1
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Fox R, Klug J, Thompson D, Reilly A. Computational predictions of cocrystal formation: A benchmark study of 28 assemblies comparing five methods from high-throughput to advanced models. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:2465-2475. [PMID: 38958249 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cocrystals are assemblies of more than one type of molecule stabilized through noncovalent interactions. They are promising materials for improved drug formulation in which the stability, solubility, or biocompatibility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is improved by including a coformer. In this work, a range of density functional theory (DFT) and density functional tight binding (DFTB) models are systematically compared for their ability to predict the lattice enthalpy of a broad range of existing pharmaceutically relevant cocrystals. These range from cocrystals containing model compounds 4,4'-bipyridine and oxalic acid to those with the well benchmarked APIs of aspirin and paracetamol, all tested with a large set of alternative coformers. For simple cocrystals, there is a general consensus in lattice enthalpy calculated by the different DFT models. For the cocrystals with API coformers the cocrystals, enthalpy predictions depend strongly on the DFT model. The significantly lighter DFTB models predict unrealistic values of lattice enthalpy even for simple cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fox
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joaquin Klug
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Anthony Reilly
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Diniz LF, Carvalho PS, Souza MAC, Diniz R, Fernandes C. Highly Soluble Dacarbazine Multicomponent Crystals Less Prone to Photodegradation. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3661-3673. [PMID: 38858241 PMCID: PMC11220790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Dacarbazine (DTIC) is a widely prescribed oncolytic agent to treat advanced malignant melanomas. Nevertheless, the drug is known for exhibiting low and pH-dependent solubility, in addition to being photosensitive. These features imply the formation of the inactive photodegradation product 2-azahypoxanthine (2-AZA) during pharmaceutical manufacturing and even drug administration. We have focused on developing novel DTIC salt/cocrystal forms with enhanced solubility and dissolution behaviors to overcome or minimize this undesirable biopharmaceutical profile. By cocrystallization techniques, two salts, two cocrystals, and one salt-cocrystal have been successfully prepared through reactions with aliphatic carboxylic acids. A detailed structural study of these new multicomponent crystals was conducted using X-ray diffraction (SCXRD, PXRD), spectroscopic (FT-IR and 1H NMR), and thermal (TG and DSC) analyses. Most DTIC crystal forms reported display substantial enhancements in solubility (up to 19-fold), with faster intrinsic dissolution rates (from 1.3 to 22-fold), contributing positively to reducing the photodegradation of DTIC in solution. These findings reinforce the potential of these new solid forms to enhance the limited DTIC biopharmaceutical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan F. Diniz
- Laboratório
de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento
de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo
Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Carvalho
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Mateus A. C. Souza
- Laboratório
de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento
de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo
Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Diniz
- Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo
Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Laboratório
de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento
de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo
Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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3
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Zhao C, Li Z, Ji L, Wang H, Ouyang G, Liu M. Aggregate-state-dependent photochromism and circularly polarized luminescence of a chiral biquinoline amphiphile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6047-6050. [PMID: 38775836 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The photophysical and chiroptical properties of a chiral biquinoline amphiphile were found to be closely related to its aggregate states. Photochromism through photo-induced radical and circularly polarized luminescence were realized in its gel state and thin film state, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zujian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lukang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guanghui Ouyang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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4
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Bodach A, Portet A, Winkelmann F, Herrmann B, Gallou F, Ponnusamy E, Virieux D, Colacino E, Felderhoff M. Scalability of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystal Formation by Mechanochemistry in Batch. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301220. [PMID: 37975728 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of mechanochemistry is considerably growing. Benign by design, this technology complies with several principles of green chemistry, contributing to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and the European Green Deal objectives. Herein, we report the use of mechanochemical processes in batch to prepare kilogram-scale of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API): Ibuprofen-Nicotinamide (rac-IBP:NCT) co-crystal in an industrial eccentric vibration mill. This scenario shows a sustainable approach to the industrial up-scaling of pharmaceutical co-crystals by a solvent-free mechanochemical process in batch. The quantitative assessment of the greenness of the mechanochemical process against the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry was performed using the DOZN 2.0 Green Chemistry Evaluator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bodach
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anaïs Portet
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederik Winkelmann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Bastian Herrmann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Ettigounder Ponnusamy
- Merck, SIGMA-ALDRICH Production GmbH, Industriestrasse 25, CH-9471, Buchs, Switzerland
| | - David Virieux
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Michael Felderhoff
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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5
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Nam S, Lim C, Kim Y, Yoon B, Park T, Kim WS, An JH. Investigation of the Storage and Stability as Well as the Dissolution Rate of Novel Ilaprazole/Xylitol Cocrystal. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:122. [PMID: 38258132 PMCID: PMC10818325 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Reflux esophagitis, a treatment for gastric ulcers known as Ilaprazole (Ila), is not stable during storage and handling at room temperature, requiring storage at 5 degrees Celsius. In this study, to address these issues with Ila, coformers rich in oxygen (O) and hydroxyl (OH) groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with were selected. These coformers included Xylitol (Xyl), Meglumine (Meg), Nicotinic acid (Nic), L-Aspartic acid (Asp), and L-Glutamic acid (Glu). A 1:1 physical mixture of Ila and each coformer was prepared, and the potential for cocrystal formation was predicted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) screening. The results indicated the potential for cocrystal formation in the Ila/Xyl physical mixture. Subsequently, Ila and Xyl were mixed in ethyl acetate (EA) in a 1:1 ratio, and after 28 h of slurry, the formation of Ila/Xyl cocrystal was confirmed through solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectrum analysis, showing intermolecular hydrogen bonding and conformational changes. Furthermore, the 1:1 ratio of Ila/Xyl cocrystal was confirmed through solution-state NMR (1H, 13C, and 2D) molecular structure analysis. To assess the stability of Ila/Xyl cocrystal at room temperature, it was stored and compared with Ila at 25 ± 2 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 65 ± 5% over three months. The results showed that the purity of Ila/Xyl cocrystal remained at 99.8% from the initial purity of 99.75% over the three months, while Ila was predicted to decrease from an initial 99.8% purity to 90% after three months. Additionally, at 25 ± 2 °C and RH 65 ± 5%, a specific impurity B in Ila/Xyl cocrystal was observed to be 0.03% over three months, whereas Ila was predicted to increase from an initial 0.032% to 2.28% after three months. To evaluate the dissolution rate of Ila/Xyl cocrystal, a formulation was prepared and compared with Ila at pH 10, with a dosage equivalent to 10 mg of Ila. The results showed that Ila/Xyl cocrystal reached 55% within 15 min and 100% within 45 min, while Ila was predicted to reach 32% at 15 min and 100% only after 60 min. However, overall, the Ila/Xyl cocrystal showed results equivalent to or exceeding the dissolution rate of Ila. Therefore, it is predicted that the Ila/Xyl cocrystal will maximize its effectiveness as a more convenient crystal structure for formulation development, allowing storage and preservation at room temperature without the need for the problematic 5 °C refrigeration during ambient conditions and storage, addressing the issues associated with Ila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyun Nam
- Functional Crystallization Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Changjin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yongdae Kim
- R&D Center, UniCel Lab, Uiwang 16079, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bokyoung Yoon
- R&D Center GUJU Pharm, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (T.P.)
