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Elahi Z, Hassanzadeh F, Satarzadeh M. Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and its effects on Neural Tube Defects. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2024; 18:103-115. [PMID: 38988851 PMCID: PMC11231676 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.41499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Maternal smoking is a potent teratogen among congenital malformations, however its role in the development of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) is still unclear. In this systematic review, we intend to further investigate the interaction of smoking during pregnancy and the incidence of NTDs. Materials & Methods This article was written according to PRISMA criteria from February 2015 and August 2022. After examining the four stages of PRISMA criteria, we selected clinical articles. These articles were selected from PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar (for results follow-up) databases. We gathered NTDs effect and types, smoking type and habit of parents, from neonates. Results Eventually, 8 articles were included by two separated authors, Smoking was associated with an increase NTDs in the population of pregnant mothers and also among children whose fathers smoked. The main side effects that were considered to be the cause of NTDs besides smoking were alcohol and BMI (18.5-24.9). Smoking also affects the level of folic acid as a substance with an essential role that affects the closure of the neural tube. folic acid available to infants changing along with the level of other blood elements such as zinc, that necessary prevent for NTDs condition. Conclusion Parental smoking can be considered as one of the strong teratogens in the occurrence of NTDs. Smoking, whether active or passive by the mother, or by the father, is associated with the occurrence of NTDs, In order to reduce the prevalence this disorder, we advise pregnant mothers and neonate's fathers to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Elahi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farideh Hassanzadeh
- Expert of Clinical Research Development Center of Children Hospital, Hormozgan University Medical Science, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Mohammad Satarzadeh
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Zhang J, Yang L, Sun Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu M, Li X, Liang Y, Zhao H, Liu Z, Qiu Z, Zhang T, Xie J. Up-regulation of miR-10a-5p expression inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells by targeting Chl1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38841745 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are characterized by the failure of neural tube closure during embryogenesis and are considered the most common and severe central nervous system anomalies during early development. Recent microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling studies have revealed that the dysregulation of several miRNAs plays an important role in retinoic acid (RA)-induced NTDs. However, the molecular functions of these miRNAs in NTDs remain largely unidentified. Here, we show that miR-10a-5p is significantly upregulated in RA-induced NTDs and results in reduced cell growth due to cell cycle arrest and dysregulation of cell differentiation. Moreover, the cell adhesion molecule L1-like ( Chl1) is identified as a direct target of miR-10a-5p in neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro, and its expression is reduced in RA-induced NTDs. siRNA-mediated knockdown of intracellular Chl1 affects cell proliferation and differentiation similar to those of miR-10a-5p overexpression, which further leads to the inhibition of the expressions of downstream ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway proteins. These cellular responses are abrogated by either increased expression of the direct target of miR-10a-5p ( Chl1) or an ERK agonist such as honokiol. Overall, our study demonstrates that miR-10a-5p plays a major role in the process of NSC growth and differentiation by directly targeting Chl1, which in turn induces the downregulation of the ERK1/2 cascade, suggesting that miR-10a-5p and Chl1 are critical for NTD formation in the development of embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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3
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Felício R, Franco A, Corrêa-Moreira D, Martinez de Carvalho F, Guimarães A, Vargas FR. Humoral immune transcriptome signature in myelomeningocele patients. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104224. [PMID: 38479055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelomeningocele (MMC) results from incomplete closure of the neural tube, and has a complex multifactorial etiology, including an inflammatory microenvironment. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the contribution of humoral immune response for development of inflammatory milieu. METHODS Using public repository Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we retrieve dataset transcriptome from the amniotic fluid of ten fetuses with myelomeningocele and ten healthy control fetuses to found differential gene expression associated with disturbances and inflammatory signatures in MMC. The identified DEGs were submitted to enrichment, network, and matrix correlation analyses. RESULTS Our initial analysis revealed 90 DEGs in MMC, mainly associated with signaling pathways of inflammation, including the immune modules, humoral immune response and IFN-type I signatures. Protein-protein analysis (PPI) revealed an association with three protein networks; positive regulation of B cell proliferation constituted the largest network. Matrix correlation analyses showed that MMC alters the co-expression of genes related to inflammatory processes that promote microenvironment inflammation. CONCLUSION These results revealed an altered humoral immune response in MMC patients, contributing to an inflammatory profile and providing opportunities for identifying potential biomarkers in myelomeningocele disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rfm Felício
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almm Franco
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Genética), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Corrêa-Moreira
- Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochesmistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Martinez de Carvalho
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Genética), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Acr Guimarães
- Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochesmistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F R Vargas
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Genética), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Mwachaka PM, Gichangi P, Abdelmalek A, Odula P, Ogeng'o J. Impact of varying maternal dietary folate intake on cerebellar cortex histomorphology and cell density in offspring rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38773676 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has a long, protracted developmental period that spans from the embryonic to postnatal periods; as a result, it is more sensitive to intrauterine and postnatal insults like nutritional deficiencies. Folate is crucial for foetal and early postnatal brain development; however, its effects on cerebellar growth and development are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal folate intake on the histomorphology and cell density of the developing cerebellum. Twelve adult female rats (rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to one of four premixed diet groups: standard (2 mg/kg), folate-deficient (0 mg/kg), folate-supplemented (8 mg/kg) or folate supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg). The rats started their diets 14 days before mating and consumed them throughout pregnancy and lactation. On postnatal days 1, 7, 21 and 35, five pups from each group were sacrificed, and their brains were processed for light microscopic analysis. Histomorphology and cell density of the external granule, molecular, Purkinje and internal granule layers were obtained. The folate-deficient diet group had smaller, dysmorphic cells and significantly lower densities of external granule, molecular, Purkinje and internal granule cells. Although the folate-enriched groups had greater cell densities than the controls, the folate-supplemented group had considerably higher cell densities than the supra-supplemented group. The folate supra-supplemented group had ectopic Purkinje cells in the internal granule cell layer. These findings imply that a folate-deficient diet impairs cellular growth and reduces cell density in the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, folate supplementation increases cell densities, but there appears to be an optimal dose of supplementation since excessive folate levels may be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Gichangi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Adel Abdelmalek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Odula
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Ogeng'o
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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5
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Vong KI, Lee S, Au KS, Crowley TB, Capra V, Martino J, Haller M, Araújo C, Machado HR, George R, Gerding B, James KN, Stanley V, Jiang N, Alu K, Meave N, Nidhiry AS, Jiwani F, Tang I, Nisal A, Jhamb I, Patel A, Patel A, McEvoy-Venneri J, Barrows C, Shen C, Ha YJ, Howarth R, Strain M, Ashley-Koch AE, Azam M, Mumtaz S, Bot GM, Finnell RH, Kibar Z, Marwan AI, Melikishvili G, Meltzer HS, Mutchinick OM, Stevenson DA, Mroczkowski HJ, Ostrander B, Schindewolf E, Moldenhauer J, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, Garcia-Minaur S, Nowakowska BA, Stevenson RE, Zaki MS, Northrup H, McNamara HK, Aldinger KA, Phelps IG, Deng M, Glass IA, Morrow B, McDonald-McGinn DM, Sanna-Cherchi S, Lamb DJ, Gleeson JG. Risk of meningomyelocele mediated by the common 22q11.2 deletion. Science 2024; 384:584-590. [PMID: 38696583 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Meningomyelocele is one of the most severe forms of neural tube defects (NTDs) and the most frequent structural birth defect of the central nervous system. We assembled the Spina Bifida Sequencing Consortium to identify causes. Exome and genome sequencing of 715 parent-offspring trios identified six patients with chromosomal 22q11.2 deletions, suggesting a 23-fold increased risk compared with the general population. Furthermore, analysis of a separate 22q11.2 deletion cohort suggested a 12- to 15-fold increased NTD risk of meningomyelocele. The loss of Crkl, one of several neural tube-expressed genes within the minimal deletion interval, was sufficient to replicate NTDs in mice, where both penetrance and expressivity were exacerbated by maternal folate deficiency. Thus, the common 22q11.2 deletion confers substantial meningomyelocele risk, which is partially alleviated by folate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Ioi Vong
