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Yadegari S. Approach to abnormal head posture. Strabismus 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38973509 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2024.2376554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
An abnormal head position (AHP) refers to a condition where the head is deviated from the usual, upright posture considered normal. AHPs can manifest as the chin being raised or lowered, the head tilted to the right or left, the face turned to either side, or a combination of these movements. Patients with AHP may present to ophthalmologic clinics; however, there are several etiologies for AHP that may not be commonly recognized by ophthalmologists. Key words from this article were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines from 1975 to December 2023. Various etiologies were identified, evaluated, summarized, and then categorized. The maintenance of a normal head posture during our daily activities relies on the complex interaction of different parts of the brain, with the encoding of related sensory inputs occurring in the vestibular nuclei. Abnormal head posture can stem from a variety of etiologies, including ocular, neurological, orthopedic, otolaryngological, gastroenterological, and other factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different characteristics of AHP based on its etiology. Lack of awareness regarding the wide spectrum of causes may lead to patients undergoing unnecessary extensive workups. Conversely, failure to recognize potentially life-threatening causes may result in adverse outcomes for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Yadegari
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology and Strabismus, Farabi Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Muñoz-García D, Serrano JI, Ferrer-Peña R, d'Eudeville V, Brero M, Boisson M, Del Castillo MD. Visually-Induced Motor Imagery Effects on Motor Adaptation to Reverse Steering Cycling. A Randomized Controlled Trial. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:458-465. [PMID: 37826855 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2252479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: First, testing an intervention of neuromodulation based on motor imagery and action observation as a promoter of motor adaptation of a complex motor task involving balance. Second, determining what prior balance factors can affect the motor adaptation task. Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed. Forty-eight healthy subjects were recruited. The balance of all participants during gait and standing was assessed before adapting to the complex, multi-limb motor task of riding an inverse steering bicycle (ISB). Two interventions were carried out interleaved among trials of adaptation to the motor task: the experimental group (n = 24) was asked to perform neuromodulation (EN) by watching first-person ISB riding through immersive VR glasses and, simultaneously, mentally mimicking the movements. The control group (CG) was asked to watch a slideshow video of steady landscape images. Results: The results showed that the EN group did not improve the motor adaptation rate and induced higher adaptation times with respect to the CG. However, while the motor adaptation success showed a significant dependence on the prior proprioceptive participation in balance in the CG, the EN group did not present any relationship between the prior balance profile and motor adaptation outcome. Conclusions: Results point to a benefit of the visually guided neuromodulation for the motor adaptation of the subjects with low participation of proprioception in balance. Moreover, the results from the control group would allow to disclose prognostic factors about the success of the motor adaptation, and also prescription criteria for the proposed neuromodulation based on the balance profile.
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Takeda T, Tajino J, Merfeld DM. Frequency dependence of human thresholds: both perceptual and vestibuloocular reflex thresholds. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:1143-1155. [PMID: 38658179 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00224.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although perceptual thresholds have been widely studied, vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) thresholds have received less attention, so the relationship between VOR and perceptual thresholds remains unclear. We compared the frequency dependence of human VOR thresholds to human perceptual thresholds for yaw head rotation in both upright ("yaw rotation") and supine ("yaw tilt") positions, using the same human subjects and motion device. VOR thresholds were generally a little smaller than perceptual thresholds. We also found that horizontal VOR thresholds for both yaw rotation about an Earth-vertical axis and yaw tilt (yaw rotation about an Earth-horizontal axis) were relatively constant across four frequencies (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz), with little difference between yaw rotation and yaw tilt VOR thresholds. For yaw tilt stimuli, perceptual thresholds were slightly lower at the lowest frequency and nearly constant at all other (higher) frequencies. However, for yaw rotation, perceptual thresholds increased significantly at the lowest frequency (0.2 Hz). We conclude 1) that VOR thresholds were relatively constant across frequency for both yaw rotation and yaw tilt, 2) that the known contributions of velocity storage to the VOR likely yielded these VOR thresholds that were similar for yaw rotation and yaw tilt for all frequencies tested, and 3) that the integration of otolith and horizontal canal signals during yaw tilt when supine contributes to stable perceptual thresholds, especially relative to the low-frequency perceptual thresholds recorded during yaw rotation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe for the first time that human VOR thresholds differ from human forced-choice perceptual thresholds, with the difference especially evident at frequencies below 0.5 Hz. We also report that VOR thresholds are relatively constant across frequency for both yaw rotation and yaw tilt. These findings are consistent with the idea that high-pass filtering in cortical pathways impacts cognitive decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamori Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Junichi Tajino
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniel M Merfeld
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Pickard K, Davidson MJ, Kim S, Alais D. Incongruent active head rotations increase visual motion detection thresholds. Neurosci Conscious 2024; 2024:niae019. [PMID: 38757119 PMCID: PMC11097904 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Attributing a visual motion signal to its correct source-be that external object motion, self-motion, or some combination of both-seems effortless, and yet often involves disentangling a complex web of motion signals. Existing literature focuses on either translational motion (heading) or eye movements, leaving much to be learnt about the influence of a wider range of self-motions, such as active head rotations, on visual motion perception. This study investigated how active head rotations affect visual motion detection thresholds, comparing conditions where visual motion and head-turn direction were either congruent or incongruent. Participants judged the direction of a visual motion stimulus while rotating their head or remaining stationary, using a fixation-locked Virtual Reality display with integrated head-movement recordings. Thresholds to perceive visual motion were higher in both active-head rotation conditions compared to stationary, though no differences were found between congruent or incongruent conditions. Participants also showed a significant bias to report seeing visual motion travelling in the same direction as the head rotation. Together, these results demonstrate active head rotations increase visual motion perceptual thresholds, particularly in cases of incongruent visual and active vestibular stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Pickard
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew J Davidson
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sujin Kim
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Alais
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Singh VP, Li J, Mitchell J, Miller C. Active vision in freely moving marmosets using head-mounted eye tracking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.593707. [PMID: 38766147 PMCID: PMC11100783 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.593707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of how vision functions as primates actively navigate the real-world is remarkably sparse. As most data have been limited to chaired and typically head-restrained animals, the synergistic interactions of different motor actions/plans inherent to active sensing - e.g. eyes, head, posture, movement, etc. - on visual perception are largely unknown. To address this considerable gap in knowledge, we developed an innovative wireless head-mounted eye tracking system called CEREBRO for small mammals, such as marmoset monkeys. Our system performs Chair-free Eye-Recording using Backpack mounted micROcontrollers. Because eye illumination and environment lighting change continuously in natural contexts, we developed a segmentation artificial neural network to perform robust pupil tracking in these conditions. Leveraging this innovative system to investigate active vision, we demonstrate that although freely-moving marmosets exhibit frequent compensatory eye movements equivalent to other primates, including humans, the predictability of the visual system is enhanced when animals are freely-moving relative to when they are head-fixed. Moreover, despite increases in eye/head-motion during locomotion, gaze stabilization actually improved over periods when the monkeys were stationary. Rather than impair vision, the dynamics of gaze stabilization in freely-moving primates has been optimized over evolution to enable active sensing during natural exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Pal Singh
- Cortical Systems & Behavior Lab, University of California San Diego
| | - Jingwen Li
- Cortical Systems & Behavior Lab, University of California San Diego
| | - Jude Mitchell
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Rochester
| | - Cory Miller
- Cortical Systems & Behavior Lab, University of California San Diego
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego
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Mangalam M, Seleznov I, Kolosova E, Popov A, Kelty-Stephen DG, Kiyono K. Postural control in gymnasts: anisotropic fractal scaling reveals proprioceptive reintegration in vestibular perturbation. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1393171. [PMID: 38699200 PMCID: PMC11063314 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1393171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Dexterous postural control subtly complements movement variability with sensory correlations at many scales. The expressive poise of gymnasts exemplifies this lyrical punctuation of release with constraint, from coarse grain to fine scales. Dexterous postural control upon a 2D support surface might collapse the variation of center of pressure (CoP) to a relatively 1D orientation-a direction often oriented towards the focal point of a visual task. Sensory corrections in dexterous postural control might manifest in temporal correlations, specifically as fractional Brownian motions whose differences are more and less correlated with fractional Gaussian noises (fGns) with progressively larger and smaller Hurst exponent H. Traditional empirical work examines this arrangement of lower-dimensional compression of CoP along two orthogonal axes, anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML). Eyes-open and face-forward orientations cultivate greater variability along AP than ML axes, and the orthogonal distribution of spatial variability has so far gone hand in hand with an orthogonal distribution of H, for example, larger in AP and lower in ML. However, perturbing the orientation of task focus might destabilize the postural synergy away from its 1D distribution and homogenize the temporal correlations across the 2D support surface, resulting in narrower angles between the directions of the largest and smallest H. We used oriented fractal scaling component analysis (OFSCA) to investigate whether sensory corrections in postural control might thus become suborthogonal. OFSCA models raw 2D CoP trajectory by decomposing it in all directions along the 2D support surface and fits the directions with the largest and smallest H. We studied a sample of gymnasts in eyes-open and face-forward quiet posture, and results from OFSCA confirm that such posture exhibits the classic orthogonal distribution of temporal correlations. Head-turning resulted in a simultaneous decrease in this angle Δθ, which promptly reversed once gymnasts reoriented their heads forward. However, when vision was absent, there was only a discernible negative trend in Δθ, indicating a shift in the angle's direction but not a statistically significant one. Thus, the narrowing of Δθ may signify an adaptive strategy in postural control. The swift recovery of Δθ upon returning to a forward-facing posture suggests that the temporary reduction is specific to head-turning and does not impose a lasting burden on postural control. Turning the head reduced the angle between these two orientations, facilitating the release of postural degrees of freedom towards a more uniform spread of the CoP across both dimensions of the support surface. The innovative aspect of this work is that it shows how fractality might serve as a control parameter of adaptive mechanisms of dexterous postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ivan Seleznov
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elena Kolosova
- National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport, Scientific Research Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Damian G. Kelty-Stephen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, United States
