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Takahashi A. Associations of the immune system in aggression traits and the role of microglia as mediators. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110021. [PMID: 38825308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
There is an important relationship between the immune system and aggressive behavior. Aggressive encounters acutely increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and there are positive correlations between aggressive traits and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, which results in peripheral immune activation, decreases aggressive behavior as one of the sickness behavioral symptoms. In contrast, certain brain infections and chronic interferon treatment are associated with increased aggression. Indeed, the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the brain in aggressive behavior are bidirectional, depending on the type and dose of cytokine, target brain region, and type of aggression. Some studies have suggested that microglial activation and neuroinflammation influence intermale aggression in rodent models. In addition, pathological conditions as well as physiological levels of cytokines produced by microglia play an important role in social and aggressive behavior in adult animals. Furthermore, microglial function in early development is necessary for the establishment of the social brain and the expression of juvenile social behaviors, including play fighting. Overall, this review discusses the important link between the immune system and aggressive traits and the role of microglia as mediators of this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Liu H, Jiang M, Chen Z, Li C, Yin X, Zhang X, Wu M. The Role of the Complement System in Synaptic Pruning after Stroke. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0373. [PMID: 39012667 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a serious disease that can lead to local neurological dysfunction and cause great harm to the patient's health due to blood cerebral circulation disorder. Synaptic pruning is critical for the normal development of the human brain, which makes the synaptic circuit completer and more efficient by removing redundant synapses. The complement system is considered a key player in synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative disease. After stroke, the complement system is over-activated, and complement proteins can be labeled on synapses. Microglia and astrocytes can recognize and engulf synapses through corresponding complement receptors. Complement-mediated excessive synaptic pruning can cause post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and secondary brain damage. This review summarizes the latest progress of complement-mediated synaptic pruning after stroke and the potential mechanisms. Targeting complement-mediated synaptic pruning may be essential for exploring therapeutic strategies for secondary brain injury (SBI) and neurological dysfunction after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
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Hanin A, Zhang L, Huttner AJ, Plu I, Mathon B, Bielle F, Navarro V, Hirsch LJ, Hafler DA. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Brain Parenchyma in Patients With New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE). NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200259. [PMID: 38810181 PMCID: PMC11139018 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) occurs in previously healthy children or adults, often followed by refractory epilepsy and poor outcomes. The mechanisms that transform a normal brain into an epileptic one capable of seizing for prolonged periods despite treatment remain unclear. Nonetheless, several pieces of evidence suggest that immune dysregulation could contribute to hyperexcitability and modulate NORSE sequelae. METHODS We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to delineate the composition and phenotypic states of the CNS of 4 patients with NORSE, to better understand the relationship between hyperexcitability and immune disturbances. We compared them with 4 patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 2 controls with no known neurologic disorder. RESULTS Patients with NORSE and TLE exhibited a significantly higher proportion of excitatory neurons compared with controls, with no discernible difference in inhibitory GABAergic neurons. When examining the ratio between excitatory neurons and GABAergic neurons for each patient individually, we observed a higher ratio in patients with acute NORSE or TLE compared with controls. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between the ratio of excitatory to GABAergic neurons and the proportion of GABAergic neurons. The ratio between excitatory neurons and GABAergic neurons correlated with the proportion of resident or infiltrating macrophages, suggesting the influence of microglial reactivity on neuronal excitability. Both patients with NORSE and TLE exhibited increased expression of genes associated with microglia activation, phagocytic activity, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, patients with NORSE had decreased expression of genes related to the downregulation of the inflammatory response, potentially explaining the severity of their presentation. Microglial activation in patients with NORSE also correlated with astrocyte reactivity, possibly leading to higher degrees of demyelination. DISCUSSION Our study sheds light on the complex cellular dynamics in NORSE, revealing the potential roles of microglia, infiltrating macrophages, and astrocytes in hyperexcitability and demyelination, offering potential avenues for future research targeting the identified pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hanin
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Le Zhang
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anita J Huttner
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Plu
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Mathon
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lawrence J Hirsch
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David A Hafler
- From the Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology (A.H., L.Z., D.A.H.); Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.H., L.J.H.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sorbonne Université (A.H., I.P., B.M., V.N.), Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP; AP-HP (A.H., V.N.), Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Pathology (A.J.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; AP-HP (I.P., F.B.), Department of Neuropathology, DMU Neurosciences; AP-HP (B.M.), Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies (V.N.), EpiCare, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Liang JH, Yu H, Xia CP, Zheng YH, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Raza MA, Wu L, Yan H. Ginkgolide B effectively mitigates neuropathic pain by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the induction of mitophagy in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117006. [PMID: 38908197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a pathological state induced by the aberrant generation of pain signals within the nervous system. Ginkgolide B(GB), an active component found of Ginkgo. biloba leaves, has neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to explore the effects of GB on neuropathic pain and its underlying mechanisms. In the in vivo study, we adopted the rat chronic constriction injury model, and the results showed that GB(4 mg/kg) treatment effectively reduced pain sensation in rats and decreased the expressions of Iba-1 (a microglia marker), NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, in the spinal cord 7 days post-surgery. In the in vitro study, we induced microglial inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (500 ng/mL) / adenosine triphosphate (5 mM) and treated it with GB (10, 20, and 40 μM). GB upregulated the expression of mitophagy proteins, such as PINK1, Parkin, LC3 II/I, Tom20, and Beclin1, and decreased the cellular production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, it lowered the expression of inflammation-related proteins, such as Caspase-1, IL-1β, and NLRP3 in microglia. However, this effect was reversed by Parkin shRNA/siRNA or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (5 mM). These findings reveal that GB alleviates neuropathic pain by mitigating neuroinflammation through the activation of PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuan-Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue-Hui Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Geriatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mazhar Ali Raza
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hede Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Vilca SJ, Margetts AV, Höglund L, Fleites I, Bystrom LL, Pollock TA, Bourgain-Guglielmetti F, Wahlestedt C, Tuesta LM. Microglia contribute to methamphetamine reinforcement and reflect persistent transcriptional and morphological adaptations to the drug. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:339-351. [PMID: 38838836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that is characterized by repeated drug use despite negative consequences and for which there are currently no FDA-approved cessation therapeutics. Repeated methamphetamine (METH) use induces long-term gene expression changes in brain regions associated with reward processing and drug-seeking behavior, and recent evidence suggests that methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation may also shape behavioral and molecular responses to the drug. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are principal drivers of neuroinflammatory responses and contribute to the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. Here, we investigated transcriptional and morphological changes in dorsal striatal microglia in response to methamphetamine-taking and during methamphetamine abstinence, as well as their functional contribution to drug-taking behavior. We show that methamphetamine self-administration induces transcriptional changes associated with protein folding, mRNA processing, immune signaling, and neurotransmission in dorsal striatal microglia. Importantly, many of these transcriptional changes persist through abstinence, a finding supported by morphological analyses. Functionally, we report that microglial ablation increases methamphetamine-taking, possibly involving neuroimmune and neurotransmitter regulation. In contrast, microglial depletion during abstinence does not alter methamphetamine-seeking. Taken together, these results suggest that methamphetamine induces both short and long-term changes in dorsal striatal microglia that contribute to altered drug-taking behavior and may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara J Vilca
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Alexander V Margetts
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Leon Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Isabella Fleites
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Lauren L Bystrom
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Tate A Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Florence Bourgain-Guglielmetti
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Luis M Tuesta
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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6