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Sangmoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genomics and Clinical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Jeremiah Martino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - Meade Haller
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camila Araújo
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Hélio R Machado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Renee George
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Bryn Gerding
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kiely N James
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kameron Alu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Naomi Meave
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Anna S Nidhiry
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Fiza Jiwani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Isaac Tang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Ashna Nisal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Ishani Jhamb
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Arzoo Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Aakash Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Jennifer McEvoy-Venneri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Chelsea Barrows
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Celina Shen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Yoo-Jin Ha
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Robyn Howarth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Madison Strain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Matloob Azam
- Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Punjab 47000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Gyang Markus Bot
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930105, Nigeria
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ahmed I Marwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Colorado Fetal Care Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gia Melikishvili
- Department of Pediatrics, MediClubGeorgia Medical Center, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Hal S Meltzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Osvaldo M Mutchinick
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David A Stevenson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Henry J Mroczkowski
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Health Science Campus, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Betsy Ostrander
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Erica Schindewolf
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie Moldenhauer
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sixto Garcia-Minaur
- Clinical Genetics Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beata A Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hanna K McNamara
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian G Phelps
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Mei Deng
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Bernice Morrow
- Division of Translational Genetics, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, 00185-Rome RM, Italy
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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6
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Zhu S, Li X, Dai X, Li J. Prenatal cadmium exposure impairs neural tube closure via inducing excessive apoptosis in neuroepithelium. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:572-584. [PMID: 38135421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Birth defects have become a public health concern. The hazardous environmental factors exposure to embryos could increase the risk of birth defects. Cadmium, a toxic environmental factor, can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy. Pregnant woman may be subjected to cadmium before taking precautionary protective actions. However, the link between birth defects and cadmium remains obscure. Cadmium exposure can induce excessive apoptosis in neuroepithelium during embryonic development progresses. Cadmium exposure activated the p53 via enhancing the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and reactive oxygen species' (ROS) level. And cadmium decreases the level of Paired box 3 (Pax3) and murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), disrupting the process of p53 ubiquitylation. And p53 accumulation induced excessive apoptosis in neuroepithelium during embryonic development progresses. Excessive apoptosis led to the failure of neural tube closure. The study emphasizes that environmental materials may increase the health risk for embryos. Cadmium caused the failure of neural tube closure during early embryotic day. Pregnant women may be exposed by cadmium before taking precautionary protective actions, because of cadmium concentration-containing foods and environmental tobacco smoking. This suggests that prenatal cadmium exposure is a threatening risk factor for birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuenan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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7
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Tindula G, Issac B, Mukherjee SK, Ekramullah SM, Arman DM, Islam J, Suchanda HS, Sun L, Rockowitz S, Christiani DC, Warf BC, Mazumdar M. Genome-wide analysis of spina bifida risk variants in a case-control study from Bangladesh. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2331. [PMID: 38526198 PMCID: PMC10963057 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies of genetic risk factors for neural tube defects, severe birth defects associated with long-term health consequences in surviving children, have predominantly been restricted to a subset of candidate genes in specific biological pathways including folate metabolism. METHODS In this study, we investigated the association of genetic variants spanning the genome with risk of spina bifida (i.e., myelomeningocele and meningocele) in a subset of families enrolled from December 2016 through December 2022 in a case-control study in Bangladesh, a population often underrepresented in genetic studies. Saliva DNA samples were analyzed using the Illumina Global Screening Array. We performed genetic association analyses to compare allele frequencies between 112 case and 121 control children, 272 mothers, and 128 trios. RESULTS In the transmission disequilibrium test analyses with trios only, we identified three novel exonic spina bifida risk loci, including rs140199800 (SULT1C2, p = 1.9 × 10-7), rs45580033 (ASB2, p = 4.2 × 10-10), and rs75426652 (LHPP, p = 7.2 × 10-14), after adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. Association analyses comparing cases and controls, as well as models that included their mothers, did not identify genome-wide significant variants. CONCLUSIONS This study identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in biological pathways not previously associated with neural tube defects. The study warrants replication in larger groups to validate findings and to inform targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Tindula
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Biju Issac
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Sudipta Kumer Mukherjee
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Muhammad Ekramullah
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - DM Arman
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Joynul Islam
- Department of Clinical Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiza Sultana Suchanda
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Research Committee, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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8
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Jin S, Guo Y, Yu Z, Xu X, Shuai Q, Feng Z, Chen B, Liang T, Ao R, Li J, Zhang J, Cao R, Zhao H, Chen Z, Liu Z, Xie J. Melatonin alleviates valproic acid-induced neural tube defects by modulating Src/PI3K/ERK signaling and oxidative stress. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:23-33. [PMID: 38062774 PMCID: PMC10875364 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a developmental disorder of the nervous system that can lead to significant disability in children and impose substantial social burdens. Valproic acid (VPA), a widely prescribed first-line antiepileptic drug for epilepsy and various neurological conditions, has been associated with a 4-fold increase in the risk of NTDs when used during pregnancy. Consequently, urgent efforts are required to identify innovative prevention and treatment approaches for VPA-induced NTDs. Studies have demonstrated that the disruption in the delicate balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is a crucial factor contributing to NTDs induced by VPA. Encouragingly, our current data reveal that melatonin (MT) significantly inhibits apoptosis while promoting the restoration of neuroepithelial cell proliferation impaired by VPA. Moreover, further investigations demonstrate that MT substantially reduces the incidence of neural tube malformations resulted from VPA exposure, primarily by suppressing apoptosis through the modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. In addition, the Src/PI3K/ERK signaling pathway appears to play a pivotal role in VPA-induced NTDs, with significant inhibition observed in the affected samples. Notably, MT treatment successfully reinstates Src/PI3K/ERK signaling, thereby offering a potential underlying mechanism for the protective effects of MT against VPA-induced NTDs. In summary, our current study substantiates the considerable protective potential of MT in mitigating VPA-triggered NTDs, thereby offering valuable strategies for the clinical management of VPA-related birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal ModelsTaiyuan030001China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- School of PharmacyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Yuqian Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhaowei Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- School of PharmacyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zihan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Binghong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Ruifang Ao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Jianting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal ModelsTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
