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Giorgioni G, Bonifazi A, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Matteucci F, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Giannella M, Piergentili A, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Del Bello F. Advances in drug design and therapeutic potential of selective or multitarget 5-HT1A receptor ligands. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2640-2706. [PMID: 38808959 DOI: 10.1002/med.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) is a serotoninergic G-protein coupled receptor subtype which contributes to several physiological processes in both central nervous system and periphery. Despite being the first 5-HT-R identified, cloned and studied, it still represents a very attractive target in drug discovery and continues to be the focus of a myriad of drug discovery campaigns due to its involvement in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. The structure-activity relationship studies (SAR) performed over the last years have been devoted to three main goals: (i) design and synthesis of 5-HT1A-R selective/preferential ligands; (ii) identification of 5-HT1A-R biased agonists, differentiating pre- versus post-synaptic agonism and signaling cellular mechanisms; (iii) development of multitarget compounds endowed with well-defined poly-pharmacological profiles targeting 5-HT1A-R along with other serotonin receptors, serotonin transporter (SERT), D2-like receptors and/or enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase and phosphodiesterase, as a promising strategy for the management of complex psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, medicinal chemistry aspects of ligands acting as selective/preferential or multitarget 5-HT1A-R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last 7 years (2017-2023) have been discussed. The development of chemical and pharmacological 5-HT1A-R tools for molecular imaging have also been described. Finally, the pharmacological interest of 5-HT1A-R and the therapeutic potential of ligands targeting this receptor have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfabio Giorgioni
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Matteucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Giannella
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Piergentili
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Girotti M, Bulin SE, Carreno FR. Effects of chronic stress on cognitive function - From neurobiology to intervention. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 33:100670. [PMID: 39295772 PMCID: PMC11407068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress contributes considerably to the development of cognitive impairments in psychiatric disorders such as depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and addictive behavior. Unfortunately, unlike mood-related symptoms, cognitive impairments are not effectively treated by available therapies, a situation in part resulting from a still incomplete knowledge of the neurobiological substrates that underly cognitive domains and the difficulty in generating interventions that are both efficacious and safe. In this review, we will present an overview of the cognitive domains affected by stress with a specific focus on cognitive flexibility, behavioral inhibition, and working memory. We will then consider the effects of stress on neuronal correlates of cognitive function and the factors which may modulate the interaction of stress and cognition. Finally, we will discuss intervention strategies for treatment of stress-related disorders and gaps in knowledge with emerging new treatments under development. Understanding how cognitive impairment occurs during exposure to chronic stress is crucial to make progress towards the development of new and effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E. Bulin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Flavia R. Carreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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3
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Schneider E, Balasubramanian R, Ferri A, Cotter PD, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Fibre & fermented foods: differential effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39449646 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate brain function through the communication between the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain along the gut-brain axis has emerged as a potential option to improve cognitive and emotional health. Dietary composition and patterns have demonstrated a robust capacity to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis. With their potential to possess pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotic properties, dietary fibre and fermented foods stand out as potent shapers of the gut microbiota and subsequent signalling to the brain. Despite this potential, few studies have directly examined the mechanisms that might explain the beneficial action of dietary fibre and fermented foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, thus limiting insight and treatments for brain dysfunction. Herein, we evaluate the differential effects of dietary fibre and fermented foods from whole food sources on cognitive and emotional functioning. Potential mediating effects of dietary fibre and fermented foods on brain health via the microbiota-gut-brain axis are described. Although more multimodal research that combines psychological assessments and biological sampling to compare each food type is needed, the evidence accumulated to date suggests that dietary fibre, fermented foods, and/or their combination within a psychobiotic diet can be a cost-effective and convenient approach to improve cognitive and emotional functioning across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramya Balasubramanian
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aimone Ferri
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Pierce SR, Germann AL, Covey DF, Evers AS, Steinbach JH, Akk G. Inhibitory Actions of Potentiating Neuroactive Steroids in the Human α1β3γ2L γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 106:264-277. [PMID: 39214710 PMCID: PMC11493365 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.124.000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor is modulated by a number of neuroactive steroids. Sulfated steroids and 3β-hydroxy steroids inhibit, while 3α-hydroxy steroids typically potentiate the receptor. Here, we have investigated inhibition of the α1β3γ2L GABAA receptor by the endogenous neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (3α5βP) and the synthetic neuroactive steroid 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstane-17β-carbonitrile (ACN). The receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. All experiments were done using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology. In the presence of low concentrations of GABA, 3α5βP and ACN potentiate the GABAA receptor. To reveal inhibition, we conducted the experiments on receptors activated by the combination of a saturating concentration of GABA and propofol to fully activate the receptors and mask potentiation, or on mutant receptors in which potentiation is ablated. Under these conditions, both steroids inhibited the receptor with IC50s of ∼13 μM and maximal inhibitory effects of 70-90%. Receptor inhibition by 3α5βP was sensitive to substitution of the α1 transmembrane domain (TM) 2-2' residue, previously shown to ablate inhibition by pregnenolone sulfate. However, results of coapplication studies and the apparent lack of state dependence suggest that pregnenolone sulfate and 3α5βP inhibit the GABAA receptor independently and through distinct mechanisms. Mutations to the neurosteroid binding sites in the α1 and β3 subunits statistically significantly, albeit weakly and incompletely, reduced inhibition by 3α5βP and ACN. