to different Ca2+ flux signals by their unique binding and activation dynamics. Computational modeling is used to describe the binding and activation dynamics of Ca2+/CaM signal transduction and can be used to guide focused experimental studies. Although CaM binds over 100 proteins, practical limitations cause many models to include only one or two CaM-activated proteins. In this work, we view Ca2+/CaM as a limiting resource in the signal transduction pathway owing to its low abundance relative to its binding partners. With this view, we investigate the effect of competitive binding on the dynamics of CaM binding partner activation. Using an explicit model of Ca2+, CaM, and seven highly-expressed hippocampal CaM binding proteins, we find that competition for CaM binding serves as a tuning mechanism: the presence of competitors shifts and sharpens the Ca2+ frequency-dependence of CaM binding proteins. Notably, we find that simulated competition may be sufficient to recreate the in vivo frequency dependence of the CaM-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Additionally, competition alone (without feedback mechanisms or spatial parameters) could replicate counter-intuitive experimental observations of decreased activation of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II in knockout models of neurogranin. We conclude that competitive tuning could be an important dynamic process underlying synaptic plasticity. Learning and memory formation are likely associated with dynamic fluctuations in the connective strength of neuronal synapses. These fluctuations, called synaptic plasticity, are regulated by calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through ion channels localized to the post-synaptic membrane. Within the post-synapse, the dominant Ca2+ sensor protein, calmodulin (CaM), may activate a variety of downstream binding partners, each contributing to synaptic plasticity outcomes. The conditions at which certain binding partners most strongly activate are increasingly studied using computational models. Nearly all computational studies describe these binding partners in combinations of only one or two CaM binding proteins. In contrast, we combine seven well-studied CaM binding partners into a single model wherein they simultaneously compete for access to CaM. Our dynamic model suggests that competition narrows the window of conditions for optimal activation of some binding partners, mimicking the Ca2+-frequency dependence of some proteins in vivo. Further characterization of CaM-dependent signaling dynamics in neuronal synapses may benefit our understanding of learning and memory formation. Furthermore, we propose that competitive binding may be another framework, alongside feedback and feed-forward loops, signaling motifs, and spatial localization, that can be applied to other signal transduction networks, particularly second messenger cascades, to explain the dynamical behavior of protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Romano
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Pharris
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Neal M. Patel
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cornelia Koeberle S, Tanaka S, Kuriu T, Iwasaki H, Koeberle A, Schulz A, Helbing DL, Yamagata Y, Morrison H, Okabe S. Developmental stage-dependent regulation of spine formation by calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα and Rap1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13409. [PMID: 29042611 PMCID: PMC5645322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha (CaMKIIα) in the expression of long-term synaptic plasticity in the adult brain have been extensively studied. However, how increased CaMKIIα activity controls the maturation of neuronal circuits remains incompletely understood. Herein, we show that pyramidal neurons without CaMKIIα activity upregulate the rate of spine addition, resulting in elevated spine density. Genetic elimination of CaMKIIα activity specifically eliminated the observed maturation-dependent suppression of spine formation. Enhanced spine formation was associated with the stabilization of actin in the spine and could be reversed by increasing the activity of the small GTPase Rap1. CaMKIIα activity was critical in the phosphorylation of synaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein (synGAP), the dispersion of synGAP from postsynaptic sites, and the activation of postsynaptic Rap1. CaMKIIα is already known to be essential in learning and memory, but our findings suggest that CaMKIIα plays an important activity-dependent role in restricting spine density during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveigh Cornelia Koeberle
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuriu
- Department of Neurophysiology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hirohide Iwasaki
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Yoko Yamagata
- Division of Neural Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Helen Morrison
- Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,CREST, JST, Japan.