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Amadio P, Sandrini L, Zarà M, Barbieri SS, Ieraci A. NADPH-oxidases as potential pharmacological targets for thrombosis and depression comorbidity. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103060. [PMID: 38310682 PMCID: PMC10848036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a complex interrelationship between the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with mental disorders, and vice versa, are prevalent. Adults with mental disorders such as anxiety and depression have a higher risk of developing CVD, and people with CVD have an increased risk of being diagnosed with mental disorders. Oxidative stress is one of the many pathways associated with the pathophysiology of brain and cardiovascular disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is one of the major generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells, as it is the enzyme that specifically produces superoxide. This review summarizes recent findings on the consequences of NOX activation in thrombosis and depression. It also discusses the therapeutic effects and pharmacological strategies of NOX inhibitors in CVD and brain disorders. A better comprehension of these processes could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of the comorbidity of thrombosis and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia S Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060, Novedrate (CO), Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Wang J, Zheng G, Wang L, Meng L, Ren J, Shang L, Li D, Bao Y. Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in pain. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1337150. [PMID: 38523645 PMCID: PMC10957601 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a clinical condition that is currently of great concern and is often caused by tissue or nerve damage or occurs as a concomitant symptom of a variety of diseases such as cancer. Severe pain seriously affects the functional status of the body. However, existing pain management programs are not fully satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to delve deeper into the pathological mechanisms underlying pain generation and to find new targets for drug therapy. Sphingolipids (SLs), as a major component of the bilayer structure of eukaryotic cell membranes, also have powerful signal transduction functions. Sphingolipids are abundant, and their intracellular metabolism constitutes a huge network. Sphingolipids and their various metabolites play significant roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, etc., and have powerful biological activities. The molecules related to sphingolipid metabolism, mainly the core molecule ceramide and the downstream metabolism molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are involved in the specific mechanisms of neurological disorders as well as the onset and progression of various types of pain, and are closely related to a variety of pain-related diseases. Therefore, sphingolipid metabolism can be the focus of research on pain regulation and provide new drug targets and ideas for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangda Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linghan Meng
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juanxia Ren
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Shang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongtao Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Shan L, Xu K, Ji L, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Hu Q, Wu J, Xu Y, Luo Y, Li C, Wu C, Jiang C, Wang Z. Injured sensory neurons-derived galectin-3 contributes to neuropathic pain via programming microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:80-99. [PMID: 38190982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have demonstrated spinal microglia play a critical role in central sensitization and contribute to chronic pain. Although several mediators that contribute to microglia activation have been identified, the mechanism of microglia activation and its functionally diversified mechanisms in pathological pain are still unclear. Here we report that injured sensory neurons-derived Galectin-3 (Gal3) activates and reprograms microglia in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and contributes to neuropathic pain. Firstly, Gal3 is predominantly expressed in the isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive non-peptidergic sensory neurons and significantly up-regulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and primary afferent terminals in SDH in the partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL)-induced neuropathic pain model. Gal3 knockout (Gal3 KO) mice showed a significant decrease in mechanical allodynia and Gal3 inhibitor TD-139 produced a significant anti-allodynia effect in the pSNL model. Furthermore, pSNL-induced microgliosis was compromised in Gal3 KO mice. Additionally, intrathecal injection of Gal3 produces remarkable mechanical allodynia by direct activation of microglia, which have enhanced inflammatory responses with TNF-α and IL-1β up-regulation. Thirdly, using single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identified that Gal3 targets microglia and induces reprogramming of microglia, which may contribute to neuropathic pain establishment. Finally, Gal3 enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in excitatory neurons in the SDH via microglia activation. Our findings reveal that injured sensory neurons-derived Gal3 programs microglia in the SDH and contribute to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Shan
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kangtai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Luyao Ji
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiaodan Hu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuanfan Xu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuhui Luo
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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9
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Zhao S, Umpierre AD, Wu LJ. Tuning neural circuits and behaviors by microglia in the adult brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:181-194. [PMID: 38245380 PMCID: PMC10939815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, contributing to both inflammatory damage and tissue repair in neurological disorder. In addition, emerging evidence highlights the role of homeostatic microglia in regulating neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating behaviors. Herein, we review how microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity through synaptic interactions, thereby directly engaging with neural networks and behaviors. We discuss current studies utilizing microglial optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches to modulate adult neural circuits. These manipulations of microglia across different CNS regions lead to diverse behavioral consequences. We propose that spatial heterogeneity of microglia-neuron interaction lays the groundwork for understanding diverse functions of microglia in neural circuits and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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10
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Li Y, Dang Q, Shen Y, Guo L, Liu C, Wu D, Fang L, Leng Y, Min W. Therapeutic effects of a walnut-derived peptide on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:2295-2313. [PMID: 38323487 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a key role in the development of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. However, strategies to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain elusive. Herein, we evaluated the impact of a walnut-derived peptide, TWLPLPR (TW-7), on cognitive impairment in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and explored its underlying mechanisms in high glucose-induced HT-22 cells. In the Morris water maze test, TW-7 alleviated cognitive deficits in mice; this was confirmed at the level of synaptic structure and dendritic spine density in the mouse hippocampus using transmission electron microscopy and Golgi staining. TW-7 increased the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins and suppressed the NEK7/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway, as determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The mechanism of action of TW-7 was verified in an HT-22 cell model of high glucose-induced insulin resistance. Collectively, TW-7 could regulate T2DM neuroinflammation and synaptic function-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improving synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Qiao Dang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Linxin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China.
- National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311300, China
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11
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Vilca SJ, Margetts AV, Fleites I, Wahlestedt C, Tuesta LM. Microglia contribute to methamphetamine reinforcement and reflect persistent transcriptional and morphological adaptations to the drug. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.19.563168. [PMID: 37961443 PMCID: PMC10634674 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that is characterized by repeated drug use despite negative consequences and for which there are currently no FDA-approved cessation therapeutics. Repeated methamphetamine (METH) use induces long-term gene expression changes in brain regions associated with reward processing and drug-seeking behavior, and recent evidence suggests that methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation may also shape behavioral and molecular responses to the drug. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are principal drivers of neuroinflammatory responses and contribute to the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. Here, we investigated transcriptional and morphological changes in dorsal striatal microglia in response to methamphetamine-taking and during methamphetamine abstinence, as well as their functional contribution to drug-taking behavior. We show that methamphetamine self-administration induces transcriptional changes associated with protein folding, mRNA processing, immune signaling, and neurotransmission in dorsal striatal microglia. Importantly, many of these transcriptional changes persist through abstinence, a finding supported by morphological analyses. Functionally, we report that microglial ablation increases methamphetamine-taking, possibly involving neuroimmune and neurotransmitter regulation, and that post-methamphetamine microglial repopulation attenuates drug-seeking following a 21-day period of abstinence. In contrast, microglial depletion during abstinence did not alter methamphetamine-seeking. Taken together, these results suggest that methamphetamine induces both short and long-term changes in dorsal striatal microglia that contribute to altered drug-taking behavior and may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara J. Vilca
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Alexander V. Margetts
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Isabella Fleites
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Luis M. Tuesta
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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12
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Zhao S, Wang L, Liang Y, Zheng J, Umpierre AD, Wu LJ. Chemogenetic activation of microglial Gi signaling decreases microglial surveillance and impairs neuronal synchronization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579861. [PMID: 38405754 PMCID: PMC10888941 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microglia actively survey the brain and dynamically interact with neurons to maintain brain homeostasis. Microglial Gi-protein coupled receptors (Gi-GPCRs) play a critical role in microglia-neuron communications. However, the impact of temporally activating microglial Gi signaling on microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in the homeostatic brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed Gi-based Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (Gi-DREADD) to selectively and temporally modulate microglial Gi signaling pathway. By integrating this chemogenetic approach with in vivo two-photon imaging, we observed that exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling transiently inhibited microglial process dynamics, reduced neuronal activity, and impaired neuronal synchronization. These altered neuronal functions were associated with a decrease in interactions between microglia and neuron somata. Altogether, this study demonstrates that acute, exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling can regulate neuronal circuit function, offering a potential pharmacological target for neuromodulation through microglia.