| | - Taewoo Park
- R&D Center GUJU Pharm, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (T.P.)
| | - Woo-Sik Kim
- Functional Crystallization Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Hun An
- R&D Center, UniCel Lab, Uiwang 16079, Republic of Korea;
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6
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Silva IDA, Bartalucci E, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Mechanochemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304092. [PMID: 37407000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it is shown that mechanochemical strategies can be beneficial in directed conversions of organic compounds. Finding new reactions proved difficult, and due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical reaction events, respective efforts have mostly remained empirical. Spectroscopic techniques are crucial in shedding light on these questions. In this overview, the opportunities and challenges of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of organic mechanochemistry are discussed. After a brief discussion of the basics of high-resolution solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions, seven opportunities for solid-state NMR in the field of organic mechanochemistry are presented, ranging from ex situ approaches to structurally elucidated reaction products obtained by milling to the potential and limitations of in situ solid-state NMR approaches. Particular strengths of solid-state NMR, for instance in differentiating polymorphs, in NMR-crystallographic structure-determination protocols, or in detecting weak noncovalent interactions in molecular-recognition events employing proton-detected solid-state NMR experiments at fast MAS frequencies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Twenty years ago, I wrote a Chem. Commun. feature article entitled "Crystal Engineering: where from? Where to?": an update is in order. In this Highlight I argue that molecular crystal engineering, one of the areas of fast development of the field, has definitely reached the stage of "delivering the goods": new functional materials assembled via non-covalent interactions and/or improved properties of existing materials. As a proof of concept, the crystal engineering approach to tackle two contemporary emergencies, namely, urea fertilizer degradation and development of antimicrobial resistance by pathogens, is discussed and application-driven examples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Braga
- Chemistry Department G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 4016 Bologna, Italy.
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8
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Mišura O, Kodrin I, Borovina M, Pisačić M, De Silva V, Aakeröy CB, Đaković M. Exploring the Co-Crystallization Landscape of One-Dimensional Coordination Polymers Using a Molecular Electrostatic Potential-Driven Approach. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:7198-7206. [PMID: 38618254 PMCID: PMC11010263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The ability of coordination polymers (CPs) to form multicomponent heteromeric materials, where the key structural features of the parent CP are retained, has been explored via molecular electrostatic potential-driven co-crystallization technologies. Thirteen co-formers presenting hydrogen-bond donors activated through a variety of electron-withdrawing functionalities were employed, and the extent of activation was evaluated using molecular electrostatic potential values. Attempted co-crystallizations of the seven most promising co-formers with a family of nine CPs ([CdX'2(X-pz)2]n; X' = I, Br, and Cl; X = I, Br, and Cl) resulted in six successful outcomes; all four of the structurally characterized compounds displayed the intended hydrogen bond. The rationalization of the main structural features revealed that strict structural and electrostatic requirements were imposed on effective co-formers; only co-formers with highly activated hydrogen-bond donors, and with a 1,4-orientation of electron-withdrawing moieties bearing effective acceptor sites, were successfully implemented into the three-dimensional architectures composed of one-dimensional building units of CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozana Mišura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kodrin
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mladen Borovina
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mateja Pisačić
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Viraj De Silva
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United
States
| | - Christer B. Aakeröy
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United
States
| | - Marijana Đaković
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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9
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Verma P, Srivastava A, Tandon P, Shimpi MR. Insights into structural, spectroscopic, and hydrogen bonding interaction patterns of nicotinamide-oxalic acid (form I) salt by using experimental and theoretical approaches. Front Chem 2023; 11:1203278. [PMID: 37476653 PMCID: PMC10354448 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1203278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, nicotinamide-oxalic acid (NIC-OXA, form I) salt was crystallized by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution. To understand the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of NIC after co-crystallization with OXA, experimental infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopic signatures, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to characterize and validate the salt. The density functional theory (DFT) methodology was adopted to perform all theoretical calculations by using the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) functional/basis set. The experimental geometrical parameters were matched in good correlation with the theoretical parameters of the dimer than the monomer, due to the fact of covering the nearest hydrogen bonding interactions present in the crystal structure of the salt. The IR and Raman spectra of the dimer showed the red (downward) shifting and broadening of bands among (N15-H16), (N38-H39), and (C13=O14) bonds of NIC and (C26=O24), (C3=O1), and (C26=O25) groups of OXA, hence involved in the formation of NIC-OXA salt. The atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis revealed that (N8-H9···O24) is the strongest (conventional) intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction in the dimer model of salt with the maximum value of interaction energy -12.1 kcal mol-1. Furthermore, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the Fock matrix showed that in the dimer model, the (N8-H9···O24) bond is responsible for the stabilization of the salt with an energy value of 13.44 kcal mol-1. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis showed that NIC-OXA (form I) salt is more reactive and less stable than NIC, as the energy gap of NIC-OXA (form I) salt is less than that of NIC. The global and local reactivity descriptor parameters were calculated for the monomer and dimer models of the salt. The electrophilic, nucleophilic, and neutral reactive sites of NIC, OXA, monomer, and dimer models of salt were visualized by plotting the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) surface. The study provides valuable insights into combining both experimental and theoretical results that could define the physicochemical properties of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Verma
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Poonam Tandon
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Manishkumar R. Shimpi
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Madanayake SN, Manipura A, Thakuria R, Adassooriya NM. Opportunities and Challenges in Mechanochemical Cocrystallization toward Scaled-Up Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sithmi Nimashi Madanayake
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna Manipura
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Nadeesh M. Adassooriya
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Khan S, Zahoor M, Rahman MU, Gul Z. Cocrystals; basic concepts, properties and formation strategies. Z PHYS CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2022-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cocrystallization is an old technique and remains the focus of several research groups working in the field of Chemistry and Pharmacy. This technique is basically in field for improving physicochemical properties of material which can be active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or other chemicals with poor profile. So this review article has been presented in order to combine various concepts for scientists working in the field of chemistry, pharmacy or crystal engineering, also it was attempt to elaborate concepts belonging to crystal designing, their structures and applications. A handsome efforts have been made to bring scientists together working in different fields and to make chemistry easier for a pharmacist and pharmacy for chemists pertaining to cocrystals. Various aspects of chemicals being used as co-formers have been explored which predict the formation of co-crystals or molecular salts and even inorganic cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Khan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry , Government Degree College Lundkhwar , Mardan 23130 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Zarif Gul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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12