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Frattini D, Rosén N, Wibble T. A Proposed Mechanism for Visual Vertigo: Post-Concussion Patients Have Higher Gain From Visual Input Into Subcortical Gaze Stabilization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:26. [PMID: 38607620 PMCID: PMC11018265 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is commonly associated with dizziness and visual motion sensitivity. This case-control study set out to explore altered motion processing in PCS by measuring gaze stabilization as a reflection of the capacity of the brain to integrate motion, and it aimed to uncover mechanisms of injury where invasive subcortical recordings are not feasible. Methods A total of 554 eye movements were analyzed in 10 PCS patients and nine healthy controls across 171 trials. Optokinetic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes were recorded using a head-mounted eye tracker while participants were exposed to visual, vestibular, and visuo-vestibular motion stimulations in the roll plane. Torsional and vergence eye movements were analyzed in terms of slow-phase velocities, gain, nystagmus frequency, and sensory-specific contributions toward gaze stabilization. Results Participants expressed eye-movement responses consistent with expected gaze stabilization; slow phases were fastest for visuo-vestibular trials and slowest for visual stimulations (P < 0.001) and increased with stimulus acceleration (P < 0.001). Concussed patients demonstrated increased gain from visual input to gaze stabilization (P = 0.005), faster slow phases (P = 0.013), earlier nystagmus beats (P = 0.003), and higher relative visual influence over the gaze-stabilizing response (P = 0.001), presenting robust effect sizes despite the limited population size. Conclusions The enhanced neural responsiveness to visual motion in PCS, combined with semi-intact visuo-vestibular integration, presented a subcortical hierarchy for altered gaze stabilization. Drawing on comparable animal trials, findings suggest that concussed patients may suffer from diffuse injuries to inhibiting pathways for optokinetic information, likely early in the visuo-vestibular hierarchy of sensorimotor integration. These findings offer context for common but elusive symptoms, presenting a neurological explanation for motion sensitivity and visual vertigo in PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Frattini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Marianne Bernadotte Centrum, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Rosén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Marianne Bernadotte Centrum, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Wibble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Marianne Bernadotte Centrum, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mohammadi M, Carriot J, Mackrous I, Cullen KE, Chacron MJ. Neural populations within macaque early vestibular pathways are adapted to encode natural self-motion. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002623. [PMID: 38687807 PMCID: PMC11086886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
How the activities of large neural populations are integrated in the brain to ensure accurate perception and behavior remains a central problem in systems neuroscience. Here, we investigated population coding of naturalistic self-motion by neurons within early vestibular pathways in rhesus macaques (Macacca mulatta). While vestibular neurons displayed similar dynamic tuning to self-motion, inspection of their spike trains revealed significant heterogeneity. Further analysis revealed that, during natural but not artificial stimulation, heterogeneity resulted primarily from variability across neurons as opposed to trial-to-trial variability. Interestingly, vestibular neurons displayed different correlation structures during naturalistic and artificial self-motion. Specifically, while correlations due to the stimulus (i.e., signal correlations) did not differ, correlations between the trial-to-trial variabilities of neural responses (i.e., noise correlations) were instead significantly positive during naturalistic but not artificial stimulation. Using computational modeling, we show that positive noise correlations during naturalistic stimulation benefits information transmission by heterogeneous vestibular neural populations. Taken together, our results provide evidence that neurons within early vestibular pathways are adapted to the statistics of natural self-motion stimuli at the population level. We suggest that similar adaptations will be found in other systems and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jerome Carriot
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Kathleen E. Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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LeWitt PA. Getting an earful of stimulation: A novel means for neuromodulation of Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 121:106060. [PMID: 38443212 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A LeWitt
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, USA; Sastry Foundation Endowed Chair in Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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Gallina A, Abboud J, Blouin JS. Vestibular control of deep and superficial lumbar muscles. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:516-528. [PMID: 38230879 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00171.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The active control of the lumbar musculature provides a stable platform critical for postures and goal-directed movements. Voluntary and perturbation-evoked motor commands can recruit individual lumbar muscles in a task-specific manner according to their presumed biomechanics. Here, we investigated the vestibular control of the deep and superficial lumbar musculature. Ten healthy participants were exposed to noisy electrical vestibular stimulation while balancing upright with their head facing forward, left, or right to characterize the differential modulation in the vestibular-evoked lumbar extensor responses in generating multidirectional whole body motion. We quantified the activation of the lumbar muscles on the right side using indwelling [deep multifidus, superficial multifidus, caudal longissimus (L4), and cranial longissimus (L1)] and high-density surface recordings. We characterized the vestibular-evoked responses using coherence and peak-to-peak cross-covariance amplitude between the vestibular and electromyographic signals. Participants exhibited responses in all lumbar muscles. The vestibular control of the lumbar musculature exhibited muscle-specific modulations: responses were larger in the longissimus (combined cranio-caudal) compared with the multifidus (combined deep-superficial) when participants faced forward (P < 0.001) and right (P = 0.011) but not when they faced left. The high-density surface recordings partly supported this observation: the location of the responses was more lateral when facing right compared with left (P < 0.001). The vestibular control of muscle subregions within the longissimus or the multifidus was similar. Our results demonstrate muscle-specific vestibular control of the lumbar muscles in response to perturbations of vestibular origin. The lack of differential activation of lumbar muscle subregions suggests the vestibular control of these subregions is co-regulated for standing balance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the vestibular control of the deep and superficial lumbar extensor muscles using electrical vestibular stimuli. Vestibular stimuli elicited preferential activation of the longissimus muscle over the multifidus muscle. We did not observe clear regional activation of lumbar muscle subregions in response to the vestibular stimuli. Our findings show that the central nervous system can finely tune the vestibular control of individual lumbar muscles and suggest minimal regional variations in the activation of lumbar muscle subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gallina
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Abboud
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Blouin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Corre J, Cugnot JF, Boutabla A, Cavuscens S, Ranieri M, van de Berg R, Peterka RJ, Guinand N, Fornos AP. Postural impairments in unilateral and bilateral vestibulopathy. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1324868. [PMID: 38450076 PMCID: PMC10915085 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1324868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic imbalance is a major complaint of patients suffering from bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) and is often reported by patients with chronic unilateral vestibulopathy (UV), leading to increased risk of falling. We used the Central SensoriMotor Integration (CSMI) test, which evaluates sensory integration, time delay, and motor activation contributions to standing balance control, to determine whether CSMI measures could distinguish between healthy control (HC), UV, and BV subjects and to characterize vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual contributions expressed as sensory weights. We also hypothesized that sensory weight values would be associated with the results of vestibular assessments (vestibulo ocular reflex tests and Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores). Twenty HCs, 15 UVs and 17 BVs performed three CSMI conditions evoking sway in response to pseudorandom (1) surface tilts with eyes open or, (2) surface tilts with eyes closed, and (3) visual surround tilts. Proprioceptive weights were identified in surface tilt conditions and visual weights were identified in the visual tilt condition. BVs relied significantly more on proprioception. There was no overlap in proprioceptive weights between BV and HC subjects and minimal overlap between UV and BV subjects in the eyes-closed surface-tilt condition. Additionally, visual sensory weights were greater in BVs and were similarly able to distinguish BV from HC and UV subjects. We found no significant correlations between sensory weights and the results of vestibular assessments. Sensory weights from CSMI testing could provide a useful measure for diagnosing and for objectively evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts and future treatments designed to restore vestibular function such as hair cell regeneration and vestibular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Corre
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Cugnot
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anissa Boutabla
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Cavuscens
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Ranieri
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raymond van de Berg
- Division of Vestibular Disorders, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Peterka
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System and Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nils Guinand
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angélica Pérez Fornos
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Aryan R, Zobeiri OA, Millar JL, Schubert MC, Cullen KE. Effect of vestibular loss on head-on-trunk stability in individuals with vestibular schwannoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3512. [PMID: 38347021 PMCID: PMC10861475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The vestibulo-collic reflex generates neck motor commands to produce head-on-trunk movements that are essential for stabilizing the head relative to space. Here we examined the effects of vestibular loss on head-on-trunk kinematics during voluntary behavior. Head and trunk movements were measured in individuals with vestibular schwannoma before and then 6 weeks after unilateral vestibular deafferentation via surgical resection of the tumor. Movements were recorded in 6 dimensions (i.e., 3 axes of rotation and 3 axes of translation) using small light-weight inertial measurement units while participants performed balance and gait tasks. Kinematic measures differed between individuals with vestibular schwannoma (at both time points) and healthy controls for the more challenging exercises, namely those performed in tandem position or on an unstable surface without visual input. Quantitative assessment of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) revealed a reduction in VOR gain for individuals with vestibular schwannoma compared to control subjects, that was further reduced following surgery. These findings indicated that the impairment caused by either the tumor or subsequent surgical tumor resection altered head-on-trunk kinematics in a manner that is not normalized by central compensation. In contrast, we further found that head-on-trunk kinematics in individuals with vestibular schwannoma were actually comparable before and after surgery. Thus, taken together, our results indicate that vestibular loss impacts head-on-trunk kinematics during voluntary balance and gait behaviors, and suggest that the neural mechanisms mediating adaptation alter the motion strategies even before surgery in a manner that may be maladaptive for long-term compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raabeae Aryan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 504, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2109, USA
| | - Omid A Zobeiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 504, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Millar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael C Schubert
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 504, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Reybrouck M, Schiavio A. Music performance as knowledge acquisition: a review and preliminary conceptual framework. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1331806. [PMID: 38390412 PMCID: PMC10883160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1331806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To what extent does playing a musical instrument contribute to an individual's construction of knowledge? This paper aims to address this question by examining music performance from an embodied perspective and offering a narrative-style review of the main literature on the topic. Drawing from both older theoretical frameworks on motor learning and more recent theories on sensorimotor coupling and integration, this paper seeks to challenge and juxtapose established ideas with contemporary views inspired by recent work on embodied cognitive science. By doing so we advocate a centripetal approach to music performance, contrasting the prevalent centrifugal perspective: the sounds produced during performance not only originate from bodily action (centrifugal), but also cyclically return to it (centripetal). This perspective suggests that playing music involves a dynamic integration of both external and internal factors, transcending mere output-oriented actions and revealing music performance as a form of knowledge acquisition based on real-time sensorimotor experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Reybrouck
