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Miller IC, Zamat A, Sun LK, Phuengkham H, Harris AM, Gamboa L, Yang J, Murad JP, Priceman SJ, Kwong GA. Enhanced intratumoural activity of CAR T cells engineered to produce immunomodulators under photothermal control. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1348-1359. [PMID: 34385695 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treating solid malignancies with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells typically results in poor responses. Immunomodulatory biologics delivered systemically can augment the cells' activity, but off-target toxicity narrows the therapeutic window. Here we show that the activity of intratumoural CAR T cells can be controlled photothermally via synthetic gene switches that trigger the expression of transgenes in response to mild temperature elevations (to 40-42 °C). In vitro, heating engineered primary human T cells for 15-30 min led to over 60-fold-higher expression of a reporter transgene without affecting the cells' proliferation, migration and cytotoxicity. In mice, CAR T cells photothermally heated via gold nanorods produced a transgene only within the tumours. In mouse models of adoptive transfer, the systemic delivery of CAR T cells followed by intratumoural production, under photothermal control, of an interleukin-15 superagonist or a bispecific T cell engager bearing an NKG2D receptor redirecting T cells against NKG2D ligands enhanced antitumour activity and mitigated antigen escape. Localized photothermal control of the activity of engineered T cells may enhance their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Miller
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali Zamat
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee-Kai Sun
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hathaichanok Phuengkham
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrian M Harris
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lena Gamboa
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John P Murad
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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2
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Sun YJ, Cao QJ, Xu MY, Yang L, Wu YJ. Individual and combined hepatocytotoxicity of DDT and cadmium in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:270-279. [PMID: 33856234 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211007361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd) are widespread environmental pollutants. They are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in organisms. Although the individual toxicity of DDT and Cd has been well documented, their combined toxicity is still not clear. Since liver is their common target, in this study, the individual and combined toxicity of DDT and Cd in human liver carcinoma HepG2 and human normal liver THLE-3 cell lines were investigated. The results showed that DDT and Cd inhibited the viability of HepG2 and THLE-3 cells dose-dependently and altered lysosomal morphology and function. Intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels were induced by DDT and Cd treatment. The combined cytotoxicity of DDT and Cd was greater than their individual cytotoxicity, and the interaction between Cd and DDT was additive on the inhibition of cell viability and lysosomal function of HepG2 cells. The interaction was antagonistic on the inhibition of cell viability of THLE-3 cells. These results may facilitate the evaluation of the cumulative risk of pesticides and heavy metal residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Juan Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Banik S, Rahman MM, Sikder MT, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Protective effects of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) extract against cadmium-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Transforming early pharmaceutical assessment of genotoxicity: applying statistical learning to a high throughput, multi end point in vitro micronucleus assay. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2535. [PMID: 33510380 PMCID: PMC7844000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a comprehensive analysis of small molecule genotoxic potential we have developed and validated an automated, high-content, high throughput, image-based in vitro Micronucleus (IVM) assay. This assay simultaneously assesses micronuclei and multiple additional cellular markers associated with genotoxicity. Acoustic dosing (≤ 2 mg) of compound is followed by a 24-h treatment and a 24-h recovery period. Confocal images are captured [Cell Voyager CV7000 (Yokogawa, Japan)] and analysed using Columbus software (PerkinElmer). As standard the assay detects micronuclei (MN), cytotoxicity and cell-cycle profiles from Hoechst phenotypes. Mode of action information is primarily determined by kinetochore labelling in MN (aneugencity) and γH2AX foci analysis (a marker of DNA damage). Applying computational approaches and implementing machine learning models alongside Bayesian classifiers allows the identification of, with 95% accuracy, the aneugenic, clastogenic and negative compounds within the data set (Matthews correlation coefficient: 0.9), reducing analysis time by 80% whilst concurrently minimising human bias. Combining high throughput screening, multiparametric image analysis and machine learning approaches has provided the opportunity to revolutionise early Genetic Toxicology assessment within AstraZeneca. By multiplexing assay endpoints and minimising data generation and analysis time this assay enables complex genotoxicity safety assessments to be made sooner aiding the development of safer drug candidates.
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Lefojane RP, Sone BT, Matinise N, Saleh K, Direko P, Mfengwana P, Mashele S, Maaza M, Sekhoacha MP. CdO/CdCO 3 nanocomposite physical properties and cytotoxicity against selected breast cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2021; 11:30. [PMID: 33420103 PMCID: PMC7794331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium Oxide nanoparticles have the lowest toxicity when compared to nanoparticles of other semiconductors and they are not detrimental to human and mammalian cells, thereby making them candidates for targeting cancer cells. Synadenium cupulare plant extracts were used to synthesize CdO/CdCO3 nanocomposite using cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate 98% as a precursor salt. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles were then screened for effect on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231) and Vero cell line to determine their growth inhibition effect. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. XRD showed the peaks of monteponite CdO and otavite CdCO3 nanoparticles. TEM results showed irregular and spherical particles of varying sizes, whilst SEM revealed a non-uniform morphology. FTIR results showed peaks of functional groups which are present in some of the phytochemical compounds found in S. cupulare, and point to the presence of CdO. Annealed CdO/CdCO3 NPs showed selectivity for MCF7 and MDA MB231 in comparison to Vero cell line, thereby supporting the hypothesis that cadmium oxide nanoparticles inhibit growth of cancerous cells more than non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Lefojane
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - B T Sone
- Flow Process and Rheology Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - N Matinise
- Department of Material Research, Nanoscience Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - K Saleh
- Department of Material Research, Nanoscience Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - P Direko
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - P Mfengwana
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - S Mashele
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - M Maaza
- Department of Material Research, Nanoscience Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - M P Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa.
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Cadmium induces apoptosis via generating reactive oxygen species to activate mitochondrial p53 pathway in primary rat osteoblasts. Toxicology 2020; 446:152611. [PMID: 33031904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal produced by various industries, contaminates the environment and seriously damages the skeletal system of humans and animals. Recent studies have reported that Cd can affect the viability of cells, including osteoblasts, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism of Cd-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In the present study, primary rat osteoblasts were used to investigate the Cd-induced apoptotic mechanism. We found that treatment with 2 and 5 μM Cd for 12 h decreased osteoblast viability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, thus, DNA damage measured via p-H2AX. The level of the nuclear transcription factor p53 was significantly increased, which upregulated the expression of PUMA, Noxa, Bax, and mitochondrial cytochrome c, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the level of cleaved caspase-3. However, pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or the p53 transcription specific inhibitor PFT-α suppressed Cd-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that Cd can induce apoptosis in osteoblasts by increasing the generation of ROS and activating the mitochondrial p53 signaling pathway, and this mechanism requires the transcriptional activation of p53.
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7
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Cell organelles as targets of mammalian cadmium toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1017-1049. [PMID: 32206829 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever increasing environmental presence of cadmium as a consequence of industrial activities is considered a health hazard and is closely linked to deteriorating global health status. General animal and human cadmium exposure ranges from ingestion of foodstuffs sourced from heavily polluted hotspots and cigarette smoke to widespread contamination of air and water, including cadmium-containing microplastics found in household water. Cadmium is promiscuous in its effects and exerts numerous cellular perturbations based on direct interactions with macromolecules and its capacity to mimic or displace essential physiological ions, such as iron and zinc. Cell organelles use lipid membranes to form complex tightly-regulated, compartmentalized networks with specialized functions, which are fundamental to life. Interorganellar communication is crucial for orchestrating correct cell behavior, such as adaptive stress responses, and can be mediated by the release of signaling molecules, exchange of organelle contents, mechanical force generated through organelle shape changes or direct membrane contact sites. In this review, cadmium effects on organellar structure and function will be critically discussed with particular consideration to disruption of organelle physiology in vertebrates.
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8
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Pinter E, Rainer B, Czerny T, Riegel E, Schilter B, Marin-Kuan M, Tacker M. Evaluation of the Suitability of Mammalian In Vitro Assays to Assess the Genotoxic Potential of Food Contact Materials. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020237. [PMID: 32098342 PMCID: PMC7074469 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-targeted screening of food contact materials (FCM) for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) reveals a great number of unknown and unidentified substances present at low concentrations. In the absence of toxicological data, the application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) or of EU Regulation 10/2011 requires methods able to fulfill safety threshold criteria. In this review, mammalian in vitro genotoxicity assays are analyzed for their ability to detect DNA-damaging substances at limits of biological detection (LOBD) corresponding to the appropriate safety thresholds. Results: The ability of the assays to detect genotoxic effects varies greatly between substance classes. Especially for direct-acting mutagens, the assays lacked the ability to detect most DNA reactive substances below the threshold of 10 ppb, making them unsuitable to pick up potential genotoxicants present in FCM migrates. However, suitability for the detection of chromosomal damage or investigation of other modes of action makes them a complementary tool as part of a standard test battery aimed at giving additional information to ensure safety. Conclusion: improvements are necessary to comply with regulatory thresholds to consider mammalian genotoxicity in vitro assays to assess FCM safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pinter
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-606-6877-3584
| | - Bernhard Rainer
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Czerny
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Riegel
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benoît Schilter
- Nestlé Research Center, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Manfred Tacker
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Cancino-Bernardi J, Marangoni VS, Besson JCF, Cancino MEC, Natali MRM, Zucolotto V. Gold-based nanospheres and nanorods particles used as theranostic agents: An in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:41-52. [PMID: 30212718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effect of gold-based nanoparticles is still an open question since it depends on several factors as shape, surface charge or route of administration. In this study, we investigated the influence of shape and human serum albumin (HSA) coating on the adverse effects of spherical (AuNP) and nanorods (AuNR) gold-based particles. F C3H (fibroblast) and HTC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines both from liver were exposed to 25, 75 and 125 μg mL-1, which correspond to 109 NP mL-1. For in vivo studies, Wistar rats received these materials by oral administration in doses of 10 μg kg-1 or 40 μg kg-1. Systemic toxicity was verified after 24 h and 48 h by morphological analysis, blood parameters and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. Our results revealed that HSA corona does not influence totally the pathway of interactions between AuNP and AuNR. In vitro results evidenced that AuNP can decrease in at least 50% viability of F C3H and cell adhesion of HTC, but corona significantly overcomes these effects. No differences between shape or corona were observed in function of cell lines. In vivo studies showed that 40 μg kg-1 of AuNP-HSA caused an enhancement of the myeloperoxidase response indicating inflammatory processes. An increase from 40% to 80% on alkaline phosphatase levels were found for all groups. Our findings suggested that gold-based particles coated or not with HSA do not cause expressive adverse effects on in vitro or in vivo systems, and their oral administration cannot cause a systemic effect in the experimental conditions used here.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cancino-Bernardi
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - V S Marangoni
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J C F Besson
- Morphologic Science Department, State University of Maringá, CP, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - M E C Cancino
- Morphologic Science Department, State University of Maringá, CP, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - M R M Natali
- Morphologic Science Department, State University of Maringá, CP, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - V Zucolotto
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Almeer RS, Alarifi S, Alkahtani S, Ibrahim SR, Ali D, Moneim A. The potential hepatoprotective effect of royal jelly against cadmium chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice is mediated by suppression of oxidative stress and upregulation of Nrf2 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1490-1498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Alkharashi NAO, Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA. Cadmium triggers mitochondrial oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes: Analysis using in vitro and system toxicology approaches. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 42:117-128. [PMID: 28595784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known heavy metal that causes environmental pollution and human health problems. Several studies attempted to assess Cd toxicity in vitro and in vivo. However, the systemic profile of cadmium toxicity has not been studied well. In the present study, we assessed the toxicity of Cd on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes and gene expression, using a system toxicological approach. Cd effect on cell viability and morphology were analyzed by MTT assay and AO/EB staining respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential depletion and reactive oxygen singlet generation were assessed by flow cytometry. Effects of Cd treatment on gene expression were also studied. Significant reduction in cell viability and disintegration of nuclear morphology were observed in Cd-treated cells. Cd exposure enhanced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential through oxidative stress. Dose-dependent upregulation of GSTM3 and downregulation of GSR gene expression were observed. TNF gene expression decreased as the level of Cd exposure increased. We analyzed the toxicological effects of Cd on more than 45 proteins for biological target identification. These system toxicological studies suggested that Cd induced toxicity through various biological processes such as oxidative stress, oxidation-reduction, and ROS and hydrogen peroxide generation. Additionally, Cd affects the cellular component network and modulates the expression level of oxidative stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Abdulkareem Omer Alkharashi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Messner B, Türkcan A, Ploner C, Laufer G, Bernhard D. Cadmium overkill: autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis signalling in endothelial cells exposed to cadmium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1699-713. [PMID: 26588916 PMCID: PMC4805700 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy-it is the mode of cell demise that defines the response of surrounding cells and organs. In case of one of the most toxic substances known to date, cadmium (Cd), and despite a large number of studies, the mode of cell death induced is still unclear. As there exists conflicting data as to which cell death mode is induced by Cd both across various cell types and within a single one, we chose to analyse Cd-induced cell death in primary human endothelial cells by investigating all possibilities that a cell faces in undergoing cell death. Our results indicate that Cd-induced death signalling starts with the causation of DNA damage and a cytosolic calcium flux. These two events lead to an apoptosis signalling-related mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and a classical DNA damage response. Simultaneously, autophagy signalling such as ER stress and phagosome formation is initiated. Importantly, we also observed lysosomal membrane permeabilization. It is the integration of all signals that results in DNA degradation and a disruption of the plasma membrane. Our data thus suggest that Cd causes the activation of multiple death signals in parallel. The genotype (for example, p53 positive or negative) as well as other factors may determine the initiation and rate of individual death signals. Differences in the signal mix and speed may explain the differing results recorded as to the Cd-induced mode of cell death thus far. In human endothelial cells it is the sum of most if not all of these signals that determine the mode of Cd-induced cell death: programmed necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Adrian Türkcan
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Ploner
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Innsbruck, Department of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Laufer
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Bernhard
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Boonprasert K, Satarug S, Morais C, Gobe GC, Johnson DW, Na-Bangchang K, Vesey DA. The stress response of human proximal tubule cells to cadmium involves up-regulation of haemoxygenase 1 and metallothionein but not cytochrome P450 enzymes. Toxicol Lett 2016; 249:5-14. [PMID: 27005776 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) super-family are implicated in cadmium (Cd) -induced nephrotoxicity, however, direct evidence is lacking. This study investigated the endogenous expression of various CYP proteins together with the stress-response proteins, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and metallothionein (MT) in human kidney sections and in cadmium-exposed primary cultures of human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTC). By immunohistochemistry, the CYP members 2B6, 4A11 and 4F2 were prominently expressed in the cortical proximal tubular cells and to a lesser extent in distal tubular cells. Low levels of CYPs 2E1 and 3A4 were also detected. In PTC, in the absence of Cd, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP4F2 and MT were expressed, but HO-1, CYP2B6 and CYP4A11 were not detected. A range of cadmium concentrations (0-100μM) were utilized to induce stress conditions. MT protein was further induced by as little as 0.5μM cadmium, reaching a 6-fold induction at 20μM, whereas for HO-1, a 5μM cadmium concentration was required for initial induction and at 20μM cadmium reached a 15-fold induction. The expression of CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP4F2 were not altered by any cadmium concentrations tested at 48h. Cadmium caused a reduction in cell viability at concentrations above 10μM. In conclusion although cultured PTC, do express CYP proteins, (CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP4F2), Cd-induced cell stress as indicted by induction of HO-1 and MT does not alter expression of these CYP proteins at 48h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyarat Boonprasert
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Soisungwan Satarug
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - David A Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Yang Y, Jiang L, She Y, Chen M, Li Q, Yang G, Geng C, Tang L, Zhong L, Jiang L, Liu X. Olaquindox induces DNA damage via the lysosomal and mitochondrial pathway involving ROS production and p53 activation in HEK293 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:792-799. [PMID: 26453893 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Olaquindox (OLA) is a potent antibacterial agent used as a feed additive and growth promoter. In this study, the genotoxic potential of OLA was investigated in the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 (HEK293). Results showed that OLA caused significant increases of DNA migration. Lysosomal membrane permeability and mitochondrial membrane potential were reduced after treatment with OLA. OLA was shown to induce ROS production and GSH depletion. The expression of p53 protein is increased in cells incubated with OLA. The activation of p53 and ATM gene was assessed by exposure to OLA. Furthermore, NAC reduced DNA migration, ROS formation, GSH depletion and the expression of the p53 protein and gene. And desipramine significantly decreased AO fluorescence intensity and the expression of the p53 protein and gene. These results support the assumption that OLA exerted genotoxic effects and induced DNA strand breaks in HEK293 cells, possibly through lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway involving ROS production and p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yan She
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liyun Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 of Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Laifu Zhong
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
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15
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Chiu HW, Xia T, Lee YH, Chen CW, Tsai JC, Wang YJ. Cationic polystyrene nanospheres induce autophagic cell death through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:736-46. [PMID: 25429417 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05509h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to produce a wide range of products that have applications in imaging and drug delivery in medicine. Due to their chemical stability, well-controlled sizes and surface charges, polystyrene (PS) NPs have been developed as biosensors and drug delivery carriers. However, the possible adverse biological effects and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recently, autophagy has been implicated in the regulation of cell death. In this study, we evaluated a library of PS NPs with different surface charges. We found that NH2-labeled polystyrene (NH2-PS) nanospheres were highly toxic with enhanced uptake in macrophage (RAW 264.7) and lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Furthermore, NH2-PS could induce autophagic cell death. NH2-PS increased autophagic flux due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by misfolded protein aggregation. The inhibition of ER stress decreased cytotoxicity and autophagy in the NH2-PS-treated cells. In addition, the Akt/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways were involved in the regulation of NH2-PS-triggered autophagic cell death. These results suggest an important role of autophagy in cationic NP-induced cell death and provide mechanistic insights into the inhibition of the toxicity and safe material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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16
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Wang J, Hao M, Liu C, Liu R. Cadmium induced apoptosis in mouse primary hepatocytes: the role of oxidative stress-mediated ERK pathway activation and the involvement of histone H3 phosphorylation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-delayed apoptosis induced by cadmium in primary hepatocytes through DNA damage, histone modification and ERK signaling cascade, which are all mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Minglu Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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17
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Khojastehfar A, Aghaei M, Gharagozloo M, Panjehpour M. Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 25:48-55. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.985353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Pant N, Kumar G, Upadhyay AD, Patel DK, Gupta YK, Chaturvedi PK. Reproductive toxicity of lead, cadmium, and phthalate exposure in men. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:11066-11074. [PMID: 24816463 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants viz lead or cadmium and phthalate esters (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], dibutyl phthalate [DBP], and diethyl phthalate [DEP]) widely found in different environmental strata are linked to deteriorating male reproductive health. The objective was to assess the relationships between the seminal lead, cadmium, and phthalate (DEHP, DBP, DEP) concentrations at environmental level and serum hormone levels and semen quality in non-occupationally exposed men and specify the effect of individual and combined exposure of toxicants on semen quality. A study of 60 male partners of couples attending the Andrology Laboratory of the Reproductive Biology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India for semen analysis to assess their inability to achieve a pregnancy was selected for the study. The results of univariate and stepwise multiple regression analysis in the unadjusted model showed a significant correlation between lead or cadmium and phthalates DEHP/DBP/DEP and sperm motility, sperm concentration, and DNA damage. After adjusting for potential confounders, an association with lead or DEHP was only observed. The present data shows that lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) or phthalates might independently contribute to decline in semen quality and induce DNA damage. Phthalates might influence reproductive hormone testosterone. These findings are significant in light of the fact that men are exposed to a volley of chemicals; however, due to the small sample size, our finding needs to be confirmed in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Pant
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India,
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19
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Dirican E, Turkez H. In vitro studies on protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts against cadmium-induced genetic and oxidative damage in human lymphocytes. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:9-16. [PMID: 23325115 PMCID: PMC3886544 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a modern environmental contaminant that is toxic and carcinogenic. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a traditional medicinal herb which grows in the various parts of the World. Recent studies demonstrated that G. glabra has antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and powerful antiinflammatory features. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic safety of extracts from G. glabra and its effects on cadmium (as CdCl2) induced genotoxicity. Therefore we evaluated the capability of G. glabra extract to inhibit the rate of micronucleus (MN), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formations induced by CdCl2. Moreover, to assess the effects of G. glabra on cell viability and oxidative status, we performed 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Our results showed that there were significant increases (P < 0.05) in both SCE and MN frequencies of cultures treated with CdCl2 (5 ppm) as compared to controls. However, co-application of G. glabra extract (5, 10 and 20 ppm) and CdCl2 resulted in decreases of MN and SCE rates as compared to the group treated with CdCl2 alone. Again, the results of MTT and TAC assays clearly indicated dose dependent ameliorative effects of G. glabra extracts against CdCl2 toxicity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that G. glabra extracts provided increased resistance of DNA against CdCl2 induced genetic and oxidative damage in human lymphocytes. So, the risk on target tissues of CdCl2 could be reduced and ensured early recovery from its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Hatay, Turkey,
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20
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Kim HR, Jung MH, Lee SY, Oh SM, Chung KH. Marijuana smoke condensate induces p53-mediated apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:337-47. [PMID: 23665932 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Since the largely abused worldwide used of marijuana, there have been many ongoing debates regarding the adverse health effects of marijuana smoking. Marijuana smoking was recently proved to cause pulmonary toxicity by inducing genotoxic effects or generating reactive oxygen species. Because p53, a tumor suppressor gene, has an important pathophysiologic role in the regulation of lung epithelial cell DNA damage responses, we hypothesized that p53 may be involved in the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis induced by marijuana smoking. First, we confirmed that marijuana smoke condensate (MSC) induces oxidative stress in BEAS-2B cells. We observed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was increased by MSC in the DCFH-DA assay. Also, antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase) activity and their mRNA expressions were up-regulated by MSC. Second, we investigated p53 involvement in the MSC-induced apoptotic pathway in BEAS-2B cells. The results showed that MSC increased caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation as markers of apoptosis. In addition, the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes (p53 and Bax) were increased by MSC and phospho-p53, along with the increase of Bax protein expression by MSC. Apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression were partially blocked by an inhibitor of p53-dependent transcriptional activation (pifithrin-α). The results indicate that p53 plays a role in MSC-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest that MSC partially induces p53-mediated apoptosis through ROS generation in human lung epithelial cells and this may have broader implications for our understanding of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ryong Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
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21
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REN H, JIA H, SUZUKI H, NAGAE Y, ENDO H. Effects of Petroselinum crispum and Coriandrum sativum on Oral Cadmium-induced Micronucleus Formation in Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Jung MH, Kim HR, Park YJ, Park DS, Chung KH, Oh SM. Genotoxic effects and oxidative stress induced by organic extracts of particulate matter (PM10) collected from a subway tunnel in Seoul, Korea. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 749:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Wang J, Wang Q, Li J, Shen Q, Wang F, Wang L. Cadmium induces hydrogen peroxide production and initiates hydrogen peroxide-dependent apoptosis in the gill of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:195-201. [PMID: 22692000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the aquatic environment. Cd has been reported to induce oxidative damage and apoptosis. We investigated the regulation mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on Cd-induced apoptosis. We show that in the gills of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense Cd induced apoptosis, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, Cd caused production of H(2)O(2) after 2 h of treatment at 58 mg L(-1) Cd, and significantly increased the caspase-3/8/9 activity in crabs relative to the control group. Pre-treatment with the scavenger for H(2)O(2), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), effectively inhibited the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, eventually blocked Cd-induced DNA fragmentation and the appearance of markers for apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that Cd might induce intracellular H(2)O(2) generation to trigger the crab apoptotic processes by regulating the activities of caspase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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24
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Kim HR, Son BH, Lee SY, Chung KH, Oh SM. The Role of p53 in Marijuana Smoke Condensates-induced Genotoxicity and Apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:e2012017. [PMID: 23106039 PMCID: PMC3479268 DOI: 10.5620/eht.2012.27.e2012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marijuana is one of the most frequently abused drug in Korea and its adverse health effects are controversial. p53 is known to be crucial in regulating the DNA damage responses, and adverse effects can occur when it is regulated by marijuana smoke. We evaluated a role of p53 on genotoxic effect and apoptosis in lung cancer cells exposed to marijuana smoke condensates (MSCs). METHODS The p53-related genotoxicity and apoptosis of MSCs were evaluated using in vitro bioassay, viz., comet assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and apoptosis assay. We used two cell lines with differential p53 expression (p53-wildtype (WT) H460 and p53-null H1299). RESULTS MSCs significantly increased DNA breakages and chromosomal changes in p53-WT H460 and p53-null H1299 cells. The genotoxicity induced by MSCs in p53-null H1299 cells showed greater sensitivity than p53-WT H460 cells. Moreover, MSCs showed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis. The apoptotic responses induced by MSCs were higher in p53-WT H460 cells than in p53-null H1299 cells. Significantly increased mRNA expression or apoptosis related genes, including p53, caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were observed in the p53-WT H460 cells exposed to MSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MSCs induce DNA/chromosomal damages and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells and p53 plays an important role in the cellular response to MSCs. The present study may have border implications for our understanding of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ryong Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bo Hee Son
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo Yeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Seung Min Oh
- Fusion Technology Laboratory, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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25
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Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles to fish and mammalian cell lines: An assessment of cytotoxicity and methodology. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:888-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Wu JP, Chen HC, Li MH. Bioaccumulation and toxicodynamics of cadmium to freshwater planarian and the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 63:220-229. [PMID: 22481525 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although toxic responses of freshwater planarians after exposure to environmental toxicants can be observed through external toxicological end points, physiological responses inside the bodies of treated planarians have rarely been investigated. The present study was designed, using cadmium (Cd) as a reference toxicant, to determine its bioaccumulation and toxicodynamics in the freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica, after acute toxicity was obtained. Accumulated Cd concentrations, metallothionein levels, and the oxidative status in planarians were determined after exposure to Cd. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the acute death of Cd-treated planarians was associated with increased oxidative stress. After Cd-treated planarians were coexposed to antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), we found that NAC protected planarians from Cd lethality by maintaining the oxidative status and decreasing the bioaccumulation of Cd. The results of the present study support planarians being used as a practical model for toxicological studies of environmental contaminants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Pin Wu
- Department of Geography, Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, 106, Taipei, Taiwan, RO China
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27
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Samy RP, Ng CT, Bay BH, Watt F. Carboxylate microsphere-induced cellular toxicity in human lung fibroblasts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:635-43. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylate microspheres (CMs) are mainly used in industrial, biomedical and various household products. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxic effects of CMs on human MRC-5 lung fibroblasts by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Oxidative stress was determined by measurements of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels and proinflammatory cytokines quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphological changes were examined by light microscopy, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The lung fibroblasts were exposed to increasing concentrations of CMs (0.1–1000 μmol/L) for 24 h. The results showed significant changes in cell morphology with induction of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress observed in 10–1000 μmol/L concentrations of CM-treated fibroblasts. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of CMs inside the cytoplasm of treated lung fibroblasts. CMs also induced elevated interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α levels at higher concentrations. We have demonstrated that CMs significantly reduce cell viability in a dose-dependant manner in lung fibroblasts at 0.1–1000 μmol/L doses. The findings suggest that high doses of CMs have the potential to induce cellular toxicity to the lung in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Perumal Samy
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Department of Microbiology, MD 4 Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
| | - Cheng-Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
| | - Frank Watt
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications (CIBA), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore- 117542
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28
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Li J, Yang G, Wang S, Jiang L, Liu X, Geng C, Zhong L, Chen M. The protective effects of hydroxytyrosol against ortho-phenylphenol-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:432-7. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.666659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Al-Shami SA, Rawi CSM, Ahmad AH, Nor SAM. Genotoxicity of heavy metals to the larvae of Chironomuskiiensis Tokunaga after short-term exposure. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:734-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711422729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic effects of increasing concentrations (below lethal concentration [LC50]) of cadmium ([Cd] 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L), copper ([Cu] 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L) and zinc ([Zn] 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/L) on Chironomus kiiensis were evaluated using alkaline comet assay after exposure for 24 h. Both the tail moment and the olive tail moment showed significant differences between the control and different concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). The highest concentration of Cd was associated with higher DNA damage to C. kiiensis larvae compared with Cu and Zn. The potential genotoxicity of these metals to C. kiiensis was Cd > Cu > Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman A Al-Shami
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Che Salmah Md Rawi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
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30
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Eom HJ, Choi J. SiO(2) Nanoparticles Induced Cytotoxicity by Oxidative Stress in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell, Beas-2B. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:e2011013. [PMID: 22125774 PMCID: PMC3214978 DOI: 10.5620/eht.2011.26.e2011013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the potential harmful effect of the exposure to silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) nanoparticles through in vitro toxicity assay using human bronchial epithelial cell, Beas-2B with a focus on the involvement of oxidative stress as the toxic mechanism. METHODS SiO(2)-induced oxidative stress was assessed by examining formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as cytotoxicity effect was evaluation by cell viability. Subsequently, to understand the molecular mechanism of nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress, the involvement of oxidative stress-responding transcription factors, such as, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction pathway was also investigated. RESULTS 5-d i phenyltera zolium bromide (MTT) assay results show that decrease 20% in cell viability and the number of cells in the subG1 phase increased. The increase in ROS formation was observed in SiO(2) nanoparticle treated cells. The expression of SOD protein was not changed, whereas that of HO-1 was increased by SiO(2) nanoparticle exposure. transcription factors Nrf-2 and the expression of phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulating kinase (ERK) was strongly induced by SiO(2) nanoparticle exposure CONCLUSIONS SiO(2) nanoparticles exert their toxicity through oxidative stress as they cause the significant increase ROS level. SiO(2) nanoparticles induce induction of HO-1 via Nrf-2-ERK MAP kinase pathway. Our tested oxidative stress parameters are rather limited in terms of allowing the full understanding of oxidative stress and cellular response by SiO(2) nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Eom
- School of Environmental Engineering, College of Urban Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, College of Urban Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Dżugan M, Lis M, Droba M, Niedziółka J. Effect of cadmium injected in ovo on hatching results and the activity of plasma hydrolytic enzymes in newly hatched chicks. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59:337-47. [PMID: 21727066 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2011.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the toxicity of cadmium ions in chick embryos, using plasma hydrolytic enzyme as its biomarker. Hatching eggs (n = 300) from Ross 308 broilers were incubated under standard conditions. On day 4 of incubation, 50 μl of saline solution, containing Cd ions at a concentration from 0 (control group) to 24 μg, was injected in ovo into the egg albumen. The results indicate that the administration of cadmium at doses exceeding 1 μg/egg caused a gradual decrease in hatchability, with an LD50 of 3.9 μg/egg. The greatest differences between the groups in the enzymatic activities studied were found for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), β-D-mannosidase (β-MAN) and arylsulphatase (ARYL). Compared to the control group, in the blood serum of chicks from the groups receiving 3, 6 and 12 μg Cd/egg the NAG activity increased by 79, 108 and 54% and β-MAN activity by 33, 119 and 108%, respectively. Exposure to cadmium at a dose of 1 to 6 μg per egg caused an about 60% increase in ARYL activity while a dose of 12 μg decreased the activity by about 35% below the level observed in the control group. These findings show that cadmium has a similar toxicity mechanism in mammals and birds, which opens the possibility of using NAG activity as a biomarker of the cytotoxic effect of cadmium in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dżugan
- 1 University of Rzeszów Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Ćwiklińskiej 2 35-601 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Marcin Lis
- 2 University of Agriculture in Cracow Department of Poultry and Fur Animal Breeding and Animal Hygiene Cracow Poland
| | - Maria Droba
- 1 University of Rzeszów Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Ćwiklińskiej 2 35-601 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Jerzy Niedziółka
- 2 University of Agriculture in Cracow Department of Poultry and Fur Animal Breeding and Animal Hygiene Cracow Poland
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Hegseth MN, Regoli F, Gorbi S, Bocchetti R, Gabrielsen GW, Camus L. Lysosomal and lipid-associated parameters in the livers of three species of arctic seabird chicks: species differences and relationships with contaminant levels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1652-1660. [PMID: 21724205 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane stability, lipofuscin (LF), malondialdehyde (MDA), neutral lipid (NL) levels, as well as halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), Cr, Cd, Pb and Fe concentrations were analyzed in liver of black-legged kittiwake (BK), herring gull (HG), and northern fulmar (NF) chicks. There were significant species differences in the levels of NL, LF and lysosomal membrane stability. These parameters were not associated with the respective HOC concentrations. LF accumulation was associated with increasing Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations. HG presented the lowest lysosomal membrane stability and the highest. LF and NL levels, which indicated impaired lysosomes in HG compared to NF and BK. Lipid peroxidation was associated with HOC and Fe2+ levels. Specific HOCs showed positive and significant correlations with MDA levels in HG. The study indicates that contaminant exposure can affect lysosomal and lipid associated parameters in seabird chicks even at low exposure levels. These parameters may be suitable markers of contaminant induced stress in arctic seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Nøst Hegseth
- Akvaplan-NIVA AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
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Vincent-Hubert F, Arini A, Gourlay-Francé C. Early genotoxic effects in gill cells and haemocytes of Dreissena polymorpha exposed to cadmium, B[a]P and a combination of B[a]P and Cd. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MA M, JIANG ZZ, RUAN JL, ZHANG LY. Toxicity of a Diterpene Lactone Isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera on Hepatocytes. Chin J Nat Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(11)60065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yilmaz D, Aydemir NC, Vatan O, Tüzün E, Bilaloglu R. Influence of naringin on cadmium-induced genomic damage in human lymphocytes in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:114-21. [PMID: 21636685 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711407241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an important toxic environmental heavy metal. Generally, occupational and environmental exposures to cadmium result from heavy metal mining, metallurgy and industrial use and the manufacturing of nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments and plastic stabilizers. Cadmium induces oxidative stress and alters the antioxidant system, resulting in oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. The effect of naringin, a grapefruit flavonone, on cadmium-induced genomic damage was studied by using an in vitro system to test for chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. Cadmium significantly increased the total chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes at concentrations of 20 and 40 μM, and although naringin alone did not induce any chromosomal aberrations, it decreased those induced by cadmium. The mitotic index was not affected by either cadmium or naringin. Cadmium also induced a significant number of sister chromatid exchanges, but naringin alone did not induce sister chromatid exchanges and was unable to decrease the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges induced by cadmium. Replicative index analysis revealed that naringin and cadmium did not significantly alter replicative index frequencies. In this study, we show that plant-based flavonoids, such as naringin, may reduce the genomic damage induced by cadmium and may protect the cellular environments from free radical damage by its possible antioxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, Uludag University Faculty of Science and Arts, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
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Pal S, Kim JY, Park SH, Lim HB, Lee KH, Song JM. Quantitative classification of DNA damages induced by submicromolar cadmium using oligonucleotide chip coupled with lesion-specific endonuclease digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4460-4467. [PMID: 21526813 DOI: 10.1021/es200179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of proper analytical tool for systematic investigation and quantitative determination of different classes of cadmium ion-induced DNA damages, especially at low metal ion concentrations, is still lacking. Using lesion-specific enzymes that cleave DNA at specific classes of damage and a fluorometric approach developed for quantifying fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides bound to chip surfaces, we determined the frequencies of different lesions (strand breaks, oxidized purines, oxidized pyrimidines, or abasic sites) induced by submicromolar Cd(2+). Cd(2+)-treated oligonucleotide chips were digested with various endonucleases (Fpg protein, endonuclease III, endonuclease IV), producing a de novo single strand break (SSB) at their substrate modifications. The frequency of SSB and double strand break (DSB) was computed from the difference of pre- and post-Cd(2+)-treatment oligonucleotide coverage on the chip. While the frequency of SSBs and oxidized bases were successfully quantified even at 0.5 μM of Cd(2+), DSB frequency could be easily quantitated at 8.7 μM [Cd(2+)]. The numbers of abasic sites were below the oligonucleotide detection limit (2.4 amole; equivalent to 0.24 fM for a reaction volume of 100 μL). SSBs were found to constitute about 85-90% of single strand damages, while oxidized bases comprise only 4-7% of the total at 0.9 to 8.7 μM [Cd(2+)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukdeb Pal
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Abstract
Quantum dot toxicity has become a hot topic in recent years due to the emergence of semiconductor nanoparticles as highly efficient biological imaging agents. The use of quantum dots in biology is arguably the most successful application of pure nanotechnology in recent times, although unfortunately, the most useful semiconductor particles contain elements that are often thought to be detrimental to health and the environment. In this article, we explore some key reports on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bottrill
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
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Tao Liu, Wenting He, Chuan Yan, Yongmei Qi, Yingmei Zhang. Roles of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria in cadmium-induced injury of liver cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 27:249-56. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710386408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage in the cadmium (Cd)-induced injury of liver cells were studied by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (ALCAR). After exposure of experimental rats to cadmium (Cd) for 16 h, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS production, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA single-strand break (DNA-SSB) were analyzed. Loss of MMP, increase of ROS production, inhibition of GSH-Px activity, elevation of GSH content, rise of MDA content and DNA-SSB level suggest the participation of ROS and mitochondrion in Cd-induced injury of liver cell. NAC pretreatment attenuated oxidative stress, reversed the decline in GSH-Px activity and reduced GSH and MDA levels significantly. However, Cd-induced loss in MMP was significantly exacerbated by NAC. For another, ALCAR did not perform as well as NAC in terms of reducing ROS production, restoring GSH-Px activity and reducing GSH content. Nevertheless, it significantly improved the recovery of MMP and reduction of MDA content. In addition, conspicuous DNA damage was observed in the samples treated with NAC or ALCAR, indicating Cd could attack DNA through other pathways. These results suggest that oxidative stress or mitochondrial impairment plays a main role in different injuries respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China, Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wenting He
- First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Chuan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China,
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Abstract
At the cellular level, cadmium (Cd) induces both damaging and repair processes in which the cellular redox status plays a crucial role. Being not redox-active, Cd is unable to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly, but Cd-induced oxidative stress is a common phenomenon observed in multiple studies. The current review gives an overview on Cd-induced ROS production and anti-oxidative defense in organisms under different Cd regimes. Moreover, the Cd-induced oxidative challenge is discussed with a focus on damage and signaling as downstream responses. Gathering these data, it was clear that oxidative stress related responses are affected during Cd stress, but the apparent discrepancies observed in between the different studies points towards the necessity to increase our knowledge on the spatial and temporal ROS signature under Cd stress. This information is essential in order to reveal the exact role of Cd-induced oxidative stress in the modulation of downstream responses under a diverse array of conditions.
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40
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Genotoxic effect of 6-gingerol on human hepatoma G2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cavuşoğlu K, Yapar K, Yalçin E. Royal jelly (honey bee) is a potential antioxidant against cadmium-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in albino mice. J Med Food 2010; 12:1286-92. [PMID: 20041783 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that induces genotoxic damage in the body. Besides, Cd induces oxidative damage in various tissues by altering antioxidant defence enzymes system. In this study, we investigated the protective role of royal jelly (RJ) on Cd-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. For this aim, the micronucleus (MN) test in erythrocytes and exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa and the chromosome aberration (CA) test in bone marrow cells were applied. In addition, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in the liver and kidneys. Thirty-six animals were divided into six groups: the control group received distilled water alone, whereas mice in the treatment groups received RJ alone (100 and 250 mg/kg of body weight), Cd alone (2 mg/kg of body weight), and RJ+Cd. Cd toxicity resulted in a significant (P < .05) increase in CAs, abnormal metaphase number, and MN formation. Cd also caused a decrease in mitotic index. Oral administration of RJ at two doses (100 and 250 mg/kg of body weight) showed significant (P < .05) suppression of mutagenic effects of Cd. Moreover, Cd-induced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in GSH level and a significant increase in MDA level in the liver and kidneys. Treatment with two doses of RJ caused a significant recovery in antioxidant status of GSH and a significant inhibition of MDA production. It could be concluded that RJ has a protective role against Cd-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice, due to its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kültiğin Cavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
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42
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Ye Y, Liu J, Chen M, Sun L, Lan M. In vitro toxicity of silica nanoparticles in myocardial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 29:131-7. [PMID: 21787594 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, toxicities of silica nanoparticles with sizes of 21 and 48nm were assessed in myocardial H9c2(2-1) cells using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide reduction and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Cell injuries were characterized by morphological changes using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and glutathione were measured to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress. To elucidate mechanisms, cell cycle distributions and the expressions of p53, p21 and Bax were also analyzed. Results showed that silica nanoparticles produced cytotoxicities in size, dose (0.1-1.6mg/ml) and time (12, 24, 36 and 48h exposure) dependent manners. Moreover, the particles caused oxidative stress, induced G1 phase arrest and upregulated levels of p53 and p21. Taken together, these data suggested that cell injuries were triggered by the generation of oxidative stress; p53 and p21 mediated G1 phase arrest is a potential mechanistic pathway of silica nanoparticles induced damage in H9c2(2-1) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Jin S, Yang F, Hui Y, Xu Y, Lu Y, Liu J. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction on RTG-2 cells of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209). Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1190-6. [PMID: 20159034 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the environmental residues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have markedly increased. In particular, the levels of certain PBDE congeners in fish have raised concern regarding potential risks associated with dietary PBDEs exposures. However, little is known regarding PBDE-mediated cell injury in relevant in vitro fish cell models. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) on RTG-2 cells were investigated. RTG-2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of BDE-47 and BDE-209 (1-100 microM) for 72 h, and a set of bioassays were conducted to measure: cell viability (evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and neutral red (NR) uptake), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cell apoptosis. The results showed that BDE-47 and BDE-209 inhibited the cells viability, increased LDH leakage, and induced cell apoptosis in time and concentration-dependent manner. All significant effects were observed at concentrations of 12.5 microM and above for BDE-47 and 25 microM and above for BDE-209 (P<0.05). At the concentration of 100 microM BDE-47 and BDE-209, the cell viability of the exposed cells dropped to about 40% and 50% of the control, and the apoptotic rates were 52.6% and 34.6%, respectively. After 12h exposure, a concentration-dependent increases of BDE-47 and BDE-209 (12.5-100 microM) in ROS formation were observed. Collectively, the results of cell viability, LDH leakage, cell apoptosis and ROS formation demonstrated that the toxic mechanism of PBDEs on RTG-2 might be mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
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Viswanadh EK, Rao BN, Rao BSS. Antigenotoxic effect of mangiferin and changes in antioxidant enzyme levels of Swiss albino mice treated with cadmium chloride. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:409-18. [PMID: 20150354 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110361752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental metal toxin implicated in human diseases. Mangiferin (MGN), a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, is present in Mangifera indica. In this study, the protective role of MGN against cadmium chloride (CdCl(2))-induced genotoxicity was studied in Swiss albino mice. Mice were administered with single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) optimal dose of MGN (2.5 mg/kg b.wt.) before treatment with various concentrations of CdCl(2) (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 mg/kg b.wt.). The LD( 50(30)) was found to be 8.5 mg/kg b.wt. for DDW + CdCl(2) group, while it was increased to 9.77 mg/kg after MGN treatment resulting in increase in the LD(50(30)) value by 1.26 mg, with a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.14. Treatment of mice to various doses of CdCl(2) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic (MnPCE) and normochromatic erythrocytes (MnNCE), with corresponding decrease in the polychromatic / normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE ratio) at various post-treatment times. MGN (2.5 mg/kg b.wt.) pretreatment significantly (p < .001) reduced the frequency of MnPCE, MnNCE and increased PCE/NCE ratio when compared with the DDW + CdCl(2) group at all post-treatment times indicating its antigenotoxic effect. Further, pretreatment of MGN declined the lipid peroxidation (LPx) content in liver, whereas significant increase was observed in hepatic Glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Our study revealed that MGN has potent antigenotoxic effect against CdCl(2)-induced toxicity in mice, which may be due to the scavenging of free radicals and increased antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kasi Viswanadh
- Division of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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45
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Cobalt toxicity: Chemical and radiological combined effects on HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Nandi S, Gupta PSP, Selvaraju S, Roy SC, Ravindra JP. Effects of exposure to heavy metals on viability, maturation, fertilization, and embryonic development of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes in vitro. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 58:194-204. [PMID: 19475365 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of heavy metals, cadmium and lead, on buffalo oocyte viability and in vitro development. Oocytes were aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes. Only viable and metabolically active oocytes with more than three layers of cumulus cell layers and homogeneous ooplasm were selected. Effects of nine concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 microg/mL) of cadmium or lead on buffalo oocyte viability, morphological abnormities, maturation, and embryonic development in vitro were studied. Oocytes were cultured for 24 h and then checked for viability (0.05% trypan blue staining for 2 min), morphological abnormalities, and reduction assay by MTT test in experiment 1. The doses of cadmium and lead causing 100% oocyte death (1-day culture) were determined (experiment 2). In experiment 3, viable oocytes were matured in vitro in media containing different levels of cadmium or lead and then inseminated in vitro with frozen-thawed spermatozoa, and the resultant cleaved embryos were cultured in a control embryo culture medium for 8 days. In experiment 4, oocytes were cultured in control oocyte maturation medium, then fertilized, and the resultant embryos were cultured in media containing different levels of cadmium or lead for 8 days. The number of cells in the trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) and the total cell counts (TCN) of blastocysts derived by in vitro culture of two- to four-cell-stage embryos (produced in control medium) in media containing 0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/mL of cadmium or lead were analyzed by differential staining technique (experiment 5). Cadmium and lead were found to have a dose-dependent effect on viability, morphological abnormities, maturation, cleavage and morula/blastocyst yield, and blastocyst hatching. A significant decline in viability of oocytes was observed at 1.0 mg/mL cadmium or lead compared to the control group. The doses of cadmium and lead causing 100% oocyte death (1-day culture) were 18 and 32 microg/mL, respectively. Cadmium and lead at 1.0 and 2.5 microg/mL, respectively, caused a significant reduction of maturation of oocytes compared to the lower concentrations. No cleavage or morulae/blastocysts were produced when the oocytes/embryos were cultured in media containing 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL of either cadmium or lead, respectively. Similarly, no morulae/blastocysts were produced from cleaved embryos cultured in media containing 2.5 and 5.0 microg/mL cadmium and lead, respectively. The developmental block, degeneration, and asynchronous divisions were higher in embryos exposed to cadmium than in those exposed to lead. TCN and number of cells in ICM were significantly lower in blastocysts derived from two- to four-cell-stage embryos cultured in media containing heavy metals. In conclusion, cadmium and lead lowered the viability and development of buffalo oocytes but at a concentration higher than that estimated in the body fluids and environment. Cadmium was found to be more ovotoxic than lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nandi
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560 030, India.
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47
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Lawal AO, Ellis E. Differential sensitivity and responsiveness of three human cell lines HepG2, 1321N1 and HEK 293 to cadmium. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:465-78. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde
| | - Elizabeth Ellis
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde
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48
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Eom HJ, Choi J. Oxidative stress of silica nanoparticles in human bronchial epithelial cell, Beas-2B. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1326-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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49
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Eom HJ, Choi J. Oxidative stress of CeO2 nanoparticles via p38-Nrf-2 signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cell, Beas-2B. Toxicol Lett 2009; 187:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Souza V, Escobar MDC, Bucio L, Hernández E, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez Ruiz MC. NADPH oxidase and ERK1/2 are involved in cadmium induced-STAT3 activation in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2009; 187:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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