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Ding F, Cao W, Wang R, Wang N, Li A, Wei Y, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Pang Z. Mechanistic Study on Transformation of Coamorphous Baicalein-Nicotinamide to Its Cocrystal Form. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:513-524. [PMID: 36150469 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, coamorphization and cocrystal technologies are of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to improve the solubility/dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, while the coamorphous system often tends to convert into the stable crystalline form usually crystalline physical mixture of each component during formulation preparation or storage. In this paper, BCS II drug baicalein (BAI) along with nicotinamide (NIC) were prepared into a single homogeneous coamorphous system with a single transition temperature at 42.5 °C. Interestingly, instead of the physical mixture of crystalline BAI and NIC, coamorphous BAI-NIC would transform to its cocrystal form under stress of temperature and humidity. The transformation rate under isothermal condition was temperature-dependent, since the crystallinity of the cocrystal enhanced as the temperature increased. Further mechanic studies showed the activation energy for the transformation under non-isothermal condition was calculated to be 184.52 kJ/mol. Additionally, water vapor sorption tests with further solid characterizations indicated the transformation was faster under higher humidity condition due to the faster nucleation process of cocrystal BAI-NIC. This research not only discovered the mechanism of transformation from coamorphous BAI-NIC to cocrystal form, but also provided an unusual method for cocrystal preparation from its coamorphous form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Hailing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210049, PR China
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Anran Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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13
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Liu WY, Hsieh YS, Ko HH, Wu YT. Formulation Approaches to Crystalline Status Modification for Carotenoids: Impacts on Dissolution, Stability, Bioavailability, and Bioactivities. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020485. [PMID: 36839810 PMCID: PMC9965060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, including carotenes and xanthophylls, have been identified as bioactive ingredients in foods and are considered to possess health-promoting effects. From a biopharmaceutical perspective, several physicochemical characteristics, such as scanty water solubility, restricted dissolution, and susceptibility to oxidation may influence their oral bioavailability and eventually, their effectiveness. In this review, we have summarized various formulation approaches that deal with the modification of crystalline status for carotenoids, which may improve their physicochemical properties, oral absorption, and biological effects. The mechanisms involving crystalline alteration and the typical methods for examining crystalline states in the pharmaceutical field have been included, and representative formulation approaches are introduced to unriddle the mechanisms and effects more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shan Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.K.); (Y.-T.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2643) (H.-H.K.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2254) (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Yu-Tse Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.K.); (Y.-T.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2643) (H.-H.K.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2254) (Y.-T.W.)
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14
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Wathoni N, Sari WA, Elamin KM, Mohammed AFA, Suharyani I. A Review of Coformer Utilization in Multicomponent Crystal Formation. Molecules 2022; 27:8693. [PMID: 36557827 PMCID: PMC9786674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recently discovered active pharmaceutical molecules and market-approved medicines are poorly soluble in water, resulting in limited drug bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. The application of coformers in a multicomponent crystal method is one possible strategy to modulate a drug's solubility. A multicomponent crystal is a solid phase formed when several molecules of different substances crystallize in a crystal lattice with a certain stoichiometric ratio. The goal of this review paper is to comprehensively describe the application of coformers in the formation of multicomponent crystals as solutions for pharmaceutically active ingredients with limited solubility. Owing to their benefits including improved physicochemical profile of pharmaceutically active ingredients, multicomponent crystal methods are predicted to become increasingly prevalent in the development of active drug ingredients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Research Center of Biopolymer for Drug and Cosmetic Delivery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Wuri Ariestika Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Khaled M. Elamin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | - Ine Suharyani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Jl. Cideng Indah No.3, Cirebon 45153, Indonesia
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15
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Lekhan A, Fiore C, Shemchuk O, Grepioni F, Braga D, Turner RJ. Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Proflavine Co-crystallized with Silver, Copper, Zinc, and Gallium Salts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4203-4212. [PMID: 35970511 PMCID: PMC9491326 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we exploit our mechanochemical synthesis for co-crystallization of an organic antiseptic, proflavine, with metal-based antimicrobials (silver, copper, zinc, and gallium). Our previous studies have looked for general antimicrobial activity for the co-crystals: proflavine·AgNO3, proflavine·CuCl, ZnCl3[Proflavinium], [Proflavinium]2[ZnCl4]·H2O, and [Proflavinium]3[Ga(oxalate)3]·4H2O. Here, we explore and compare more precisely the bacteriostatic (minimal inhibitory concentrations) and antibiofilm (prevention of cell attachment and propagation) activities of the co-crystals. For this, we choose three prominent "ESKAPE" bacterial pathogens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial behavior of the co-crystals was compared to that of the separate components of the polycrystalline samples to ascertain whether the proflavine-metal complex association in the solid state provided effective antimicrobial performance. We were particularly interested to see if the co-crystals were effective in preventing bacteria from initiating and propagating the biofilm mode of growth, as this growth form provides high antimicrobial resistance properties. We found that for the planktonic lifestyle of growth of the three bacterial strains, different co-crystal formulations gave selectivity for best performance. For the biofilm state of growth, we see that the silver proflavine co-crystal has the best overall antibiofilm activity against all three organisms. However, other proflavine-metal co-crystals also show practical antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus. While not all proflavine-metal co-crystals demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial efficacy over their constituents alone, all possessed acceptable antimicrobial properties while trapped in the co-crystal form. We also demonstrate that the metal-proflavine crystals retain antimicrobial activity in storage. This work defines that co-crystallization of metal compounds and organic antimicrobials has a potential role in the quest for antimicrobials/antiseptics in the defense against bacteria in our antimicrobial resistance era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Lekhan
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cecilia Fiore
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oleksii Shemchuk
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université
Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Braga
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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16
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Zhang L, Zhou J, Wu Y, Wang P, Jin S, Lu Y, Wang D. Noncovalent-bonded 2D-3D supramolecular adducts from 6-methylpyridine-3-carboxamide and carboxylic acids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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A co-crystal berberine-ibuprofen improves obesity by inhibiting the protein kinases TBK1 and IKKɛ. Commun Biol 2022; 5:807. [PMID: 35962183 PMCID: PMC9374667 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) exerts specific therapeutic effects on various diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and other inflammation-associated diseases. However, the low oral bioavailability (below 1%) of berberine due to its poor solubility and membrane permeability limits its clinical use. In this paper, we have prepared a 1:1 co-crystal berberine-ibuprofen (BJ) using drug salt metathesis and co-crystal technology. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate a 3-fold increase in vivo bioavailability of BJ compared to that of BBR, and BJ is more effective in treating obesity and its related metabolism in vitro and in vivo. We also find that BJ promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by inhibiting TBK1 and inducing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and BJ increases adipocyte sensitivity to catecholamine by inhibiting IKKε. Together, our findings support that co-crystal BJ is likely to be an effective agent for treating obesity and its related metabolic diseases targeting TBK1 and IKKε.