- Musicology Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Musicology, IPEM, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Schiavio
- School of Arts and Creative Technologies, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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14
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Li YC, Bruijn SM, Lemaire KK, Brumagne S, van Dieën JH. Vertebral level specific modulation of paraspinal muscle activity based on vestibular signals during walking. J Physiol 2024; 602:507-525. [PMID: 38252405 DOI: 10.1113/jp285831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Evoking muscle responses by electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) may help to understand the contribution of the vestibular system to postural control. Although paraspinal muscles play a role in postural stability, the vestibulo-muscular coupling of these muscles during walking has rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate how vestibular signals affect paraspinal muscle activity at different vertebral levels during walking with preferred and narrow step width. Sixteen healthy participants were recruited. Participants walked on a treadmill for 8 min at 78 steps/min and 2.8 km/h, at two different step width, either with or without EVS. Bipolar electromyography was recorded bilaterally from the paraspinal muscles at eight vertebral levels from cervical to lumbar. Coherence, gain, and delay of EVS and EMG responses were determined. Significant EVS-EMG coupling (P < 0.01) was found at ipsilateral and/or contralateral heel strikes. This coupling was mirrored between left and right relative to the midline of the trunk and between the higher and lower vertebral levels, i.e. a peak occurred at ipsilateral heel strike at lower levels, whereas it occurred at contralateral heel strike at higher levels. EVS-EMG coupling only partially coincided with peak muscle activity. EVS-EMG coherence slightly, but not significantly, increased when walking with narrow steps. No significant differences were found in gain and phase between the vertebral levels or step width conditions. In summary, vertebral level specific modulation of paraspinal muscle activity based on vestibular signals might allow a fast, synchronized, and spatially co-ordinated response along the trunk during walking. KEY POINTS: Mediolateral stabilization of gait requires an estimate of the state of the body, which is affected by vestibular afference. During gait, the heavy trunk segment is controlled by phasic paraspinal muscle activity and in rodents the medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts activate these muscles. To gain insight in vestibulospinal connections in humans and their role in gait, we recorded paraspinal surface EMG of cervical to lumbar paraspinal muscles, and characterized coherence, gain and delay between EMG and electrical vestibular stimulation, during slow walking. Vestibular stimulation caused phasic, vertebral level specific modulation of paraspinal muscle activity at delays of around 40 ms, which was mirrored between left, lower and right, upper vertebral levels. Our results indicate that vestibular afference causes fast, synchronized, and spatially co-ordinated responses of the paraspinal muscles along the trunk, that simultaneously contribute to stabilizing the centre of mass trajectory and to keeping the head upright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan C Li
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen K Lemaire
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Brumagne
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arvaniti CK, Brotis AG, Paschalis T, Kapsalaki EZ, Fountas KN. Localization of Vestibular Cortex Using Electrical Cortical Stimulation: A Systematic Literature Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:75. [PMID: 38248290 PMCID: PMC10813901 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system plays a fundamental role in body orientation, posture control, and spatial and body motion perception, as well as in gaze and eye movements. We aimed to review the current knowledge regarding the location of the cortical and subcortical areas, implicated in the processing of vestibular stimuli. The search was performed in PubMed and Scopus. We focused on studies reporting on vestibular manifestations after electrical cortical stimulation. A total of 16 studies were finally included. Two main types of vestibular responses were elicited, including vertigo and perception of body movement. The latter could be either rotatory or translational. Electrical stimulation of the temporal structures elicited mainly vertigo, while stimulation of the parietal lobe was associated with perceptions of body movement. Stimulation of the occipital lobe produced vertigo with visual manifestations. There was evidence that the vestibular responses became more robust with increasing current intensity. Low-frequency stimulation proved to be more effective than high-frequency in eliciting vestibular responses. Numerous non-vestibular responses were recorded after stimulation of the vestibular cortex, including somatosensory, viscero-sensory, and emotional manifestations. Newer imaging modalities such as functional MRI (fMRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), SPECT, and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) can provide useful information regarding localization of the vestibular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K. Arvaniti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (C.K.A.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Alexandros G. Brotis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (C.K.A.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Thanasis Paschalis
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB4 1GN, UK;
| | - Eftychia Z. Kapsalaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larisa, Greece;
- Advanced Diagnostic Institute Euromedica-Encephalos, 15233 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas N. Fountas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (C.K.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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Chen Z, Tirosh O, Han J, Adams RD, El-Ansary D, Pranata A. Voluntary postural sway control and mobility in adults with low back pain. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1285747. [PMID: 38235390 PMCID: PMC10793656 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1285747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is associated with altered somatosensory perception, which is involved in both involuntary and voluntary control of posture. Currently, there is a lack of methods and tools for assessing somatosensory acuity in patients with LBP. The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the reliability of the sway discrimination apparatus (SwayDA) (2) to evaluate the differences in somatosensory acuity between patients with LBP and pain-free individuals, and (3) to examine relationships between somatosensory acuity, severity of LBP, and mobility in patients with LBP. Methods Twenty participants (10 patients with LBP and 10 matched asymptomatic controls) were recruited in a test-retest reliability test. Another 56 participants were recruited for this study with 28 individuals presenting with LBP and a further twenty-eight being asymptomatic. The SwayDA was custom-built to measure somatosensory perception during voluntary anterior-posterior (SwayDA-AP), medial-lateral to the dominant side (SwayDA-ML-D), and non-dominant side (SwayDA-ML-ND) postural sway control. Participants also completed mobility tests, including 10 times and 1-min sit-to-stand tests (10-STS, 1 m-STS). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to quantify somatosensory acuity in discriminating different voluntary postural sway extents. Results The ICC (2.1) for the SwayDA-AP, SwayDA-ML-D, and SwayDA-ML-ND were 0.741, 0.717, and 0.805 with MDC95 0.071, 0.043, and 0.050. Patients with LBP demonstrated significantly lower SwayDA scores (tSwayDA-AP = -2.142, p = 0.037; tSwayDA-ML-D = -2.266, p = 0.027) than asymptomatic controls. The AUC values of the SwayDA-AP test were significantly correlated with ODI (rSwayDA-AP-ODI = -0.391, p = 0.039). Performances on the 1 m-STS and the 10-STS were significantly correlated with the AUC scores from all the SwayDA tests (-0.513 ≤ r ≤ 0.441, all p < 0.05). Discussion The SwayDA tests evaluated showed acceptable reliability in assessing somatosensory acuity during voluntary postural sway. Somatosensory acuity was diminished in patients with LBP compared to asymptomatic controls. In patients with LBP, lower somatosensory acuity was associated with increased LBP-related disability. Future research could focus on investigating the factors contributing to the decreased somatosensory perception and mobility in individuals with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Chen
- Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Han
- Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Roger David Adams
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Doa El-Ansary
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Pranata
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Heick JD, Alkathiry A. Impact of Concussions on Postural Stability Performance Using the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:1454-1461. [PMID: 38179588 PMCID: PMC10761627 DOI: 10.26603/001c.90705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that can result in vestibular and oculomotor dysfunctions. The Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test was developed from the original Sensory Organization Test to measure a subject's ability to maintain balance while moving their head. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of adults with no history of concussion to those with a history of concussion on the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test to determine if long-standing balance deficits are present after concussion. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Subjects with a history of concussion and healthy normal controls completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, the sensory organization test, the head shake SOT, and the Foam Head Shake-Sensory Organization test in a single testing session. Scores were analyzed for differences between the two groups. Results Twenty-five participants (nine patients with history of concussion and 16 healthy controls; mean age, 21.08±4.10 years) completed testing. The equilibrium scores in both groups significantly decreased with more complex tasks. Furthermore, the concussion group had significantly worse equilibrium scores than the control group during the Head Shake (p = 0.007) and Foam Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test (p = 0.002) tasks but not during the Sensory Organization Test task. Conclusion Adding head shake and foam cushion conditions to postural stability tests improves sensitivity in detecting balance deficits in individuals with a concussion. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Heick
- Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Northern Arizona University
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Kobel MJ, Wagner AR, Oas JG, Merfeld DM. Characterization of Vestibular Perception in Patients with Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:75-82. [PMID: 38013457 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess vestibular (i.e., passive self-motion) perception in patients diagnosed with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). STUDY DESIGN Case-controlled, cross-sectional, observational investigation. SETTING Single-center laboratory-based study. PATIENTS Thirteen patients with PPPD, 13 age-matched healthy control volunteers. Of those with PPPD, eight had co-occurring vestibular migraine (VM). INTERVENTIONS All participants completed a vestibular threshold test battery reflecting perception with predominant inputs from ( a ) the otoliths (1-Hz interaural y -axis translation, 1-Hz superior-inferior z -axis translation), ( b ) the semicircular canals (2-Hz yaw rotation, 2-Hz tilts in the planes of the vertical canal pairs), and ( c ) and canal-otolith integration (0.5-Hz roll tilt). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Direction-recognition thresholds for each vestibular threshold test condition. RESULTS Across all patients with PPPD, higher thresholds for superior-inferior z -translations thresholds in comparison to age-matched healthy control participants were identified ( p < 0.001). Those patients with co-occurring VM and PPPD (PPPD/+VM) displayed significantly higher z -translation thresholds ( p = 0.006), whereas patients with PPPD without VM (PPPD/-VM) displayed significantly higher roll tilt thresholds ( p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PPPD did not display a global worsening of passive self-motion perception as quantified by vestibular perceptual thresholds. Instead, patients with PPPD displayed elevated thresholds for only roll tilt and z -translation thresholds, with the relative change in each threshold impacted by the co-occurrence of VM. Because both z -translation and roll tilt motions are reliant on accurate gravity perception, our data suggest that patients with PPPD may exhibit impaired processing of graviceptive cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Kobel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Andrew R Wagner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - John G Oas
- Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit-Dayton, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Daniel M Merfeld
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