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The heteromeric GABAA receptor is inhibited by sulfated steroids and 3β-hydroxy steroids, while 3α-hydroxy steroids are considered to potentiate the receptor. We show here that 3α-hydroxy steroids have inhibitory effects on the α1β3γ2L receptor, which are observed in specific experimental settings and are expected to manifest under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Pierce
- Departments of Anesthesiology (S.R.P., A.L.G., D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Developmental Biology (D.F.C., A.S.E.), and the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research (D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Allison L Germann
- Departments of Anesthesiology (S.R.P., A.L.G., D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Developmental Biology (D.F.C., A.S.E.), and the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research (D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Departments of Anesthesiology (S.R.P., A.L.G., D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Developmental Biology (D.F.C., A.S.E.), and the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research (D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Alex S Evers
- Departments of Anesthesiology (S.R.P., A.L.G., D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Developmental Biology (D.F.C., A.S.E.), and the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research (D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Joe Henry Steinbach
- Departments of Anesthesiology (S.R.P., A.L.G., D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Developmental Biology (D.F.C., A.S.E.), and the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research (D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Gustav Akk
- Departments of Anesthesiology (S.R.P., A.L.G., D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Developmental Biology (D.F.C., A.S.E.), and the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research (D.F.C., A.S.E., J.H.S., G.A.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Gonda X, Tarazi FI, Dome P. The emergence of antidepressant drugs targeting GABA A receptors: A concise review. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:116481. [PMID: 39147329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Depression is among the most common psychiatric illnesses, which imposes a major socioeconomic burden on patients, caregivers, and the public health system. Treatment with classical antidepressants (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors), which primarily affect monoaminergic systems has several limitations, such as delayed onset of action and moderate efficacy in a relatively large proportion of depressed patients. Furthermore, depression is highly heterogeneus, and its different subtypes, including post-partum depression, involve distinct neurobiology, warranting a differential approach to pharmacotherapy. Given these shortcomings, the need for novel antidepressants that are superior in efficacy and faster in onset of action is fully justified. The development and market introduction of rapid-acting antidepressants has accelerated in recent years. Some of these new antidepressants act through the GABAergic system. In this review, we discuss the discovery, efficacy, and limitations of treatment with classic antidepressants. We provide a detailed discussion of GABAergic neurotransmission, with a special focus on GABAA receptors, and possible explanations for the mood-enhancing effects of GABAergic medications (in particular neurosteroids acting at GABAA receptors), and, ultimately, we present the most promising molecules belonging to this family which are currently used in clinical practice or are in late phases of clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Frank I Tarazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Nyiro Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictology, Budapest, Hungary
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Ge Y, Craig AM. Haploinsufficiency of GABA A Receptor-Associated Clptm1 Enhances Phasic and Tonic Inhibitory Neurotransmission, Suppresses Excitatory Synaptic Plasticity, and Impairs Memory. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0521242024. [PMID: 38942471 PMCID: PMC11308325 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0521-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms utilized by neurons to regulate the efficacy of phasic and tonic inhibition and their impacts on synaptic plasticity and behavior are incompletely understood. Cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 (Clptm1) is a membrane-spanning protein that interacts with multiple γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) subunits, trapping them in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi network. Overexpression and knock-down studies suggest that Clptm1 modulates GABAAR-mediated phasic inhibition and tonic inhibition as well as activity-induced inhibitory synaptic homeostasis in cultured hippocampal neurons. To investigate the role of Clptm1 in the modulation of GABAARs in vivo, we generated Clptm1 knock-out (KO) mice. Here, we show that genetic KO of Clptm1 elevated phasic and tonic inhibitory transmission in both male and female heterozygous mice. Although basal excitatory synaptic transmission was not affected, Clptm1 haploinsufficiency significantly blocked high-frequency stimulation-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA3→CA1 synapses. In the hippocampus-dependent contextual fear-conditioning behavior task, both male and female Clptm1 heterozygous KO mice exhibited impairment in contextual fear memory. In addition, LTP and contextual fear memory were rescued by application of L-655,708, a negative allosteric modulator of the extrasynaptic GABAAR α5 subunit. These results suggest that haploinsufficiency of Clptm1 contributes to cognitive deficits through altered synaptic transmission and plasticity by elevation of inhibitory neurotransmission, with tonic inhibition playing a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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Brenna CTA, Goldstein BI, Zarate CA, Orser BA. Repurposing General Anesthetic Drugs to Treat Depression: A New Frontier for Anesthesiologists in Neuropsychiatric Care. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:222-237. [PMID: 38856663 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