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18
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Zhou F, Collard L, Robeyns K, Leyssens T, Shemchuk O. L-Proline, a resolution agent able to target both enantiomers of mandelic acid: an exciting case of stoichiometry controlled chiral resolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8560-8563. [PMID: 35815867 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a thought-provoking development in chiral resolution. Using a resolving agent of a given handedness, L-proline, we show that both R- and S-enantiomers of mandelic acid can be resolved from a racemic mixture simply by varying the stoichiometry. We are the first to report this specific feature, achieved by the existence of stoichiometrically diverse cocrystal systems between R- and S-mandelic acid and L-proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zhou
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Laurent Collard
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Oleksii Shemchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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19
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Li M, Chen X, Yakiyama Y, Wu J, Akutagawa T, Sakurai H. Tuning the dielectric response by co-crystallisation of sumanene and its fluorinated derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8950-8953. [PMID: 35856625 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02766f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of co-crystals of 1,1-difluorosumanene (F2-Sum) and sumanene (Sum) were obtained. The co-crystallization successfully tuned their structural and physical properties, especially the dielectric response, without any chemical modifications. X-ray analyses and theoretical calculations revealed the reduction of intermolecular interaction energy due to the presence of F2-Sum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Yumi Yakiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. .,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - JianYun Wu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808579, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808579, Japan.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. .,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Mazzeo PP, Prencipe M, Feiler T, Emmerling F, Bacchi A. On the Mechanism of Cocrystal Mechanochemical Reaction via Low Melting Eutectic: A Time-Resolved In Situ Monitoring Investigation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4260-4267. [PMID: 35818385 PMCID: PMC9264353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry has become a sustainable and attractive cost-effective synthetic technique, largely used within the frame of crystal engineering. Cocrystals, namely, crystalline compounds made of different chemical entities within the same crystal structure, are typically synthesized in bulk via mechanochemistry; however, whereas the macroscopic aspects of grinding are becoming clear, the fundamental principles that underlie mechanochemical cocrystallization at the microscopic level remain poorly understood. Time-resolved in situ (TRIS) monitoring approaches have opened the door to exceptional detail regarding mechanochemical reactions. We here report a clear example of cocrystallization between two solid coformers that proceeds through the formation of a metastable low melting binary eutectic phase. The overall cocrystallization process has been monitored by time-resolved in situ (TRIS) synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction with a customized ball milling setup, currently available at μSpot beamline at BESSY-II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. The binary system and the low melting eutectic phase were further characterized via DSC, HSM, and VT-XRPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P. Mazzeo
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Email
| | - Michele Prencipe
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Torvid Feiler
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße
11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße
11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessia Bacchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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21
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Structural elucidation and cytotoxicity profile of neocuproine-Cu(II) and Cu(I)-based chemotherapeutic agents: Effect of picric acid-derived cocrystals. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Nano- and Crystal Engineering Approaches in the Development of Therapeutic Agents for Neoplastic Diseases. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is a global quandary that requires the administration of many different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with different characteristics. As is the case with many APIs, cancer treatments exhibit poor aqueous solubility which can lead to low drug absorption, increased doses, and subsequently poor bioavailability and the occurrence of more adverse events. Several strategies have been envisaged to overcome this drawback, specifically for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. These include crystal engineering, in which new crystal structures are formed to improve drug physicochemical properties, and/or nanoengineering in which the reduction in particle size of the pristine crystal results in much improved physicochemical properties. Co-crystals, which are supramolecular complexes that comprise of an API and a co-crystal former (CCF) held together by non-covalent interactions in crystal lattice, have been developed to improve the performance of some anti-cancer drugs. Similarly, nanosizing through the formation of nanocrystals and, in some cases, the use of both crystal and nanoengineering to obtain nano co-crystals (NCC) have been used to increase the solubility as well as overall performance of many anticancer drugs. The formulation process of both micron and sub-micron crystalline formulations for the treatment of cancers makes use of relatively simple techniques and minimal amounts of excipients aside from stabilizers and co-formers. The flexibility of these crystalline formulations with regards to routes of administration and ability to target neoplastic tissue makes them ideal strategies for effectiveness of cancer treatments. In this review, we describe the use of crystalline formulations for the treatment of various neoplastic diseases. In addition, this review attempts to highlight the gaps in the current translation of these potential treatments into authorized medicines for use in clinical practice.
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23
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Wengert S, Csányi G, Reuter K, Margraf JT. A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Structure Stability Prediction in Molecular Co-crystal Screenings. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4586-4593. [PMID: 35709378 PMCID: PMC9281391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Co-crystals are a
highly interesting material class as varying
their components and stoichiometry in principle allows tuning supramolecular
assemblies toward desired physical properties. The in silico prediction of co-crystal structures represents a daunting task,
however, as they span a vast search space and usually feature large
unit cells. This requires theoretical models that are accurate and
fast to evaluate, a combination that can in principle be accomplished
by modern machine-learned (ML) potentials trained on first-principles
data. Crucially, these ML potentials need to account for the description
of long-range interactions, which are essential for the stability
and structure of molecular crystals. In this contribution, we present
a strategy for developing Δ-ML potentials for co-crystals, which
use a physical baseline model to describe long-range interactions.