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13
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Nguyen LTM, Hassan S, Pan H, Wu S, Wen Z. Interplay of Zeb2a, Id2a and Batf3 regulates microglia and dendritic cell development in the zebrafish brain. Development 2024; 151:dev201829. [PMID: 38240311 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) harbours various immune cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular macrophages and dendritic cells, which act in coordination to establish an immune network to regulate neurogenesis and neural function, and to maintain the homeostasis of the CNS. Recent single cell transcriptomic profiling has revealed that the adult zebrafish CNS contains microglia, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and two conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), ccl35+ cDCs and cnn3a+cDCs. However, how these distinct myeloid cells are established in the adult zebrafish CNS remains incompletely defined. Here, we show that the Inhibitor of DNA binding 2a (Id2a) is essential for the development of pDCs and cDCs but is dispensable for the formation of microglia, whereas the Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3 (Batf3) acts downstream of id2a and is required exclusively for the formation of the cnn3a+ cDC subset. In contrast, the Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2a (Zeb2a) promotes the expansion of microglia and inhibits the DC specification, possibly through repressing id2a expression. Our study unravels the genetic networks that govern the development of microglia and brain-associated DCs in the zebrafish CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi My Nguyen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaoli Hassan
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongru Pan
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Science, the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
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14
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Xie YH, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Deng YH, Yang H, He Q, Zhou YN, Zhou CN, Luo YM, Liang X, Wang J, Huang DJ, Zhu L, Tang Y, Chao FL. Antagonizing LINGO-1 reduces activated microglia and alleviates dendritic spine loss in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 820:137612. [PMID: 38142924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglia are involved in synaptic pruning and mediate synapse loss. LINGO-1 is a negative regulator of nerve growth, and whether antagonizing LINGO-1 can attenuate synaptic pruning by microglia and rescue dendritic spines in the hippocampus in AD is still unclear. On this basis, the anti-LINGO-1 antibody, which binds to LINGO-1 protein and antagonizes the effects of LINGO-1, was administered to 10-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice for 2 months. The Morris water maze test, immunohistochemical and stereological methods, immunofluorescence and 3D reconstruction were used. Compared to wild-type mice, APP/PS1 transgenic mice had worse performance on behavioral tests, fewer dendritic spines but more microglia in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, the microglia in APP/PS1 transgenic mice had more branches of medium length (4-6 µm) and a cell body area with greater variability. Moreover, APP/PS1 transgenic mice had more postsynaptic termini colocalized with microglia in the hippocampus than wild-type mice. The anti-LINGO-1 antibody significantly reversed these changes in AD, indicating that the anti-LINGO-1 antibody can improve hippocampus-dependent learning and memory abilities and effectively rescue dendritic spines in the hippocampus of AD mice and that microglia might participate in this progression in AD. These results provide a scientific basis for further studying the mechanism of the anti-LINGO-1 antibody in AD and help to elucidate the role of LINGO-1 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Yu-Hui Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yu-Ning Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chun-Ni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yan-Min Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Du-Juan Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Feng-Lei Chao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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15
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Xu P, Yu Y, Wu P. Role of microglia in brain development after viral infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1340308. [PMID: 38298216 PMCID: PMC10825034 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1340308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells in the brain that originate from the yolk sac and enter the developing brain before birth. They play critical roles in brain development by supporting neural precursor proliferation, synaptic pruning, and circuit formation. However, microglia are also vulnerable to environmental factors, such as infection and stress that may alter their phenotype and function. Viral infection activates microglia to produce inflammatory cytokines and anti-viral responses that protect the brain from damage. However, excessive or prolonged microglial activation impairs brain development and leads to long-term consequences such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Moreover, certain viruses may attack microglia and deploy them as "Trojan horses" to infiltrate the brain. In this brief review, we describe the function of microglia during brain development and examine their roles after infection through microglia-neural crosstalk. We also identify limitations for current studies and highlight future investigated questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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16
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Reichert F, Zohar K, Lezmi E, Eliyahu T, Rotshenker S, Linial M, Weinstock M. Ladostigil Reduces the Adenoside Triphosphate/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines from Microglia and Modulate-Immune Regulators, TNFAIP3, and EGR1. Biomolecules 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38254713 PMCID: PMC10813603 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of aging rats for 6 months with ladostigil (1 mg/kg/day) prevented a decline in recognition and spatial memory and suppressed the overexpression of gene-encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 in the brain and microglial cultures. Primary cultures of mouse microglia stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 0.75 µg/mL) and benzoyl ATPs (BzATP) were used to determine the concentration of ladostigil that reduces the secretion of these cytokine proteins. Ladostigil (1 × 10-11 M), a concentration compatible with the blood of aging rats in, prevented memory decline and reduced secretion of IL1β and IL6 by ≈50%. RNA sequencing analysis showed that BzATP/LPS upregulated 25 genes, including early-growth response protein 1, (Egr1) which increased in the brain of subjects with neurodegenerative diseases. Ladostigil significantly decreased Egr1 gene expression and levels of the protein in the nucleus and increased TNF alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFaIP3), which suppresses cytokine release, in the microglial cytoplasm. Restoration of the aberrant signaling of these proteins in ATP/LPS-activated microglia in vivo might explain the prevention by ladostigil of the morphological and inflammatory changes in the brain of aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Reichert
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (F.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Keren Zohar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Elyad Lezmi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Tsiona Eliyahu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Shlomo Rotshenker
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (F.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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17
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Tewari M, Michalski S, Egan TM. Modulation of Microglial Function by ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors: Studies in Rat, Mice and Human. Cells 2024; 13:161. [PMID: 38247852 PMCID: PMC10814008 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors are a family of seven ATP-gated ion channels that trigger physiological and pathophysiological responses in a variety of cells. Five of the family members are sensitive to low concentrations of extracellular ATP, while the P2X6 receptor has an unknown affinity. The last subtype, the P2X7 receptor, is unique in requiring millimolar concentrations to fully activate in humans. This low sensitivity imparts the agonist with the ability to act as a damage-associated molecular pattern that triggers the innate immune response in response to the elevated levels of extracellular ATP that accompany inflammation and tissue damage. In this review, we focus on microglia because they are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, and they activate in response to ATP or its synthetic analog, BzATP. We start by introducing purinergic receptors and then briefly consider the roles that microglia play in neurodevelopment and disease by referencing both original works and relevant reviews. Next, we move to the role of extracellular ATP and P2X receptors in initiating and/or modulating innate immunity in the central nervous system. While most of the data that we review involve work on mice and rats, we highlight human studies of P2X7R whenever possible.
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18
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Luo EY, Sugimura RR. Taming microglia: the promise of engineered microglia in treating neurological diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38212785 PMCID: PMC10785527 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the CNS-resident immune cells, are implicated in many neurological diseases. Nearly one in six of the world's population suffers from neurological disorders, encompassing neurodegenerative and neuroautoimmune diseases, most with dysregulated neuroinflammation involved. Activated microglia become phagocytotic and secret various immune molecules, which are mediators of the brain immune microenvironment. Given their ability to penetrate through the blood-brain barrier in the neuroinflammatory context and their close interaction with neurons and other glial cells, microglia are potential therapeutic delivery vehicles and modulators of neuronal activity. Re-engineering microglia to treat neurological diseases is, thus, increasingly gaining attention. By altering gene expression, re-programmed microglia can be utilized to deliver therapeutics to targeted sites and control neuroinflammation in various neuroinflammatory diseases. This review addresses the current development in microglial engineering, including genetic targeting and therapeutic modulation. Furthermore, we discuss limitations to the genetic engineering techniques and models used to test the functionality of re-engineered microglia, including cell culture and animal models. Finally, we will discuss future directions for the application of engineered microglia in treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Echo Yongqi Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rio Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Takase H, Hamanaka G, Hoshino T, Ohtomo R, Guo S, Mandeville ET, Lo EH, Arai K. Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Neuroinflammation in the Corpus Callosum of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1421-1433. [PMID: 38277298 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, affecting a significant portion of the aging population. While the cerebral cortex and hippocampus have been the primary focus of AD research, accumulating evidence suggests that white matter lesions in the brain, particularly in the corpus callosum, play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the gene expression changes in the corpus callosum of 5xFAD transgenic mice, a widely used AD mouse model. METHODS We conducted behavioral tests for spatial learning and memory in 5xFAD transgenic mice and performed RNA sequencing analyses on the corpus callosum to examine transcriptomic changes. RESULTS Our results show cognitive decline and demyelination in the corpus callosum of 5xFAD transgenic mice. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a predominance of upregulated genes in AD mice, particularly those associated with immune cells, including microglia. Conversely, downregulation of genes related to chaperone function and clock genes such as Per1, Per2, and Cry1 is also observed. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that activation of neuroinflammation, disruption of chaperone function, and circadian dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of white matter lesions in AD. The findings provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and highlight the importance of addressing white matter pathology and circadian dysfunction in AD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takase
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials (Y-NEXT), Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tomonori Hoshino
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Wheeler S, Rai-Bhogal R, Crawford DA. Abnormal Microglial Density and Morphology in the Brain of Cyclooxygenase 2 Knockin Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 534:66-81. [PMID: 37863307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a signaling molecule produced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that is important in healthy brain development. Anomalies in the COX-2/PGE2 pathway due to genetic or environmental factors have been linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Our previous studies showed that COX-2 deficient (COX-2-KI) mice exhibit sex-dependent molecular changes in the brain and associated autism-related behaviors. Here, we aim to determine the effect of COX-2-KI on microglial density and morphology in the developing brain. Microglia normally transition between an amoeboid or ramified morphology depending on their surroundings and are important for the development of the healthy brain, assisting with synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, and phagocytosis. We use COX-2-KI male and female mice to evaluate microglia density, morphology, and branch length and number in five brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus) at the gestational day 19 (G19) and postnatal day 25 (PN25). We discovered that COX2-KI females were affected at G19 with increased microglial density, altered percentage of amoeboid and ramified microglia, affected branch length, and decreased branching networks in a region-specific manner; these effects persisted to PN25 in select regions. Interestingly, while limited changes were found in G19 COX-2-KI males, at PN25 we found increased microglial density, higher percentages of ramified microglia, and increased branch counts, and length observed in nearly all brain regions tested. Overall, we show for the first time that the COX-2 deficiency in our ASD mouse model influences microglia morphology in a sex- and region- and stage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wheeler
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Dorota A Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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21
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Lee JY, Jeong EA, Lee J, Shin HJ, Lee SJ, An HS, Kim KE, Kim WH, Bae YC, Kang H, Roh GS. TonEBP Haploinsufficiency Attenuates Microglial Activation and Memory Deficits in Middle-Aged and Amyloid β Oligomer-Treated Mice. Cells 2023; 12:2612. [PMID: 37998347 PMCID: PMC10670066 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related microglial activation is associated with cognitive impairment. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a critical mediator of microglial activation in response to neuroinflammation. However, the precise role of TonEBP in the middle-aged brain is not yet known. We used TonEBP haploinsufficient mice to investigate the role of TonEBP in middle-aged or amyloid β oligomer (AβO)-injected brains and examined the effect of TonEBP knockdown on AβO-treated BV2 microglial cells. Consistent with an increase in microglial activation with aging, hippocampal TonEBP expression levels were increased in middle-aged (12-month-old) and old (24-month-old) mice compared with young (6-month-old) mice. Middle-aged TonEBP haploinsufficient mice showed reduced microglial activation and fewer memory deficits than wild-type mice. Electron microscopy revealed that synaptic pruning by microglial processes was reduced by TonEBP haploinsufficiency. TonEBP haploinsufficiency also reduced dendritic spine loss and improved memory deficits in AβO-treated mice. Furthermore, TonEBP knockdown attenuated migration and phagocytosis in AβO-treated BV2 cells. These findings suggest that TonEBP plays important roles in age-related microglial activation and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
| | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heeyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.); (H.J.S.); (S.J.L.); (H.S.A.); (K.E.K.)