During the last 100 years, the role of anesthesiologists in psychiatry has focused primarily on facilitating electroconvulsive therapy and mitigating postoperative delirium and other perioperative neurocognitive disorders. The discovery of the rapid and sustained antidepressant properties of ketamine, and early results suggesting that other general anesthetic drugs (including nitrous oxide, propofol, and isoflurane) have antidepressant properties, has positioned anesthesiologists at a new frontier in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, shared interest in understanding the biologic underpinnings of anesthetic drugs as psychotropic agents is eroding traditional academic boundaries between anesthesiology and psychiatry. This article presents a brief overview of anesthetic drugs as novel antidepressants and identifies promising future candidates for the treatment of depression. The authors issue a call to action and outline strategies to foster collaborations between anesthesiologists and psychiatrists as they work toward the common goals of repurposing anesthetic drugs as antidepressants and addressing mood disorders in surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T A Brenna
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Perioperative Brain Health Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beverley A Orser
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Perioperative Brain Health Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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Namiot ED, Smirnovová D, Sokolov AV, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB. Depression clinical trials worldwide: a systematic analysis of the ICTRP and comparison with ClinicalTrials.gov. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:315. [PMID: 39085220 PMCID: PMC11291508 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), commonly known as depression, affects over 300 million people worldwide as of 2018 and presents a wide range of clinical symptoms. The international clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP) introduced by WHO includes aggregated data from ClinicalTrials.gov and 17 other national registers, making it the largest clinical trial platform. Here we analysed data in ICTRP with the aim of providing comprehensive insights into clinical trials on depression. Applying a novel hidden duplicate identification method, 10,606 depression trials were identified in ICTRP, with ANZCTR being the largest non- ClinicalTrials.gov database at 1031 trials, followed by IRCT with 576 trials, ISRCTN with 501 trials, CHiCTR with 489 trials, and EUCTR with 351 trials. The top four most studied drugs, ketamine, sertraline, duloxetine, and fluoxetine, were consistent in both groups, but ClinicalTrials.gov had more trials for each drug compared to the non-ClinicalTrials.gov group. Out of 9229 interventional trials, 663 unique agents were identified, including approved drugs (74.5%), investigational drugs (23.2%), withdrawn drugs (1.8%), nutraceuticals (0.3%), and illicit substances (0.2%). Both ClinicalTrials.gov and non-ClinicalTrials.gov databases revealed that the largest categories were antidepressive agents (1172 in ClinicalTrials.gov and 659 in non-ClinicalTrials.gov) and nutrients, amino acids, and chemical elements (250 in ClinicalTrials.gov and 659 in non-ClinicalTrials.gov), indicating a focus on alternative treatments involving dietary supplements and nutrients. Additionally, 26 investigational antidepressive agents targeting 16 different drug targets were identified, with buprenorphine (opioid agonist), saredutant (NK2 antagonist), and seltorexant (OX2 antagonist) being the most frequently studied. This analysis addresses 40 approved drugs for depression treatment including new drug classes like GABA modulators and NMDA antagonists that are offering new prospects for treating MDD, including drug-resistant depression and postpartum depression subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia D Namiot
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diana Smirnovová
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandr V Sokolov
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Advanced Molecular Technologies, Limited Liability Company (LLC), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Advanced Molecular Technologies, Limited Liability Company (LLC), Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Luscher B, Jiang T, Feng M, Hutsell A. Sex-specific GABAergic microcircuits that switch vulnerability into resilience to stress and reverse the effects of chronic stress exposure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4408723. [PMID: 39041032 PMCID: PMC11261964 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4408723/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have identified somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons as key elements that regulate the vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, disinhibition of SST neurons in mice results in resilience to the behavioral effects of chronic stress. Here we established a low-dose chronic chemogenetic protocol to map these changes in positively and negatively motivated behaviors to specific brain regions. AAV-hM3Dq mediated chronic activation of SST neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PLC) had antidepressant drug-like effects on anxiety- and anhedonia-related motivated behaviors in male but not female mice. Analogous manipulation of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) had such effects in female but not male mice. Moreover, activation of SST neurons in the PLC of male and the vHPC of female mice resulted in stress resilience. Activation of SST neurons in the PLC reversed prior chronic stress-induced defects in motivated behavior in males but was ineffective in females. Conversely, activation of SST neurons in the vHPC reversed chronic stress-induced behavioral alterations in females but not males. Quantitation of c-Fos+ and FosB+ neurons in chronic stress-exposed mice revealed that chronic activation of SST neurons leads to a paradoxical increase in pyramidal cell activity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GABAergic microcircuits driven by dendrite targeting interneurons enable sex- and brain-region-specific neural plasticity that promotes stress resilience and reverses stress-induced anxiety- and anhedonia-like motivated behavior. Our studies provide a mechanistic rationale for antidepressant efficacy of dendrite-targeting, low-potency GABAA receptor agonists, independent of sex and despite striking sex differences in the relevant brain substrates.