The applicability of this approach is demonstrated for co-crystals
of variable composition consisting of an active pharmaceutical ingredient
and various co-formers. We find that the Δ-ML approach offers
a strong and consistent improvement over the density functional tight
binding baseline. Importantly, this even holds true when extrapolating
beyond the scope of the training set, for instance in molecular dynamics
simulations under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wengert
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universitát München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Engineering Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Bolla G, Sarma B, Nangia AK. Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in the Discovery and Development of Improved Drugs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11514-11603. [PMID: 35642550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published in 1989, and the supramolecular synthon concept was proposed in 1995 followed by heterosynthons and their potential applications for the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals in 2004. This review traces the development of supramolecular synthons as robust and recurring hydrogen bond patterns for the design and construction of supramolecular architectures, notably, pharmaceutical cocrystals beginning in the early 2000s to the present time. The ability of a cocrystal between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer to systematically tune the physicochemical properties of a drug (i.e., solubility, permeability, hydration, color, compaction, tableting, bioavailability) without changing its molecular structure is the hallmark of the pharmaceutical cocrystals platform, as a bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. With the design of cocrystals via heterosynthons and prototype case studies to improve drug solubility in place (2000-2015), the period between 2015 to the present time has witnessed the launch of several salt-cocrystal drugs with improved efficacy and high bioavailability. This review on the design, synthesis, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals to afford improved drug products and drug substances will interest researchers in crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, process development, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. The scale-up of drug cocrystals and salts using continuous manufacturing technologies provides high-value pharmaceuticals with economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 43, Room 201, Sderot Ben-Gurion 1, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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25
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Synthesis and structural characterization of two novel olanzapine cocrystals with decreased or enhanced dissolution rate. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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dl-isoprenaline hydrochloride solubility in four binary solvents at saturation: Thermodynamic analysis, Hansen solubility parameters and molecular simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Tailoring Chlorthalidone Aqueous Solubility by Cocrystallization: Stability and Dissolution Behavior of a Novel Chlorthalidone-Caffeine Cocrystal. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020334. [PMID: 35214066 PMCID: PMC8876770 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cocrystal of the antihypertensive drug chlorthalidone (CTD) with caffeine (CAF) was obtained (CTD-CAF) by the slurry method, for which a 2:1 stoichiometric ratio was found by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Cocrystal CTD-CAF showed a supramolecular organization in which CAF molecules are embedded in channels of a 3D network of CTD molecules. The advantage of the cocrystal in comparison to CTD is reflected in a threefold solubility increase and in the dose/solubility ratios, which diminished from near-unit values for D0D to 0.29 for D0CC. Furthermore, dissolution experiments under non-sink conditions showed improved performance of CTD-CAF compared with pure CTD. Subsequent studies showed that CTD-CAF cocrystals transform to CTD form I where CTD precipitation inhibition could be achieved in the presence of pre-dissolved polymer HPMC 80–120 cPs, maintaining supersaturation drug concentrations for at least 180 min. Finally, dissolution experiments under sink conditions unveiled that the CTD-CAF cocrystal induced, in pH-independent manner, faster and more complete CTD dissolution when compared to commercial tablets of CTD. Due to the stability and dissolution behavior of the novel CTD-CAF cocrystal, it could be used to develop solid dosage forms using a lower CTD dose to obtain the same therapeutic response and fewer adverse effects.
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28
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Diniz LF, Carvalho PS, Gonçalves JE, Diniz R, Fernandes C. Solid-state landscape and biopharmaceutical implications of novel metformin-based salts. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new metformin salts were prepared, allowing the optimization of the drug's pharmaceutical profile and diversifying the API solid-state landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan F. Diniz
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Carvalho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - José E. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Diniz
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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29
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Bilal A, Mehmood A, Noureen S, Lecomte C, Ahmed M. Crystal engineering of a co-crystal of antipyrine and 2-chlorobenzoic acid: relative energetic contributions based on multipolar refinement. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growth and stability of a new 1 : 1 antipyrene–dichlorobenzoic acid cocrystal system has been analyzed in terms of electron density analysis and electrostatic interaction energy contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Bilal
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, 76129, USA
| | - Sajida Noureen
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Claude Lecomte
- Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Université de Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes BP70239, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, 54506, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP70239, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, 54506, France
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, 63100, Pakistan
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30
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Kumar S, Priyasha, Das D. Molecular tiltation and supramolecular interactions induced uniaxial NTE and biaxial PTE in bis-imidazole-based co-crystals. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uniaxial NTE and biaxial PTE has been observed in bis-imidazole-based co-crystals induced by molecular tiltation and supramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Priyasha
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Dinabandhu Das
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
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31
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Waterman KC, Waterman AK, Botoy TM, Li J, Qiu F, Hawley M. Stability screening of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:1130-1135. [PMID: 34751078 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2004607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for assessing both the chemical and physical stability of cocrystalline forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is proposed. In this protocol, the cocrystalline material is used to prepare two standard formulations, mimicking wet granulations, to make low-dose tablets. After designed stress testing at a range of temperatures and RH conditions, degradant formation is modeled from the data using ASAPprime® to determine if the tablets have a minimum of a one-year shelf-life (25 °C/60% RH open). When the cocrystals provide a kinetic solubility enhancement over the un-complexed API, a physical assessment of the cocrystal stability is carried out using the same tablets at selected stress conditions. For this assessment, kinetic solubility (where the amount of buffer used to dissolve the tablet is adjusted to completely dissolve the cocrystalline form but leave most of the un-complexed form out of solution) changes are used to indicate whether there is a significant risk for physical instability on long-term storage. This process was exemplified using model cocrystals of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jane Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Fenghe Qiu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Michael Hawley
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
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Kumar Bandaru R, Rout SR, Kenguva G, Gorain B, Alhakamy NA, Kesharwani P, Dandela R. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: From Bench to Market. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:780582. [PMID: 34858194 PMCID: PMC8632238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.780582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics profile of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the solid pharmaceutical dosage forms is largely dependent on the solid-state characteristics of the chemicals to understand the physicochemical properties by particle size, size distribution, surface area, solubility, stability, porosity, thermal properties, etc. The formation of salts, solvates, and polymorphs are the conventional strategies for altering the solid characteristics of pharmaceutical compounds, but they have their own limitations. Cocrystallization approach was established as an alternative method for tuning the solubility, permeability, and processability of APIs by introducing another compatible molecule/s into the crystal structure without affecting its therapeutic efficacy to successfully develop the formulation with the desired pharmacokinetic profile. In the present review, we have grossly focused on cocrystallization, particularly at different stages of development, from design to production. Furthermore, we have also discussed regulatory guidelines for pharmaceutical industries and challenges associated with the design, development and production of pharmaceutical cocrystals with commercially available cocrystal-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Bandaru
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gowtham Kenguva
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