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9
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Ledet Iii LF, Plaisance CJ, Daniel CP, Wagner MJ, Alvarez I, Burroughs CR, Rieger R, Siddaiah H, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD, Varrassi G. Spina Bifida Prevention: A Narrative Review of Folic Acid Supplements for Childbearing Age Women. Cureus 2024; 16:e53008. [PMID: 38406082 PMCID: PMC10894015 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are malformations that occur during embryonic development, and they account for most central nervous system birth anomalies. Genetic and environmental factors have been shown to play a role in the etiology of NTDs. The different types of NTDs are classified according to anatomic location and severity of the defect, with most of the neural axis anomalies occurring in the caudal spinal or cranial areas. Spina bifida is a type of NTD that is characterized by an opening in the vertebral arch, and the level of severity is determined by the extent to which the neural tissue protrudes through the opened arch(es). Prevention of NTDs by administration of folic acid has been studied and described in the literature, yet there are approximately 300,000 cases of NTDs that occur annually, with 88,000 deaths occurring per year worldwide. A daily intake of at least 400 μg of folic acid is recommended especially for women of childbearing age. To provide the benefits of folic acid, prenatal vitamins are recommended in pregnancy, and many countries have been fortifying foods such as cereal grain products with folic acid; however, not all countries have instituted folic acid fortification programs. The present investigation includes a description of the pharmacology of folic acid, neural tube formation, defects such as spina bifida, and the relevance of folic acid to developing spina bifida. Women's knowledge and awareness of folic acid regarding its importance in the prevention of spina bifida is a major factor in reducing incidence worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd F Ledet Iii
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Connor J Plaisance
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Charles P Daniel
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Maxwell J Wagner
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Ivan Alvarez
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Caroline R Burroughs
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Ross Rieger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Harish Siddaiah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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10
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Mirdass C, Catala M, Bocel M, Nedelec S, Ribes V. Stem cell-derived models of spinal neurulation. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:423-437. [PMID: 38087891 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurulation is a critical step in early embryonic development, giving rise to the neural tube, the primordium of the central nervous system in amniotes. Understanding this complex, multi-scale, multi-tissue morphogenetic process is essential to provide insights into normal development and the etiology of neural tube defects. Innovations in tissue engineering have fostered the generation of pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro models, including organoids, that are emerging as unique tools for delving into neurulation mechanisms, especially in the context of human development. Each model captures specific aspects of neural tube morphogenesis, from epithelialization to neural tissue elongation, folding and cavitation. In particular, the recent models of human and mouse trunk morphogenesis, such as gastruloids, that form a spinal neural plate-like or neural tube-like structure are opening new avenues to study normal and pathological neurulation. Here, we review the morphogenetic events generating the neural tube in the mammalian embryo and questions that remain unanswered. We discuss the advantages and limitations of existing in vitro models of neurulation and possible future technical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camil Mirdass
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martin Catala
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS) - Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622 CNRS, INSERM ERL 1156, Sorbonne Université, 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mikaëlle Bocel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Nedelec
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Ribes
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
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11
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Djukic M, Eiffert H, Gossner J, Nau R. [Congenital malformations of the brain misinterpreted as sequelae of poliomyelitis]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2023:10.1007/s00391-023-02264-2. [PMID: 38108898 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-023-02264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease of the peripheral motor neurons, which predominantly affects children and causes residual palsies. Because of the oral poliomyelitis vaccination started in Germany in 1960 and 1962 and the following rapid decline of the incidence of this infection, the postpolio syndrome in Germany is a disease of older people. METHODS Since 2008, we have offered a poliomyelitis outpatient consultation at the Center of Geriatrics, Protestant Hospital Göttingen-Weende and have treated 33 patients. RESULTS The spectrum of persistent deficits after poliomyelitis ranges from palsy of single extremities to severe disability with (temporary) ventilator dependence. Many patients suffer from scoliosis or shortening of limbs of different degrees, which promotes degenerative diseases of the spinal cord and joints with secondary myelopathy, injury of spinal nerve roots or peripheral nerves or respiratory failure. The postpolio syndrome is characterized by an increase of the functional deficits after decades of compensation. The palsies of 2 of the 33 patients were not caused by poliomyelitis but by myelomeningocele and schizencephaly, respectively. CONCLUSION The motor deficits acquired in childhood enable the majority of the patients to successfully master their lives. Because of the limited compensatory capacities of postpolio patients, even small increases in the severity of the palsy can cause a severe decline of the functional status and an impairment of the ability to live an independent life. In a substantial proportion of patients with the diagnosis poliomyelitis the symptoms are caused by other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Djukic
- Geriatrisches Zentrum, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, An der Lutter 24, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Helmut Eiffert
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
- Amedes MVZ für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektiologie, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Johannes Gossner
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Roland Nau
- Geriatrisches Zentrum, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, An der Lutter 24, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.
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12
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Cordero-Varela JA, Reyes-Corral M, Lao-Pérez M, Fernández-Santos B, Montenegro-Elvira F, Sempere L, Ybot-González P. Analysis of Gut Characteristics and Microbiota Changes with Maternal Supplementation in a Neural Tube Defect Mouse Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:4944. [PMID: 38068802 PMCID: PMC10708240 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrient supply is crucial for the proper development of the embryo. Although nutrient supply is determined by maternal diet, the gut microbiota also influences nutrient availability. While currently there is no cure for neural tube defects (NTDs), their prevention is largely amenable to maternal folic acid and inositol supplementation. The gut microbiota also contributes to the production of these nutrients, which are absorbed by the host, but its role in this context remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed a functional and morphological analysis of the intestinal tract of loop-tail mice (Vangl2 mutants), a mouse model of folate/inositol-resistant NTDs. In addition, we investigated the changes in gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing regarding (1) the host genotype; (2) the sample source for metagenomics analysis; (3) the pregnancy status in the gestational window of neural tube closure; (4) folic acid and (5) D-chiro-inositol supplementation. We observed that Vangl2+/Lp mice showed no apparent changes in gastrointestinal transit time or fecal output, yet exhibited increased intestinal length and cecal weight and gut dysbiosis. Moreover, our results showed that the mice supplemented with folic acid and D-chiro-inositol had significant changes in their microbiota composition, which are changes that could have implications for nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Cordero-Varela
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.A.C.-V.); (M.L.-P.); (B.F.-S.); (F.M.-E.); (L.S.)
| | - Marta Reyes-Corral
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.A.C.-V.); (M.L.-P.); (B.F.-S.); (F.M.-E.); (L.S.)
| | - Miguel Lao-Pérez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.A.C.-V.); (M.L.-P.); (B.F.-S.); (F.M.-E.); (L.S.)