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47
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Zhou W, Li X, Premont RT. Expanding functions of GIT Arf GTPase-activating proteins, PIX Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GIT-PIX complexes. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:1963-74. [PMID: 27182061 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The GIT proteins, GIT1 and GIT2, are GTPase-activating proteins (inactivators) for the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) small GTP-binding proteins, and function to limit the activity of Arf proteins. The PIX proteins, α-PIX and β-PIX (also known as ARHGEF6 and ARHGEF7, respectively), are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (activators) for the Rho family small GTP-binding protein family members Rac1 and Cdc42. Through their multi-domain structures, GIT and PIX proteins can also function as signaling scaffolds by binding to numerous protein partners. Importantly, the constitutive association of GIT and PIX proteins into oligomeric GIT-PIX complexes allows these two proteins to function together as subunits of a larger structure that coordinates two distinct small GTP-binding protein pathways and serves as multivalent scaffold for the partners of both constituent subunits. Studies have revealed the involvement of GIT and PIX proteins, and of the GIT-PIX complex, in numerous fundamental cellular processes through a wide variety of mechanisms, pathways and signaling partners. In this Commentary, we discuss recent findings in key physiological systems that exemplify current understanding of the function of this important regulatory complex. Further, we draw attention to gaps in crucial information that remain to be filled to allow a better understanding of the many roles of the GIT-PIX complex in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Design, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Lim CS, Alkon DL. Inhibition of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 modulates dendritic arborization and spine maturation of cultured hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6402-6413. [PMID: 28264928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms in synapse formation provides insight into both learning and memory and the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is a protein methyltransferase that negatively regulates synaptic gene expression and inhibits neuronal differentiation. Despite its regulatory function in neurons, little is known about the CARM1 cellular location and its role in dendritic maturation and synapse formation. Here, we examined the effects of CARM1 inhibition on dendritic spine and synapse morphology in the rat hippocampus. CARM1 was localized in hippocampal post-synapses, with immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy revealing co-localization of CARM1 with post-synaptic density (PSD)-95 protein, a post-synaptic marker. Specific siRNA-mediated suppression of CARM1 expression resulted in precocious dendritic maturation, with increased spine width and density at sites along dendrites and induction of mushroom-type spines. These changes were accompanied by a striking increase in the cluster size and number of key synaptic proteins, including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and PSD-95. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of CARM1 activity with the CARM1-specific inhibitor AMI-1 significantly increased spine width and mushroom-type spines and also increased the cluster size and number of NR2B and cluster size of PSD-95. These results suggest that CARM1 is a post-synaptic protein that plays roles in dendritic maturation and synaptic formation and that spatiotemporal regulation of CARM1 activity modulates neuronal connectivity and improves synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol Seung Lim
- From the Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Daniel L Alkon
- From the Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
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Todorova V, Blokland A. Mitochondria and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mature and Aging Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:166-173. [PMID: 27075203 PMCID: PMC5327446 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160414111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the adult brain is believed to represent the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the complex processes of synaptic plasticity. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of mitochondria in the function and plasticity of synapses and the implications of mitochondrial dysfunctions in synaptic transmission. First, the importance of mitochondrial distribution and motility for maintenance and strengthening of dendritic spines, but also for new spines/synapses formation is presented. Secondly, the major mitochondrial functions as energy supplier and calcium buffer organelles are considered as possible explanation for their essential and regulatory roles in neuronal plasticity processes. Thirdly, the effects of synaptic potentiation on mitochondrial gene expression are discussed. And finally, the relation between age-related alterations in synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunctions is considered. It appears that memory loss and neurodegeneration during aging are related to mitochondrial (dys)function. Although, it is clear that mitochondria are essential for synaptic plasticity, further studies are indicated to scrutinize the intracellular and molecular processes that regulate the functions of mitochondria in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyara Todorova
- Institute II for Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lunardi P, Sachser RM, Sierra RO, Pedraza LK, Medina C, de la Fuente V, Romano A, Quillfeldt JA, de Oliveira Alvares L. Effects of Hippocampal LIMK Inhibition on Memory Acquisition, Consolidation, Retrieval, Reconsolidation, and Extinction. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:958-967. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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