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Olsen S, Rashid U, Barbado D, Suresh P, Alder G, Khan Niazi I, Taylor D. The validity of smartphone-based spatiotemporal gait measurements during walking with and without head turns: Comparison with the GAITRite® system. J Biomech 2024; 162:111899. [PMID: 38128468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone accelerometry has potential to provide clinicians with specialized gait analysis not available in most clinical settings. The Gait&Balance Application (G&B App) uses smartphone accelerometry to assess spatiotemporal gait parameters under two conditions: walking looking straight ahead and walking with horizontal head turns. This study investigated the validity of G&B App gait parameters compared with the GAITRite® pressure-sensitive walkway. Healthy young and older adults (age range 21-85 years) attended a single session where a smartphone was secured over the lumbosacral junction. Data were collected concurrently with the app and GAITRite® systems as participants completed the two walking conditions. Spatiotemporal gait parameters for 54 participants were determined from both systems and agreement evaluated with partial Pearson's correlation coefficients and limits of agreement. The results demonstrated moderate to excellent validity for G&B App measures of step time (rp 0.97, 95 % CI [0.96, 0.98]), walking speed (rp 0.83 [0.78, 0.87]), and step length (rp 0.74, [0.66, 0.80]) when walking looking straight ahead, and results were comparable with head turns. The validity of walking speed and step length measures was influenced by sex and height. G&B App measures of step length variability, step time variability, step length asymmetry, and step time asymmetry had poor validity. The G&B App has potential to provide valid measures of unilateral and bilateral step time, unilateral and bilateral step length, and walking speed, under two walking conditions in healthy young and older adults. Further research should validate this tool in clinical conditions and optimise the algorithm for demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Olsen
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Usman Rashid
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, PO Box 113-044, Newmarket, Auckland 1149, New Zealand
| | - David Barbado
- Department of Sport Science, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain; Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), Avda. Pintor Baeza, 12 HGUA, Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Priyadharshini Suresh
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gemma Alder
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, PO Box 113-044, Newmarket, Auckland 1149, New Zealand; Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Denise Taylor
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Tramontano M, Manzari L, Bustos ASO, De Angelis S, Montemurro R, Belluscio V, Bergamini E, Vannozzi G. Instrumental assessment of dynamic postural stability in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction during straight, curved, and blindfolded gait. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:83-94. [PMID: 37382626 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterise dynamic postural stability of gait in patients with vestibular hypofunction (PwVH) using a sensor-based assessment while performing dynamic tasks and to correlate the results of this evaluation with clinical scales. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 22 adults between 18 and 70 years old from a healthcare hospital centre. Eleven patients suffering from chronic vestibular hypofunction (PwVH) and eleven healthy controls (HC) were evaluated through a combined inertial sensor-based and clinical scale assessment. Participants were equipped with five synchronised inertial measurement units (IMUs) (128 Hz, Opal, APDM, Portland, OR, USA): three IMUs were located on the occipital cranium bone, near the lambdoid suture of the head, at the centre of the sternum, and at L4/L5 level, just above the pelvis, and were used to quantify gait quality parameters, while the other two were located slightly above lateral malleoli and used to perform stride and step segmentation. Three different motor tasks were performed in a randomized order: the 10-m Walk Test (10mWT), the Figure of Eight Walk Test (Fo8WT) and the Fukuda Stepping Test (FST). A set of gait quality parameters related to stability, symmetry and smoothness of gait were extracted from IMU data and correlated with the clinical scale scores. PwVH and HC results were compared to test for significant between-group differences. RESULTS Significant differences were found for the three motor tasks (10mWT, Fo8WT and FST) when comparing PwVH and HC groups. For the 10mWT and the Fo8WT, significant differences between the PwVH and HC groups were found for the stability indexes. Considering the FST, significant differences between the PwVH and HC groups were also found in the stability and symmetry of gait. A significant correlation was found between the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and gait indices during the Fo8WT. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we characterized the dynamic postural stability alterations during linear, curved, and blindfolded walking/stepping in PwVH combining an instrumental IMU-based with traditional clinical scales approach. Combining instrumental and clinical evaluation for dynamic stability of gait alterations in PwVH is useful in thoroughly evaluating the effects of unilateral vestibular hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tramontano
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A S Orejel Bustos
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - S De Angelis
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - R Montemurro
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - V Belluscio
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - E Bergamini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - G Vannozzi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
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Job X, Kilteni K. Action does not enhance but attenuates predicted touch. eLife 2023; 12:e90912. [PMID: 38099521 PMCID: PMC10723797 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant motor control theories propose that the brain predicts and attenuates the somatosensory consequences of actions, referred to as somatosensory attenuation. Support comes from psychophysical and neuroimaging studies showing that touch applied on a passive hand elicits attenuated perceptual and neural responses if it is actively generated by one's other hand, compared to an identical touch from an external origin. However, recent experimental findings have challenged this view by providing psychophysical evidence that the perceived intensity of touch on the passive hand is enhanced if the active hand does not receive touch simultaneously with the passive hand (somatosensory enhancement) and by further attributing attenuation to the double tactile stimulation of the hands upon contact. Here, we directly contrasted the hypotheses of the attenuation and enhancement models regarding how action influences somatosensory perception by manipulating whether the active hand contacts the passive hand. We further assessed somatosensory perception in the absence of any predictive cues in a condition that turned out to be essential for interpreting the experimental findings. In three pre-registered experiments, we demonstrate that action does not enhance the predicted touch (Experiment 1), that the previously reported 'enhancement' effects are driven by the reference condition used (Experiment 2), and that self-generated touch is robustly attenuated regardless of whether the two hands make contact (Experiment 3). Our results provide conclusive evidence that action does not enhance but attenuates predicted touch and prompt a reappraisal of recent experimental findings upon which theoretical frameworks proposing a perceptual enhancement by action prediction are based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Job
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Konstantina Kilteni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
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La Scaleia B, Brunetti C, Lacquaniti F, Zago M. Head-centric computing for vestibular stimulation under head-free conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1296901. [PMID: 38130821 PMCID: PMC10734306 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1296901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The vestibular end organs (semicircular canals, saccule and utricle) monitor head orientation and motion. Vestibular stimulation by means of controlled translations, rotations or tilts of the head represents a routine manoeuvre to test the vestibular apparatus in a laboratory or clinical setting. In diagnostics, it is used to assess oculomotor postural or perceptual responses, whose abnormalities can reveal subclinical vestibular dysfunctions due to pathology, aging or drugs. Objective: The assessment of the vestibular function requires the alignment of the motion stimuli as close as possible with reference axes of the head, for instance the cardinal axes naso-occipital, interaural, cranio-caudal. This is often achieved by using a head restraint, such as a helmet or strap holding the head tightly in a predefined posture that guarantees the alignment described above. However, such restraints may be quite uncomfortable, especially for elderly or claustrophobic patients. Moreover, it might be desirable to test the vestibular function under the more natural conditions in which the head is free to move, as when subjects are tracking a visual target or they are standing erect on the moving platform. Here, we document algorithms that allow delivering motion stimuli aligned with head-fixed axes under head-free conditions. Methods: We implemented and validated these algorithms using a MOOG-6DOF motion platform in two different conditions. 1) The participant kept the head in a resting, fully unrestrained posture, while inter-aural, naso-occipital or cranio-caudal translations were applied. 2) The participant moved the head continuously while a naso-occipital translation was applied. Head and platform motion were monitored in real-time using Vicon. Results: The results for both conditions showed excellent agreement between the theoretical spatio-temporal profile of the motion stimuli and the corresponding profile of actual motion as measured in real-time. Conclusion: We propose our approach as a safe, non-intrusive method to test the vestibular system under the natural head-free conditions required by the experiential perspective of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara La Scaleia
- Laboratory of Visuomotor Control and Gravitational Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Brunetti
- Laboratory of Visuomotor Control and Gravitational Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lacquaniti
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine and Centre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Myrka Zago
- Laboratory of Visuomotor Control and Gravitational Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine and Centre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Happee R, Kotian V, De Winkel KN. Neck stabilization through sensory integration of vestibular and visual motion cues. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1266345. [PMID: 38073639 PMCID: PMC10704035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1266345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To counteract gravity, trunk motion, and other perturbations, the human head-neck system requires continuous muscular stabilization. In this study, we combine a musculoskeletal neck model with models of sensory integration (SI) to unravel the role of vestibular, visual, and muscle sensory cues in head-neck stabilization and relate SI conflicts and postural instability to motion sickness. METHOD A 3D multisegment neck model with 258 Hill-type muscle elements was extended with postural stabilization using SI of vestibular (semicircular and otolith) and visual (rotation rate, verticality, and yaw) cues using the multisensory observer model (MSOM) and the subjective vertical conflict model (SVC). Dynamic head-neck stabilization was studied using empirical datasets, including 6D trunk perturbations and a 4 m/s2 slalom drive inducing motion sickness. RESULTS Recorded head translation and rotation are well matched when using all feedback loops with MSOM or SVC or assuming perfect perception. A basic version of the model, including muscle, but omitting vestibular and visual perception, shows that muscular feedback can stabilize the neck in all conditions. However, this model predicts excessive head rotations in conditions with trunk rotation and in the slalom. Adding feedback of head rotational velocity sensed by the semicircular canals effectively reduces head rotations at mid-frequencies. Realistic head rotations at low frequencies are obtained by adding vestibular and visual feedback of head rotation based on the MSOM or SVC model or assuming perfect perception. The MSOM with full vision well captures all conditions, whereas the MSOM excluding vision well captures all conditions without vision. The SVC provides two estimates of verticality, with a vestibular estimate SVCvest, which is highly effective in controlling head verticality, and an integrated vestibular/visual estimate SVCint which can complement SVCvest in conditions with vision. As expected, in the sickening drive, SI models imprecisely estimate verticality, resulting in sensory conflict and postural instability. CONCLUSION The results support the validity of SI models in postural stabilization, where both MSOM and SVC provide credible results. The results in the sickening drive show imprecise sensory integration to enlarge head motion. This uniquely links the sensory conflict theory and the postural instability theory in motion sickness causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riender Happee
- Cognitive Robotics, Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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24
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Cullen KE. Internal models of self-motion: neural computations by the vestibular cerebellum. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:986-1002. [PMID: 37739815 PMCID: PMC10591839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The vestibular cerebellum plays an essential role in maintaining our balance and ensuring perceptual stability during activities of daily living. Here I examine three key regions of the vestibular cerebellum: the floccular lobe, anterior vermis (lobules I-V), and nodulus and ventral uvula (lobules X-IX of the posterior vermis). These cerebellar regions encode vestibular information and combine it with extravestibular signals to create internal models of eye, head, and body movements, as well as their spatial orientation with respect to gravity. To account for changes in the external environment and/or biomechanics during self-motion, the neural mechanisms underlying these computations are continually updated to ensure accurate motor behavior. To date, studies on the vestibular cerebellum have predominately focused on passive vestibular stimulation, whereas in actuality most stimulation is the result of voluntary movement. Accordingly, I also consider recent research exploring these computations during active self-motion and emerging evidence establishing the cerebellum's role in building predictive models of self-generated movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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25