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Santos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.A.C.-V.); (M.L.-P.); (B.F.-S.); (F.M.-E.); (L.S.)
| | - Fernando Montenegro-Elvira
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.A.C.-V.); (M.L.-P.); (B.F.-S.); (F.M.-E.); (L.S.)
| | - Lluis Sempere
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.A.C.-V.); (M.L.-P.); (B.F.-S.); (F.M.-E.); (L.S.)
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.A.C.-V.); (M.L.-P.); (B.F.-S.); (F.M.-E.); (L.S.)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain
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13
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Deora H, Shukla D, Mohan K S, Babu N. Torsion of giant occipital encephalocoele in a 2-day-old infant: emergent surgery and outcome. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:3275-3279. [PMID: 37328660 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Torsion of a giant occipital encephalocele leading to necrosis is an extremely rare complication found in neonates with only two such cases reported in literature previously. Infection and ulceration of the necrosed skin may lead to meningitis or sepsis. We present here a neonate with giant occipital encephalocele showing progressive necrosis during the first day of his life. CASE REPORT A new-born baby, delivered vaginally, with no antenatal imaging was found to have a huge mass in the occipital region, which was covered by normal pink-purplish skin. During the first day of his life, the sac started becoming ulcerated accompanied with a rapid colour change in the skin, gradually turning darker and then black. The pedicle of the encephalocele was twisted with progressive necrosis of the encephalocele. MRI showed a giant encephalocele with single vein draining into the torcula and dysplastic occipital lobe herniating into the defect. The neonate was taken up for urgent excision and repair of the encephalocele. The encephalocele was excised 'in-total' with 'figure-of-8' repair of the meninges. One year after the operation, she appears to be well-developed without any neurological problems. CONCLUSION Necrosis may have resulted from arterial or venous compromise caused by torsion of the pedicle during delivery or after birth. The high pressure inside the sac associated with the thin skin of the encephalocele may be another predisposing factor. In view of the risk of meningitis and rupture, immediate surgery with repair with minimal blood loss is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Deora
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dhaval Shukla
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sethu Mohan K
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narendra Babu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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14
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Keuls RA, Finnell RH, Parchem RJ. Maternal metabolism influences neural tube closure. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:539-553. [PMID: 37468429 PMCID: PMC10529122 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Changes in maternal nutrient availability due to diet or disease significantly increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Because the incidence of metabolic disease continues to rise, it is urgent that we better understand how altered maternal nutrient levels can influence embryonic neural tube development. Furthermore, primary neurulation occurs before placental function during a period of histiotrophic nutrient exchange. In this review we detail how maternal metabolites are transported by the yolk sac to the developing embryo. We discuss recent advances in understanding how altered maternal levels of essential nutrients disrupt development of the neuroepithelium, and identify points of intersection between metabolic pathways that are crucial for NTD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Keuls
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronald J Parchem
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Jones E, McLaughlin KA. A Novel Perspective on Neuronal Control of Anatomical Patterning, Remodeling, and Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13358. [PMID: 37686164 PMCID: PMC10488252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While the nervous system may be best known as the sensory communication center of an organism, recent research has revealed a myriad of multifaceted roles for both the CNS and PNS from early development to adult regeneration and remodeling. These systems work to orchestrate tissue pattern formation during embryonic development and continue shaping pattering through transitional periods such as metamorphosis and growth. During periods of injury or wounding, the nervous system has also been shown to influence remodeling and wound healing. The neuronal mechanisms responsible for these events are largely conserved across species, suggesting this evidence may be important in understanding and resolving many human defects and diseases. By unraveling these diverse roles, this paper highlights the necessity of broadening our perspective on the nervous system beyond its conventional functions. A comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions and contributions of the nervous system throughout development and adulthood has the potential to revolutionize therapeutic strategies and open new avenues for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review highlights an important role for the nervous system during the patterning and maintenance of complex tissues and provides a potential avenue for advancing biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly A. McLaughlin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4700, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
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16
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Miotto M, Rosito M, Paoluzzi M, de Turris V, Folli V, Leonetti M, Ruocco G, Rosa A, Gosti G. Collective behavior and self-organization in neural rosette morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1134091. [PMID: 37635866 PMCID: PMC10448396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1134091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural rosettes develop from the self-organization of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells. This process mimics the emergence of the embryonic central nervous system primordium, i.e., the neural tube, whose formation is under close investigation as errors during such process result in severe diseases like spina bifida and anencephaly. While neural tube formation is recognized as an example of self-organization, we still do not understand the fundamental mechanisms guiding the process. Here, we discuss the different theoretical frameworks that have been proposed to explain self-organization in morphogenesis. We show that an explanation based exclusively on stem cell differentiation cannot describe the emergence of spatial organization, and an explanation based on patterning models cannot explain how different groups of cells can collectively migrate and produce the mechanical transformations required to generate the neural tube. We conclude that neural rosette development is a relevant experimental 2D in-vitro model of morphogenesis because it is a multi-scale self-organization process that involves both cell differentiation and tissue development. Ultimately, to understand rosette formation, we first need to fully understand the complex interplay between growth, migration, cytoarchitecture organization, and cell type evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Miotto
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosito
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Paoluzzi
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Folli
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- D-TAILS srl, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Leonetti
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- D-TAILS srl, Rome, Italy
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gosti
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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17
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Asmar AJ, Abrams SR, Hsin J, Collins JC, Yazejian RM, Wu Y, Cho J, Doyle AD, Cinthala S, Simon M, van Jaarsveld RH, Beck DB, Kerosuo L, Werner A. A ubiquitin-based effector-to-inhibitor switch coordinates early brain, craniofacial, and skin development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4499. [PMID: 37495603 PMCID: PMC10371987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that coordinate patterning of the embryonic ectoderm into spatially distinct lineages to form the nervous system, epidermis, and neural crest-derived craniofacial structures are unclear. Here, biochemical disease-variant profiling reveals a posttranslational pathway that drives early ectodermal differentiation in the vertebrate head. The anteriorly expressed ubiquitin ligase CRL3-KLHL4 restricts signaling of the ubiquitous cytoskeletal regulator CDC42. This regulation relies on the CDC42-activating complex GIT1-βPIX, which CRL3-KLHL4 exploits as a substrate-specific co-adaptor to recognize and monoubiquitylate PAK1. Surprisingly, we find that ubiquitylation converts the canonical CDC42 effector PAK1 into a CDC42 inhibitor. Loss of CRL3-KLHL4 or a disease-associated KLHL4 variant reduce PAK1 ubiquitylation causing overactivation of CDC42 signaling and defective ectodermal patterning and neurulation. Thus, tissue-specific restriction of CDC42 signaling by a ubiquitin-based effector-to-inhibitor is essential for early face, brain, and skin formation, revealing how cell-fate and morphometric changes are coordinated to ensure faithful organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Asmar
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shaun R Abrams
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Neural Crest Development & Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jenny Hsin
- Neural Crest Development & Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jason C Collins
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rita M Yazejian
- Neural Crest Development & Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Youmei Wu
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jean Cho
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- NIDCR Imaging Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samhitha Cinthala
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - David B Beck
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Neural Crest Development & Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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18