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Wang Y, Halawa M, Chatterjee A, Eshwaran R, Qiu Y, Wibowo YC, Pan J, Wieland T, Feng Y. Sufficient Cav-1 levels in the endothelium are critical for the maintenance of the neurovascular unit in the retina. Mol Med 2023; 29:152. [PMID: 37923999 PMCID: PMC10623831 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a pivotal protein in the plasma membrane. Studies on homozygous Cav-1 deficient mice revealed that Cav-1 is essential for endothelial function and angiogenesis in the retina. However, whether a reduction in Cav-1 content hampers the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the retina is unclear. Thus, this study examines the NVU in the retinas of heterozygous Cav-1 deficient (Cav-1+/-) mice and analyzes possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS The vascular, glial and neuronal components in the retina were evaluated using retinal morphometry, whole mount retinal immunofluorescence staining, histological analysis and optical coherence tomography. In addition, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining, subcellular fractionation, biotin labeling of cell surface proteins, and proximity ligation assay were employed to detect expression and localization of proteins in the retina or endothelial cells (ECs) upon knockdown of Cav-1 with Cav-1 siRNA. RESULTS Cav-1+/- retinas showed a significant reduction in pericyte coverage along with an increase in acellular capillaries compared to controls at 8 months of age, but not at 1 month. A significant loss and obvious morphological abnormalities of smooth muscle cells were observed in 8-month-old Cav-1+/- retinal arterioles. Macroglial and microglial cells were activated in the Cav-1+/- retinas. A transient significant delay in retinal angiogenesis was detected in Cav-1+/- retinas at p5, which was however no longer detectable at p10. The Cav-1+/- retinas displayed increased vascular permeability and a notable reduction in VEGFR2 content at 8 months. In vitro, siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments in ECs revealed that the loss of Cav-1 in ECs resulted in decreased levels of VEGFR2, VE-Cadherin and their interaction at the plasma membrane as well. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a sufficient Cav-1 level over 50% of its normal abundance is vital for the proper localization of VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin, likely in a complex, at the plasma membrane, which is essential for the maintenance of normal NVU in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Halawa
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anupriya Chatterjee
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rachana Eshwaran
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yi Qiu
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jianyuan Pan
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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23
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Stanley ER, Biundo F, Gökhan Ş, Chitu V. Differential regulation of microglial states by colony stimulating factors. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1275935. [PMID: 37964794 PMCID: PMC10642290 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1275935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized the role of microglia in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. The colony stimulating factors, CSF-1 (M-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) regulate microglia through different cognate receptors. While the receptors for GM-CSF (GM-CSFR) and G-CSF (G-CSFR) are specific for their ligands, CSF-1 shares its receptor, the CSF-1 receptor-tyrosine kinase (CSF-1R), with interleukin-34 (IL-34). All four cytokines are expressed locally in the CNS. Activation of the CSF-1R in macrophages is anti-inflammatory. In contrast, the actions of GM-CSF and G-CSF elicit different activated states. We here review the roles of each of these cytokines in the CNS and how they contribute to the development of disease in a mouse model of CSF-1R-related leukodystrophy. Understanding their roles in this model may illuminate their contribution to the development or exacerbation of other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Servin-Barthet C, Martínez-García M, Pretus C, Paternina-Die M, Soler A, Khymenets O, Pozo ÓJ, Leuner B, Vilarroya O, Carmona S. The transition to motherhood: linking hormones, brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:605-619. [PMID: 37612425 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are witnessing a stark increase in scientific interest in the neurobiological processes associated with pregnancy and maternity. Convergent evidence suggests that around the time of labour, first-time mothers experience a specific pattern of neuroanatomical changes that are associated with maternal behaviour. Here we provide an overview of the human neurobiological adaptations of motherhood, focusing on the interplay between pregnancy-related steroid and peptide hormones, and neuroplasticity in the brain. We discuss which brain plasticity mechanisms might underlie the structural changes detected by MRI, which hormonal systems are likely to contribute to such neuroanatomical changes and how these brain mechanisms may be linked to maternal behaviour. This Review offers an overarching framework that can serve as a roadmap for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Servin-Barthet
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Pretus
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de els Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Paternina-Die
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Soler
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Óscar J Pozo
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- Psychology Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Yao X, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang C, Yu Z, Huang Z, Chen C, Yang C, Ren J, Ma Y, Rong Y, Huang Y, Ming Y, Liu L. Prolonged Early Exposure to a High-Fat Diet Augments the Adverse Effects on Neurobehavior and Hippocampal Neuroplasticity: Involvement of Microglial Insulin Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1568-1586. [PMID: 37356575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption may contribute to the high prevalence of cognitive-emotional issues in modern society. Mice fed a HFD for a prolonged period develop more severe neurobehavioral disturbances when first exposed to a HFD in the juvenile period than in adulthood, suggesting an initial age-related difference in the detrimental effects of long-term HFD feeding. However, the mechanism underlying this difference remains unclear. Here, male C57BL/6J mice initially aged 4 (IA4W) or 8 (IA8W) weeks were fed a control diet (CD) or HFD for 6 months and then subjected to metabolic, neurobehavioral, and histomorphological examinations. Although the detrimental effects of long-term HFD feeding on metabolism and neurobehavior were observed in mice of both ages, IA4W-HFD mice showed significant cognitive inflexibility accompanied by significantly greater levels of anxiety-like behavior than age-matched controls. Hippocampal neuroplasticity and microglial phenotype were altered by HFD feeding, whereas significant morphological alterations were more frequently observed in IA4W-HFD mice than in IA8W-HFD mice. Additionally, significantly increased hippocampal microglial engulfment of postsynaptic proteins and elevated phospho-insulin-receptor levels were observed in IA4W-HFD, but not in IA8W-HFD, mice. These findings suggest that aberrant microglia-related histomorphological changes in the hippocampus underlie the exacerbated detrimental neurobehavioral effects of prolonged early HFD exposure and indicate that enhanced insulin signaling might drive microglial dysfunction after prolonged early HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Yao
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- The Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhehao Yu
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Lana D, Magni G, Landucci E, Wenk GL, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Giovannini MG. Phenomic Microglia Diversity as a Druggable Target in the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13668. [PMID: 37761971 PMCID: PMC10531074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenomics, the complexity of microglia phenotypes and their related functions compels the continuous study of microglia in disease animal models to find druggable targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Activation of microglia was long considered detrimental for neuron survival, but more recently it has become apparent that the real scenario of microglia morphofunctional diversity is far more complex. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the alterations in microglia phenomics in the hippocampus of animal models of normal brain aging, acute neuroinflammation, ischemia, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD. Microglia undergo phenomic changes consisting of transcriptional, functional, and morphological changes that transform them into cells with different properties and functions. The classical subdivision of microglia into M1 and M2, two different, all-or-nothing states is too simplistic, and does not correspond to the variety of phenotypes recently discovered in the brain. We will discuss the phenomic modifications of microglia focusing not only on the differences in microglia reactivity in the diverse models of neurodegenerative disorders, but also among different areas of the brain. For instance, in contiguous and highly interconnected regions of the rat hippocampus, microglia show a differential, finely regulated, and region-specific reactivity, demonstrating that microglia responses are not uniform, but vary significantly from area to area in response to insults. It is of great interest to verify whether the differences in microglia reactivity may explain the differential susceptibility of different brain areas to insults, and particularly the higher sensitivity of CA1 pyramidal neurons to inflammatory stimuli. Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microglia phenomics in health and disease is of paramount importance to find new druggable targets for the development of novel microglia-targeted therapies in different CNS disorders. This will allow interventions in three different ways: (i) by suppressing the pro-inflammatory properties of microglia to limit the deleterious effect of their activation; (ii) by modulating microglia phenotypic change to favor anti-inflammatory properties; (iii) by influencing microglia priming early in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Giada Magni