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Stanca S, Rossetti M, Bongioanni P. The Cerebellum's Role in Affective Disorders: The Onset of Its Social Dimension. Metabolites 2023; 13:1113. [PMID: 37999209 PMCID: PMC10672979 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are the most frequent mental disorders whose indeterminate etiopathogenesis spurs to explore new aetiologic scenarios. In light of the neuropsychiatric symptoms characterizing Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS), the objective of this narrative review is to analyze the involvement of the cerebellum (Cbm) in the onset of these conditions. It aims at detecting the repercussions of the Cbm activities on mood disorders based on its functional subdivision in vestibulocerebellum (vCbm), pontocerebellum (pCbm) and spinocerebellum (sCbm). Despite the Cbm having been, for decades, associated with somato-motor functions, the described intercellular pathways, without forgiving the molecular impairment and the alteration in the volumetric relationships, make the Cbm a new important therapeutic target for MDD and BD. Given that numerous studies have showed its activation during mnestic activities and socio-emotional events, this review highlights in the Cbm, in which the altered external space perception (vCbm) is strictly linked to the cognitive-limbic Cbm (pCbm and sCbm), a crucial role in the MDD and BD pathogenesis. Finally, by the analysis of the cerebellar activity, this study aims at underlying not only the Cbm involvement in affective disorders, but also its role in social relationship building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stanca
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Rossetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bongioanni
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Medical Specialties Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Makaruk H, Porter JM, Webster EK, Makaruk B, Bodasińska A, Zieliński J, Tomaszewski P, Nogal M, Szyszka P, Starzak M, Śliwa M, Banaś M, Biegajło M, Chaliburda A, Gierczuk D, Suchecki B, Molik B, Sadowski J. The fus test: a promising tool for evaluating fundamental motor skills in children and adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1912. [PMID: 37789359 PMCID: PMC10548572 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are essential for enjoyable, confident and skillful participation in physical activity across the lifespan. Due to the alarming low level of FMS proficiency in children and adolescents worldwide, the development of motor competency is an urgent issue for physical education. The promotion and implementation of a systematic process of teaching and learning FMS should be a physical education priority. Accordingly, effective assessment tools for evaluating FMS should be adopted or developed. Because FMS assessment for both children and adolescents need further effective solutions, the primary aim of this study was to develop the new age-related test of FMS (Fundamental Motor Skills in Sport test, in Polish: Test Fundamentalnych Umiejętności Ruchowych w Sporcie, FUS). The secondary aim of this study was to establish validity and inter-rater, intra-rater, test-retest reliabilities and internal consistency of the FUS test. The FUS test involves six sport skill-based tasks: hurdling, jumping rope, forward roll, ball bouncing, throwing and catching a ball, and kicking and stopping a ball. Two hundred sixty-four Polish students in grades 1-3 (7-9 yrs; n = 81), 4-6 (10-12 yrs; n = 89) and 7-8 (13-14 yrs; n = 94), including 139 girls and 125 boys completed the FUS test. The content validity index for all items was notably high. Both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability showed substantial to almost perfect agreement, with observed agreements for FUS skills between 78.5 and 93.1%. Ball bouncing had a moderate correlation with the forward roll and throwing and catching, while other correlations were low or insignificant. ICC values, ranging from 0.95 to 0.97, confirmed excellent test-retest reliability. The results of our study provide evidence that the FUS test is valid, reliable, and feasible to administer in school settings. Therefore, this tool test has the potential to support deliberate practice and improve motor competence by providing a standardized and structured approach to measuring FMS among school-aged children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jared M Porter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Beata Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bodasińska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zieliński
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Tomaszewski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Nogal
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Szyszka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Starzak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Śliwa
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Banaś
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Biegajło
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Chaliburda
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gierczuk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Suchecki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Molik
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sadowski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Millar JL, Zobeiri OA, Souza WH, Schubert MC, Cullen KE. Head movement kinematics are differentially altered for extended versus short duration gait exercises in individuals with vestibular loss. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16213. [PMID: 37758749 PMCID: PMC10533850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Head kinematics are altered in individuals with vestibular schwannoma (VS) during short duration gait tasks [i.e., Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)], both before and after surgery, yet whether these differences extend to longer duration gait exercises is currently unknown. Here we examined the effects of vestibular loss and subsequent compensation on head kinematics in individuals with VS during gait exercises of relatively extended versus short duration (< 10 versus 30 s), compared to age-matched controls. Six-dimensional head movements were recorded during extended and short duration gait exercises before and then 6 weeks after sectioning of the involved vestibular nerve (vestibular neurectomy). Standard functional, physiological, and subjective clinical assessments were also performed at each time point. Kinematics were differentially altered in individuals with vestibular loss at both time points during extended versus short duration exercises. Range of motion was significantly reduced in extended tasks. In contrast, movement variability predominately differed for the short duration exercises. Overall, our results indicate that quantifying head kinematics during longer duration gait tasks can provide novel information about how VS individuals compensate for vestibular loss, and suggest that measurements of range of motion versus variability can provide information regarding the different strategies deployed to maintain functional locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Millar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Omid A Zobeiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wagner H Souza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 504, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2109, USA
| | - Michael C Schubert
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 504, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2109, USA
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 504, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2109, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Tighilet B, Chabbert C. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Vestibular Ageing. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5519. [PMID: 37685587 PMCID: PMC10487907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While age-related auditory deficits and cochlear alterations are well described, those affecting the vestibular sensory organs and more broadly the central vestibular pathways are much less documented. Although there is inter-individual heterogeneity in the phenomenon of vestibular ageing, common tissue alterations, such as losses of sensory hair cells or primary and secondary neurons during the ageing process, can be noted. In this review, we document the cellular and molecular processes that occur during ageing in the peripheral and central vestibular system and relate them to the impact of age-related vestibular deficits based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille University-CNRS, Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, CNRS, Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Christian Chabbert
- Aix Marseille University-CNRS, Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, CNRS, Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
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29
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Pastras CJ, Curthoys IS, Rabbitt RD, Brown DJ. Using macular velocity measurements to relate parameters of bone conduction to vestibular compound action potential responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10204. [PMID: 37353559 PMCID: PMC10290084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine mechanisms responsible for vestibular afferent sensitivity to transient bone conducted vibration, we performed simultaneous measurements of stimulus-evoked vestibular compound action potentials (vCAPs), utricular macula velocity, and vestibular microphonics (VMs) in anaesthetized guinea pigs. Results provide new insights into the kinematic variables of transient motion responsible for triggering mammalian vCAPs, revealing synchronized vestibular afferent responses are not universally sensitive to linear jerk as previously thought. For short duration stimuli (< 1 ms), the vCAP increases magnitude in close proportion to macular velocity and temporal bone (linear) acceleration, rather than other kinematic elements. For longer duration stimuli, the vCAP magnitude switches from temporal bone acceleration sensitive to linear jerk sensitive while maintaining macular velocity sensitivity. Frequency tuning curves evoked by tone-burst stimuli show vCAPs increase in proportion to onset macular velocity, while VMs increase in proportion to macular displacement across the entire frequency bandwidth tested between 0.1 and 2 kHz. The subset of vestibular afferent neurons responsible for synchronized firing and vCAPs have been shown previously to make calyceal synaptic contacts with type I hair cells in the striolar region of the epithelium and have irregularly spaced inter-spike intervals at rest. Present results provide new insight into mechanical and neural mechanisms underlying synchronized action potentials in these sensitive afferents, with clinical relevance for understanding the activation and tuning of neurons responsible for driving rapid compensatory reflex responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pastras
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Ian S Curthoys
- Vestibular Research Laboratory, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Richard D Rabbitt
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Otolaryngology and Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Daniel J Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
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30
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Beiza-Canelo N, Moulle H, Pujol T, Panier T, Migault G, Le Goc G, Tapie P, Desprat N, Straka H, Debrégeas G, Bormuth V. Magnetic actuation of otoliths allows behavioral and brain-wide neuronal exploration of vestibulo-motor processing in larval zebrafish. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00621-8. [PMID: 37285844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The vestibular system in the inner ear plays a central role in sensorimotor control by informing the brain about the orientation and acceleration of the head. However, most experiments in neurophysiology are performed using head-fixed configurations, depriving animals of vestibular inputs. To overcome this limitation, we decorated the utricular otolith of the vestibular system in larval zebrafish with paramagnetic nanoparticles. This procedure effectively endowed the animal with magneto-sensitive capacities: applied magnetic field gradients induced forces on the otoliths, resulting in robust behavioral responses comparable to those evoked by rotating the animal by up to 25°. We recorded the whole-brain neuronal response to this fictive motion stimulation using light-sheet functional imaging. Experiments performed in unilaterally injected fish revealed the activation of a commissural inhibition between the brain hemispheres. This magnetic-based stimulation technique for larval zebrafish opens new perspectives to functionally dissect the neural circuits underlying vestibular processing and to develop multisensory virtual environments, including vestibular feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Beiza-Canelo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hippolyte Moulle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Pujol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France; IBENS, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Panier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Plateforme d'Imagerie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Migault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Le Goc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Tapie
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Desprat
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hans Straka
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstr. 2, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Georges Debrégeas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Volker Bormuth
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 75005 Paris, France.