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Shao M, Botvinov J, Banerjee D, Girirajan S, Lüscher B. Transcriptome signatures of the medial prefrontal cortex underlying GABAergic control of resilience to chronic stress exposure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602959. [PMID: 39026878 PMCID: PMC11257543 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Analyses of postmortem human brains and preclinical studies of rodents have identified somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons as key elements that regulate the vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, genetically induced disinhibition of SST neurons or brain region-specific chemogenetic activation of SST neurons in mice results in stress resilience. Here, we used RNA sequencing of mice with disinhibited SST neurons to characterize the transcriptome changes underlying GABAergic control of stress resilience. We found that stress resilience of male but not female mice with disinhibited SST neurons is characterized by resilience to chronic stress-induced transcriptome changes in the medial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, the transcriptome of non-stressed stress-resilient male mice resembled the transcriptome of chronic stress-exposed stress-vulnerable mice. However, the behavior and the serum corticosterone levels of non-stressed stress-resilient mice showed no signs of physiological stress. Most strikingly, chronic stress exposure of stress-resilient mice was associated with an almost complete reversal of their chronic stress-like transcriptome signature, along with pathway changes indicating stress-induced enhancement of mRNA translation. Behaviorally, the mice with disinhibited SST neurons were not only resilient to chronic stress-induced anhedonia - they also showed an inversed anxiolytic-like response to chronic stress exposure that mirrored the chronic stress-induced reversal of the chronic stress-like transcriptome signature. We conclude that GABAergic dendritic inhibition by SST neurons exerts bidirectional control over behavioral vulnerability and resilience to chronic stress exposure that is mirrored in bidirectional changes in expression of putative stress resilience genes, through a sex-specific brain substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Shao
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Julia Botvinov
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Deepro Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Riebel M, Brunner LM, Nothdurfter C, Wein S, Schwarzbach J, Liere P, Schumacher M, Rupprecht R. Neurosteroids and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) ligands as novel treatment options in depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01843-7. [PMID: 38976049 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system has come into focus for the treatment of anxiety, postpartum depression, and major depressive disorder. Endogenous 3α-reduced steroids such as allopregnanolone are potent positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors and have been known for decades. Current industry developments and first approvals by the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of postpartum depression with exogenous analogues of these steroids represent a major step forward in the field. 3α-reduced steroids target both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, unlike benzodiazepines, which bind to synaptic receptors. The first FDA-approved 3α-reduced steroid for postpartum depression is brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone. It has been shown to provide rapid relief of depressive symptoms. An orally available 3α-reduced steroid is zuranolone, which also received FDA approval in 2023 for the treatment of postpartum depression. Although a number of studies have been conducted, the efficacy data were not sufficient to achieve approval of zuranolone in major depressive disorder by the FDA in 2023. The most prominent side effects of these 3α-reduced steroids are somnolence, dizziness and headache. In addition to the issue of efficacy, it should be noted that current data limit the use of these compounds to two weeks. An alternative to exogenous 3α-reduced steroids may be the use of substances that induce endogenous neurosteroidogenesis, such as the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) ligand etifoxine. TSPO has been extensively studied for its role in steroidogenesis, in addition to other functions such as anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative properties. Currently, etifoxine is the only clinically available TSPO ligand in France for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Studies are underway to evaluate its antidepressant potential. Hopefully, neurosteroid research will lead to the development of fast-acting antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Riebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa-Marie Brunner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Wein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schwarzbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276, France
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276, France
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Hadler MD, Alle H, Geiger JRP. Parvalbumin interneuron cell-to-network plasticity: mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:586-601. [PMID: 38763836 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) represent two major neuropathological conditions with a high disease burden. Despite their distinct etiologies, patients suffering from AD or SCZ share a common burden of disrupted memory functions unattended by current therapies. Recent preclinical analyses highlight cell-type-specific contributions of parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs), particularly the plasticity of their cellular excitability, towards intact neuronal network function (cell-to-network plasticity) and memory performance. Here we argue that deficits of PVI cell-to-network plasticity may underlie memory deficits in AD and SCZ, and we explore two therapeutic avenues: the targeting of PVI-specific neuromodulation, including by neuropeptides, and the recruitment of network synchrony in the gamma frequency range (40 Hz) by external stimulation. We finally propose that these approaches be merged under consideration of recent insights into human brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hadler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Henrik Alle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R P Geiger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Li D, Li X, Li J, Liu J, Luo R, Li Y, Wang D, Zhou D, Zhang XY. Neurophysiological markers of disease severity and cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: A TMS-EEG study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100495. [PMID: 39282218 PMCID: PMC11402404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a powerful technique to study the neuropathology and biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study investigated cortical activity and its relationship with clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in MDD patients by indexing TMS-EEG biomarkers in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Methods 133 patients with MDD and 76 healthy individuals participated in this study. Single-pulse TMS was performed on the left DLPFC to obtain TMS-evoked potential (TEP) indices. TMS-EEG waveforms and components were determined by global mean field amplitude. We used the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to measure participants' cognitive function. Results Patients with MDD had a lower excitatory P180 index compared to healthy controls, and P180 amplitude was negatively correlated with the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with MDD. In the MDD group, P30 amplitude was negatively associated with RBANS Visuospatial/ Constructional index and total score. Conclusions TMS-EEG findings suggest that abnormal cortical