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Adebayo BO, Tiamiyu LO, Adetunmbi B, Adegboyega RO, Etagar CO, Kanu OO, Bankole O. Female monozygotic twins with sacral myelomeningocele. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:234. [PMID: 37560560 PMCID: PMC10408598 DOI: 10.25259/sni_339_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent myelomeningocele in twins is a rare clinical presentation, only reported twice in Nigeria. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a set of identical female twins from Nigeria. Both twins were females that presented at 3 years with low back swelling since birth, associated with bisphincteric dysfunction but normal motor and sensory functions in the lower extremities. They had repair of myelomeningocele 2 months after presentation and there was no new deficit postoperatively.There was no family history of neural tube defects and it would have been good to do genetic studies in this case but we do not have facilities for such. CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of identical twins with concurrent myelomeningocele and preserved motor functions in the lower limbs in Nigeria and West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Okezie Obasi Kanu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Bankole
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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19
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Zemet R, Krispin E, Johnson RM, Kumar NR, Westerfield LE, Stover S, Mann DG, Castillo J, Castillo HA, Nassr AA, Sanz Cortes M, Donepudi R, Espinoza J, Whitehead WE, Belfort MA, Shamshirsaz AA, Van den Veyver IB. Implication of chromosomal microarray analysis prior to in-utero repair of fetal open neural tube defect. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:719-727. [PMID: 36610024 PMCID: PMC10238557 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In-utero repair of open neural tube defects (ONTD) is an accepted treatment option with demonstrated superior outcome for eligible patients. While current guidelines recommend genetic testing by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) when a major congenital anomaly is detected prenatally, the requirement for an in-utero repair, based on the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) criteria, is a normal karyotype. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if CMA should be recommended as a prerequisite for in-utero ONTD repair. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies complicated by ONTD that underwent laparotomy-assisted fetoscopic repair or open-hysterotomy fetal surgery at a single tertiary center between September 2011 and July 2021. All patients met the MOMS eligibility criteria and had a normal karyotype. In a subset of the pregnancies (n = 77), CMA testing was also conducted. We reviewed the CMA results and divided the cohort into two groups according to whether clinically reportable copy-number variants (CNV) were detected (reportable-CNV group) or not (normal-CMA group). Surgical characteristics, complications, and maternal and early neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. The primary outcomes were fetal or neonatal death, hydrocephalus, motor function at 12 months of age and walking status at 30 months of age. Standard parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were employed as appropriate. RESULTS During the study period, 146 fetuses with ONTD were eligible for and underwent in-utero repair. CMA results were available for 77 (52.7%) patients. Of those, 65 (84%) had a normal CMA and 12 (16%) had a reportable CNV, two of which were classified as pathogenic. The first case with a pathogenic CNV was diagnosed with a 749-kb central 22q11.21 deletion spanning low-copy-repeat regions B-D of chromosome 22; the second case was diagnosed with a 1.3-Mb interstitial deletion at 1q21.1q21.2. Maternal demographics, clinical characteristics, operative data and postoperative complications were similar between those with normal CMA results and those with reportable CNVs. There were no significant differences in gestational age at delivery or any obstetric and early neonatal outcome between the study groups. Motor function at birth and at 12 months of age, and walking status at 30 months of age, were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Standard diagnostic testing with CMA should be offered when an ONTD is detected prenatally, as this approach has implications for counseling regarding prognosis and recurrence risk. Our results indicate that the presence of a clinically reportable CNV should not a priori affect eligibility for in-utero repair, as overall pregnancy outcome is similar in these cases to that of cases with normal CMA. Nevertheless, significant CMA results will require a case-by-case multidisciplinary discussion to evaluate eligibility. To generalize the conclusion of this single-center series, a larger, multicenter long-term study should be considered. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Zemet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E. Krispin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R. M. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N. R. Kumar
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L. E. Westerfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine and Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S. Stover
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D. G. Mann
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Clinical Ethics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Castillo
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H. A. Castillo
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A. A. Nassr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R. Donepudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Espinoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W. E. Whitehead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. A. Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A. A. Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I. B. Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine and Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Rai S, Leydier L, Sharma S, Katwala J, Sahu A. A quest for genetic causes underlying signaling pathways associated with neural tube defects. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1126209. [PMID: 37284286 PMCID: PMC10241075 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1126209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital deformities of the nervous system that occur owing to the failure of normal neural tube closures. Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to the etiology of neural tube defects in humans, indicating the role of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction in the occurrence and recurrence risk of neural tube defects. Several lines of genetic studies on humans and animals demonstrated the role of aberrant genes in the developmental risk of neural tube defects and also provided an understanding of the cellular and morphological programs that occur during embryonic development. Other studies observed the effects of folate and supplementation of folic acid on neural tube defects. Hence, here we review what is known to date regarding altered genes associated with specific signaling pathways resulting in NTDs, as well as highlight the role of various genetic, and non-genetic factors and their interactions that contribute to NTDs. Additionally, we also shine a light on the role of folate and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Rai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Larissa Leydier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jigar Katwala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Anurag Sahu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Ávila-González D, Gidi-Grenat MÁ, García-López G, Martínez-Juárez A, Molina-Hernández A, Portillo W, Díaz-Martínez NE, Díaz NF. Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Human Embryogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:1192. [PMID: 37190101 PMCID: PMC10136597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs; embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) can recapitulate critical aspects of the early stages of embryonic development; therefore, they became a powerful tool for the in vitro study of molecular mechanisms that underlie blastocyst formation, implantation, the spectrum of pluripotency and the beginning of gastrulation, among other processes. Traditionally, PSCs were studied in 2D cultures or monolayers, without considering the spatial organization of a developing embryo. However, recent research demonstrated that PSCs can form 3D structures that simulate the blastocyst and gastrula stages and other events, such as amniotic cavity formation or somitogenesis. This breakthrough provides an unparalleled opportunity to study human embryogenesis by examining the interactions, cytoarchitecture and spatial organization among multiple cell lineages, which have long remained a mystery due to the limitations of studying in utero human embryos. In this review, we will provide an overview of how experimental embryology currently utilizes models such as blastoids, gastruloids and other 3D aggregates derived from PSCs to advance our understanding of the intricate processes involved in human embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ávila-González
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Mikel Ángel Gidi-Grenat
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Juárez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Wendy Portillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Néstor Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
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22
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White M, Arif-Pardy J, Connor KL. Identification of novel nutrient-sensitive gene regulatory networks in amniocytes from fetuses with spina bifida. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 116:108333. [PMID: 36584796 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) remain among the most common congenital anomalies. Contributing risk factors include genetics and nutrient deficiencies, however, a comprehensive assessment of nutrient-gene interactions in NTDs is lacking. We applied a nutrient-focused gene expression analysis pipeline to identify nutrient-sensitive gene regulatory networks in amniocyte gene expression data (GSE4182) from fetuses with NTDs (cases; n = 3) and fetuses with no congenital anomalies (controls; n = 5). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened for having nutrient cofactors. Nutrient-dependent transcriptional regulators (TRs) that regulated DEGs, and nutrient-sensitive miRNAs with a previous link to NTDs, were identified. Of the 880 DEGs in cases, 10% had at least one nutrient cofactor. DEG regulatory network analysis revealed that 39% and 52% of DEGs in cases were regulated by 22 nutrient-sensitive miRNAs and 10 nutrient-dependent TRs, respectively. Zinc- and B vitamin-dependent gene regulatory networks (Zinc: 10 TRs targeting 50.6% of DEGs; B vitamins: 4 TRs targeting 37.7% of DEGs, 9 miRNAs targeting 17.6% of DEGs) were dysregulated in cases. We identified novel, nutrient-sensitive gene regulatory networks not previously linked to NTDs, which may indicate new targets to explore for NTD prevention or to optimise fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina White
- Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Jayden Arif-Pardy
- Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin L Connor
- Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa K1S 5B6, ON, Canada.