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gary L. Wenk
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Domenico Edoardo Pellegrini-Giampietro
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
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Ueta Y, Miyata M. Functional and structural synaptic remodeling mechanisms underlying somatotopic organization and reorganization in the thalamus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105332. [PMID: 37524138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The somatosensory system organizes the topographic representation of body maps, termed somatotopy, at all levels of an ascending hierarchy. Postnatal maturation of somatotopy establishes optimal somatosensation, whereas deafferentation in adults reorganizes somatotopy, which underlies pathological somatosensation, such as phantom pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Here, we focus on the mouse whisker somatosensory thalamus to study how sensory experience shapes the fine topography of afferent connectivity during the critical period and what mechanisms remodel it and drive a large-scale somatotopic reorganization after peripheral nerve injury. We will review our findings that, following peripheral nerve injury in adults, lemniscal afferent synapses onto thalamic neurons are remodeled back to immature configuration, as if the critical period reopens. The remodeling process is initiated with local activation of microglia in the brainstem somatosensory nucleus downstream to injured nerves and heterosynaptically controlled by input from GABAergic and cortical neurons to thalamic neurons. These fruits of thalamic studies complement well-studied cortical mechanisms of somatotopic organization and reorganization and unveil potential intervention points in treating pathological somatosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueta
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Sun C, Shen Y, Liu P, Shen Y, Hu Y, Li P, Zhang Y, Miao F, Zhang J. NLRC5 Deficiency Reduces LPS-Induced Microglial Activation via Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling and Ameliorates Mice's Depressive-like Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13265. [PMID: 37686068 PMCID: PMC10487775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are believed to be the key immune effectors of the central immune microenvironment, and their dysregulation is associated with neuroinflammation and mood disorders. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain-containing five (NLRC5) is a new member of the Nod-like receptor family. Recently, NLRC5 has been reported to be expressed by microglia. Nonetheless, the exact roles of NLRC5 in microglial activation and its function in depression have not been investigated yet. Herein, we found that reducing NLRC5 decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in primary cultured microglia and microglial cell lines but not in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In more detail, reducing NLRC5 diminished the secretion of LPS-induced cytokines by attenuating IKKα/β phosphorylation and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Moreover, the expression of Nlrc5 in the hippocampus of LPS- or chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice was increased. In line with the in vitro findings, Nlrc5 deficiency inhibited microglial activation in the mouse hippocampus and improved LPS- or CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors. In summary, we demonstrated the critical role of NLRC5 in LPS-induced microglial activation and LPS- or CUMS-induced depressive mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Piaopiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
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Lin HY, Cathomas F, Li L, Cuttoli RDD, Guevara C, Bayrak CS, Wang Q, Gupta S, Chan KL, Shimo Y, Parise LF, Yuan C, Aubry AV, Chen F, Wong J, Morel C, Huntley GW, Zhang B, Russo SJ, Wang J. Chemokine receptor 5 signaling in PFC mediates stress susceptibility in female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.18.553789. [PMID: 37662400 PMCID: PMC10473611 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.18.553789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress induces changes in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS) that contribute to neuropathology and behavioral abnormalities associated with psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined the impact of peripheral and central inflammation during chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in female mice. Compared to male mice, we found that female mice exhibited heightened peripheral inflammatory response and identified C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), as a stress-susceptibility marker in females. Blocking CCL5 signaling in the periphery promoted resilience to CSDS. In the brain, stress-susceptible mice displayed increased expression of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a receptor for CCL5, in microglia in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This upregulation was associated with microglia morphological changes, their increased migration to the blood vessels, and enhanced phagocytosis of synaptic components and vascular material. These changes coincided with neurophysiological alterations and impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. By blocking CCR5 signaling specifically in the PFC were able to prevent stress-induced physiological changes and rescue social avoidance behavior. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that stress-mediated dysregulation of the CCL5-CCR5 axis triggers excessive phagocytosis of synaptic materials and neurovascular components by microglia, resulting in disruptions in neurotransmission, reduced BBB integrity, and increased stress susceptibility. Our study provides new insights into the role of cortical microglia in female stress susceptibility and suggests that the CCL5-CCR5 axis may serve as a novel sex-specific therapeutic target for treating psychiatric disorders in females.
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Abdalla S, Eissa N, Jayaprakash P, Beiram R, Kuder KJ, Łażewska D, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Sadek B. The Potent and Selective Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist E169 Counteracts Cognitive Deficits and Mitigates Disturbances in the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in MK801-Induced Amnesia in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12719. [PMID: 37628900 PMCID: PMC10454630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) in memory and the prospective of H3R antagonists in pharmacological control of neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), is well-accepted. Therefore, the procognitive effects of acute systemic administration of H3R antagonist E169 (2.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) on MK801-induced amnesia in C57BL/6J mice using the novel object recognition test (NORT) were evaluated. E169 (5 mg) provided a significant memory-improving effect on MK801-induced short- and long-term memory impairments in NORT. The E169 (5 mg)-provided effects were comparable to those observed with the reference phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and were abrogated with the H3R agonist (R)-α-methylhistamine (RAMH). Additionally, our results demonstrate that E169 ameliorated MK801-induced memory deficits by antagonism of H3Rs and by modulation of the level of disturbance in the expression of PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β proteins, signifying that E169 mitigated the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus of tested mice. Moreover, the results observed revealed that E169 (2.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter anxiety levels and locomotor activity of animals in open field tests, demonstrating that performances improved following acute systemic administration with E169 in NORT are unrelated to changes in emotional response or in spontaneous locomotor activity. In summary, these obtained results suggest the potential of H3R antagonists such as E169, with good in silico physicochemical properties and stable retained key interactions in docking studies at H3R, in simultaneously modulating disturbed brain neurotransmitters and the imbalanced Akt-mTOR signaling pathway related to neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabna Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.A.); (P.J.); (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Petrilla Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.A.); (P.J.); (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.A.); (P.J.); (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kamil J. Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.J.K.); (D.Ł.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.J.K.); (D.Ł.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.J.K.); (D.Ł.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.A.); (P.J.); (R.B.)