excitation and inhibition induced by TMS on the DLPFC are associated with the severity of clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in patients with MDD. P180 and P30 have the potential to serve as neurophysiological biomarkers of clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in MDD patients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of psychiatry, Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junyao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichenxi Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of psychiatry, Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Baek JS, Lee DY, Han SW, Kim DH. A probiotic NVP1704 alleviates stress-induced sleeplessness/depression-like symptoms in mice by upregulating serotonergic and GABAergic systems and downregulating NF-κB activation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae065. [PMID: 38977897 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Sleeplessness (insomnia) is a potential symptom of depression. A probiotic NVP1704 alleviates depression-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice. Therefore, to understand whether NVP1704 could be effective against sleeplessness in vivo, we exposed immobilization stress (IS) in mice, then orally administered NVP1704 for 5 days, and assayed depression/anxiety-like behavior in the open field, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension tests, sleeping latency time, and sleep duration, euthanized then by exposure to CO2, and analyzed their related biomarkers. Oral administration of NVP1704 decreased IS-induced depression/anxiety-like behavior and sleeping latency time and increased IS-suppressed sleeping duration. NVP1704 increased IS-suppressed expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GABAA receptor α1 (GABAARα1) and α2 subunits (GABAARα2), serotonin, 5-HT receptors (5-HT1AR and 5-HT1BR), and melatonin receptors (MT1R and MT2R) in the prefrontal cortex and thalamus. NVP1704 also increased the IS-suppressed GABAARα1-positive cell population in the prefrontal cortex and decreased IS-induced corticosterone, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and the NF-κB+Iba1+ cell population in the brain and myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and the NF-κB+CD11c+ cell population in the colon. Based on these findings, NVP1704 may alleviate depression/anxiety/sleeplessness-like behaviors through the upregulation of serotonergic and GABAergic systems and downregulation of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Baek
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Lee
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Han
- PB Department, NVP Healthcare, Inc., Suwon 16209, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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15
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Daher F, Villalobos NA, Hanley M, Atack JR, Popa MO, Fogaça MV. Basmisanil, an α5-GABA AR negative allosteric modulator, produces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like responses in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 833:137828. [PMID: 38772437 PMCID: PMC11146097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
There is a critical need for safer and better-tolerated alternatives to address the current limitations of antidepressant treatments for major depressive disorder. Recently, drugs targeting the GABA system via α5-containing GABAA receptors (α5-GABAAR) as negative allosteric modulators (α5-NAMs) have shown promise in alleviating stress-related behaviors in preclinical studies, suggesting that α5-NAMs may have translational relevance as novel antidepressant medications. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of Basmisanil, an α5-NAM that has been evaluated in Phase 2 clinical studies as a cognitive enhancer, in a battery of behavioral tests relevant to coping strategies, motivation, and aversion in male mice, along with plasma and brain pharmacokinetic measurements. Our findings reveal that Basmisanil induces dose-dependent rapid antidepressant-like responses in the forced swim test and sucrose splash test without promoting locomotor stimulating effects. Furthermore, Basmisanil elicits sustained behavioral responses in the female urine sniffing test and sucrose splash test, observed 24 h and 48 h post-treatment, respectively. Bioanalysis of plasma and brain samples confirms effective blood-brain barrier penetration by Basmisanil and extrapolation to previously published data suggest that effects were observed at doses (10 and 30 mg/kg i.p.) corresponding to relatively modest levels of α5-GABAAR occupancy (40-65 %). These results suggest that Basmisanil exhibits a combination of rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects highlighting the potential of α5-NAMs as a novel therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Daher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Narcy A Villalobos
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Hanley
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - John R Atack
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana O Popa
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Manoela V Fogaça
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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16
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Mitchell SJ, Phillips GD, Tench B, Li Y, Belelli D, Martin SJ, Swinny JD, Kelly L, Atack JR, Paradowski M, Lambert JJ. Neurosteroid Modulation of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABA A Receptors of the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens. Biomolecules 2024; 14:460. [PMID: 38672476 PMCID: PMC11048561 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of formulations of the endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone (brexanolone) and the synthetic neuroactive steroid SAGE-217 (zuranolone) to treat postpartum depression (PPD) has encouraged further research to elucidate why these potent enhancers of GABAAR function are clinically effective in this condition. Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens are associated with reward/motivation and brain imaging studies report that individuals with PPD show reduced activity of this pathway in response to reward and infant engagement. However, the influence of neurosteroids on GABA-ergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens has received limited attention. Here, we investigate, in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the mouse nucleus accumbens core, the effect of allopregnanolone, SAGE-217 and other endogenous and synthetic steroids of interest on fast phasic and tonic inhibition mediated by synaptic (α1/2βγ2) and extrasynaptic (α4βδ) GABAARs, respectively. We present evidence suggesting the resident tonic current results from the spontaneous opening of δ-GABAARs, where the steroid-enhanced tonic current is GABA-dependent. Furthermore, we demonstrate local neurosteroid synthesis in the accumbal slice preparation and reveal that GABA-ergic neurotransmission of MSNs is influenced by an endogenous neurosteroid tone. Given the dramatic fluctuations in allopregnanolone levels during pregnancy and postpartum, this neurosteroid-mediated local fine-tuning of GABAergic transmission in the MSNs will probably be perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Mitchell
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Grant D. Phillips
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Becks Tench
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Yunkai Li
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Stephen J. Martin
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Jerome D. Swinny
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Building, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; (J.D.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Louise Kelly
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Building, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; (J.D.S.); (L.K.)