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Guinet Y, Paccou L, Danède F, Hédoux A. Confinement of molecular materials using a solid-state loading method: a route for exploring new physical states and their subsequent transformation highlighted by caffeine confined to SBA-15 pores. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34564-34571. [PMID: 35494765 PMCID: PMC9042713 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05757j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the innovative solid-state loading (milling-assisted loading, MAL) method to confine caffeine to cylindrical pores (SBA-15, ∅ = 6 nm) gives the opportunity to explore the original physical states of caffeine and their subsequent transformation using low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and microcalorimetry investigations. It was shown that MAL makes possible the loading of the selected form in the polymorphism of caffeine. While form II has similar structural and dynamics properties in confined and bulk forms, the confined rotator phase (form I) exhibits clear differences with the bulk form inherent to its orientational disorder. Interestingly, the two confined forms of caffeine undergo an exothermic disordering transformation upon heating into a physical state at the border between a nanocrystallized orientationally disordered phase and an amorphous state, not existing in the bulk form. The melting of this new physical state was observed at 150 °C, i.e. 85 degrees below the melting temperature of the bulk form I, thus demonstrating the confinement of caffeine. It was also found that the liquid confined to pores of 6 nm mean diameter recrystallizes upon cooling, which can be explained by the very disordered nature of the recrystallized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Guinet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations F-59000 Lille France
| | - Laurent Paccou
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations F-59000 Lille France
| | - Florence Danède
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations F-59000 Lille France
| | - Alain Hédoux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations F-59000 Lille France
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34
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Fulas OA, Laferrière A, Coderre TJ. Novel Co-crystal of Pentoxifylline and Protocatechuic Acid Relieves Allodynia in Rat Models of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and CRPS by Alleviating Local Tissue Hypoxia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3855-3863. [PMID: 34610235 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Local tissue ischemic hypoxia is a peripheral process that can be targeted with topical treatment to alleviate pain under chronic pain conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and peripheral neuropathic pain. We recently reported three novel salts and a co-crystal composed of vasoactive agents and antioxidant nutraceuticals, all of which produced potent topical anti-allodynic effects in the chronic postischemic pain (CPIP) rat model of CRPS. One of the products, pentx-pca, is a co-crystal synthesized from pentoxifylline (pentx) and protocatechuic acid (pca). Pentx-pca exhibited potent topical anti-allodynic effects in CPIP and rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve exceeding effects produced individually by pentx and pca. We hypothesized that the anti-allodynic effects of pentx-pca in CPIP rats were due to its impact on local tissue oxygenation and subsequent oxygen-dependent mitochondrial respiration. Percutaneous tissue oxygen saturation (SaO2) measurements taken from the hind paw of the CPIP rats revealed that anti-allodynic doses of topical pentx-pca increased local tissue SaO2. Moreover, assessment of the oxygen-dependent mitochondrial function using a triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly declined in the plantar muscle collected from CPIP rats topically treated with anti-allodynic doses of pentx-pca as compared to vehicle-treated CPIP rats. Furthermore, time-dependent resolution of plantar muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, that occurred in the CPIP rats at 6-week post procedure, paralleled the loss of the anti-allodynic response to topical treatment with pentx-pca. Our results indicated that pentx-pca produced potent anti-allodynic effects in the CPIP rat model of CRPS by alleviating peripheral tissue ischemia/hypoxia and downstream hypoxia-driven mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oli Abate Fulas
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - André Laferrière
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence J. Coderre
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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35
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Bairagi KM, Ingle KS, Bhowal R, Mohurle SA, Hasija A, Alwassil OI, Venugopala KN, Chopra D, Nayak SK. Interplay of Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding through Co-Crystallization in Pharmacologically Active Dihydropyrimidines: Insights from Crystal Structure and Energy Framework. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1167-1176. [PMID: 34409757 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-assisted grinding method has been used to prepare co-crystals in substituted dihydropyrimidines (DHPM) that constitutes pharmacologically active compounds. These were characterized using FT-IR, PXRD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In order to explore the possibility of formation of halogen (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) synthons in the solid state, co-crystallization attempts of differently substituted DHPM molecules, containing nitro, hydoxy, and chloro substituents, with different co-formers, such as 1,4-diiodo tetrafluorobenzene (1,4 DITFB) and 3-nitrobenzoic acid (3 NBA) were performed. The XB co-crystals (C2aXB, C2bXB, and C2cXB) prefer the formation of C-I⋅⋅⋅O/C-I⋅⋅⋅S XB synthon, whereas the HB co-crystal (C2dHB) is stabilized by N-H⋅⋅⋅O H-bond formation. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that the percentage contribution of intermolecular interactions for XB co-crystals prefer equal contribution of XB synthon along with HB synthon. Furthermore, the interaction energy was analyzed using energy frameworks, which suggests that their stability, a combination of electrostatics and dispersion, is enhanced through XB/HB in comparison to the parent DHPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab M Bairagi
- Department of Chemistry, Institution Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur Address Nagpur, 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapil S Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, Institution Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur Address Nagpur, 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Bhowal
- Department of Chemistry, Institution Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Address Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462023, India
| | - Smital A Mohurle
- Department of Chemistry, Institution Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur Address Nagpur, 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avantika Hasija
- Department of Chemistry, Institution Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Address Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462023, India
| | - Osama I Alwassil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for health sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, Durban, 4001, South Africa.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Clinical Pharmacy King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Institution Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Address Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462023, India
| | - Susanta K Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Institution Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur Address Nagpur, 440010, Maharashtra, India
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Javadi N, Rezaeian M, Fakhraian H. The conglomerate crystal formation of methoxetamine salts in the presence of some organic achiral anions: a theoretical approach. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1961259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Javadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rezaeian
- Research Center for Modeling and Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Fakhraian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Bruni G, Maggi L, Monteforte F, Ferrara C, Capsoni D, Berbenni V, Milanese C, Girella A, Friuli V, Mustarelli P, Marini A. Zaltoprofen/4,4'-Bipyridine: A Case Study to Demonstrate the Potential of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in the Pharmaceutical Field. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3690-3701. [PMID: 34391761 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Zaltoprofen/4,4'-Bipyridine system gives rise to two co-crystals of different compositions both endowed - in water and in buffer solution at pH 4.5 - with considerably higher solubility and dissolution rate than the pure drug. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the DSC measurements, carried out on samples made up of mixtures prepared according to different methodologies, allows us to elaborate and propose an accurate thermodynamic model that fully takes into account the qualitative aspects of the complex experimental framework and which provides quantitative predictions (reaction enthalpies and compositions of the co-crystals) in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Co-crystal formation and cocrystal compositions were confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements as well as by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy measurements. The quantitative processing of DSC measurements rationalizes and deepens the scientific aspects underlying the so-called Tammann's triangle and constitutes a model of general validity. The work shows that DSC has enormous potential, which however can be fully exploited only by paying adequate attention to the experimental aspects and the quantitative processing of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bruni
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Lauretta Maggi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Monteforte
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrara
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Doretta Capsoni
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Berbenni
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Girella