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Soto E, Pliego A, Vega R. Vestibular prosthesis: from basic research to clinics. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1161860. [PMID: 37265514 PMCID: PMC10230114 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1161860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Balance disorders are highly prevalent worldwide, causing substantial disability with high personal and socioeconomic impact. The prognosis in many of these patients is poor, and rehabilitation programs provide little help in many cases. This medical problem can be addressed using microelectronics by combining the highly successful cochlear implant experience to produce a vestibular prosthesis, using the technical advances in micro gyroscopes and micro accelerometers, which are the electronic equivalents of the semicircular canals (SCC) and the otolithic organs. Reaching this technological milestone fostered the possibility of using these electronic devices to substitute the vestibular function, mainly for visual stability and posture, in case of damage to the vestibular endorgans. The development of implantable and non-implantable devices showed diverse outcomes when considering the integrity of the vestibular pathways, the device parameters (current intensity, impedance, and waveform), and the targeted physiological function (balance and gaze). In this review, we will examine the development and testing of various prototypes of the vestibular implant (VI). The insight raised by examining the state-of-the-art vestibular prosthesis will facilitate the development of new device-development strategies and discuss the feasibility of complex combinations of implantable devices for disorders that directly affect balance and motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Soto
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Fisiología, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Pliego
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Fisiología, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Facultad de Medicina, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Rosario Vega
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Fisiología, Puebla, Mexico
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32
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Lacquaniti F, La Scaleia B, Zago M. Noise and vestibular perception of passive self-motion. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1159242. [PMID: 37181550 PMCID: PMC10169592 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1159242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise defined as random disturbances is ubiquitous in both the external environment and the nervous system. Depending on the context, noise can degrade or improve information processing and performance. In all cases, it contributes to neural systems dynamics. We review some effects of various sources of noise on the neural processing of self-motion signals at different stages of the vestibular pathways and the resulting perceptual responses. Hair cells in the inner ear reduce the impact of noise by means of mechanical and neural filtering. Hair cells synapse on regular and irregular afferents. Variability of discharge (noise) is low in regular afferents and high in irregular units. The high variability of irregular units provides information about the envelope of naturalistic head motion stimuli. A subset of neurons in the vestibular nuclei and thalamus are optimally tuned to noisy motion stimuli that reproduce the statistics of naturalistic head movements. In the thalamus, variability of neural discharge increases with increasing motion amplitude but saturates at high amplitudes, accounting for behavioral violation of Weber's law. In general, the precision of individual vestibular neurons in encoding head motion is worse than the perceptual precision measured behaviorally. However, the global precision predicted by neural population codes matches the high behavioral precision. The latter is estimated by means of psychometric functions for detection or discrimination of whole-body displacements. Vestibular motion thresholds (inverse of precision) reflect the contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic noise to perception. Vestibular motion thresholds tend to deteriorate progressively after the age of 40 years, possibly due to oxidative stress resulting from high discharge rates and metabolic loads of vestibular afferents. In the elderly, vestibular thresholds correlate with postural stability: the higher the threshold, the greater is the postural imbalance and risk of falling. Experimental application of optimal levels of either galvanic noise or whole-body oscillations can ameliorate vestibular function with a mechanism reminiscent of stochastic resonance. Assessment of vestibular thresholds is diagnostic in several types of vestibulopathies, and vestibular stimulation might be useful in vestibular rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lacquaniti
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Centre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara La Scaleia
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Myrka Zago
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, Centre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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33
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Corli G, Tirri M, Bilel S, Giorgetti A, Bernardi T, Boccuto F, Borsari M, Giorgetti R, Marti M. Ethanol enhances JWH-018-induced impairment of sensorimotor and memory functions in mice: From preclinical evidence to forensic implication in Driving Under the Influence of Drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 247:109888. [PMID: 37120918 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several new Synthetic Cannabinoids have appeared each year since their introduction into the illicit drug market as recreational drugs. Among these, naphtalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl) methanone (JWH-018) is one of the most detected compounds in biological samples from patients involved in intoxication or death cases. Furthermore, consumption of JWH-018 has been linked to several cases of Driving Under the Influence of Drugs (DUID) suggesting that effects induced by this compound can affect individuals' ability to drive. METHODS Given the high spread of polydrug consumption and the wide number of alcohol-related traffic accidents, this study aims to investigate the acute effects induced by co-administration of JWH-018 with ethanol on sensorimotor and motor responses, grip strength and memory functions in CD-1 male mice. Acute impairments induced by JWH-018 and ethanol alone have also been investigated, in order to compare their effects with that induced by their concurrent administration. RESULTS In vivo behavioral experiments revealed a worsening of the cognitive and sensorimotor disruption after the co-administration of JWH-018 with ethanol compared to single compounds. CONCLUSIONS These animal-based findings suggest a potential increased impairment on psychomotor performances which could be related to driving abilities posed by poly-drug consumption involving SCs and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bernardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Federica Boccuto
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Borsari
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
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El Mahmoudi N, Laurent C, Péricat D, Watabe I, Lapotre A, Jacob PY, Tonetto A, Tighilet B, Sargolini F. Long-lasting spatial memory deficits and impaired hippocampal plasticity following unilateral vestibular loss. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 223:102403. [PMID: 36821981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral vestibular loss (UVL) induces a characteristic vestibular syndrome composed of various posturo-locomotor, oculomotor, vegetative and perceptivo-cognitive symptoms. Functional deficits are progressively recovered over time during vestibular compensation, that is supported by the expression of multiscale plasticity mechanisms. While the dynamic of post-UVL posturo-locomotor and oculomotor deficits is well characterized, the expression over time of the cognitive deficits, and in particular spatial memory deficits, is still debated. In this study we aimed at investigating spatial memory deficits and their recovery in a rat model of unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN), using a wide spectrum of behavioral tasks. In parallel, we analyzed markers of hippocampal plasticity involved in learning and memory. Our results indicate the UVN affects all domains of spatial memory, from working memory to reference memory and object-in-place recognition. These deficits are associated with long-lasting impaired plasticity in the ipsilesional hippocampus. These results highlight the crucial role of symmetrical vestibular information in spatial memory and contribute to a better understanding of the cognitive disorders observed in vestibular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada El Mahmoudi
- Aix-Marseille Université -CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Centre Saint Charles, Case C; 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France.
| | - Célia Laurent
- Aix-Marseille Université -CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Centre Saint Charles, Case C; 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France
| | - David Péricat
- Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier -CNRS, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Watabe
- Aix-Marseille Université -CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Centre Saint Charles, Case C; 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France
| | - Agnès Lapotre
- Aix-Marseille Université -CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Centre Saint Charles, Case C; 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Jacob
- Aix-Marseille Université -CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Centre Saint Charles, Case C; 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France
| | - Alain Tonetto
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR 1739), PRATIM, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix-Marseille Université -CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Centre Saint Charles, Case C; 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France
| | - Francesca Sargolini
- Aix-Marseille Université -CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Centre Saint Charles, Case C; 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France.
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Mildren RL, Cullen KE. Vestibular Contributions to Primate Neck Postural Muscle Activity during Natural Motion. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2326-2337. [PMID: 36801822 PMCID: PMC10072293 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1831-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain stable posture of the head and body during our everyday activities, the brain integrates information across multiple sensory systems. Here, we examined how the primate vestibular system, independently and in combination with visual sensory input, contributes to the sensorimotor control of head posture across the range of dynamic motion experienced during daily life. We recorded activity of single motor units in the splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoid muscles in rhesus monkeys during yaw rotations spanning the physiological range of self-motion (up to 20 Hz) in darkness. Splenius capitis motor unit responses continued to increase with frequency up to 16 Hz in normal animals, and were strikingly absent following bilateral peripheral vestibular loss. To determine whether visual information modulated these vestibular-driven neck muscle responses, we experimentally controlled the correspondence between visual and vestibular cues of self-motion. Surprisingly, visual information did not influence motor unit responses in normal animals, nor did it substitute for absent vestibular feedback following bilateral peripheral vestibular loss. A comparison of muscle activity evoked by broadband versus sinusoidal head motion further revealed that low-frequency responses were attenuated when low- and high-frequency self-motion were experienced concurrently. Finally, we found that vestibular-evoked responses were enhanced by increased autonomic arousal, quantified via pupil size. Together, our findings directly establish the vestibular system's contribution to the sensorimotor control of head posture across the dynamic motion range experienced during everyday activities, as well as how vestibular, visual, and autonomic inputs are integrated for postural control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our sensory systems enable us to maintain control of our posture and balance as we move through the world. Notably, the vestibular system senses motion of the head and sends motor commands, via vestibulospinal pathways, to axial and limb muscles to stabilize posture. By recording the activity of single motor units, here we show, for the first time, that the vestibular system contributes to the sensorimotor control of head posture across the dynamic motion range experienced during everyday activities. Our results further establish how vestibular, autonomic, and visual inputs are integrated for postural control. This information is essential for understanding both the mechanisms underlying the control of posture and balance, and the impact of the loss of sensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Mildren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Huang Y, Zhou Q, Li W, Chen Y. The expression of p27 in the adult vestibular sensory organs and its possible roles. Neurosci Lett 2023; 800:137128. [PMID: 36792024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular hair cells (HCs) located in the inner ear are the receptors of vestibular sensory, which facilitates the human sense of balance. The detailed differentiation pattern and maturation process of the vestibular HCs are unclear now. p27, a cyclin/CDK inhibitor, plays a critical role in regulating the exit of cell cycle. We found that p27 was continuously expressed in the terminally differentiated and mature vestibular HCs using p27-P2A-iCreER/+; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato/+ mice, suggesting p27 might have novel roles independent of its CDK inhibitory action. p27 is also reported to be associated with cell differentiation, cell migration and cell survival. We further explored the difference of p27 expression between two subtypes of vestibular HCs, and found that the proportion of p27-tdTomato positive type I vestibular HCs increased gradually along the subtype determination and maturation of vestibular HCs, suggesting that p27 might play a role in the HC subtype differentiation, maturation and function acquirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Huang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutesof Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.