| | - John R. Atack
- Main Building, Medicines Discovery Institute, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK; (J.R.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Michael Paradowski
- Main Building, Medicines Discovery Institute, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK; (J.R.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Jeremy J. Lambert
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
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17
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Zadegan SA, Ramirez F, Reddy KS, Sahin O, Rocha NP, Teixeira AL, Furr Stimming E. Treatment of Depression in Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 36:283-299. [PMID: 38528808 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among individuals with Huntington's disease (HD). Depression in HD and major depressive disorder appear to have different pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite the unique pathophysiology, the treatment of depression in HD is based on data from the treatment of major depressive disorder in the general population. The objective of this systematic review was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Studies on the treatment of depression in HD were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo. The initial search yielded 2,771 records, 41 of which were ultimately included. There were 19 case reports, seven case series, three cross-sectional studies, one qualitative study, nine nonrandomized studies, and two randomized trials among the included studies. The most common assessment tools were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (N=8), the Beck Depression Inventory (N=6), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (N=6). Only 59% of the included studies assessed depressive symptoms with a scoring system. The pharmacological options for the treatment of depression included antidepressants and antipsychotics. Nonpharmacological approaches were multidisciplinary rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and neurostimulation. Limited evidence on the treatment of depression in HD was available, and this literature consisted mainly of case reports and case series. This systematic review highlights the knowledge gap and the pressing need for HD-specific research to determine the efficacy of treatment approaches for depression in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Abdollah Zadegan
- Department of Neurology (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Furr Stimming) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Teixeira), McGovern Medical School (Reddy, Sahin), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Huntington's Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Teixeira, Furr Stimming)
| | - Frank Ramirez
- Department of Neurology (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Furr Stimming) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Teixeira), McGovern Medical School (Reddy, Sahin), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Huntington's Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Teixeira, Furr Stimming)
| | - Kirthan S Reddy
- Department of Neurology (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Furr Stimming) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Teixeira), McGovern Medical School (Reddy, Sahin), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Huntington's Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Teixeira, Furr Stimming)
| | - Onur Sahin
- Department of Neurology (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Furr Stimming) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Teixeira), McGovern Medical School (Reddy, Sahin), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Huntington's Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Teixeira, Furr Stimming)
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Department of Neurology (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Furr Stimming) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Teixeira), McGovern Medical School (Reddy, Sahin), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Huntington's Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Teixeira, Furr Stimming)
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Neurology (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Furr Stimming) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Teixeira), McGovern Medical School (Reddy, Sahin), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Huntington's Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Teixeira, Furr Stimming)
| | - Erin Furr Stimming
- Department of Neurology (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Furr Stimming) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Teixeira), McGovern Medical School (Reddy, Sahin), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Huntington's Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Zadegan, Ramirez, Rocha, Teixeira, Furr Stimming)
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18
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Midya V, Nagdeo K, Lane JM, Torres-Olascoaga LA, Torres-Calapiz M, Gennings C, Horton MK, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Arora M, Eggers S. Prenatal metal exposures and childhood gut microbial signatures are associated with depression score in late childhood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170361. [PMID: 38278245 PMCID: PMC10922719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood depression is a major public health issue worldwide. Previous studies have linked both prenatal metal exposures and the gut microbiome to depression in children. However, few, if any, have studied their interacting effect in specific subgroups of children. OBJECTIVES Using an interpretable machine-learning method, this study investigates whether children with specific combinations of prenatal metals and childhood microbial signatures (cliques or groups of metals and microbes) were more likely to have higher depression scores at 9-11 years of age. METHODS We leveraged data from a well-characterized pediatric longitudinal birth cohort in Mexico City and its microbiome substudy (n = 112). Eleven metal exposures were measured in maternal whole blood samples in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The gut microbial abundances were measured at 9-11-year-olds using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Child Depression Index (CDI) t-scores at 9-11 years of age. We used Microbial and Chemical Exposure Analysis (MiCxA), which combines interpretable machine-learning into a regression framework to identify and estimate joint associations of metal-microbial cliques in specific subgroups. Analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS We identified a subgroup of children (11.6 % of the sample) characterized by a four-component metal-microbial clique that had a significantly high depression score (15.4 % higher than the rest) in late childhood. This metal-microbial clique consisted of high Zinc in the second trimester, low Cobalt in the third trimester, a high abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, a high abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. All combinations of cliques (two-, three-, and four-components) were significantly associated with increased log-transformed t-scored CDI (β = 0.14, 95%CI = [0.05,0.23], P < 0.01 for the four-component clique). SIGNIFICANCE This study offers a new approach to chemical-microbial analysis and a novel demonstration that children with specific gut microbiome cliques and metal exposures during pregnancy may have a higher likelihood of elevated depression scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kiran Nagdeo