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Friuli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Mustarelli
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Amedeo Marini
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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38
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Setyawan D, Adyaksa FR, Sari HL, Paramita DP, Sari R. Cocrystal formation of loratadine-succinic acid and its improved solubility. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:623-630. [PMID: 34214360 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loratadine belongs to Class II compound of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) due its low solubility and high membrane permeability. Cocrystal is a system of multicomponent crystalline that mostly employed to improve solubility. Succinic acid is one of common coformer in cocrystal modification. This research aims to investigate cocrystal formation between loratadine and succinic acid and its effect on solubility property of loratadine. METHODS Cocrystal of loratadine-succinic acid was prepared by solution method using methanol as the solvent. Cocrystal formation was identified under observation of polarization microscope and analysis of the binary phase diagram. The cocrystal phase was characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility study was conducted in phosphate-citrate buffer pH 7.0 ± 0.5 at 30 ± 0.5 °C. RESULTS Loratadine is known to form cocrystal with succinic acid in 1:1 M ratio. Cocrystal phase has lower melting point at 110.9 °C. Powder diffractograms exhibited new diffraction peaks at 2θ of 5.28, 10.09, 12.06, 15.74, 21.89, and 28.59° for cocrystal phase. IR spectra showed that there was a shift in C=O and O-H vibration, indicating intermolecular hydrogen bond between loratadine and succinic acid. SEM microphotographs showed different morphology for cocrystal phase. Loratadine solubility in cocrystal phase was increased up to 2-fold compared to loratadine alone. CONCLUSIONS Cocrystal of loratadine and succinic acid is formed by stoichiometry of 1:1 via C=O and H-O interaction. Cocrystal phase shows different physicochemical properties and responding to those properties, it shows improved loratadine solubility as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Setyawan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Firdaus Rendra Adyaksa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hanny Lystia Sari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diajeng Putri Paramita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Sari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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39
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Kendall T, Stratford S, Patterson AR, Lunt RA, Cruickshank D, Bonnaud T, Scott CD. An industrial perspective on co-crystals: Screening, identification and development of the less utilised solid form in drug discovery and development. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 60:345-442. [PMID: 34147205 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients are commonly marketed as a solid form due to ease of transport, storage and administration. In the design of a drug formulation, the selection of the solid form is incredibly important and is traditionally based on what polymorphs, hydrates or salts are available for that compound. Co-crystals, another potential solid form available, are currently not as readily considered as a viable solid form for the development process. Even though co-crystals are gaining an ever-increasing level of interest within the pharmaceutical community, their acceptance and application is still not as standard as other solid forms such as the ubiquitous pharmaceutical salt and stabilised amorphous formulations. Presented in this chapter is information that would allow for a co-crystal screen to be planned and conducted as well as scaled up using solution and mechanochemistry based methods commonly employed in both the literature and industry. Also presented are methods for identifying the formation of a co-crystal using a variety of analytical techniques as well as the importance of confirming the formation of co-crystals from a legal perspective and demonstrating the legal precedent by looking at co-crystalline products already on the market. The benefits of co-crystals have been well established, and presented in this chapter are a selection of examples which best exemplify their potential. The goal of this chapter is to increase the understanding of co-crystals and how they may be successfully exploited in early stage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kendall
- Technobis Crystallization Systems, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - Sam Stratford
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth A Lunt
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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40
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Diniz LF, Franco CHJ, Silva DF, Martins LS, Carvalho PS, Souza MAC, Reis NFA, Fernandes C, Diniz R. Multicomponent ionic crystals of diltiazem with dicarboxylic acids toward understanding the structural aspects driving the drug-release. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120790. [PMID: 34116180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diltiazem (DIL) is a calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drug commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Due to the high solubility and prompt dissolution of the commercial form hydrochloride (DIL-HCl) that is closely related to short elimination drug half-life, this API is known for exhibiting an unfitted pharmacokinetic profile. In an attempt to understand how engineered multicomponent ionic crystals of DIL with dicarboxylic acids can minimize these undesirable biopharmaceutical attributes, herein, we have focused on the development of less soluble and slower dissolving salt/cocrystal forms. By the traditional solvent evaporation method, two hydrated salts of DIL with succinic and oxalic acids (DIL-SUC-H2O and DIL-OXA-H2O), and one salt-cocrystal with fumaric acid (DIL-FUM-H2FUM) were successfully prepared. An in-depth crystallographic description of these new solid forms was conducted through single and powder X-ray diffraction (SCXRD, PXRD), Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis, energy framework (EF) calculations, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (TG, DSC, and HSM). Structurally, the inclusion of dicarboxylic acids in the crystal structures provided the formation of 2D-sheet assemblies, where ionic pairs (DIL+/anion-) are associated with each other via H-bonding. Consequently, a substantial lowering in both solubility (16.5-fold) and intrinsic dissolution rate (13.7-fold) of the API has been achieved compared to that of the hydrochloride salt. These findings demonstrate the enormous potential of these solid forms in preparing of novel modified-release pharmaceutical formulations of DIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan F Diniz
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Chris H J Franco
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICE), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900-Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniely F Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Martins
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Carvalho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Mateus A C Souza
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Naialy F A Reis
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Diniz
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Solares-Briones M, Coyote-Dotor G, Páez-Franco JC, Zermeño-Ortega MR, de la O Contreras CM, Canseco-González D, Avila-Sorrosa A, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Mechanochemistry: A Green Approach in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:790. [PMID: 34070646 PMCID: PMC8228148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is considered an alternative attractive greener approach to prepare diverse molecular compounds and has become an important synthetic tool in different fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and material science) since is considered an ecofriendly procedure that can be carried out under solvent free conditions or in the presence of minimal quantities of solvent (catalytic amounts). Being able to substitute, in many cases, classical solution reactions often requiring significant amounts of solvents. These sustainable methods have had an enormous impact on a great variety of chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic synthesis, metal complexes formation, preparation of multicomponent pharmaceutical solid forms, etc. In this sense, we are interested in highlighting the advantages of mechanochemical methods on the obtaining of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Hence, in this review, we describe and discuss the relevance of mechanochemical procedures in the formation of multicomponent solid forms focusing on pharmaceutical cocrystals. Additionally, at the end of this paper, we collect a chronological survey of the most representative scientific papers reporting the mechanochemical synthesis of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizraín Solares-Briones
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - José C. Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Miriam R. Zermeño-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Carmen Myriam de la O Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Daniel Canseco-González
- CONACYT-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Texcoco de Mora, C.P. 56230, Mexico;
| | - Alcives Avila-Sorrosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
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The Crystal Structure and Intermolecular Interactions in Fenamic Acids-Acridine Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102956. [PMID: 34065674 PMCID: PMC8156396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve pharmaceutical properties of drugs, complexes are synthesized as combinations with other chemical substances. The complexes of fenamic acid and its derivatives, such as mefenamic-, tolfenamic- and flufenamic acid, with acridine were obtained and the X-ray structures were discussed. Formation of the crystals is determined by the presence of the intermolecular O–H…N hydrogen bond that occur between fenamic acids and acridine. Intermolecular interactions stabilizing the crystals such as π…π stacking, C–H…X (X = O, Cl) intermolecular hydrogen bonds as well as C–H…π and other dispersive interactions were analyzed by theoretical methods: the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) approaches.