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Biomechanics and neural circuits for vestibular-induced fine postural control in larval zebrafish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1217. [PMID: 36898983 PMCID: PMC10006170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Land-walking vertebrates maintain a desirable posture by finely controlling muscles. It is unclear whether fish also finely control posture in the water. Here, we showed that larval zebrafish have fine posture control. When roll-tilted, fish recovered their upright posture using a reflex behavior, which was a slight body bend near the swim bladder. The vestibular-induced body bend produces a misalignment between gravity and buoyancy, generating a moment of force that recovers the upright posture. We identified the neural circuits for the reflex, including the vestibular nucleus (tangential nucleus) through reticulospinal neurons (neurons in the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus) to the spinal cord, and finally to the posterior hypaxial muscles, a special class of muscles near the swim bladder. These results suggest that fish maintain a dorsal-up posture by frequently performing the body bend reflex and demonstrate that the reticulospinal pathway plays a critical role in fine postural control.
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Pettorossi VE, Occhigrossi C, Panichi R, Botti FM, Ferraresi A, Ricci G, Faralli M. Induction and Cancellation of Self-Motion Misperception by Asymmetric Rotation in the Light. Audiol Res 2023; 13:196-206. [PMID: 36960980 PMCID: PMC10037580 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres13020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetrical sinusoidal whole-body rotation sequences with half-cycles at different velocities induce self-motion misperception. This is due to an adaptive process of the vestibular system that progressively reduces the perception of slow motion and increases that of fast motion. It was found that perceptual responses were conditioned by four previous cycles of asymmetric rotation in the dark, as the perception of self-motion during slow and fast rotations remained altered for several minutes. Surprisingly, this conditioned misperception remained even when asymmetric stimulation was performed in the light, a state in which vision completely cancels out the perceptual error. This suggests that vision is unable to cancel the misadaptation in the vestibular system but corrects it downstream in the central perceptual processing. Interestingly, the internal vestibular perceptual misperception can be cancelled by a sequence of asymmetric rotations with fast/slow half-cycles in a direction opposite to that of the conditioning asymmetric rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Enrico Pettorossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Physiology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Occhigrossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Physiology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Panichi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Physiology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Massimo Botti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Physiology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Aldo Ferraresi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Physiology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giampietro Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Faralli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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39
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Kirollos R, Herdman CM. Caloric vestibular stimulation induces vestibular circular vection even with a conflicting visual display presented in a virtual reality headset. Iperception 2023; 14:20416695231168093. [PMID: 37113619 PMCID: PMC10126621 DOI: 10.1177/20416695231168093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored visual-vestibular sensory integration when the vestibular system receives self-motion information using caloric irrigation. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine if measurable vestibular circular vection can be induced in healthy participants using caloric vestibular stimulation and (2) determine if a conflicting visual display could impact vestibular vection. In Experiment 1 (E1), participants had their eyes closed. Air caloric vestibular stimulation cooled the endolymph fluid of the horizontal semi-circular canal inducing vestibular circular vection. Participants reported vestibular circular vection with a potentiometer knob that measured circular vection direction, speed, and duration. In Experiment 2 (E2), participants viewed a stationary display in a virtual reality headset that did not signal self-motion while receiving caloric vestibular stimulation. This produced a visual-vestibular conflict. Participants indicated clockwise vection in the left ear and counter-clockwise vection in right ear in a significant proportion of trials in E1 and E2. Vection was significantly slower and shorter in E2 compared to E1. E2 results demonstrated that during visual-vestibular conflict, visual and vestibular cues are used to determine self-motion rather than one system overriding the other. These results are consistent with optimal cue integration hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Kirollos
- Ramy Kirollos, Defence Research and Development
Canada, Toronto Research Center, 1133 Sheppard Ave. W., Toronto, Ontario, M3 K 2C9,
Canada; Visualization and Simulation Center, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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40
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Moving Down the Slope: from Scaffolding to Autonomous Mastery. HUMAN ARENAS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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41
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Abe C, Katayama C, Ohbayashi K, Horii K, Ogawa B, Fujimoto C, Iwasaki Y, Nin F, Morita H. Galvanic vestibular stimulation-induced activation of C1 neurons in medulla oblongata protects against acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R152-R160. [PMID: 36534584 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00131.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic nerves, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, control the immune system along with their physiological functions. On the peripheral side, the interaction between the splenic sympathetic nerves and immune cells is important for the anti-inflammatory effects. However, the central mechanism underlying these anti-inflammatory effects remains unclear. C1 neurons respond to stressors and subsequently determine the outflow of the autonomic nervous system. We have previously shown that C1 neurons protect against acute kidney injury and found a signaling connection between peripheral vestibular organs and C1 neurons. Thus, we hypothesized that hypergravity load or galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) might protect against acute lung injury. We showed that C1 neurons are histologically and functionally activated by stimulating the peripheral vestibular organs. Protection against acute lung injury that was induced by a 2 G load disappeared due to vestibular lesions or the deletion of C1 neurons. This GVS-induced protective effect was also eliminated by the deletion of the C1 neurons. Furthermore, GVS increased splenic sympathetic nerve activity in conscious mice, and splenic sympathetic denervation abolished the GVS-induced protection against acute lung injury. Therefore, the activated pathway between C1 neurons and splenic sympathetic nerves is indispensable for GVS-induced protection against acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Abe
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Preemptive Food Research Center (PFRC), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chikako Katayama
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kento Ohbayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Horii
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Bakushi Ogawa
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chisato Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nin
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morita
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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42
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Jiang Y, Liu J, Zhang W, Xiang G, Chen Y, He C, Shen H, Gong J, Bian Y. A low-frequency acceleration sensor inspired by saccule in human vestibule. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:025005. [PMID: 36859047 DOI: 10.1063/5.0126150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A human vestibular system is a group of devices in the inner ear that govern the balancing movement of the head, in which the saccule is responsible for sensing gravity accelerations. Imitating the sensing principle and structure of the Sensory Hair (SH) cell in the saccule, a Bionic Sensory Hair (BSH) was developed, and 9 BSH arrays were arranged in the bionic macular at the bottom of the spherical shell to prepare a Bionic Saccule (BS). Based on the piezoelectric equation, the electromechanical theoretical models of the BSH cantilever and BS were deduced. They were subjected to impact oscillations using an exciter, and their output charges were analyzed to check their sensing ability. The results showed that BSH could sense its bending deflection, and the BS could sense its position change in the sagittal plane and in space. They exhibited a sensitivity of 1.6104 Pc s2/m and a fast response and similar sensing principles and low resonance frequency to those of the human saccule. The BS is expected to be used in the field of robotics and clinical disease diagnosis as a part of the artificial vestibular system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Jiang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jialong Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangcheng Xiang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Can He
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Junjie Gong
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Bian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, China
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Corli G, Tirri M, Arfè R, Marchetti B, Bernardi T, Borsari M, Odoardi S, Mestria S, Strano-Rossi S, Neri M, Gaudio RM, Bilel S, Marti M. Pharmaco-Toxicological Effects of Atypical Synthetic Cathinone Mephtetramine (MTTA) in Mice: Possible Reasons for Its Brief Appearance over NPSs Scene. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020161. [PMID: 36831704 PMCID: PMC9954072 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last year, NPSs have been steadily on the rise in the illicit drug market. Among these, synthetic cathinones seem to become increasingly popular among young adults, mainly because of their ability to replicate the effects of traditional psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine, MDMA and amphetamines. However, scarce data are available about the in vivo pharmaco-toxicology of these new substances. To this end, this study focused on evaluation of effects induced by repeated administration of mephtetramine (MTTA 0.1-30 mg/kg i.p.) in mice. This atypical cathinone highlighted a sensorial (inhibition of visual and acoustic reflexes) and transient physiological parameter (decrease in breath rate and temperature) change in mice. Regarding motor activity, both a dose-dependent increase (accelerod test) and biphasic effect (drag and mobility time test) have been shown. In addition, blood and urine samples have been analysed to enrich the experimental featuring of the present study with reference to evaluation of potential toxicity related to consumption of MTTA. The latter analysis has particularly revealed important changes in blood cells count and blood and urine physicochemical profile after repeated treatment with this atypical cathinone. Moreover, MTTA induced histological changes in heart, kidney and liver samples, emphasizing its potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Arfè
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bernardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Borsari
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Odoardi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Mestria
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Strano-Rossi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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44