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamil M Lane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Libni A Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mariana Torres-Calapiz
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shoshannah Eggers
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
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19
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Chang WH, Hsu HT, Lin CC, An LM, Lee CH, Ko HH, Lin CL, Lo YC. Linalool, a Fragrance Compound in Plants, Protects Dopaminergic Neurons and Improves Motor Function and Skeletal Muscle Strength in Experimental Models of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2514. [PMID: 38473763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), resulting in reduced dopamine levels in the striatum and eventual onset of motor symptoms. Linalool (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol) is a monoterpene in aromatic plants exhibiting antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective impacts of linalool on dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, primary mesencephalic and cortical neurons treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), as well as in PD-like mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Cell viability, α-tubulin staining, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and behavioral experiments were performed. In MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, linalool increased cell viability, reduced neurite retraction, enhanced antioxidant defense by downregulation of apoptosis signaling (B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)) and phagocyte NADPH oxidase (gp91phox), as well as upregulation of neurotrophic signaling (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF)) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. In MPP+-treated primary mesencephalic neurons, linalool enhanced the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Sirtuin 1 (SirT1), and parkin. In MPP+-treated primary cortical neurons, linalool upregulated protein expression of SirT1, γ-Aminobutyric acid type A-α1 (GABAA-α1), and γ-Aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB). In PD-like mice, linalool attenuated the loss of dopamine neurons in SNpc. Linalool improved the motor and nonmotor behavioral deficits and muscle strength of PD-like mice. These findings suggest that linalool potentially protects dopaminergic neurons and improves the impairment symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Hsu
- Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Mei An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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20
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Takasu K, Yawata Y, Tashima R, Aritomi H, Shimada S, Onodera T, Taishi T, Ogawa K. Distinct mechanisms of allopregnanolone and diazepam underlie neuronal oscillations and differential antidepressant effect. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1274459. [PMID: 38259500 PMCID: PMC10800935 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1274459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid relief of depressive symptoms is a major medical requirement for effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). A decrease in neuroactive steroids contributes to the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the neurological symptoms of MDD. Zuranolone (SAGE-217), a neuroactive steroid that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of synaptic and extrasynaptic δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors, has shown rapid-onset, clinically effective antidepressant action in patients with MDD or postpartum depression (PPD). Benzodiazepines, on the other hand, act as positive allosteric modulators of synaptic GABAA receptors but are not approved for the treatment of patients with MDD. It remains unclear how differences in molecular mechanisms contribute to the alleviation of depressive symptoms and the regulation of associated neuronal activity. Focusing on the antidepressant-like effects and neuronal activity of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), we conducted a head-to-head comparison study of the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone and the benzodiazepine diazepam using a mouse social defeat stress (SDS) model. Allopregnanolone but not diazepam exhibited antidepressant-like effects in a social interaction test in SDS mice. This antidepressant-like effect of allopregnanolone was abolished in extrasynaptic GABAA receptor δ-subunit knockout mice (δko mice) subjected to the same SDS protocol. Regarding the neurophysiological mechanism associated with these antidepressant-like effects, allopregnanolone but not diazepam increased theta oscillation in the BLA of SDS mice. This increase did not occur in δko mice. Consistent with this, allopregnanolone potentiated tonic inhibition in BLA interneurons via δ-subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Theta oscillation in the mPFC of SDS mice was also increased by allopregnanolone but not by diazepam. Finally, allopregnanolone but not diazepam increased frontal theta activity in electroencephalography recordings in naïve and SDS mice. Neuronal network alterations associated with MDD showed decreased frontal theta and beta activity in depressed SDS mice. These results demonstrated that, unlike benzodiazepines, neuroactive steroids increased theta oscillation in the BLA and mPFC through the activation of δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors, and this change was associated with antidepressant-like effects in the SDS model. Our findings support the notion that the distinctive mechanism of neuroactive steroids may contribute to the rapid antidepressant effects in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takasu
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yawata
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tashima
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tsukasa Onodera
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Taishi
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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21
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Ma X, Shin JW, Cho JH, Han SW, Kim DH. IL-6 expression-suppressing Lactobacillus reuteri strains alleviate gut microbiota-induced anxiety and depression in mice. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovad144. [PMID: 38126116 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation from patients with depression/inflammatory bowel disease (PDI) causes depression with gut inflammation in mice. Here, we investigated the effects of six Lactobacillus reuteri strains on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), serotonin, and interleukin (IL)-6 expression in neuronal or macrophage cells and PDI fecal microbiota-cultured microbiota (PcM)-induced depression in mice. Of these strains, L6 most potently increased BDNF and serotonin levels in corticosterone-stimulated SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells, followed by L3. L6 most potently decreased IL-6 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. When L1 (weakest in vitro), L3, and L6 were orally administered in mice with PcM-induced depression, L6 most potently suppressed depression-like behaviors and hippocampal TNF-α and IL-6 expression and increased hippocampal serotonin, BDNF, 5HT7, GABAARα1, and GABABR1b expression, followed by L3 and L1. L6 also suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the colon. BDNF or serotonin levels in corticosterone-stimulated neuronal cells were negatively correlated with depression-related biomarkers in PcM-transplanted mice, while IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated macrophage were positively correlated. These findings suggest that IL-6 expression-suppressing and BDNF/serotonin expression-inducing LBPs in vitro, particularly L6, may alleviate gut microbiota-involved depression with colitis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Cho