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23
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Understanding the Role of ATP Release through Connexins Hemichannels during Neurulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032159. [PMID: 36768481 PMCID: PMC9916920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurulation is a crucial process in the formation of the central nervous system (CNS), which begins with the folding and fusion of the neural plate, leading to the generation of the neural tube and subsequent development of the brain and spinal cord. Environmental and genetic factors that interfere with the neurulation process promote neural tube defects (NTDs). Connexins (Cxs) are transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) in vertebrates, allowing cell-cell (GJ) or paracrine (HCs) communication through the release of ATP, glutamate, and NAD+; regulating processes such as cell migration and synaptic transmission. Changes in the state of phosphorylation and/or the intracellular redox potential activate the opening of HCs in different cell types. Cxs such as Cx43 and Cx32 have been associated with proliferation and migration at different stages of CNS development. Here, using molecular and cellular biology techniques (permeability), we demonstrate the expression and functionality of HCs-Cxs, including Cx46 and Cx32, which are associated with the release of ATP during the neurulation process in Xenopus laevis. Furthermore, applications of FGF2 and/or changes in intracellular redox potentials (DTT), well known HCs-Cxs modulators, transiently regulated the ATP release in our model. Importantly, the blockade of HCs-Cxs by carbenoxolone (CBX) and enoxolone (ENX) reduced ATP release with a concomitant formation of NTDs. We propose two possible and highly conserved binding sites (N and E) in Cx46 that may mediate the pharmacological effect of CBX and ENX on the formation of NTDs. In summary, our results highlight the importance of ATP release mediated by HCs-Cxs during neurulation.
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24
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Engelhardt DM, Martyr CA, Niswander L. Pathogenesis of neural tube defects: The regulation and disruption of cellular processes underlying neural tube closure. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1559. [PMID: 35504597 PMCID: PMC9605354 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube closure (NTC) is crucial for proper development of the brain and spinal cord and requires precise morphogenesis from a sheet of cells to an intact three-dimensional structure. NTC is dependent on successful regulation of hundreds of genes, a myriad of signaling pathways, concentration gradients, and is influenced by epigenetic and environmental cues. Failure of NTC is termed a neural tube defect (NTD) and is a leading class of congenital defects in the United States and worldwide. Though NTDs are all defined as incomplete closure of the neural tube, the pathogenesis of an NTD determines the type, severity, positioning, and accompanying phenotypes. In this review, we survey pathogenesis of NTDs relating to disruption of cellular processes arising from genetic mutations, altered epigenetic regulation, and environmental influences by micronutrients and maternal condition. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Engelhardt
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Cara A Martyr
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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25
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Huang W, Yuan Z, Gu H. Exploring epigenomic mechanisms of neural tube defects using multi-omics methods and data. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:50-60. [PMID: 35666948 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a heterogeneous set of malformations attributed to disruption in normal neural tube closure during early embryogenesis. An in-depth understanding of NTD etiology and mechanisms remains elusive, however. Among the proposed mechanisms, epigenetic changes are thought to play an important role in the formation of NTDs. Epigenomics covers a wide spectrum of genomic DNA sequence modifications that can be investigated via high-throughput techniques. Recent advances in epigenomic technologies have enabled epigenetic studies of congenital malformations and facilitated the integration of big data into the understanding of NTDs. Herein, we review clinical epigenomic data that focuses on DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA alterations in human neural tissues, placental tissues, and leukocytes to explore potential mechanisms by which candidate genes affect human NTD pathogenesis. We discuss the links between epigenomics and gene regulatory mechanisms, and the effects of epigenetic alterations in human tissues on neural tube closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Chen Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Ning W, Chen L, Yin Y, Zhang W, Lian J, Wang H. Construction and predictive value of risk models of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein variants and fetal open neural tube defects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:822-831. [PMID: 35238224 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) variants (AFP-L2, AFP-L3), free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG), and open neural tube defects (ONTDs) during the second trimester, and the screening efficiency of different risk models remain indistinct. We conducted a retrospective case-control study, and studied 57 pregnant women with ONTD fetuses and 569 pregnant women with normal fetuses. The receiver operating characteristic curve method indicated the best cutoff value and area under the curve (AUC). The predictive value of ONTD risk models by free β-hCG, AFP, AFP-L2, and AFP-L3 was investigated via integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Compared to the control group, AFP, AFP-L2, and AFP-L3 levels were significantly higher, while free β-hCG level was significantly lower in the study group. The triple-index model of free β-hCG + AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 and the dual-index model of AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 showed the best predictive values, respectively (AUC = 0.905; AUC = 0.885). The order of the single-index model AUCs was AFP-L3 > AFP-L2 > AFP > free β-hCG. The negative predictive value, false positive rate, and negative likelihood ratio of AFP-L2, AFP-L3 alone, or combined with free β- hCG were better than those of AFP alone; however, the positive likelihood ratio was the opposite. The replacement of AFP by AFP-L2 or AFP-L3 combined with free β-hCG increased the IDI and NRI for predicting ONTD. The top five DCAs were AFP-L2 + free β-hCG, free β-hCG, AFP-L3, AFP + free β-hCG, and AFP. Indicators of maternal serum free β-hCG, AFP-L2, and AFP-L3 in the second trimester exhibited high sensitivity and specificity screening for ONTD fetuses. Risk models constructed using AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 and AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 + free β-hCG demonstrated better screening efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Reproduction Center, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221010, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- Department of the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - WenWen Ning
- Department of the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yixuan Yin
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jiejing Lian
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou 310008, China
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27
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Yan K, Qie Z, Vásquez E, Guo F, Zhang L, Lin Z, Qin H. Tea consumption during the periconceptional period does not significantly increase the prevalence of neural tube defects: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2022; 102:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Wang C, Seltzsam S, Zheng B, Wu CHW, Nicolas-Frank C, Yousef K, Au KS, Mann N, Pantel D, Schneider S, Schierbaum L, Kitzler TM, Connaughton DM, Mao Y, Dai R, Nakayama M, Kari JA, El Desoky S, Shalaby M, Eid LA, Awad HS, Tasic V, Mane SM, Lifton RP, Baum MA, Shril S, Estrada CR, Hildebrandt F. Whole exome sequencing identifies potential candidate genes for spina bifida derived from mouse models. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1355-1367. [PMID: 35040250 PMCID: PMC8995376 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Spina bifida (SB) is the second most common nonlethal congenital malformation. The existence of monogenic SB mouse models and human monogenic syndromes with SB features indicate that human SB may be caused by monogenic genes. We hypothesized that whole exome sequencing (WES) allows identification of potential candidate genes by (i) generating a list of 136 candidate genes for SB, and (ii) by unbiased exome-wide analysis. We generated a list of 136 potential candidate genes from three categories and evaluated WES data of 50 unrelated SB cases for likely deleterious variants in 136 potential candidate genes, and for potential SB candidate genes exome-wide. We identified 6 likely deleterious variants in 6 of the 136 potential SB candidate genes in 6 of the 50 SB cases, whereof 4 genes were derived from mouse models, 1 gene was derived from human nonsyndromic SB, and 1 gene was derived from candidate genes known to cause human syndromic SB. In addition, by unbiased exome-wide analysis, we identified 12 genes as potential candidates for SB. Identification of these 18 potential candidate genes in larger SB cohorts will help decide which ones can be considered as novel monogenic causes of human SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Steve Seltzsam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Han Wilfred Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Urology and Genetics, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Camille Nicolas-Frank