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Dehdar K, Salimi M, Tabasi F, Dehghan S, Sumiyoshi A, Garousi M, Jamaati H, Javan M, Reza Raoufy M. Allergen induces depression-like behavior in association with altered prefrontal-hippocampal circuit in male rats. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00254-3. [PMID: 37286161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common chronic inflammatory condition associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Notably depression, correlated with adverse outcomes in asthmatic patients. Peripheral inflammation's role in depression has been shown previously. However, evidence regarding the effects of allergic asthma on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-ventral hippocampus (vHipp) interactions, an important neurocircuitry in affective regulation, is yet to be demonstrated. Herein, we investigated the effects of allergen exposure in sensitized rats on the immunoreactivity of glial cells, depression-like behavior, brain regions volume, as well as activity and connectivity of the mPFC-vHipp circuit. We found that allergen-induced depressive-like behavior was associated with more activated microglia and astrocytes in mPFC and vHipp, as well as reduced hippocampus volume. Intriguingly, depressive-like behavior was negatively correlated with mPFC and hippocampus volumes in the allergen-exposed group. Moreover, mPFC and vHipp activity were altered in asthmatic animals. Allergen disrupted the strength and direction of functional connectivity in the mPFC-vHipp circuit so that, unlike normal conditions, mPFC causes and modulates vHipp activity. Our results provide new insight into the underlying mechanism of allergic inflammation-induced psychiatric disorders, aiming to develop new interventions and therapeutic approaches for improving asthma complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Dehdar
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Salimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dehghan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan; National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mani Garousi
- Department of Electrical and Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Hashimoto A, Kawamura N, Tarusawa E, Takeda I, Aoyama Y, Ohno N, Inoue M, Kagamiuchi M, Kato D, Matsumoto M, Hasegawa Y, Nabekura J, Schaefer A, Moorhouse AJ, Yagi T, Wake H. Microglia enable cross-modal plasticity by removing inhibitory synapses. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112383. [PMID: 37086724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-modal plasticity is the repurposing of brain regions associated with deprived sensory inputs to improve the capacity of other sensory modalities. The functional mechanisms of cross-modal plasticity can indicate how the brain recovers from various forms of injury and how different sensory modalities are integrated. Here, we demonstrate that rewiring of the microglia-mediated local circuit synapse is crucial for cross-modal plasticity induced by visual deprivation (monocular deprivation [MD]). MD relieves the usual inhibition of functional connectivity between the somatosensory cortex and secondary lateral visual cortex (V2L). This results in enhanced excitatory responses in V2L neurons during whisker stimulation and a greater capacity for vibrissae sensory discrimination. The enhanced cross-modal response is mediated by selective removal of inhibitory synapse terminals on pyramidal neurons by the microglia in the V2L via matrix metalloproteinase 9 signaling. Our results provide insights into how cortical circuits integrate different inputs to functionally compensate for neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Hashimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nanami Kawamura
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tarusawa
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoyama
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mio Inoue
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mai Kagamiuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Anne Schaefer
- Center for Glial Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew J Moorhouse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Center for Optical Scattering Image Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Wang C, Li H, Chen C, Yao X, Yang C, Yu Z, Ren J, Ming Y, Huang Y, Rong Y, Ma Y, Liu L. High-Fat Diet Consumption Induces Neurobehavioral Abnormalities and Neuronal Morphological Alterations Accompanied by Excessive Microglial Activation in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Adolescent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119394. [PMID: 37298345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and emotional/cognitive disorders is widely documented. One distinctive feature of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a kernel emotion- and cognition-related brain region, is its protracted adolescent maturation, which makes it highly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of environmental factors during adolescence. Disruption of the PFC structure and function is linked to emotional/cognitive disorders, especially those that emerge in late adolescence. A HFD consumption is common among adolescents, yet its potential effects on PFC-related neurobehavior in late adolescence and any related underlying mechanisms are yet to be established. In the present study, adolescent (postnatal days 28-56) male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (CD) or a HFD and underwent behavioral tests in addition to Golgi staining and immunofluorescence targeting of the medial PFC (mPFC). The HFD-fed adolescent mice exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behavior and abnormal mPFC pyramidal neuronal morphology accompanied by alterations in microglial morphology indicative of a heightened state of activation and increased microglial PSD95+ inclusions signifying excessive phagocytosis of the synaptic material in the mPFC. These findings offer novel insights into the neurobehavioral effects due to adolescent HFD consumption and suggest a contributing role in microglial dysfunction and prefrontal neuroplasticity deficits for HFD-associated mood disorders in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Wang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiuting Yao
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhehao Yu
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Chaibi I, Ait-Mansour I, Tari M, Bennis M, Ba-M'hamed S. Effects of topiramate on morphological and structural alterations of the anterior cingulate cortex in aggressive socially isolated mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06381-z. [PMID: 37217572 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Topiramate, an approved antiepileptic drug, was found effective in treating aggressive symptoms in humans and rodents. However, the effects and mechanisms of Topiramate on aggressive behavior are still unclear. Our previous study indicated that intraperitoneal administration of Topiramate successfully decreased aggression and reinforced sociability in socially aggressive mice, and increased cFos-expressing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In addition to its pharmacological properties, previous studies have approved the neuroprotective effects of Topiramate. These suggest a potential effect of Topiramate on ACC's structure and function. OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS In the present study, we first investigated the structural characteristics of ACC in the social isolation-induced aggression paradigm. The results showed that hyper-aggressive behavior in socially aggressive mice was associated with several structural alterations in ACC: increased neuron death combined with decreased neuron density, increased damaged neuronal morphology and increased neuroinflammation markers. Based on these observations, we next investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of Topiramate against structural alterations of ACC observed in socially aggressive mice. Results indicated that intraperitoneal administration of Topiramate (30 mg/kg) decreased aggression and enhanced sociability without affecting locomotor activity. Interestingly, the anti-aggressive effect of Topiramate was associated with decreased neuronal death, ameliorated damaged neuronal morphology, and decreased reactive microglia markers in ACC. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insights into the structural alterations of ACC in aggressive socially aggressive mice. Moreover, the present study suggested that the anti-aggressive effect of Topiramate could be related to its neuroprotective effects against the structural alterations of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Chaibi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ihsane Ait-Mansour
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Tari
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco.
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology & Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdallah, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
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35
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Alaghband Y, Allen BD, Kramár EA, Zhang R, Drayson OG, Ru N, Petit B, Almeida A, Doan NL, Wood MA, Baulch JE, Ballesteros-Zebadua P, Vozenin MC, Limoli CL. Uncovering the Protective Neurologic Mechanisms of Hypofractionated FLASH Radiotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:725-737. [PMID: 37377749 PMCID: PMC10135433 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of ultra-high dose-rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is rapidly gaining traction as a unique cancer treatment modality able to dramatically minimize normal tissue toxicity while maintaining antitumor efficacy compared with standard-of-care radiotherapy at conventional dose rate (CONV-RT). The resultant improvements in the therapeutic index have sparked intense investigations in pursuit of the underlying mechanisms. As a preamble to clinical translation, we exposed non-tumor-bearing male and female mice to hypofractionated (3 × 10 Gy) whole brain FLASH- and CONV-RT to evaluate differential neurologic responses using a comprehensive panel of functional and molecular outcomes over a 6-month follow-up. In each instance, extensive and rigorous behavioral testing showed FLASH-RT to preserve cognitive indices of learning and memory that corresponded to a similar protection of synaptic plasticity as measured by long-term potentiation (LTP). These beneficial functional outcomes were not found after CONV-RT and were linked to a preservation of synaptic integrity at the molecular (synaptophysin) level and to reductions in neuroinflammation (CD68+ microglia) throughout specific brain regions known to be engaged by our selected cognitive tasks (hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex). Ultrastructural changes in presynaptic/postsynaptic bouton (Bassoon/Homer-1 puncta) within these same regions of the brain were not found to differ in response to dose rate. With this clinically relevant dosing regimen, we provide a mechanistic blueprint from synapse to cognition detailing how FLASH-RT reduces normal tissue complications in the irradiated brain. Significance Functional preservation of cognition and LTP after hypofractionated FLASH-RT are linked to a protection of synaptic integrity and a reduction in neuroinflammation over protracted after irradiation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Alaghband
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Barrett D. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Eniko A. Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Richard Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Olivia G.G. Drayson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ning Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Benoit Petit
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aymeric Almeida
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc-Lien Doan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Marcelo A. Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Janet E. Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Paola Ballesteros-Zebadua
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, México City, México
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles L. Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
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36