- PB Department, NVP Healthcare, Inc., Suwon 16209, South Korea
| | - Seung-Won Han
- PB Department, NVP Healthcare, Inc., Suwon 16209, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
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22
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Cano ACSS, Santos D, Beltrão-Braga PCB. The Interplay of Astrocytes and Neurons in Autism Spectrum Disorder. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 39:269-284. [PMID: 39190079 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-64839-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by an impairment in social interaction, involving communication deficits and specific patterns of behaviors, like repetitive behaviors. ASD is clinically diagnosed and usually takes time, typically occurring not before four years of age. Genetic mutations affecting synaptic transmission, such as neuroligin and neurexin, are associated with ASD and contribute to behavioral and cognitive deficits. Recent research highlights the role of astrocytes, the brain's most abundant glial cells, in ASD pathology. Aberrant Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes is linked to behavioral deficits and neuroinflammation. Notably, the cytokine IL-6 overexpression by astrocytes impacts synaptogenesis. Altered neurotransmitter levels, disruptions in the blood-brain barrier, and cytokine dysregulation further contribute to ASD complexity. Understanding these astrocyte-related mechanisms holds promise for identifying ASD subtypes and developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C S S Cano
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Santos
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia C B Beltrão-Braga
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Institut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Tsugiyama LE, Moraes RCM, Moraes YAC, Francis-Oliveira J. Promising new pharmacological targets for depression: The search for efficacy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103804. [PMID: 37865307 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) still relies on the use of serotonergic drugs, despite their limited efficacy. A few mechanistically new drugs have been developed in recent years, but many fail in clinical trials. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain MDD pathophysiology, indicating that physiological processes such as neuroplasticity, circadian rhythms, and metabolism are potential targets. Here, we review the current state of pharmacological treatments for MDD, as well as the preclinical and clinical evidence for an antidepressant effect of molecules that target non-serotonergic systems. We offer some insights into the challenges facing the development of new antidepressant drugs, and the prospect of finding more effectiveness for each target discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Emiko Tsugiyama
- Kansai Medical University, Graduate School of Medicine, iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ruan Carlos Macedo Moraes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Human Physiology, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Francis-Oliveira
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Human Physiology, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Qian X, Zhao X, Yu L, Yin Y, Zhang XD, Wang L, Li JX, Zhu Q, Luo JL. Current status of GABA receptor subtypes in analgesia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115800. [PMID: 37935070 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein-producing amino acid synthesized from the excitatory amino acid glutamate via the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, is extensively found in microorganisms, plants and vertebrates, and is abundantly expressed in the spinal cord and brain. It is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. GABA plays crucial roles in the regulation of synaptic transmission, the promotion of neuronal development and relaxation, and the prevention of insomnia and depression. As the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA plays pivotal roles in the regulation of pain sensation, which is initiated by the activation of peripheral nociceptors and transmitted to the spinal cord and brain along nerves. GABA exerts these roles by directly acting on three types of receptors: ionotropic GABAA and GABAC receptors and G protein-coupled GABAB receptor. The chloride-permeable ion channel receptors GABAA and GABAC mediate fast neurotransmission, while the metabotropic GABAB receptor mediates slow effect. Different GABA receptors regulate pain sensation via different signaling pathways. Here we highlight recent updates on the involvement of specific GABA receptors and their subtypes in the process of pain sensation. Further understanding of different GABA receptors and signaling pathways in pain sensation will benefit the development of novel analgesics for pain management by targeting specific GABA receptor subtypes and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunjia Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujian Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jia-Lie Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Czechowska E, Stachowicz K, Sowa-Kućma M. The Importance of α-Klotho in Depression and Cognitive Impairment and Its Connection to Glutamate Neurotransmission-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15268. [PMID: 37894946 PMCID: PMC10607524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious neuropsychiatric disease affecting an increasing number of people worldwide. Cognitive deficits (including inattention, poor memory, and decision-making difficulties) are common in the clinical picture of depression. Cognitive impairment has been hypothesized to be one of the most important components of major depressive disorder (MDD; referred to as clinical depression), although typical cognitive symptoms are less frequent in people with depression than in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD; sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder). The importance of α-Klotho in the aging process has been well-documented. Growing evidence points to the role of α-Klotho in regulating other biological functions, including responses to oxidative stress and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. It has been proven that a Klotho deficit may contribute to the development of various nervous system pathologies, such as behavioral disorders or neurodegeneration. Given the growing evidence of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment, it is assumed that this protein may be a molecular link between them. Here, we provide a research review of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we propose potential mechanisms (related to oxidative stress and glutamatergic transmission) that may be important in α-Klotho-mediated regulation of mental and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ewelina Czechowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna Street 1A, 35-595 Rzeszow, Poland
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