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirollos Yousef
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dalia Pantel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Schneider
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luca Schierbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dervla M Connaughton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youying Mao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Desoky
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shalaby
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loai A Eid
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem S Awad
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Shrikant M Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle A Baum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos R Estrada
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Ma L, Wei X, Ma W, Liu Y, Wang Y, He Y, Jia S, Wang Y, Luo W, Liu D, Huang T, Yan J, Gu H, Bai Y, Yuan Z. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:539-551. [PMID: 35325230 PMCID: PMC9154334 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal bifida aperta (SBA) is a congenital malformation with a high incidence. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has the potential to repair the structure of damaged tissues and restore their functions. This is an optional treatment that can be used as a supplement to surgery in the treatment of SBA. However, the application of BMSCs is limited, as the neuronal differentiation rate of BMSCs is not satisfactory when used in treating severe SBA. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of neural stem cell (NSC)-derived exosomes on BMSC neuronal differentiation and observe the therapeutic effect in an ex vivo rat SBA embryo model. We found that NSC-derived exosomes increased the neuronal differentiation rate of BMSCs in vitro and in the SBA embryo model ex vivo. Proteomic analysis showed that NSC-derived exosomes were enriched in Netrin1, which positively regulated neuronal differentiation. Netrin1 increased the neuronal differentiation rate of BMSCs and NSCs and upregulated the expression of the neuronal markers, microtubule-associated protein (Map2), neurofilament, and β3-tubulin. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Netrin1 treatment increased the expression of the transcription factors Hand2 and Phox2b, related to neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the Netrin1-induced NSC neuronal differentiation was significantly blocked by Phox2b knockdown. We suggest that NSC-derived exosomal Netrin1 induces neuronal differentiation via the Hand2/Phox2b axis by upregulating the expression of Hand2 and Phox2b. Therefore, NSC-derived exosomes are a critical inducer of BMSC neuronal differentiation and represent a potential treatment agent that can benefit BMSC treatment in SBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfu Wang
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianchu Huang
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Zhengwei Yuan, Key laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China. Tel: +86 24 23929903;
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30
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Liu M, Wang D, Wang C, Yin S, Pi X, Li Z, Wang L, Liu J, Yin C, Jin L, Ren A. High concentrations of aluminum in maternal serum and placental tissue are associated with increased risk for fetal neural tube defects. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131387. [PMID: 34217934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)1 is ubiquitously present in the environment, and human exposure to Al is common. Al has been reported to be involved in various human diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). This study aimed to examine the association between prenatal Al exposure and the risk for NTDs using Al concentrations in maternal serum and placental tissue. The subjects were recruited from six counties/cities in the Shanxi province of northern China from 2003 to 2016. Al concentrations in both types of specimens were assessed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In the maternal serum cohort (200 cases and 400 controls), compared to the lowest tertile concentration of Al, the highest Al tertile was associated with 2.42-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.23-4.87) increased risk after adjustment for confounding factors. In the placental tissue cohort (408 cases and 593 controls), the highest tertile of Al also tended to be associated with an elevated risk for NTDs [adjusted odds ratio, 1.60 (0.94-2.70)]. When analyzed by NTD subtypes, the highest Al tertile was associated with an increased risk for anencephaly in both cohorts after adjustment for confounders [odds ratio, 1.97 (1.15-3.48) in the maternal serum cohort; odds ratio, 4.75 (2.01-12.00) in the placental tissue cohort]. Taken together, using concentrations of Al in maternal serum and placental tissue as exposure markers, we found that prenatal exposure to higher levels of Al is a risk factor for fetal NTDs, especially for the anencephaly subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengju Yin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Pi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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31
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Kakebeen AD, Niswander L. Micronutrient imbalance and common phenotypes in neural tube defects. Genesis 2021; 59:e23455. [PMID: 34665506 PMCID: PMC8599664 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common birth defects, with a prevalence of close to 19 per 10,000 births worldwide. The etiology of NTDs is complex involving the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Since nutrient deficiency is a risk factor and dietary changes are the major preventative measure to reduce the risk of NTDs, a more detailed understanding of how common micronutrient imbalances contribute to NTDs is crucial. While folic acid has been the most discussed environmental factor due to the success that population-wide fortification has had on prevention of NTDs, folic acid supplementation does not prevent all NTDs. The imbalance of several other micronutrients has been implicated as risks for NTDs by epidemiological studies and in vivo studies in animal models. In this review, we highlight recent literature deciphering the multifactorial mechanisms underlying NTDs with an emphasis on mouse and human data. Specifically, we focus on advances in our understanding of how too much or too little retinoic acid, zinc, and iron alter gene expression and cellular processes contributing to the pathobiology of NTDs. Synthesis of the discussed literature reveals common cellular phenotypes found in embryos with NTDs resulting from several micronutrient imbalances. The goal is to combine knowledge of these common cellular phenotypes with mechanisms underlying micronutrient imbalances to provide insights into possible new targets for preventative measures against NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Dixie Kakebeen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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32
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Wolujewicz P, Steele JW, Kaltschmidt JA, Finnell RH, Ross ME. Unraveling the complex genetics of neural tube defects: From biological models to human genomics and back. Genesis 2021; 59:e23459. [PMID: 34713546 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a classic example of preventable birth defects for which there is a proven-effective intervention, folic acid (FA); however, further methods of prevention remain unrealized. In the decades following implementation of FA nutritional fortification programs throughout at least 87 nations, it has become apparent that not all NTDs can be prevented by FA. In the United States, FA fortification only reduced NTD rates by 28-35% (Williams et al., 2015). As such, it is imperative that further work is performed to understand the risk factors associated with NTDs and their underlying mechanisms so that alternative prevention strategies can be developed. However, this is complicated by the sheer number of genes associated with neural tube development, the heterogeneity of observable phenotypes in human cases, the rareness of the disease, and the myriad of environmental factors associated with NTD risk. Given the complex genetic architecture underlying NTD pathology and the way in which that architecture interacts dynamically with environmental factors, further prevention initiatives will undoubtedly require precision medicine strategies that utilize the power of human genomics and modern tools for assessing genetic risk factors. Herein, we review recent advances in genomic strategies for discovering genetic variants associated with these defects, and new ways in which biological models, such as mice and cell culture-derived organoids, are leveraged to assess mechanistic functionality, the way these variants interact with other genetic or environmental factors, and their ultimate contribution to human NTD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wolujewicz