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Mason ER, Soni DM, Chu S. Microglial Phagocytosis/Cell Health High-Content Assay. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e724. [PMID: 36971657 PMCID: PMC10433541 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a microglial phagocytosis/cell health high-content assay that has been used to test small molecule chemical probes and support our drug discovery projects targeting microglia for Alzheimer's disease therapy. The assay measures phagocytosis and cell health (cell count and nuclear intensity) simultaneously in 384-well plates processed with an automatic liquid handler. The mix-and-read live cell imaging assay is highly reproducible with capacity to meet drug discovery research needs. Assay procedures take 4 days including plating cells, treating cells, adding pHrodo-myelin/membrane debris to cells for phagocytosis, staining cell nuclei before performing high-content imaging, and analysis. Three selected parameters are measured from cells: 1) mean total fluorescence intensity per cell of pHrodo-myelin/membrane debris in phagocytosis vesicles to quantify phagocytosis; 2) cell counts per well (measuring compound effects on proliferation and cell death); and 3) average nuclear intensity (measuring compound induced apoptosis). The assay has been used on HMC3 cells (an immortalized human microglial cell line), BV2 cells (an immortalized mouse microglial cell line), and primary microglia isolated from mouse brains. Simultaneous measurements of phagocytosis and cell health allow for the distinction of compound effects on regulation of phagocytosis from cellular stress/toxicity related changes, a distinguishing feature of the assay. The combination of cell counts and nuclear intensity as indicators of cell health is also an effective way to measure cell stress and compound cytotoxicity, which may have broad applications as simultaneous profiling measurements for other phenotypic assays. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Microglial phagocytosis/cell health high-content assay protocol Support Protocol: Procedures to isolate myelin/membrane debris from mouse brain and label with pHrodo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Mason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Disha M Soni
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shaoyou Chu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Zaccard CR, Gippo I, Song A, Geula C, Penzes P. Dendritic spinule-mediated structural synaptic plasticity: Implications for development, aging, and psychiatric disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1059730. [PMID: 36741924 PMCID: PMC9895827 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1059730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are highly dynamic and changes in their density, size, and shape underlie structural synaptic plasticity in cognition and memory. Fine membranous protrusions of spines, termed dendritic spinules, can contact neighboring neurons or glial cells and are positively regulated by neuronal activity. Spinules are thinner than filopodia, variable in length, and often emerge from large mushroom spines. Due to their nanoscale, spinules have frequently been overlooked in diffraction-limited microscopy datasets. Until recently, our knowledge of spinules has been interpreted largely from single snapshots in time captured by electron microscopy. We summarize herein the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of spinule formation. Additionally, we discuss possible spinule functions in structural synaptic plasticity in the context of development, adulthood, aging, and psychiatric disorders. The literature collectively implicates spinules as a mode of structural synaptic plasticity and suggests the existence of morphologically and functionally distinct spinule subsets. A recent time-lapse, enhanced resolution imaging study demonstrated that the majority of spinules are small, short-lived, and dynamic, potentially exploring their environment or mediating retrograde signaling and membrane remodeling via trans-endocytosis. A subset of activity-enhanced, elongated, long-lived spinules is associated with complex PSDs, and preferentially contacts adjacent axonal boutons not presynaptic to the spine head. Hence, long-lived spinules can form secondary synapses with the potential to alter synaptic connectivity. Published studies further suggest that decreased spinules are associated with impaired synaptic plasticity and intellectual disability, while increased spinules are linked to hyperexcitability and neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, the literature indicates that spinules mediate structural synaptic plasticity and perturbations in spinules can contribute to synaptic dysfunction and psychiatric disease. Additional studies would be beneficial to further delineate the molecular mechanisms of spinule formation and determine the exact role of spinules in development, adulthood, aging, and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R. Zaccard
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Isabel Gippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amy Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Peter Penzes,
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CANNABINOIDS AND NEUROINFLAMMATION: THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Rodrigues-Neves AC, Ambrósio AF, Gomes CA. Microglia sequelae: brain signature of innate immunity in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:493. [PMID: 36443303 PMCID: PMC9705537 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with significant impact on individuals and society. The current pharmacologic treatment, which principally alleviates psychosis, is focused on neurotransmitters modulation, relying on drugs with severe side effects and ineffectiveness in a significant percentage of cases. Therefore, and due to difficulties inherent to diagnosis and treatment, it is vital to reassess alternative cellular and molecular drug targets. Distinct risk factors - genetic, developmental, epigenetic, and environmental - have been associated with disease onset and progression, giving rise to the proposal of different pathophysiological mechanisms and putative pharmacological targets. Immunity is involved and, particularly microglia - innate immune cells of the central nervous system, critically involved in brain development - have captured attention as cellular players. Microglia undergo marked morphologic and functional alterations in the human disease, as well as in animal models of schizophrenia, as reported in several original papers. We cluster the main findings of clinical studies by groups of patients: (1) at ultra-high risk of psychosis, (2) with a first episode of psychosis or recent-onset schizophrenia, and (3) with chronic schizophrenia; in translational studies, we highlight the time window of appearance of particular microglia alterations in the most well studied animal model in the field (maternal immune activation). The organization of clinical and translational findings based on schizophrenia-associated microglia changes in different phases of the disease course may help defining a temporal pattern of microglia changes and may drive the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António. F. Ambrósio
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina A. Gomes
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
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40
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Vidal-Itriago A, Radford RAW, Aramideh JA, Maurel C, Scherer NM, Don EK, Lee A, Chung RS, Graeber MB, Morsch M. Microglia morphophysiological diversity and its implications for the CNS. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997786. [PMID: 36341385 PMCID: PMC9627549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are mononuclear phagocytes of mesodermal origin that migrate to the central nervous system (CNS) during the early stages of embryonic development. After colonizing the CNS, they proliferate and remain able to self-renew throughout life, maintaining the number of microglia around 5-12% of the cells in the CNS parenchyma. They are considered to play key roles in development, homeostasis and innate immunity of the CNS. Microglia are exceptionally diverse in their morphological characteristics, actively modifying the shape of their processes and soma in response to different stimuli. This broad morphological spectrum of microglia responses is considered to be closely correlated to their diverse range of functions in health and disease. However, the morphophysiological attributes of microglia, and the structural and functional features of microglia-neuron interactions, remain largely unknown. Here, we assess the current knowledge of the diverse microglial morphologies, with a focus on the correlation between microglial shape and function. We also outline some of the current challenges, opportunities, and future directions that will help us to tackle unanswered questions about microglia, and to continue unravelling the mysteries of microglia, in all its shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Vidal-Itriago
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rowan A. W. Radford
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason A. Aramideh
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy Maurel
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie M. Scherer
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily K. Don
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S. Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuel B. Graeber
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zou X, Gao S, Li J, Li C, Wu C, Cao X, Xia S, Shao P, Bao X, Yang H, Liu P, Xu Y. A monoamine oxidase B inhibitor ethyl ferulate suppresses microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and alleviates ischemic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004215. [PMID: 36313349 PMCID: PMC9608666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages in the brain, which play a critical role in post-stroke neuroinflammation. Accordingly, targeting neuroinflammation could be a promising strategy to improve ischemic stroke outcomes. Ethyl ferulate (EF) has been confirmed to possess anti-inflammatory properties in several disease models, including acute lung injury, retinal damage and diabetes-associated renal injury. However, the effects of EF on microglial activation and the resolution of post-stroke neuroinflammation remains unknown. Here, we found that EF suppressed pro-inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in primary microglia and BV2 cell lines, as well as post-stroke neuroinflammation in an in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model in C57BL/6 mice, consequently ameliorating ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, EF could directly bind and inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to reduce pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, our study identified a MAO-B inhibitor, Ethyl ferulate, as an active compound with promising potentials for suppressing post-stroke neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
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42
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Fujikawa R, Jinno S. Identification of hyper-ramified microglia in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus potentially associated with stress resilience. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5137-5153. [PMID: 36017697 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that some individuals are less affected by stress, and such individuals are called resilient. This study aimed to determine whether the specific phenotype of microglia might be involved in resilience using the social defeat stress paradigm. Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were attacked by aggressive male ICR mice for five consecutive days. After stress exposure, the social behaviour was reduced in about half of the B6 mice (vulnerable), whereas no such change was observed in the remaining half of the B6 mice (resilient). Anxiety-like behaviour was increased in vulnerable mice compared with resilient mice and non-stressed controls. However, depression-related behaviour was comparable between the three groups. The morphological characteristics of microglia in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in non-stressed controls and resilient mice differed from those in vulnerable mice. Interestingly, the voxel densities of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic puncta colocalized with microglia were higher in resilient mice than in non-stressed controls and vulnerable mice. Microglia were then objectively classified into three morphological types by hierarchical cluster analysis. The appearance of type I microglia resembled the so-called resting ramified microglia and represented the major population of microglia in non-stressed controls. Type II microglia exhibited a de-ramified morphology and accounted for 60% of the microglia in vulnerable mice. Type III microglia showed a hyper-ramified morphology and represented more than half of the microglia in resilient mice. These results suggest that hyper-ramified microglia in the hippocampus may be associated with stress resilience via the modulation of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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43