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Han Y, Bai Y, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Chen T, Wang W, Ni G. Assessing vestibular function using electroencephalogram rhythms evoked during the caloric test. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1126214. [PMID: 36908620 PMCID: PMC9996014 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vestibular system is responsible for motion perception and balance preservation in the body. The vestibular function examination is useful for determining the cause of associated symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of the patients. The associated cerebral cortex processes and integrates information and is the ultimate perceptual site for vestibular-related symptoms. In recent clinical examinations, less consideration has been given to the cortex associated with the vestibular system. As a result, it is crucial to increase focus on the expression of the cortical level while evaluating vestibular function. From the viewpoint of neuroelectrophysiology, electroencephalograms (EEG) can enhance the assessments of vestibular function at the cortex level. Methods This study recorded nystagmus and EEG data throughout the caloric test. Four phases were considered according to the vestibular activation status: before activation, activation, fixation suppression, and recovery. In different phases, the distribution and changes of the relative power of the EEG rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) were analyzed, and the correlation between EEG characteristics and nystagmus was also investigated. Results The results showed that, when the vestibule was activated, the alpha power of the occipital region increased, and the beta power of the central and top regions and the occipital region on the left decreased. The changes in the alpha and beta rhythms significantly correlate with nystagmus values in left warm stimulation. Discussion Our findings offer a fresh perspective on cortical electrophysiology for the assessment of vestibular function by demonstrating that the relative power change in EEG rhythms can be used to assess vestibular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Han
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanru Bai
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China
| | - Yuncheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Taisheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China
| | - Guangjian Ni
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
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Debenham MIB, Kang HJ, Cheung SS, Dalton BH. The influence of reduced foot dorsum cutaneous sensitivity on the vestibular control of balance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:65-79. [PMID: 36169737 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Foot sole cooling increases vestibular-evoked balance responses, but less is known about foot dorsum temperature alterations. The purpose was to determine whether decreasing cutaneous receptor sensitivity via foot dorsum cooling modulates the vestibular control of balance. METHODS Eighteen participants (9 males; 9 females) stood quietly on a force plate with feet together, eyes closed, and head rotated leftward during 4, 90-s trials (2 control; 2 cooled) of continuous electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS). Icepacks placed on the dorsum of both feet for 15 min induced cooling and remained throughout the EVS trials. Monofilament testing was performed at multiple locations before and after cooling to determine tactile detection thresholds. T-type thermocouples monitored skin temperature over the tibialis anterior, soleus, foot dorsum and arch of the right leg. Vestibular-evoked balance responses were characterized using time (cumulant density) and frequency (coherence and gain) domain analyses to determine the relationship between the EVS input and motor output (anteroposterior force-AP force; right medial gastrocnemius electromyography-MG EMG). RESULTS Skin temperature of the foot dorsum and arch decreased ~ 70 and 15%, respectively during cooling (p < 0.05), but was unaltered at other locations (p ≥ 0.10). Detection thresholds for the foot dorsum increased following cooling (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, cooling reduced EVS-AP force and EVS-MG EMG coherence and gain at multiple frequencies, and peak-to-peak amplitude compared to control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that vestibular-driven balance responses are reduced following foot dorsum cooling, likely owing to alterations in cutaneous mechanoreceptor sensitivity and subsequent alterations in the transformation of vestibular cues for balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew I B Debenham
- Sensorimotor Physiology and Integrative Neuromechanics Lab, Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Hogun J Kang
- Sensorimotor Physiology and Integrative Neuromechanics Lab, Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen S Cheung
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- Sensorimotor Physiology and Integrative Neuromechanics Lab, Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Cullen KE, Chacron MJ. Neural substrates of perception in the vestibular thalamus during natural self-motion: A review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 4:100073. [PMID: 36926598 PMCID: PMC10011815 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence across multiple sensory modalities suggests that the thalamus does not simply relay information from the periphery to the cortex. Here we review recent findings showing that vestibular neurons within the ventral posteriolateral area of the thalamus perform nonlinear transformations on their afferent input that determine our subjective awareness of motion. Specifically, these neurons provide a substrate for previous psychophysical observations that perceptual discrimination thresholds are much better than predictions from Weber's law. This is because neural discrimination thresholds, which are determined from both variability and sensitivity, initially increase but then saturate with increasing stimulus amplitude, thereby matching the previously observed dependency of perceptual self-motion discrimination thresholds. Moreover, neural response dynamics give rise to unambiguous and optimized encoding of natural but not artificial stimuli. Finally, vestibular thalamic neurons selectively encode passively applied motion when occurring concurrently with voluntary (i.e., active) movements. Taken together, these results show that the vestibular thalamus plays an essential role towards generating motion perception as well as shaping our vestibular sense of agency that is not simply inherited from afferent input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Büki B, Migliaccio AA. The vergence-mediated gain increase: Physiology and clinical relevance. J Vestib Res 2023; 33:173-186. [PMID: 37005906 DOI: 10.3233/ves-220133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During near-viewing, the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) response/gain increases to compensate for the relatively larger translation of the eyes with respect to the target. OBJECTIVE To review vergence-mediated gain increase (VMGI) testing methods stimuli and responses (latency and amplitude), peripheral/central pathways and clinical relevance. METHODS The authors discuss publications listed in PUBMED since 1980 in the light of their own studies. RESULTS The VMGI can be measured during rotational, linear and combined head accelerations. It has short-latency, non-compensatory amplitude, and relies on irregularly discharging peripheral afferents and their pathways. It is driven by a combination of perception, visual-context and internal modelling. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there are technical barriers that hinder VMGI measurement in the clinic. However, the VMGI may have diagnostic value, especially with regards to measuring otolith function. The VMGI also may have potential value in rehabilitation by providing insight about a patient's lesion and how to best tailor a rehabilitation program for them, that potentially includes VOR adaptation training during near-viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Büki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Karl Landsteiner University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg, Austria
| | - Americo A Migliaccio
- Balance and Vision Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Rhyu HS, Hong SY, Rhi SY. EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO DE REABILITAÇÃO ACELERADA DEPOIS DE TBM SOBRE A FUNÇÃO E A FORÇA NA INSTABILIDADE DO TORNOZELO. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329022022_0117p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: Os atletas de taekwondo com instabilidade lateral crônica do tornozelo (ILCT) podem apresentar dificuldades com propriocepção e força muscular do tornozelo. Depois da cirurgia, um programa de exercícios de reabilitação convencional pode ser ineficaz, porque a propriocepção ou a força muscular podem não se restaurar e, portanto, resultar em melhora mínima. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um programa de ERA depois de TBM sobre a propriocepção, força isocinética e resistência do tornozelo. Métodos: Trinta atletas com diagnóstico de ILCT foram submetidos à TBM. Eles foram divididos em grupo ERA (n=15) e grupo controle CON (n = 15). O grupo ERA realizou exercícios ERA precoces seis vezes por semana durante 4 semanas. Os parâmetros aplicados para testar a força muscular do tornozelo foram velocidade angular de 30°/s e 180°/s (inversão: Inv e eversão: Eve, respectivamente). A propriocepção foi medida pela capacidade de sentir a posição articular de 15° de Inv e 5° de Eve Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos ERA e CON na força do tornozelo 30°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), 180°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), e propriocepção a 15° (Inv: p < 0,001) e 5° (Eve: p < 0,001). Conclusões: Registramos efeitos de curto prazo significativos com ERA precoce em atletas de taekwondo com ILCT depois da TBM. Os resultados fornecem dados de referência para o reabilitador esportivo ou ATC (Certified athletic trainer) na avaliação da fase de reabilitação e informar os pacientes sobre as expectativas depois da TBM em termos de condições de desempenho e momento de retorno ao esporte. Nível de evidência III; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação dos resultados do tratamento - Estudo de caso-controle.
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Cullen KE. Vestibular motor control. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:31-54. [PMID: 37562876 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The vestibular system is an essential sensory system that generates motor reflexes that are crucial for our daily activities, including stabilizing the visual axis of gaze and maintaining head and body posture. In addition, the vestibular system provides us with our sense of movement and orientation relative to space and serves a vital role in ensuring accurate voluntary behaviors. Neurophysiological studies have provided fundamental insights into the functional circuitry of vestibular motor pathways. A unique feature of the vestibular system compared to other sensory systems is that the same central neurons that receive direct input from the afferents of the vestibular component of the 8th nerve can also directly project to motor centers that control vital vestibular motor reflexes. In turn, these reflexes ensure stabilize gaze and the maintenance of posture during everyday activities. For instance, a direct three-neuron pathway mediates the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathway to provide stable gaze. Furthermore, recent studies have advanced our understanding of the computations performed by the cerebellum and cortex required for motor learning, compensation, and voluntary movement and navigation. Together, these findings have provided new insights into how the brain ensures accurate self-movement during our everyday activities and have also advanced our knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying disorders of vestibular processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Cullen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and of Neuroscience; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Rhyu HS, Hong SY, Rhi SY. EFFECTS OF ACCELERATED REHABILITATION EXERCISE AFTER MBO ON ANKLE FUNCTION AND STRENGTH IN ANKLE INSTABILITY. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329022022_0117i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Taekwondo athletes with lateral chronic ankle instability (LCAI) may experience difficulties with proprioception and ankle muscle strength. After surgery, a conventional rehabilitation exercise program can be ineffective, as it may not restore proprioception or muscle strength and, thus, result in minimal improvement. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of an ARE program following MBO on the proprioception, isokinetic strength, and endurance of ankle. Methods: Thirty athletes diagnosed with LCAI underwent MBO. They were divided into the ARE group (n=15) and the control group (CON, n=15). The ARE group performed early ARE exercises six times per week for 4 weeks. The parameters applied to test ankle muscle strength were angular speed of 30°/sec and 180°/sec (inversion: Inv. and eversion: Eve., respectively). Proprioception was measured as being able to sense a joint position of 15° of Inv. and 5° of Eve. Results: Significant differences were observed between the ARE and CON groups in ankle strength 30°/sec (Inv.: p<0.001, Eve.: p<0.001), 180°/sec (Inv.: p<0.001, Eve.: p<0.001), and proprioception at 15° (Inv.: p<0.001) and 5° (Eve.: p<0.001). Conclusions: We recorded significant short-term effects from early ARE in Taekwondo athletes with LCAI after MBO. The results provide reference data for the sports rehabilitator or ATC in evaluating the rehabilitation phase and informing patients about expectations after MBO in terms of performance status and the timing of return to sports. Level of evidence III; Therapeutic studies–Investigation of treatment outcomes - Case-control Study.
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