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Singh AP, Singh MP, Baruah JB. Changes in the proportions of an active pharmaceutical through cocrystals. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1144-1153. [PMID: 33792939 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the modulation of amounts sulfathiazolium cations in different 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylates is demonstrated. An uncommon monoionic sulfathiazolium zinc 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate (1:1 electrolyte) complex was characterized. Conventional sulfathiazolium zinc-bis-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate dianionic complexes (2:1 electrolyte) were formed when hydroxyaromatic compounds such as 1,3-dihydroxybenzene or 3-nitrophenol were used as guest components. Thus, with the aid of the hydroxyaromatic molecules the zinc-bis-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate complexes were stabilized with the relatively large sized sulfathiazolium cations. It was a consequence of domain expansion by the phenolic compounds. Sandwiched aromatic guests between the 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylates provided appropriate packing to accommodate the two large cations in the self-assemblies, which helped to modulate the amounts of sulfathiazole in different formulations. Antibacterial activities with E. coli DH5α have shown that the salt and the complexes have lower g/ml antibacterial activity than the parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Pratap Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Munendra Pal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Research and Development Center, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Jubaraj B Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Dias JL, Lanza M, Ferreira SR. Cocrystallization: A tool to modulate physicochemical and biological properties of food-relevant polyphenols. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ross SA, Hurt AP, Antonijevic M, Bouropoulos N, Ward A, Basford P, McAllister M, Douroumis D. Continuous Manufacture and Scale-Up of Theophylline-Nicotinamide Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:419. [PMID: 33804705 PMCID: PMC8004052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the manufacturing and scale-up of theophylline-nicotinamide (THL-NIC) pharmaceutical cocrystals processed by hot-melt extrusion (HME). The barrel temperature profile, feed rate and screw speed were found to be the critical processing parameters with a residence time of approximately 47 s for the scaled-up batches. Physicochemical characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction of bulk and extruded materials revealed the formation of high purity cocrystals (98.6%). The quality of THL-NIC remained unchanged under accelerated stability conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Ross
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrew P. Hurt
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Milan Antonijevic
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Nicolaos Bouropoulos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature, Chemical Processes, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Adam Ward
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Pat Basford
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, UK; (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mark McAllister
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, UK; (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.A.R.); (A.P.H.); (M.A.)
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Abstract
With an increasing interest in cocrystals due to various advantages, demand for large-scale cocrystallization techniques is rising. Solution cocrystallization is a solvent-based approach that utilizes several single-component crystallization concepts as well as equipment for generating cocrystals. Solution-based techniques can produce cocrystals with reasonable control on purity, size distribution, morphology, and polymorphic form. Many of them also offer a scalable solution for the industrial production of cocrystals. However, the complexity of the thermodynamic landscape and the kinetics of cocrystallization offers fresh challenges which are not encountered in single component crystallization. This review focuses on the recent developments in different solution cocrystallization techniques for the production of pharmaceutically relevant cocrystals. The review consists of two sections. The first section describes the various solution cocrystallization methods, highlighting their benefits and limitations. The second section emphasizes the challenges in developing these techniques to an industrial scale and identifies the major thrust areas where further research is required.
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Fatima K, Bukhari NI, Latif S, Afzal H, Hussain A, Shamim R, Abbas N. Amelioration of physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic properties of lornoxicam by cocrystallization with a novel coformer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:498-508. [PMID: 33646919 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1892744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to prepare and characterize new cocrystals of lornoxicam (LORX), a BCS class II drug employing 1,3-dimethyl urea (DMU) as a coformer to improve physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic performance. METHODS A screening study was conducted by employing three techniques viz. neat grinding, liquid-assisted grinding (LAG), and solvent evaporation (SE) using different drug-coformer molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). Samples were characterized by DSC, PXRD, ATR-FTIR, SEM, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) studies, compressional studies, and pharmacokinetic studies. In vitro dissolution and stability studies (25 °C/60%RH and 40 °C/75%RH for three months) were carried out for cocrystal tablets. RESULTS LAG and SE were found successful in ratio 1:3 and IDR showed approximately 28- and 19-fold increase, respectively in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and buffer (pH 7.4) as compared to pure LORX. The cocrystal exhibited good tabletability and was ∼2.5 times that of LORX at 6000 Psi. Dissolution profiles of tablets of cocrystal increased (56% and 100% at pH 1.2 and 7.4, respectively in contrast to those of physical mixture (PhyMix) (∼35% and ∼10%) and pure LORX (∼17% and ∼7%) within 60 min. The Cmax and AUC0-∞ for the selected cocrystal were significantly increased (p < 0.05) which was 2.4 and 2.5 times, respectively, that of LORX in a single dose oral pharmacokinetic study executed in rabbits. Tablets of cocrystal were found stable at both conditions. CONCLUSION The study indicates that cocrystallization with DMU can concomitantly improve tabletability, dissolution rate, and in vivo performance of dissolution limited drug LORX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Fatima
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Latif
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Afzal
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Shamim
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Afzal H, Abbas N, Hussain A, Latif S, Fatima K, Arshad MS, Bukhari NI. Physicomechanical, stability, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of aceclofenac dimethyl urea cocrystals. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:68. [PMID: 33564940 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor physicomechanical properties and limited aqueous solubility restrict the bioavailability of aceclofenac when given orally. To improve its above properties, aceclofenac (ACE) was cocrystallized with dimethyl urea (DMU) in 1:2 molar ratio by dry and solvent assisted grinding. The cocrystals were characterized by ATR-FTIR, DSC, and PXRD, and their surface morphology was studied by SEM. There was enhancement in intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) (~eight- and ~fivefold in cocrystals prepared by solvent assisted grinding (SAG) and solid state grinding (SSG), respectively, in 0.1 N HCl, pH 1.2) and similarly (~3.42-fold and ~1.20-fold in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) as compared to pure drug. Additionally, mechanical properties were assessed by tabletability curves. The tensile strength of ACE was < 1 MPa in contrast to the cocrystal tensile strength (3.5 MPa) which was ~1.98 times higher at 6000 psi. The tablet formulation of cocrystal by direct compression displayed enhanced dissolution profile (~36% in 0.1 N HCl, pH 1.2, and ~100% in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) in comparison to physical mixture (~ 30% and ~ 80%) and ACE (~18% and ~50%) after 60 min, respectively. Stability studies of cocrystal tablets for 3 months indicated a stable formulation. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed by using rabbit model. The AUC0-∞ (37.87±1.3 μgh/ml) and Cmax (6.94±2.94 μg/ml) of the selected cocrystal C1 prepared by SAG were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) and were ~3.43 and ~1.63-fold higher than that of ACE. In conclusion, new cocrystal of ACE-DMU was successfully prepared with improved tabletability, in vitro and in vivo properties.
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Ngilirabanga JB, Samsodien H. Pharmaceutical co‐crystal: An alternative strategy for enhanced physicochemical properties and drug synergy. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Halima Samsodien
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
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50
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Mashhadi SMA, Batsanov AS, Sajjad SA, Nazir Y, Bhatti MH, Yunus U. Isoniazid-Gentisic acid cocrystallization: Solubility, Stability, Dissolution rate, Antioxidant and Flowability Properties Studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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