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Vadisiute A, Meijer E, Szabó F, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Kawashita E, Hayashi S, Molnár Z. The role of snare proteins in cortical development. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:457-475. [PMID: 35724379 PMCID: PMC9539872 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neural communication in the adult nervous system is mediated primarily through chemical synapses, where action potentials elicit Ca2+ signals, which trigger vesicular fusion and neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic compartment. At early stages of development, the brain is shaped by communication via trophic factors and other extracellular signaling, and by contact-mediated cell-cell interactions including chemical synapses. The patterns of early neuronal impulses and spontaneous and regulated neurotransmitter release guide the precise topography of axonal projections and contribute to determining cell survival. The study of the role of specific proteins of the synaptic vesicle release machinery in the establishment, plasticity, and maintenance of neuronal connections during development has only recently become possible, with the advent of mouse models where various members of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex have been genetically manipulated. We provide an overview of these models, focusing on the role of regulated vesicular release and/or cellular excitability in synaptic assembly, development and maintenance of cortical circuits, cell survival, circuit level excitation-inhibition balance, myelination, refinement, and plasticity of key axonal projections from the cerebral cortex. These models are important for understanding various developmental and psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auguste Vadisiute
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elise Meijer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Florina Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eri Kawashita
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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44
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Marfia G, Navone SE, Guarnaccia L, Campanella R, Locatelli M, Miozzo M, Perelli P, Della Morte G, Catamo L, Tondo P, Campanella C, Lucertini M, Ciniglio Appiani G, Landolfi A, Garzia E. Space flight and central nervous system: Friends or enemies? Challenges and opportunities for neuroscience and neuro-oncology. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1649-1663. [PMID: 35678198 PMCID: PMC9544848 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Space environment provides many challenges to pilots, astronauts, and space scientists, which are constantly subjected to unique conditions, including microgravity, radiations, hypoxic condition, absence of the day and night cycle, etc. These stressful stimuli have the potential to affect many human physiological systems, triggering physical and biological adaptive changes to re‐establish the homeostatic state. A particular concern regards the risks for the effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system (CNS), as several lines of evidence reported a great impact on neuroplasticity, cognitive functions, neurovestibular system, short‐term memory, cephalic fluid shift, reduction in motor function, and psychological disturbances, especially during long‐term missions. Aside these potential detrimental effects, the other side of the coin reflects the potential benefit of applicating space‐related conditions on Earth‐based life sciences, as cancer research. Here, we focused on examining the effect of real and simulated microgravity on CNS functions, both in humans and in cellular models, browsing the different techniques to experience or mime microgravity on‐ground. Increasing evidence demonstrate that cancer cells, and brain cancer cells in particular, are negatively affected by microgravity, in terms of alteration in cell morphology, proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, representing an advancing novel side of space‐based investigations. Overall, deeper understandings about the mechanisms by which space environment influences CNS and tumor biology may be promisingly translated into many clinical fields, ranging from aerospace medicine to neuroscience and oncology, representing an enormous pool of knowledge for the implementation of countermeasures and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Perelli
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "Aldo Di Loreto", Aeronautica Militare, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Della Morte
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Catamo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Tondo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Campanella
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "Aldo Di Loreto", Aeronautica Militare, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Garzia
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
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45
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Sambolín-Escobales L, Feliciano-Quiñones A, Tirado-Castro L, Suárez C, Pacheco-Cruz D, Irizarry-Méndez N, Fonseca-Ferrer W, Hernández-López A, Colón-Romero M, Porter JT. Infusion of C20:0 ceramide into ventral hippocampus triggers anhedonia-like behavior in female and male rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:899627. [PMID: 36090653 PMCID: PMC9449580 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.899627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased long-chain C20:0 ceramides have been found in the serum of patients with depression. Moreover, ceramides are linked with increased microglia reactivity and inflammatory cytokine production, which are associated with depression. Since ceramides can readily cross the blood brain barrier, peripheral C20:0 ceramides could enter the brain, activate microglia, and induce depressive-like behavior. In this study, we determined whether localized infusion of C20:0 ceramides into the ventral hippocampus (VH) of rats is sufficient to activate microglia and induce depressive-like behaviors. Adult male and female rats received infusions of C20:0 ceramides or vehicle solution every other day for 2 weeks. After the third infusion, C20:0-infused animals showed reduced sucrose preference suggesting anhedonia-like behavior. In contrast, infusions of C20:0 ceramides did not affect immobility in the forced swim test or sucrose grooming suggesting that the behavioral effects of ceramides are task dependent. Furthermore, C20:0-infusions did not increase Iba-1 + microglia or inflammatory markers in the VH suggesting that localized increases in C20:0 ceramides in the VH are sufficient to induce anhedonia-like behavior without microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubriel Sambolín-Escobales
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Adariana Feliciano-Quiñones
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Lizmarie Tirado-Castro
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Dariangelly Pacheco-Cruz
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Nashaly Irizarry-Méndez
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Anixa Hernández-López
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - María Colón-Romero
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - James T. Porter
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- *Correspondence: James T. Porter,
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Connexins Signatures of the Neurovascular Unit and Their Physio-Pathological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179510. [PMID: 36076908 PMCID: PMC9455936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is closely linked to the delicate balance of the microenvironment in which different cellular components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) coexist. Intercellular communication plays a pivotal role in exchanges of signaling molecules and mediators essential for survival functions, as well as in the removal of disturbing elements that can lead to related pathologies. The specific signatures of connexins (Cxs), proteins which form either gap junctions (GJs) or hemichannels (HCs), represent the biological substrate of the pathophysiological balance. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is undoubtedly one of the most important factors in glia–neuro–vascular crosstalk. Herein, Cxs signatures of every NVU component are highlighted and their critical influence on functional processes in healthy and pathological conditions of nervous microenvironment is reviewed.
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IL-17A drives cognitive aging probably via inducing neuroinflammation and theta oscillation disruption in the hippocampus. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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López-Meraz ML, Álvarez-Croda DM. Microglia and Status Epilepticus in the Immature Brain. Epilepsia Open 2022; 8 Suppl 1:S73-S81. [PMID: 35531942 PMCID: PMC10173848 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which are activated due to brain damage, as part of the neuroinflammatory response. Microglia undergo morphological and biochemical modifications during activation, adopting a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory state. In the developing brain, status epilepticus (SE) promotes microglia activation that is associated with neuronal injury in some areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus, thalamus and amygdala. However, the timing of this activation, the anatomical pattern, and the morphological and biochemical characteristics of microglia in the immature brain are age-dependent and have not been fully characterized. Therefore, this review focuses on the response of microglia to SE and its relationship to neurodegeneration.
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Monji A, Mizoguchi Y. Neuroinflammation in Late-Onset Schizophrenia: Viewing from the Standpoint of the Microglia Hypothesis. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:98-103. [PMID: 34515181 DOI: 10.1159/000517861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia develops mainly in adolescence, but late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is not uncommon. According to the international consensus, schizophrenia which develops over 40 years old is called LOS and psychosis which develops over 60 years old is called very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOS). Compared to early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) that develops before the age of 40 years, LOS and VLOS are reported to be more common in women, and there are clinically clear differences such as less involvement of genetic factors than EOS. This review outlines the abnormalities of the neuroimmune system in the pathophysiology of LOS, especially focusing on the role of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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50
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Wan T, Huang Y, Gao X, Wu W, Guo W. Microglia Polarization: A Novel Target of Exosome for Stroke Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842320. [PMID: 35356292 PMCID: PMC8959940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cells in the human body are capable of secreting exosomes. Exosomes have become an important vehicle for signaling between cells. Exosomes secreted by different cells have some of the structural and functional properties of that cell and thus have different regulatory functions. A large number of recent experimental studies have shown that exosomes from different sources have different regulatory effects on stroke, and the mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Microglia are core members of central intrinsic immune regulatory cells, which play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of stroke. M1 microglia cause neuroinflammation and induce neurotoxic effects, while M2 microglia inhibit neuroinflammation and promote neurogenesis, thus exerting a series of neuroprotective effects. It was found that there is a close link between exosomes and microglia polarization, and that exosome inclusions such as microRNAs play a regulatory role in the M1/M2 polarization of microglia. This research reviews the role of exosomes in the regulation of microglia polarization and reveals their potential value in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Sports Medicine Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunling Huang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wanpeng Wu
- Shenzhen Futian District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Sports Medicine Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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