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - John W Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julia A Kaltschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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33
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Human neural tube morphogenesis in vitro by geometric constraints. Nature 2021; 599:268-272. [PMID: 34707290 PMCID: PMC8828633 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding human organ formation is a scientific challenge with far-reaching medical implications1,2. Three-dimensional stem-cell cultures have provided insights into human cell differentiation3,4. However, current approaches use scaffold-free stem-cell aggregates, which develop non-reproducible tissue shapes and variable cell-fate patterns. This limits their capacity to recapitulate organ formation. Here we present a chip-based culture system that enables self-organization of micropatterned stem cells into precise three-dimensional cell-fate patterns and organ shapes. We use this system to recreate neural tube folding from human stem cells in a dish. Upon neural induction5,6, neural ectoderm folds into a millimetre-long neural tube covered with non-neural ectoderm. Folding occurs at 90% fidelity, and anatomically resembles the developing human neural tube. We find that neural and non-neural ectoderm are necessary and sufficient for folding morphogenesis. We identify two mechanisms drive folding: (1) apical contraction of neural ectoderm, and (2) basal adhesion mediated via extracellular matrix synthesis by non-neural ectoderm. Targeting these two mechanisms using drugs leads to morphological defects similar to neural tube defects. Finally, we show that neural tissue width determines neural tube shape, suggesting that morphology along the anterior-posterior axis depends on neural ectoderm geometry in addition to molecular gradients7. Our approach provides a new route to the study of human organ morphogenesis in health and disease.
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34
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Molina-Giraldo S, Zapata Salcedo R, Rojas Arias JL, Acuña Osorio E, Pinto Quiñones ML, Restrepo HF, Cruz-Martinez R. Open surgery for in utero repair of spina bifida: Microneurosurgery versus standard technique - A systematic review. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:1615-1623. [PMID: 34676573 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair has been shown to improve neurological outcomes. It has been suggested that decreases in the hysterotomy diameter during surgery can improve perinatal outcomes without altering neurologic outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe and compare the main maternal and fetal outcomes of fetuses undergoing open surgery for MMC repair, through the different modifications (standard-classical, mini-hysterotomy, and microneurosurgery). DATA SOURCE MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid, SciELO, LILACS, PROSPERO. RESULTS From a total of 112 studies, seven case series were selected including 399 fetuses with open fetal surgery, five studies using the classical technique (n = 181), one with mini-hysterotomy (n = 176), and one with the microneurosurgery technique (n = 42). The mini-hysterotomy and microneurosurgery techniques presented a lower risk of preterm delivery (21.4% and 30%, respectively) compared to the classic technique (47.3%), premature rupture of membranes (78%, 62%, and 72.5 %, respectively), oligohydramnios (0% and 72.5%, respectively), dehiscence of hysterotomy, maintaining the same frequency of Chiari reversion (78%, 62%, and 72.5%, respectively), postnatal correction requirement (0%, 4.8%, and 5.8%, respectively), and lower frequency of requirement for a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement (13.0%, 7.5%, and 29.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION The least invasive techniques (minihysterotomy-microneurosurgery) are possible and reproduceable, as they are associated with better maternal and perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Molina-Giraldo
- Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS, FetoNetwork Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Colsubsidio 94, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roberto Zapata Salcedo
- Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS, FetoNetwork Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Luis Rojas Arias
- Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS, FetoNetwork Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar Acuña Osorio
- Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS, FetoNetwork Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha Lucia Pinto Quiñones
- Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS, FetoNetwork Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Colsubsidio 94, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hector Fabio Restrepo
- Research Division, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rogelio Cruz-Martinez
- Unidad de Cirugía Fetal, Hospital de Especialidades del Niño y la Mujer, y Centro de Diagnóstico Prenatal Avanzado y Cirugía Fetal, Medicina Fetal México, Querétaro, México
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Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the association between maternal caffeine consumption and infant and childhood health outcomes and the results have been inconsistent. The study of maternal caffeine intake and infant and childhood health outcomes is prone to methodologic challenges. In this review, we examine the existing evidence juxtaposed with the epidemiologic design challenges that color the interpretation of the study results presented. In light of methodologic/interpretation challenges, it seems reasonable to infer that exposure to low levels of caffeine is probably not associated with substantial infant and childhood adversities. However, more research is needed using well designed studies that address methodologic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Brookline, MA, USA
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Ní Ghrálaigh F, Gallagher L, Lopez LM. Autism spectrum disorder genomics: The progress and potential of genomic technologies. Genomics 2020; 112:5136-5142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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The Stimulation of Neurogenesis Improves the Cognitive Status of Aging Rats Subjected to Gestational and Perinatal Deficiency of B9-12 Vitamins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218008. [PMID: 33126444 PMCID: PMC7662762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A deficiency in B-vitamins is known to lead to persistent developmental defects in various organs during early life. The nervous system is particularly affected with functional retardation in infants and young adults. In addition, even if in some cases no damage appears evident in the beginning of life, correlations have been shown between B-vitamin metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the usual treatment based on B-vitamin injections, the neurological outcomes remain poorly rescued in the majority of cases, compared with physiological functions. In this study, we explored whether a neonatal stimulation of neurogenesis could compensate atrophy of specific brain areas such as the hippocampus, in the case of B-vitamin deficiency. Using a physiological mild transient hypoxia within the first 24 h after birth, rat-pups, submitted or not to neonatal B-vitamin deficiency, were followed until 330-days-of-age for their cognitive capacities and their hippocampus status. Our results showed a gender effect since females were more affected than males by the deficiency, showing a persistent low body weight and poor cognitive performance to exit a maze. Nevertheless, the neonatal stimulation of neurogenesis with hypoxia rescued the maze performance during adulthood without modifying physiological markers, such as body weight and circulating homocysteine. Our findings were reinforced by an increase of several markers at 330-days-of-age in hypoxic animals, such as Ammon’s Horn 1hippocampus (CA1) thickness and the expression of key actors of synaptic dynamic, such as the NMDA-receptor-1 (NMDAR1) and the post-synaptic-density-95 (PSD-95). We have not focused our conclusion on the neonatal hypoxia as a putative treatment, but we have discussed that, in the case of neurologic retardation associated with a reduced B-vitamin status, stimulation of the latent neurogenesis in infants could ameliorate their quality of life during their lifespan.
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