1
|
Sharma P, Venkatachalam K, Binesh A. Decades Long Involvement of THP-1 Cells as a Model for Macrophage Research: A Comprehensive Review. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:85-104. [PMID: 38676532 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230294413240415054610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have endeavored to identify dependable and reproducible in vitro models for examining macrophage behavior under controlled conditions. The THP-1 cell line has become a significant and widely employed tool in macrophage research within these models. Originating from the peripheral blood of individuals with acute monocytic leukemia, this human monocytic cell line can undergo transformation into macrophage-like cells, closely mirroring primary human macrophages when exposed to stimulants. Macrophages play a vital role in the innate immune system, actively regulating inflammation, responding to infections, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of macrophage biology and function is crucial for gaining insights into immunological responses, tissue healing, and the pathogenesis of diseases such as viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and neoplastic conditions. This review aims to thoroughly evaluate and emphasize the extensive history of THP-1 cells as a model for macrophage research. Additionally, it will delve into the significance of THP-1 cells in advancing our comprehension of macrophage biology and their invaluable contributions to diverse scientific domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Sharma
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaliyamurthi Venkatachalam
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ambika Binesh
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Villanueva-Badenas E, Donato MT, Tolosa L. Mechanistic Understanding of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity Using Co-Cultures of Hepatocytes and Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1315. [PMID: 37507855 PMCID: PMC10376129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity or drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety issue in drug development as a primary reason for drug failure in clinical trials and the main cause for post-marketing regulatory measures like drug withdrawal. Idiosyncratic DILI (iDILI) is a patient-specific, multifactorial, and multicellular process that cannot be recapitulated in current in vitro models; thus, our major goal is to develop and fully characterize a co-culture system and to evaluate its suitability for predicting iDILI. For this purpose, we used human hepatoma HepG2 cells and macrophages differentiated from a monocyte cell line (THP-1) and established the appropriate co-culture conditions for mimicking an inflammatory environment. Then, mono-cultures and co-cultures were treated with model iDILI compounds (trovafloxacin, troglitazone) and their parent non-iDILI compounds (levofloxacin, rosiglitazone), and the effects on viability and the mechanisms implicated (i.e., oxidative stress induction) were analyzed. Our results show that co-culture systems including hepatocytes (HepG2) and other cell types (THP-1-derived macrophages) help to enhance the mechanistic understanding of iDILI, providing better hepatotoxicity predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Villanueva-Badenas
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stern S, Wang H, Sadrieh N. Microphysiological Models for Mechanistic-Based Prediction of Idiosyncratic DILI. Cells 2023; 12:1476. [PMID: 37296597 PMCID: PMC10253021 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major contributor to high attrition rates among candidate and market drugs and a key regulatory, industry, and global health concern. While acute and dose-dependent DILI, namely, intrinsic DILI, is predictable and often reproducible in preclinical models, the nature of idiosyncratic DILI (iDILI) limits its mechanistic understanding due to the complex disease pathogenesis, and recapitulation using in vitro and in vivo models is extremely challenging. However, hepatic inflammation is a key feature of iDILI primarily orchestrated by the innate and adaptive immune system. This review summarizes the in vitro co-culture models that exploit the role of the immune system to investigate iDILI. Particularly, this review focuses on advancements in human-based 3D multicellular models attempting to supplement in vivo models that often lack predictability and display interspecies variations. Exploiting the immune-mediated mechanisms of iDILI, the inclusion of non-parenchymal cells in these hepatoxicity models, namely, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, dendritic cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, introduces heterotypic cell-cell interactions and mimics the hepatic microenvironment. Additionally, drugs recalled from the market in the US between 1996-2010 that were studies in these various models highlight the necessity for further harmonization and comparison of model characteristics. Challenges regarding disease-related endpoints, mimicking 3D architecture with different cell-cell contact, cell source, and the underlying multi-cellular and multi-stage mechanisms are described. It is our belief that progressing our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of iDILI will provide mechanistic clues and a method for drug safety screening to better predict liver injury in clinical trials and post-marketing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Stern
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Nakissa Sadrieh
- Office of New Drugs, Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Søfteland L, Olsvik PA. In vitro toxicity of glyphosate in Atlantic salmon evaluated with a 3D hepatocyte-kidney co-culture model. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113012. [PMID: 35429611 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel 3D Atlantic salmon co-culture model was developed using primary hepatocytes and kidney epithelial cells isolated from the same fish. Mono and co-cultures of primary hepatocytes and kidney epithelial cells were exposed for 48 h to glyphosate (5, 50 and 500 μM). For comparison, cells were also exposed to chlorpyrifos, benzo(a)pyrene and cadmium. Cell staining, cell viability assessments, RT-qPCR and global metabolomic profiling were used to examine the toxicological effects on liver and renal function and to compare responses in 3D and 2D cultures. The 3D hepatocyte cell culture was considered superior to the 2D culture due to the ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (Abcb1) response and was thus used further in co-culture with kidney cells. Metabolomic analysis of co-cultured cells showed that glyphosate exposure (500 μM) altered lipid metabolism in both hepatocytes and kidney cells. Elevated levels of several types of PUFAs and long-chain fatty acids were observed in exposed hepatocytes, owing to increased uptake and phospholipid remodelling. Glyphosate suppressed the expression of estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) and vitellogenin (Vtg) and altered histidine metabolism in exposed hepatocytes. Increased levels of cholesterol and downregulation of clusterin (Clu) suggest that glyphosate treatment affected membrane stability in Atlantic salmon kidney cells. This study demonstrates the usefulness of applying 3D co-culture models in risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Søfteland
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway.
| | - P A Olsvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway; Nord University, Universitetsalléen 11, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Three-dimensional (3D) liver cell models - a tool for bridging the gap between animal studies and clinical trials when screening liver accumulation and toxicity of nanobiomaterials. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2048-2074. [PMID: 35507131 PMCID: PMC9066991 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exciting properties and wide-reaching applications of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) in human health and medicine, their translation from bench to bedside is slow, with a predominant issue being liver accumulation and toxicity following systemic administration. In vitro 2D cell-based assays and in vivo testing are the most popular and widely used methods for assessing liver toxicity at pre-clinical stages; however, these fall short in predicting toxicity for NBMs. Focusing on in vitro and in vivo assessment, the accurate prediction of human-specific hepatotoxicity is still a significant challenge to researchers. This review describes the relationship between NBMs and the liver, and the methods for assessing toxicity, focusing on the limitations they bring in the assessment of NBM hepatotoxicity as one of the reasons defining the poor translation for NBMs. We will then present some of the most recent advances towards the development of more biologically relevant in vitro liver methods based on tissue-mimetic 3D cell models and how these could facilitate the translation of NBMs going forward. Finally, we also discuss the low public acceptance and limited uptake of tissue-mimetic 3D models in pre-clinical assessment, despite the demonstrated technical and ethical advantages associated with them.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tasnim F, Huang X, Lee CZW, Ginhoux F, Yu H. Recent Advances in Models of Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:605392. [PMID: 35295156 PMCID: PMC8915912 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.605392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is a key feature of a variety of liver diseases including drug-induced liver injury (DILI), orchestrated by the innate immune response (Kupffer cells, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells) and the adaptive immune system (T cells and natural killer T cells). In contrast to acute DILI, prediction of immune-mediated DILI (im-DILI) has been more challenging due to complex disease pathogenesis, lack of reliable models and limited knowledge of underlying mechanisms. This review summarizes in vivo and in vitro systems that have been used to model im-DILI. In particular, the review focuses on state-of-the-art in vitro human-based multicellular models which have been developed to supplement the use of in vivo models due to interspecies variation and increasing ethical concerns regarding animal use. Advantages of the co-cultures in maintaining hepatocyte functions and importantly, introducing heterotypic cell-cell interactions to mimic inflammatory hepatic microenvironment are discussed. Challenges regarding cell source and incorporation of different cells with physical cell-cell contact are outlined and potential solutions are proposed. It is likely that better understanding of the interplay of immune cells in liver models will allow for the development of more accurate systems to better predict hepatotoxicity and stratification of drugs that can cause immune-mediated effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Tasnim
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Zhe Wei Lee
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.,T-Labs, Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Groups (CAMP-IRG), Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dirven H, Vist GE, Bandhakavi S, Mehta J, Fitch SE, Pound P, Ram R, Kincaid B, Leenaars CHC, Chen M, Wright RA, Tsaioun K. Performance of preclinical models in predicting drug-induced liver injury in humans: a systematic review. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6403. [PMID: 33737635 PMCID: PMC7973584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) causes one in three market withdrawals due to adverse drug reactions, causing preventable human suffering and massive financial loss. We applied evidence-based methods to investigate the role of preclinical studies in predicting human DILI using two anti-diabetic drugs from the same class, but with different toxicological profiles: troglitazone (withdrawn from US market due to DILI) and rosiglitazone (remains on US market). Evidence Stream 1: A systematic literature review of in vivo studies on rosiglitazone or troglitazone was conducted (PROSPERO registration CRD42018112353). Evidence Stream 2: in vitro data on troglitazone and rosiglitazone were retrieved from the US EPA ToxCast database. Evidence Stream 3: troglitazone- and rosiglitazone-related DILI cases were retrieved from WHO Vigibase. All three evidence stream analyses were conducted according to evidence-based methodologies and performed according to pre-registered protocols. Evidence Stream 1: 9288 references were identified, with 42 studies included in analysis. No reported biomarker for either drug indicated a strong hazard signal in either preclinical animal or human studies. All included studies had substantial limitations, resulting in "low" or "very low" certainty in findings. Evidence Stream 2: Troglitazone was active in twice as many in vitro assays (129) as rosiglitazone (60), indicating a strong signal for more off-target effects. Evidence Stream 3: We observed a fivefold difference in both all adverse events and liver-related adverse events reported, and an eightfold difference in fatalities for troglitazone, compared to rosiglitazone. In summary, published animal and human trials failed to predict troglitazone's potential to cause severe liver injury in a wider patient population, while in vitro data showed marked differences in the two drugs' off-target activities, offering a new paradigm for reducing drug attrition in late development and in the market. This investigation concludes that death and disability due to adverse drug reactions may be prevented if mechanistic information is deployed at early stages of drug development by pharmaceutical companies and is considered by regulators as a part of regulatory submissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn E Vist
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Breanne Kincaid
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Minjun Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | - Robert A Wright
- Basic Science Informationist, Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Study of the l-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Penetration Kinetics and the Efficacy of Phenylalanine Catabolism Correction Using In Vitro Model Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030383. [PMID: 33805682 PMCID: PMC7999051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) penetration into the monolayer of liver cells after its release from capsules was studied. The studies showed the absence of the effect of the capsule shell based on plant hydrocolloids on the absorption of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in systems simulating the liver surface. After 120 min of incubation, in all variants of the experiment, from 87.0 to 96.8% of the enzyme penetrates the monolayer of liver cells. The combined analysis of the results concludes that the developed encapsulated form of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is characterized by high efficiency in correcting the disturbed catabolism of phenylalanine in phenylketonuria, which is confirmed by the results of experiments carried out on in vitro model systems. PAL is approved for the treatment of adult patients with phenylketonuria. The encapsulated l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase form can find therapeutic application in the phenylketonuria treatment after additional in vitro and in vivo studies, in particular, the study of preparation safety indicators. Furthermore, it demonstrated high efficacy in tumor regression and the treatment of tyrosine-related metabolic disorders such as tyrosinemia. Several therapeutically valuable metabolites biosynthesized by PAL via its catalytic action are included in food supplements, antimicrobial peptides, drugs, amino acids, and their derivatives. PAL, with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, is a highly effective medical drug.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of attrition during the early and late stages of drug development and after a drug is marketed. DILI is generally classified as either intrinsic or idiosyncratic. Intrinsic DILI is dose dependent and predictable (e.g., acetaminophen toxicity). However, predicting the occurrence of idiosyncratic DILI, which has a very low incidence and is associated with severe liver damage, is difficult because of its complex nature and the poor understanding of its mechanism. Considering drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, we established experimental animal models of DILI for 14 clinical drugs that cause idiosyncratic DILI in humans, which is characterized by the formation of reactive metabolites and the involvement of both innate and adaptive immunity. On the basis of the biomarker data obtained from the animal models, we developed a cell-based assay system that predicts the potential risks of drugs for inducing DILI. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms of DILI and may help predict and prevent idiosyncratic DILI due to certain drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oda S, Uchida Y, Aleo MD, Koza-Taylor PH, Matsui Y, Hizue M, Marroquin LD, Whritenour J, Uchida E, Yokoi T. An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:149-168. [PMID: 32816093 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preventing clinical drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major challenge, because DILI develops via multifactorial mechanisms. Immune and inflammatory reactions are considered important mechanisms of DILI; however, biomarkers from in vitro systems using immune cells have not been comprehensively studied. The aims of this study were (1) to identify promising biomarker genes for predicting DILI in an in vitro coculture model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a human liver cell line, and (2) to evaluate these genes as predictors of DILI using a panel of drugs with different clinical DILI risk. Transcriptome-wide analysis of PBMCs cocultured with HepG2 or differentiated HepaRG cells that were treated with several drugs revealed an appropriate separation of DILI-positive and DILI-negative drugs, from which 12 putative biomarker genes were selected. To evaluate the predictive performance of these genes, PBMCs cocultured with HepG2 cells were exposed to 77 different drugs, and gene expression levels in PBMCs were determined. The MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) showed the highest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.81 among the 12 genes with a high sensitivity/specificity (85/66%). However, a stepwise logistic regression model using the 12 identified genes showed the highest AUC value of 0.94 with a high sensitivity/specificity (93/86%). Taken together, we established a coculture system using PBMCs and HepG2 cells and selected biomarkers that can predict DILI risk. The established model would be useful in detecting the DILI potential of compounds, in particular those that involve an immune mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Oda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuka Uchida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michael D Aleo
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
- TOXinsights LLC, East Lyme, CT, USA
| | | | - Yusuke Matsui
- Laboratory of Intelligence Healthcare, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Hizue
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa D Marroquin
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Eri Uchida
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Busche M, Tomilova O, Schütte J, Werner S, Beer M, Groll N, Hagmeyer B, Pawlak M, Jones PD, Schmees C, Becker H, Schnabel J, Gall K, Hemmler R, Matz-Soja M, Damm G, Beuck S, Klaassen T, Moer J, Ullrich A, Runge D, Schenke-Layland K, Gebhardt R, Stelzle M. HepaChip-MP - a twenty-four chamber microplate for a continuously perfused liver coculture model. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2911-2926. [PMID: 32662810 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
HepaChip microplate (HepaChip-MP) is a microfluidic platform comprised of 24 independent culture chambers with continuous, unidirectional perfusion. In the HepaChip-MP, an automated dielectrophoresis process selectively assembles viable cells into elongated micro tissues. Freshly isolated primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and primary human liver endothelial cells (HuLEC) were successfully assembled as cocultures aiming to mimic the liver sinusoid. Minimal quantities of primary human cells are required to establish micro tissues in the HepaChip-MP. Metabolic function including induction of CYP enzymes in PHH was successfully measured demonstrating a high degree of metabolic activity of cells in HepaChip-MP cultures and sufficient sensitivity of LC-MS analysis even for the relatively small number of cells per chamber. Further, parallelization realized in HepaChip-MP enabled the acquisition of dose-response toxicity data of diclofenac with a single device. Several unique technical features should enable a widespread application of this in vitro model. We have demonstrated fully automated preparation of cell cultures in HepaChip-MP using a pipetting robot. The tubeless unidirectional perfusion system based on gravity-driven flow can be operated within a standard incubator system. Overall, the system readily integrates in workflows common in cell culture labs. Further research will be directed towards optimization of media composition to further extend culture lifetime and study oxygen gradients and their effect on zonation within the sinusoid-like microorgans. In summary, we have established a novel parallelized and scalable microfluidic in vitro liver model showing hepatocyte function and anticipate future in-depth studies of liver biology and applications in pre-clinical drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Busche
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Olena Tomilova
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Schütte
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Simon Werner
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Meike Beer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Nicola Groll
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Britta Hagmeyer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Pawlak
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Peter D Jones
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Section of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology, Pneumology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon Beuck
- A & M Labor fuer Analytik und Metabolismusforschung Service GmbH, Bergheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Klaassen
- A & M Labor fuer Analytik und Metabolismusforschung Service GmbH, Bergheim, Germany
| | - Jana Moer
- PRIMACYT Cell Culture Technology GmbH, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Anett Ullrich
- PRIMACYT Cell Culture Technology GmbH, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Dieter Runge
- PRIMACYT Cell Culture Technology GmbH, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany. and Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany and Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany and Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Section of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology, Pneumology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany and InViSys-Tübingen GbR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Stelzle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sasserath T, Rumsey JW, McAleer CW, Bridges LR, Long CJ, Elbrecht D, Schuler F, Roth A, Bertinetti‐LaPatki C, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Differential Monocyte Actuation in a Three-Organ Functional Innate Immune System-on-a-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000323. [PMID: 32670763 PMCID: PMC7341107 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A functional, human, multiorgan, pumpless, immune system-on-a-chip featuring recirculating THP-1 immune cells with cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, and liver in separate compartments in a serum-free medium is developed. This in vitro platform can emulate both a targeted immune response to tissue-specific damage, and holistic proinflammatory immune response to proinflammatory compound exposure. The targeted response features fluorescently labeled THP-1 monocytes selectively infiltrating into an amiodarone-damaged cardiac module and changes in contractile force measurements without immune-activated damage to the other organ modules. In contrast to the targeted immune response, general proinflammatory treatment of immune human-on-a-chip systems with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) causes nonselective damage to cells in all three-organ compartments. Biomarker analysis indicates upregulation of the proinflammation cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MIP-1, MCP-1, and RANTES in response to LPS + IFN-γ treatment indicative of the M1 macrophage phenotype, whereas amiodarone treatment only leads to an increase in the restorative cytokine IL-6 which is a marker for the M2 phenotype. This system can be used as an alternative to humanized animal models to determine direct immunological effects of biological therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies, and the indirect effects caused by cytokine release from target tissues in response to a drug's pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | - John W. Rumsey
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Elbrecht
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | - Franz Schuler
- Hoffmann‐La RochePharmaceuticals DivisionBldg 73, Rm 117bBasel4070Switzerland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Hoffmann‐La RochePharmaceuticals DivisionBldg 73, Rm 117bBasel4070Switzerland
| | | | | | - James J. Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400OrlandoFL32826USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hernandez-Sanabria E, Heiremans E, Calatayud Arroyo M, Props R, Leclercq L, Snoeys J, Van de Wiele T. Short-term supplementation of celecoxib-shifted butyrate production on a simulated model of the gut microbial ecosystem and ameliorated in vitro inflammation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:9. [PMID: 32075981 PMCID: PMC7031363 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib has been effective in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders through inhibition of altered cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways. Despite the benefits, continuous administration may increase risk of cardiovascular events. Understanding microbiome-drug-host interactions is fundamental for improving drug disposition and safety responses of colon-targeted formulations, but little information is available on the bidirectional interaction between individual microbiomes and celecoxib. Here, we conducted in vitro batch incubations of human faecal microbiota to obtain a mechanistic proof-of-concept of the short-term impact of celecoxib on activity and composition of colon bacterial communities. Celecoxib-exposed microbiota shifted metabolic activity and community composition, whereas total transcriptionally active bacterial population was not significantly changed. Butyrate production decreased by 50% in a donor-dependent manner, suggesting that celecoxib impacts in vitro fermentation. Microbiota-derived acetate has been associated with inhibition of cancer markers and our results suggest uptake of acetate for bacterial functions when celecoxib was supplied, which potentially favoured bacterial competition for acetyl-CoA. We further assessed whether colon microbiota modulates anti-inflammatory efficacy of celecoxib using a simplified inflammation model, and a novel in vitro simulation of the enterohepatic metabolism. Celecoxib was responsible for only 5% of the variance in bacterial community composition but celecoxib-exposed microbiota preserved barrier function and decreased concentrations of IL-8 and CXCL16 in a donor-dependent manner in our two models simulating gut inflammatory milieu. Our results suggest that celecoxib-microbiome-host interactions may not only elicit adaptations in community composition but also in microbiota functionality, and these may need to be considered for guaranteeing efficient COX-2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Heiremans
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Calatayud Arroyo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Props
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Antwerp, 2340, Belgium
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Antwerp, 2340, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramaiahgari SC, Waidyanatha S, Dixon D, DeVito MJ, Paules RS, Ferguson SS. From the Cover: Three-Dimensional (3D) HepaRG Spheroid Model With Physiologically Relevant Xenobiotic Metabolism Competence and Hepatocyte Functionality for Liver Toxicity Screening. Toxicol Sci 2018. [PMID: 28633424 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective prediction of human responses to chemical and drug exposure is of critical importance in environmental toxicology research and drug development. While significant progress has been made to address this challenge using invitro liver models, these approaches often fail due to inadequate tissue model functionality. Herein, we describe the development, optimization, and characterization of a novel three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model using differentiated HepaRG cells that achieve and maintain physiologically relevant levels of xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4/5). This invitro model maintains a stable phenotype over multiple weeks in both 96- and 384-well formats, supports highly reproducible tissue-like architectures and models pharmacologically- and environmentally important hepatic receptor pathways (ie AhR, CAR, and PXR) analogous to primary human hepatocyte cultures. HepaRG spheroid cultures use 50-100× fewer cells than conventional two dimensional cultures, and enable the identification of metabolically activated toxicants. Spheroid size, time in culture and culture media composition were important factors affecting basal levels of xenobiotic metabolism and liver enzyme inducibility with activators of hepatic receptors AhR, CAR and PXR. Repeated exposure studies showed higher sensitivity than traditional 2D cultures in identifying compounds that cause liver injury and metabolism-dependent toxicity. This platform combines the well-documented impact of 3D culture configuration for improved tissue functionality and longevity with the requisite throughput and repeatability needed for year-over-year toxicology screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasa C Ramaiahgari
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Michael J DeVito
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Richard S Paules
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith MC, Gheux A, Coton M, Madec S, Hymery N, Coton E. In vitro co-culture models to evaluate acute cytotoxicity of individual and combined mycotoxin exposures on Caco-2, THP-1 and HepaRG human cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 281:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
16
|
Kim DE, Jang MJ, Kim YR, Lee JY, Cho EB, Kim E, Kim Y, Kim MY, Jeong WI, Kim S, Han YM, Lee SH. Prediction of drug-induced immune-mediated hepatotoxicity using hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Toxicology 2017. [PMID: 28645575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of liver disease and a key safety factor during drug development. In addition to the initiation events of drug-specific hepatotoxicity, dysregulated immune responses have been proposed as major pathological events of DILI. Thus, there is a need for a reliable cell culture model with which to assess drug-induced immune reactions to predict hepatotoxicity for drug development. To this end, stem cell-derived hepatocytes have shown great potentials. Here we report that hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hES-HLCs) can be used to evaluate drug-induced hepatotoxic immunological events. Treatment with acetaminophen significantly elevated the levels of inflammatory cytokines by hES-HLCs. Moreover, three human immune cell lines, Jurkat, THP-1, and NK92MI, were activated when cultured in conditioned medium obtained from acetaminophen-treated hES-HLCs. To further validate, we tested thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, antidiabetic drugs, including troglitazone withdrawn from the market because of severe idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity. We found that TZD drug treatment to hES-HLCs resulted in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eventually associated immune cell activation. In summary, our study demonstrates for the first time the potential of hES-HLCs as an in vitro model system for assessment of drug-induced as well as immune-mediated hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Eon Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Eun Byul Cho
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Granitzny A, Knebel J, