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Dewi IP, Wahyuni FS, Aldi Y, Ismail NH. In vitro immunomodulatory activity study of Garcinia cowa Roxb. fraction. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:365-371. [PMID: 36750417 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine the activity of Garcinia cowa Roxb. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions as an immunomodulator in vitro and obtain the fraction that has the potential as an immunomodulator. METHODS Raw 264.7 macrophages were used to asses G. cowa Roxb. immunomodulatory activity. The MTT assay was chosen to measure cell viability to evaluate the cytotoxic effect on cells. ELISA method was used to measure the concentration of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) secreted by cells after being treated with G. cowa Roxb. fraction. The neutral red uptake assay determined the effect of Garcinia cowa Roxb. on the phagocytic activity. RESULTS After Raw 264.7 macrophages were given the Hexan fraction (Hex) at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL, there was a decrease in the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, and the phagocytosis index of cells. Administration of the Ethyl Acetate fraction (EtOAc) at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL on cells caused a decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α levels but did not affect the phagocytosis index. There was an increase in the level of TNF-α and the phagocytosis index after being given the Butanol fraction (BuOH) with concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL but there was a slight decrease in the level of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Both Hex and EtOAc fractions could suppress immune responses through decreasing IL-6, TNF-α, and slightly decreased phagocytic activity. BuOH fraction could stimulate immunomodulatory activities through enhanced TNF-α levels and phagocytic index, but less potent in enhancing IL-6 production. The BuOH fraction could be developed as an immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Puspa Dewi
- Postgraduate Pharmacy Study Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia and Prayoga Pharmacy Academy, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Fatma Sri Wahyuni
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Yufri Aldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, UiTM Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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Qiao D, Cheng S, Xing Z, Zhang Q, Song S, Yan F, Zhang Y. Bio-inspired glycosylated nano-hydroxyapatites enhance endogenous bone regeneration by modulating macrophage M2 polarization. Acta Biomater 2023; 162:135-148. [PMID: 36967053 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
A macrophage-associated immune response is vital in bone regeneration. Mannose receptor (MR), a macrophage pattern-recognition receptor, is crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we designed MR-targeted glycosylated nano-hydroxyapatites (GHANPs) to reprogram macrophages into polarized M2s, promoting bone regeneration by improving the osteoimmune microenvironment. The prepared GHANPs induced macrophage M2 polarization, which then promoted osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells. Further, the mechanistic study showed that GHANPs might influence macrophage polarization by modulating cell metabolism, including enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and activating autophagy. Finally, a rat cranial defect model was used to verify the effect of GHANPs on endogenous bone regeneration in vivo, revealing that GHANPs promoted bone regeneration within the defect and increased the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages in early bone repair. Our results indicate that the MR-targeted macrophage M2 polarization strategy is promising in endogenous bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Macrophage is a pivotal immunity component for bone regeneration. A switch to M2 macrophage has been considered to contribute to osteogenesis. For inducing macrophage M2 polarization, an effective strategy to overcome off-target effects and insufficient specificity is a critical challenge. The mannose receptor on the surface of macrophages has been involved in regulating macrophage directional polarization. The glucomannan presented on the nano-hydroxyapatite rods acts as ligands targeting macrophage mannose receptors to promote their M2 polarization, improving the immunomicroenvironment and achieving bone regeneration. This approach has the advantage of easy preparation, specific regulation, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Cheng
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Song
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China.
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Kashyap PK, Chauhan S, Negi YS, Goel NK, Rattan S. Biocompatible carboxymethyl chitosan-modified glass ionomer cement with enhanced mechanical and anti-bacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1506-1520. [PMID: 36368362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potential adverse effects of conventional dental cements, the demand for biocompatible cements have grown tremendously in the field of dentistry. In this respect, Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being developed by different researchers. However, low mechanical strength of GIC make them unsuitable for application in high-stress areas. Thus, numerous initiatives to improve mechanical performance have been attempted till date including incorporation of reinforcing fillers. Novelty of the study lies in using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to develop a biocompatible dental cement (DC/CMC-m-GP), which would have enhanced mechanical strength due to greater interaction of CMC with the particles of GIC and better cyto-compatibility due to its cell-proliferation activity. The mechanical strength, acid erosion and fluoride release of DC/CMC-m-GP were studied and compared with control dental cement (DC/Control). DC/CMC-m-GP shows compressive strength of 157.45 M Pa and flexural strength of 18.76 M Pa which was higher as compared to DC/Control. The morphology of the GICs were studied through FESEM. Anti-microbial activity of DC/CMC-m-GP was studied by Agar disc-diffusion method and biofilm assay against S. mutans, which shows that DC/CMC-m-GP inhibits bacterial adhesion on its surface. MTT assay infers that DC/CMC-m-GP was non-cytotoxic and did not affect the cell viability significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonal Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Narender Kumar Goel
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India.
| | - Sunita Rattan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Shang L, Shao J, Ge S. Immunomodulatory Properties: The Accelerant of Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:377-392. [PMID: 35196904 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.00111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoinflammatory response is the prerequisite step for wound healing and tissue regeneration, and the immunomodulatory effects of biomaterials have attracted increasing attention. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] (HAp), a common calcium phosphate ceramic, due to its structural and functional similarity to the inorganic constituent of natural bones, has been developed for different application purposes such as bone substitutes, tissue engineering scaffolds, and implant coatings. Recently, the interaction between HAp-based materials and the immune system (various immune cells), and the immunomodulatory effects of HAp-based materials on bone tissue regeneration have been explored extensively. Macrophages-mediated regenerative effect by HAp stimulation occupies the mainstream status of immunomodulatory strategies. The immunomodulation of HAp can be manipulated by tuning the physical, chemical, and biological cues such as surface functionalization (physical or chemical modifications), structural and textural characteristics (size, shape, and surface topography), and the incorporation of bioactive substances (cytokines, rare-earth elements, and bioactive ions). Therefore, HAp ceramic materials can contribute to bone regeneration by creating a favorable osteoimmune microenvironment, which would provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for their further clinical applications. Considering the rapidly developed HAp-based materials as well as their excellent biological performances in the field of regenerative medicine, this review discusses the recent advances concerning the immunomodulatory methods for HAp-based biomaterials and their roles in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlong Shao
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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Shaikh MS, Zafar MS, Alnazzawi A, Javed F. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151877. [PMID: 34864225 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar bone loss and mobility of teeth is commonly observed in periodontitis patients. Regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects is indicated to restore the lost bone and periodontal tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of periodontal intrabony lesions by using nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) graft and comparing it with open flap debridement (OFD) alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS The eligibility criteria encompassed randomized (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Weighted mean differences were calculated for clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and gingival recession (REC) change, demonstrated as forest plots. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool were used for quality assessment of RCTs and non-randomized trials respectively. RESULTS From 22 full-text articles identified, three RCTs, one CCT and one retrospective follow-up of RCT were included. All the five papers comprised the quantitative evaluation. The use of NHA graft provided additional CAL gain of 0.96 mm (p = 0.0009) and PPD reduction of 0.97 mm (p < 0.00001) when compared to OFD alone. However, in terms of REC changes, no considerable benefits of NHA graft were demonstrated than OFD alone (p = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS The bioactive NHA graft showed promising results clinically in regenerative periodontology and can be considered for the management of periodontal intrabony defects. The use of NHA graft considerably provided better clinical outcomes in intrabony defects compared to using the OFD alone. Future research investigating NHA graft against other regenerative materials including specific BGs, at longer follow-up periods and bigger sample sizes and in furcation defects warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Alnazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York 14620, United States
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Shaikh MS, Zafar MS, Alnazzawi A. Comparing Nanohydroxyapatite Graft and Other Bone Grafts in the Repair of Periodontal Infrabony Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12021. [PMID: 34769451 PMCID: PMC8584357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the results of periodontal infrabony lesions treated using nanohydroxyapatite (NcHA) graft with other bone grafts (BGs). METHODS Four electronic databases were searched including PubMed (NLM), Embase (Ovid), Medline, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences (EBSCO). The inclusion criteria included randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). The clinical results of NcHA were compared with other BGs. For clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) decrease, and gingival recession (REC) change, weighted averages and forest plots were computed. RESULTS Seven RCTs fulfilled the selection criteria that were included. When NcHA was compared to other BGs, no clinically significant differences were found in terms of each outcome assessed, except the REC change for synthetic BGs as compared to NcHA. CONCLUSIONS The use of an NcHA graft showed equivalent results compared to other types of BGs. To further validate these findings, future studies are required to compare the NcHA and various BGs over longer time periods and in furcation deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Alnazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia;
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Elfeky SA, Elsayed A, Moawad M, Ahmed WA. Hydroxyapatite nanocomposite as a potential agent in osteosarcoma PDT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102056. [PMID: 33068821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Using Nanoplatforms as a hauler for photosensitizers is a bespoke paradigm to improve its bioavailability and to boost the PDT efficacy. Herein, the photodynamic cytotoxicity of methylene blue (MB) loaded on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs) was tested against human osteosarcoma-derived cells (Saos-2 cell line). HA-NPs and HA-NPs loaded with MB (HA-NPs-MB) were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and characterized by TEM, Zeta potential, FTIR, and XRD. TEM images revealed that HA-NPs have a rod shape with a diameter of 14-17 nm and length around 46-64 nm. FTIR and Zeta potential confirmed the adsorption of cationic MB on HA-NPs. XRD pattern was identical to the standard XRD pattern of HA-NPs. Incubation of Saos-2 cells (24 h) with HA-NPs-MB then irradiation of cells (5 min) with a diode laser (808 nm), causes a higher decrement of cell viability (determined by MTT assay) than that caused by free MB. The LC50 was 57.53 µg/mL and 86.99 µg/mL for HA-NPs-MB and free MB, respectively. Thus, the nanoformulation of MB greatly reduced the dose of MB required for effective PDT. This study also investigated the mode of cell death after incubation of cells with free MB or HA-NPs-MB composite then exposure to laser radiation. The results revealed that the majority of cells died by apoptosis while a minor fraction of cells died by necrosis, especially in the case of HA-NPs-MB. Levels of caspase-3 and death receptor-4 (DR-4) were more elevated in the case of HA-NPs-MB than free MB. The effect of the prepared nanocomposite and free MB on Raw murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) viability was also examined using the MTT assay. The results indicated that HA-NPs-MB in the presence of laser has a great cytotoxic effect on macrophage cells compared to other treatments. This may present an advantage through decreasing macrophage that promotes tumor growth. In conclusion, HA-NPs-MB nanocomposite surmounts free MB and HA-NPs in destroying macrophage cells and Saos-2 cells through apoptosis in the presence of laser irradiation. This study introduces a thorough and new insight on osteosarcoma (cancer cell line Saos-2) PDT using HA-NPs-MB exploiting the biosafety of HA-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad A Elfeky
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moawad
- Department of Surgical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Ahmed
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
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Hameister R, Kaur C, Dheen ST, Lohmann CH, Singh G. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative stress in arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2073-2087. [PMID: 31898397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between implant design, biomaterial characteristics, and the local microenvironment adjacent to the implant is of utmost importance for implant performance and success of the joint replacement surgery. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are among the various factors affecting the host as well as the implant components. Excessive formation of ROS and RNS can lead to oxidative stress, a condition that is known to damage cells and tissues and also to affect signaling pathways. It may further compromise implant longevity by accelerating implant degradation, primarily through activation of inflammatory cells. In addition, wear products of metallic, ceramic, polyethylene, or bone cement origin may also generate oxidative stress themselves. This review outlines the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress in arthroplasty and provides a conceptual framework on its implications for soft tissue remodeling and bone resorption (osteolysis) as well as implant longevity. Key findings derived from cell culture studies, animal models, and patients' samples are presented. Strategies to control oxidative stress by implant design and antioxidants are explored and areas of controversy and challenges are highlighted. Finally, directions for future research are identified. A better understanding of the host-implant interplay and the role of free radicals and oxidative stress will help to evaluate therapeutic approaches and will ultimately improve implant performance in arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hameister
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaikali Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Centre for Orthopaedics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
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Dewangan S, Mishra S, Mawatwal S, Dhiman R, Parida R, Giri S, Wölper C, Chatterjee S. Synthesis of Ferrocene Tethered Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Solid Supported Reaction Method, their Cytotoxic Evaluation and Fluorescence Behavior. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Dewangan
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela Orissa-769008 India
| | - Sasmita Mishra
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela Orissa-769008 India
| | - Shradha Mawatwal
- Department of Life ScienceNational Institute of Technology Rourkela Orissa-769008 India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Life ScienceNational Institute of Technology Rourkela Orissa-769008 India
| | - Rakesh Parida
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela Orissa-769008 India
| | - Santanab Giri
- Department of Applied SciencesHaldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex Haldia-721657, W.B India
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Department for X-Ray DiffractionInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen D-45117 Essen Germany
| | - Saurav Chatterjee
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela Orissa-769008 India
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Biomimetic modification of poly-l-lysine and electrodeposition of nanocomposite coatings for orthopaedic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Gómez-Cerezo N, Casarrubios L, Morales I, Feito MJ, Vallet-Regí M, Arcos D, Portolés MT. Effects of a mesoporous bioactive glass on osteoblasts, osteoclasts and macrophages. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 528:309-320. [PMID: 29859456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) of molar composition 75SiO2-20CaO-5P2O5 (MBG-75S) has been synthetized as a potential bioceramic for bone regeneration purposes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nitrogen adsorption studies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that MBG-75S possess a highly ordered mesoporous structure with high surface area and porosity, which would explain the high ionic exchange rate (mainly calcium and silicon soluble species) with the surrounded media. MBG-75S showed high biocompatibility in contact with Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells. Concentrations up to 1 mg/ml did not lead to significant alterations on either morphology or cell cycle. Regarding the effects on osteoclasts, MBG-75S allowed the differentiation of RAW-264.7 macrophages into osteoclast-like cells but exhibiting a decreased resorptive activity. These results point out that MBG-75S does not inhibit osteoclastogenesis but reduces the osteoclast bone-resorbing capability. Finally, in vitro studies focused on the innate immune response, evidenced that MBG-75S allows the proliferation of macrophages without inducing their polarization towards the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype. This in vitro behavior is indicative that MBG-75S would just induce the required innate immune response without further inflammatory complications under in vivo conditions. The overall behavior respect to osteoblasts, osteoclasts and macrophages, makes this MBG a very interesting candidate for bone grafting applications in osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gómez-Cerezo
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Casarrubios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Arcos
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M T Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Bayani M, Torabi S, Shahnaz A, Pourali M. Main properties of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite as a bone graft material in treatment of periodontal defects. A review of literature. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1281760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bayani
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sepehr Torabi
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aysan Shahnaz
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourali
- Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Stojanović ZS, Ignjatović N, Wu V, Žunič V, Veselinović L, Škapin S, Miljković M, Uskoković V, Uskoković D. Hydrothermally processed 1D hydroxyapatite: Mechanism of formation and biocompatibility studies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:746-757. [PMID: 27524076 PMCID: PMC4987716 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in bone tissue engineering have led to an increased interest in one-dimensional (1D) hydroxyapatite (HA) nano- and micro-structures such as wires, ribbons and tubes. They have been proposed for use as cell substrates, reinforcing phases in composites and carriers for biologically active substances. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of 1D HA structures using an optimized, urea-assisted, high-yield hydrothermal batch process. The one-pot process, yielding HA structures composed of bundles of ribbons and wires, was typified by the simultaneous occurrence of a multitude of intermediate reactions, failing to meet the uniformity criteria over particle morphology and size. To overcome these issues, the preparation procedure was divided to two stages: dicalcium phosphate platelets synthesized in the first step were used as a precursor for the synthesis of 1D HA in the second stage. Despite the elongated particle morphologies, both the precursor and the final product exhibited excellent biocompatibility and caused no reduction of viability when tested against osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in 2D culture up to the concentration of 2.6mg/cm(2). X-ray powder diffraction combined with a range of electron microscopies and laser diffraction analyses was used to elucidate the formation mechanism and the microstructure of the final particles. The two-step synthesis involved a more direct transformation of DCP to 1D HA with the average diameter of 37nm and the aspect ratio exceeding 100:1. The comparison of crystalline domain sizes along different crystallographic directions showed no signs of significant anisotropy, while indicating that individual nanowires are ordered in bundles in the b crystallographic direction of the P63/m space group of HA. Intermediate processes, e.g., dehydration of dicalcium phosphate, are critical for the formation of 1D HA alongside other key aspects of this phase transformation, it must be investigated in more detail in the continuous design of smart HA micro- and nano-structures with advanced therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran S Stojanović
- Centre for Fine Particles Processing and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Ignjatović
- Centre for Fine Particles Processing and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Victoria Wu
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA
| | - Vojka Žunič
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ljiljana Veselinović
- Centre for Fine Particles Processing and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srečo Škapin
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miroslav Miljković
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine University of Niš, Dr. Zoran Đinđić Boulevard 81, 18 000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
| | - Dragan Uskoković
- Centre for Fine Particles Processing and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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14
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The metabolomic signature of hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res 2016; 49:22-35. [PMID: 27526405 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing accumulation of knowledge raises hopes that understanding tumor metabolism will provide new ways for predicting, diagnosing, and even treating cancers. Some metabolic biomarkers are at present routinely utilized to diagnose cancer and metabolic alterations of tumors are being confirmed as therapeutic targets. The growing utilization of metabolomics in clinical research may rapidly turn it into one of the most potent instruments used to detect and fight tumor. In fact, while the current state and trends of high throughput metabolomics profiling focus on the purpose of discovering biomarkers and hunting for metabolic mechanism, a prospective direction, namely reprogramming metabolomics, highlights the way to use metabolomics approach for the aim of treatment of disease by way of reconstruction of disturbed metabolic pathways. In this review, we present an ample summary of the current clinical appliances of metabolomics in hematological malignancies.
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15
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Sonmez E, Cacciatore I, Bakan F, Turkez H, Mohtar YI, Togar B, Stefano AD. Toxicity assessment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in rat liver cell model in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1073-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115619770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) are widely used for preparations of biomedical and biotechnological fields such as drug delivery, gene therapy, and molecular imaging. However, the current toxicological knowledge about HAP NPs is relatively limited. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicity potentials of various concentrations (0–1000 µg cm−2) of HAP NPs in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed via scoring liver micronuclei rates and determining 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that the higher concentrations of dispersed HAP NPs (300, 500, and 1000 µg cm−2) decreased cell viability. Also, HAP NPs increased TOS (500 and 1000 µg cm−2) levels and decreased TAC (300, 500, and 1000 µg cm−2) levels in cultured hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the NPs as depending on dose caused significant increases of the number of micronucleated hepatocytes and 8-OH-dG levels as compared to control culture. Furthermore, the highest concentration of HAP NPs (1000 µg cm−2) exhibited cytotoxic activity. Based on these results, HAP NPs have a dose-dependent toxic effect in rat hepatocytes. Further extensive research in this field is promising and reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sonmez
- Department of Physics, Faculty of K. K. Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - I Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Bakan
- SUNUM, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Turkez
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - YI Mohtar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - AD Stefano
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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16
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Adverse Biological Effect of TiO₂ and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Used in Bone Repair and Replacement. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060798. [PMID: 27231896 PMCID: PMC4926332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse biological effect of nanoparticles is an unavoidable scientific problem because of their small size and high surface activity. In this review, we focus on nano-hydroxyapatite and TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) to clarify the potential systemic toxicological effect and cytotoxic response of wear nanoparticles because they are attractive materials for bone implants and are widely investigated to promote the repair and reconstruction of bone. The wear nanoparticles would be prone to binding with proteins to form protein-particle complexes, to interacting with visible components in the blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, and to being phagocytosed by macrophages or fibroblasts to deposit in the local tissue, leading to the formation of fibrous local pseudocapsules. These particles would also be translocated to and disseminated into the main organs such as the lung, liver and spleen via blood circulation. The inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and signaling pathway are elaborated to analyze the potential toxicological mechanism. Inhibition of the oxidative stress response and signaling transduction may be a new therapeutic strategy for wear debris-mediated osteolysis. Developing biomimetic materials with better biocompatibility is our goal for orthopedic implants.
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17
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Kettenberger U, Luginbuehl V, Procter P, Pioletti DP. In vitro and in vivo investigation of bisphosphonate-loaded hydroxyapatite particles for peri-implant bone augmentation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1974-1985. [PMID: 26549303 DOI: 10.1002/term.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Locally applied bisphosphonates, such as zoledronate, have been shown in several studies to inhibit peri-implant bone resorption and recently to enhance peri-implant bone formation. Studies have also demonstrated positive effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles on peri-implant bone regeneration and an enhancement of the anti-resorptive effect of bisphosphonates in the presence of calcium. In the present study, both hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) and zoledronate were combined to achieve a strong reinforcing effect on peri-implant bone. The nHA-zoledronate combination was first investigated in vitro with a pre-osteoclastic cell assay (RAW 264.7) and then in vivo in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The in vitro study confirmed that the inhibitory effect of zoledronate on murine osteoclast precursor cells was enhanced by loading the drug on nHA. For the in vivo investigation, either zoledronate-loaded or pure nHA were integrated in hyaluronic acid hydrogel. The gels were injected in screw holes that had been predrilled in rat femoral condyles before the insertion of miniature screws. Micro-CT-based dynamic histomorphometry and histology revealed an unexpected rapid mineralization of the hydrogel in vivo through formation of granules, which served as scaffold for new bone formation. The delivery of zoledronate-loaded nHA further inhibited a degradation of the mineralized hydrogel as well as a resorption of the peri-implant bone as effectively as unbound zoledronate. Hyaluronic acid with zoledronate-loaded nHA, thanks to its dual effect on inducing a rapid mineralization and preventing resorption, is a promising versatile material for bone repair and augmentation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kettenberger
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopaedics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Vera Luginbuehl
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Philip Procter
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopaedics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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18
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Surface properties of carbonated and non-carbonated hydroxyapatites obtained after bone calcination at different temperatures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Rotoli BM, Guidi P, Bonelli B, Bernardeschi M, Bianchi MG, Esposito S, Frenzilli G, Lucchesi P, Nigro M, Scarcelli V, Tomatis M, Zanello PP, Fubini B, Bussolati O, Bergamaschi E. Imogolite: An Aluminosilicate Nanotube Endowed with Low Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1142-54. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Guidi
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Unit of Torino Politecnico, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Esposito
- Department
of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giada Frenzilli
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Lucchesi
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nigro
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department
of Chemistry and “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Center
for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Bice Fubini
- Department
of Chemistry and “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Center
for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
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20
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Liu X, Sun J. Potential proinflammatory effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on endothelial cells in a monocyte-endothelial cell coculture model. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1261-73. [PMID: 24648726 PMCID: PMC3956627 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) are used in nanomedicine fields. The delivery of nanomedicine to the bloodstream exposes the cardiovascular system to a potential threat. However, the possible adverse cardiovascular effects of HANPs remain unclear. Current observations using coculture models of endothelial cells and monocytes with HANPs to mimic the complex physiological functionality of the vascular system demonstrate that monocytes could play an important role in the mechanisms of endothelium dysfunction induced by the exposure to HANPs. Our transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that both monocytes and endothelial cells could take up HANPs. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that at a subcytotoxic dose, HANPs alone did not cause direct endothelial cell injury, but they did induce an indirect activation of endothelial cells, resulting in increased interleukin-6 production and elevated adhesion molecule expression after coculture with monocytes. The potential proinflammatory effect of HANPs is largely mediated by the release of soluble factors from the activated monocytes, leading to an inflammatory response of the endothelium, which is possibly dependent on p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling activation. The use of in vitro monocyte–endothelial cell coculture models for the biocompatibility assessment of HANPs could reveal their potential proinflammatory effects on endothelial cells, suggesting that exposure to HANPs possibly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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21
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Matesanz MC, Feito MJ, Oñaderra M, Ramírez-Santillán C, da Casa C, Arcos D, Vallet-Regí M, Rojo JM, Portolés MT. Early in vitro response of macrophages and T lymphocytes to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 416:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Zeng H, Yang H, Liu X, Shi D, Cao B, Du C, Ouyang J, Yu L, Wang Y, Liao H. In vitro effects of differentially shaped hydroxyapatite microparticles on RAW264.7 cell responses. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02995j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We testin vitroeffects of differently shaped hydroxyapatite microparticles on RAW264.7 cell responses, which may provide more understanding towards the potential role of HA wear debris shapesin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zeng
- Department of Anatomy
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Anatomy
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Anatomy
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Cao
- Department of Anatomy
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Anatomy
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Liao
- Department of Anatomy
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou, China
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23
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Prietl B, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Pieber TR, Lanzer G, Fröhlich E. Nano-sized and micro-sized polystyrene particles affect phagocyte function. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 30:1-16. [PMID: 24292270 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adverse effect of nanoparticles may include impairment of phagocyte function. To identify the effect of nanoparticle size on uptake, cytotoxicity, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, nitric oxide production and myeloperoxidase release, leukocytes isolated from human peripheral blood, monocytes and macrophages were studied. Carboxyl polystyrene (CPS) particles in sizes between 20 and 1,000 nm served as model particles. Twenty nanometers CPS particles were taken up passively, while larger CPS particles entered cells actively and passively. Twenty nanometers CPS were cytotoxic to all phagocytes, ≥500 nm CPS particles only to macrophages. Twenty nanometers CPS particles stimulated IL-8 secretion in human monocytes and induced oxidative burst in monocytes. Five hundred nanometers and 1,000 nm CPS particles stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in monocytes and macrophages, chemotaxis towards a chemotactic stimulus of monocytes and phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and provoked an oxidative burst of granulocytes. At very high concentrations, CPS particles of 20 and 500 nm stimulated myeloperoxidase release of granulocytes and nitric oxide generation in macrophages. Cytotoxic effect could contribute to some of the observed effects. In the absence of cytotoxicity, 500 and 1,000 nm CPS particles appear to influence phagocyte function to a greater extent than particles in other sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prietl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
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24
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Iafisco M, Delgado-Lopez JM, Varoni EM, Tampieri A, Rimondini L, Gomez-Morales J, Prat M. Cell surface receptor targeted biomimetic apatite nanocrystals for cancer therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3834-44. [PMID: 23606568 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized drug carriers functionalized with moieties specifically targeting tumor cells are promising tools in cancer therapy, due to their ability to circulate in the bloodstream for longer periods and their selectivity for tumor cells, enabling the sparing of healthy tissues. Because of its biocompatibility, high bioresorbability, and responsiveness to pH changes, synthetic biomimetic nanocrystalline apatites are used as nanocarriers to produce multifunctional nanoparticles, by coupling them with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOXO) and the DO-24 monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the Met/Hepatocyte Growth Factor receptor (Met/HGFR), which is over-expressed on different types of carcinomas and thus represents a useful tumor target. The chemical-physical features of the nanoparticles are fully investigated and their interaction with cells expressing (GTL-16 gastric carcinoma line) or not expressing (NIH-3T3 fibroblasts) the Met/HGFR is analyzed. Functionalized nanoparticles specifically bind to and are internalized in cells expressing the receptor (GTL-16) but not in the ones that do not express it (NIH-3T3). Moreover they discharge DOXO in the targeted GTL-16 cells that reach the nucleus and display cytotoxicity as assessed in an MTT assay. Two different types of ternary nanoparticles are prepared, differing for the sequence of the functionalization steps (adsorption of DOXO first and then mAb or vice versa), and it is found that the ones in which mAb is adsorbed first are more efficient under all the examined aspects (binding, internalization, cytotoxicity), possibly because of a better mAb orientation on the nanoparticle surface. These multifunctional nanoparticles could thus be useful instruments for targeted local or systemic drug delivery, allowing a reduction in the therapeutic dose of the drug and thus adverse side effects. Moreover, this work opens new perspectives in the use of nanocrystalline apatites as a new platform for theranostic applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Iafisco
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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25
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Triboulet S, Aude-Garcia C, Carrière M, Diemer H, Proamer F, Habert A, Chevallet M, Collin-Faure V, Strub JM, Hanau D, Van Dorsselaer A, Herlin-Boime N, Rabilloud T. Molecular responses of mouse macrophages to copper and copper oxide nanoparticles inferred from proteomic analyses. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3108-22. [PMID: 23882024 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular responses of macrophages to copper-based nanoparticles have been investigated via a combination of proteomic and biochemical approaches, using the RAW264.7 cell line as a model. Both metallic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles have been tested, with copper ion and zirconium oxide nanoparticles used as controls. Proteomic analysis highlighted changes in proteins implicated in oxidative stress responses (superoxide dismutases and peroxiredoxins), glutathione biosynthesis, the actomyosin cytoskeleton, and mitochondrial proteins (especially oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits). Validation studies employing functional analyses showed that the increases in glutathione biosynthesis and in mitochondrial complexes observed in the proteomic screen were critical to cell survival upon stress with copper-based nanoparticles; pharmacological inhibition of these two pathways enhanced cell vulnerability to copper-based nanoparticles, but not to copper ions. Furthermore, functional analyses using primary macrophages derived from bone marrow showed a decrease in reduced glutathione levels, a decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and inhibition of phagocytosis and of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production. However, only a fraction of these effects could be obtained with copper ions. In conclusion, this study showed that macrophage functions are significantly altered by copper-based nanoparticles. Also highlighted are the cellular pathways modulated by cells for survival and the exemplified cross-toxicities that can occur between copper-based nanoparticles and pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Triboulet
- Pro-MD team, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR CNRS-CEA-UJF, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 38054, France
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26
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Zhao X, Ong KJ, Ede JD, Stafford JL, Ng KW, Goss GG, Loo SCJ. Evaluating the toxicity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in catfish cells and zebrafish embryos. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1734-1741. [PMID: 22887936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of needle-(nHA-ND) and rod-shaped (nHA-RD) hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles is evaluated in vitro on catfish B-cells (3B11) and catfish T-cells (28s.3) and in vivo on zebrafish embryos to determine if biological effects are similar to the effects seen in mammalian in vitro systems. Neither nHA-ND nor nHA-RD affect cell viability at concentrations of 10 to 300 μg mL(-1) . However, 30 μg mL(-1) needle-shaped nHA lower metabolic activity of the cells. Axial deformations are seen in zebrafish exposed to 300 μg mL(-1) needle shaped nHA after 120 h. For the first time, nHA is reported to cause zebrafish hatching delay. The lowest concentration (3 μg mL(-1) ) of both types of nHA cause the highest hatching inhibition and needle-shaped nHA exposed zebrafish exhibit the lowest hatch at 72 h post fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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27
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Uskoković V, Batarni SS, Schweicher J, King A, Desai TA. Effect of calcium phosphate particle shape and size on their antibacterial and osteogenic activity in the delivery of antibiotics in vitro. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2422-31. [PMID: 23484624 PMCID: PMC3647690 DOI: 10.1021/am4000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Powders composed of four morphologically different calcium phosphate particles were prepared by precipitation from aqueous solutions: flaky, brick-like, elongated orthogonal, and spherical. The particles were then loaded with either clindamycin phosphate as the antibiotic of choice or fluorescein, a model molecule used to assess the drug release properties. A comparison was carried out of the effect of such antibiotic-releasing materials on: sustained drug release profiles; Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition; and osteogenic propensities in vitro. Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of various calcium phosphate phases, including monetite (flaky and elongated orthogonal particles), octacalcium phosphate (brick-shaped particles), and hydroxyapatite (spherical particles). Testing the antibiotic-loaded calcium phosphate powders for bacterial growth inhibition demonstrated satisfying antibacterial properties both in broths and on agar plates. All four calcium-phosphate-fluorescein powders exhibited sustained drug release over 21 days. The calcium phosphate sample with the highest specific surface area and the smallest, spherical particle size was the most effective in both drug loading and release, consequently having the highest antibacterial efficiency. Moreover, the highest cell viability, the largest gene expression upregulation of three different osteogenic markers--osteocalcin, osteopontin, and Runx2--as well as the least disrupted cell cytoskeleton and cell morphologies were also noticed for the calcium phosphate powder composed of the smallest, spherical nanosized particles. Still, all four powders exerted a viable effect on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, as evidenced by both morphological assessments on fluorescently stained cells and measurements of their mitochondrial activity. The obtained results suggest that the nanoscale particle size and the corresponding coarseness of the surface of particle conglomerates as the cell attachment points may present a favorable starting point for the development of calcium-phosphate-based osteogenic drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States.
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Gamal AY, Iacono VJ. Mixed nano/micro-sized calcium phosphate composite and EDTA root surface etching improve availability of graft material in intrabony defects: an in vivo scanning electron microscopy evaluation. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1730-9. [PMID: 23451990 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nanoparticles of graft materials may lead to breakthrough applications for periodontal regeneration. However, due to their small particle size, nanoparticles may be eliminated from periodontal defects by phagocytosis. In an attempt to improve nanoparticle retention in periodontal defects, the present in vivo study uses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the potential of micrograft particles of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to enhance the binding and retention of nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHA) on EDTA-treated and non-treated root surfaces in periodontal defects after 14 days of healing. METHODS Sixty patients having at least two hopeless periodontally affected teeth designated for extraction were randomly divided into four treatment groups (15 patients per group). Patients in group 1 had selected periodontal intrabony defects grafted with nHA of particle size 10 to 100 nm. Patients in group 2 were treated in a similar manner but had the affected roots etched for 2 minutes with a neutral 24% EDTA gel before grafting of the associated vertical defects with nHA. Patients in group 3 had the selected intrabony defects grafted with a composite graft consisting of equal volumes of nHA and β-TCP (particle size 63 to 150 nm). Patients in group 4 were treated as in group 3 but the affected roots were etched with neutral 24% EDTA as in group 2. For each of the four groups, one tooth was extracted immediately, and the second tooth was extracted after 14 days of healing for SEM evaluation. RESULTS Fourteen days after surgery, all group 1 samples were devoid of any nanoparticles adherent to the root surfaces. Group 2 showed root surface areas 44.7% covered by a single layer of clot-blended grafted particles 14 days following graft application. After 14 days, group 3 samples appeared to retain fibrin strands devoid of grafted particles. Immediately extracted root samples of group 4 had adherent graft particles that covered a considerable area of the root surfaces (88.6%). Grafted particles appeared to cover all samples in a multilayered pattern. After 14 days, the group 4 extracted samples showed multilayered fibrin-covered nano/micro-sized graft particles adherent to the root surfaces (78.5%). CONCLUSION The use of a composite graft consisting of nHA and microsized β-TCP after root surface treatment with 24% EDTA may be a suitable method to improve nHA retention in periodontal defects with subsequent graft bioreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Gamal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Jiang Y, Hu W, Lee KC, Wang MH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different solvent fractions from ethanol extract of Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai leaves. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ciobanu CS, Iconaru SL, Pasuk I, Vasile BS, Lupu AR, Hermenean A, Dinischiotu A, Predoi D. Structural properties of silver doped hydroxyapatite and their biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 33:1395-402. [PMID: 23827587 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain a novel hydroxyapatite-based material with high biocompatibility. The structural properties of the samples were well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The X-ray diffraction studies revealed the characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite in each sample. Other phases or impurities were not observed. The scanning electron microscopy observations suggest that the doping components have no influence on the surface morphology of the samples, which reveals a homogeneous aspect of the synthesized particles for all samples. The presence of calcium (Ca), phosphor (P), oxygen (O) and silver (Ag) in the Ag:HAp is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analyses. Nanocrystalline silver doped HAp stimulated viability and potentiated the activation of murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ciobanu
- National Institute Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Bucuresti-Magurele, Romania
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Bordbar A, Mo ML, Nakayasu ES, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Kim YM, Metz TO, Jones MB, Frank BC, Smith RD, Peterson SN, Hyduke DR, Adkins JN, Palsson BO. Model-driven multi-omic data analysis elucidates metabolic immunomodulators of macrophage activation. Mol Syst Biol 2012; 8:558. [PMID: 22735334 PMCID: PMC3397418 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2012.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central players in immune response, manifesting divergent phenotypes to control inflammation and innate immunity through release of cytokines and other signaling factors. Recently, the focus on metabolism has been reemphasized as critical signaling and regulatory pathways of human pathophysiology, ranging from cancer to aging, often converge on metabolic responses. Here, we used genome-scale modeling and multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) analysis to assess metabolic features that are critical for macrophage activation. We constructed a genome-scale metabolic network for the RAW 264.7 cell line to determine metabolic modulators of activation. Metabolites well-known to be associated with immunoactivation (glucose and arginine) and immunosuppression (tryptophan and vitamin D3) were among the most critical effectors. Intracellular metabolic mechanisms were assessed, identifying a suppressive role for de-novo nucleotide synthesis. Finally, underlying metabolic mechanisms of macrophage activation are identified by analyzing multi-omic data obtained from LPS-stimulated RAW cells in the context of our flux-based predictions. Our study demonstrates metabolism's role in regulating activation may be greater than previously anticipated and elucidates underlying connections between activation and metabolic effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarash Bordbar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Monica L Mo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Young-Mo Kim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Bryan C Frank
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel R Hyduke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Ding T, Xue Y, Lu H, Huang Z, Sun J. Effect of particle size of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on its biocompatibility. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2012; 11:336-40. [PMID: 22438516 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2012.2190418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nano-particulate biomaterials have been used in clinical diagnosis and treatment, as drug carrier or in cosmetics because of their excellent performance properties. The toxicity and biocompatibility of nanoparticles (NPs), however, are always a focused concern for a doctor or a scientist. At present, there is almost no systemic evaluation standard or testing methods of safety for nanoparticles. In this study, two kinds of hydroxylapatite, (HAP) NPs with different particle sizes were selected. A number of biocompatibility tests in vivo or in vitro were conducted. They were cytotoxicity (MTT assay), genotoxicity (Ames, Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenesis Assay), and systemic toxicity (Acute and Subacute). The results indicated that, under the concentration of 100 mg/L, both HAP NPs could cause significant inhibition of cell growth. The size of NPs might have close tie with cell response. The mutagenic test in vitro was negative in this study. Histopathological findings showed that both kinds of HAP NPs could induce pseudotubercles in lung. Moreover, smaller size of nanoparticles resulted in a vacuolar degeneration of nephric tubule epithelium at 7 days post-intraveneous injection. The results implied that the size of NPs might play an important role in the biocompatibility of the materials. The kidney might be the main organ of discharge of nanoparticles from body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ding
- Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University/ Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Shanghai 200023, China.
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Bimbo LM, Mäkilä E, Laaksonen T, Lehto VP, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Drug permeation across intestinal epithelial cells using porous silicon nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2625-33. [PMID: 21194747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silicon particles hold great potential in improving the solubility of otherwise poorly soluble drugs. To effectively translate this feature into the clinic, especially via oral or parenteral administration, a thorough understanding of the interactions of the micro- and nanosized material with the physiological environment during the delivery process is required. In the present study, the behaviour of thermally oxidized porous silicon particles of different sizes interacting with Caco-2 cells (both non-differentiated and polarized monolayers) was investigated in order to establish their fate in a model of intestinal epithelial cell barrier. Particle interactions and TNF-α were measured in RAW 264.7 macrophages, while cell viabilities, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels, together with transmission electron microscope images of the polarized monolayers, were assessed with both the Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed a concentration and size dependent influence on cell viability and ROS-, NO- and TNF-α levels. There was no evidence of the porous nanoparticles crossing the Caco-2 cell monolayers, yet increased permeation of the loaded poorly soluble drug, griseofulvin, was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Bimbo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
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Scheel J, Hermann M. Integrated risk assessment of a hydroxyapatite-protein-composite for use in oral care products: a weight-of-evidence case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 59:310-23. [PMID: 21112362 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessment of cosmetic ingredients represents a regulatory standard requirement in Europe and other regions. An integrated approach was designed to assess the safety of HPC, a particulate composite of hydroxyapatite and protein (gelatin) for use in oral care products, employing a weight-of-evidence assessment and considering specific physico-chemical properties and exposure conditions. An initial evaluation of the constituents suggested that their chemical nature does not represent a particular health hazard per se. Hydroxyapatite is the main component of teeth and bones in mammals; gelatin is used in food and assumed to be safe once a BSE/TSE risk has been excluded. In vitro screening tests were chosen to further evaluate the biocompatibility: Hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) to assess irritating effects towards mucous membranes; MTT cytotoxicity test with 3T3 fibroblasts; human corneal epithelial models to investigate inflammatory mediators and cytotoxicity; macrophage assays to measure cytotoxicity, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Together with results from clinical studies, exposure estimates and analyses of kinetic properties, the presented information provides sound evidence to support the safe use of HPC. This is an example of a risk assessment for cosmetic use of small particles without the need for additional animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Scheel
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Corporate Product Safety, Department of Human Safety Assessment, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Shavandi Z, Ghazanfari T, Moghaddam KN. In vitrotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on murine peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:135-40. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.487489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Evaluation of cytotoxic effects and oxidative stress with hydroxyapatite dispersions of different physicochemical properties in rat NR8383 cells and primary macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:520-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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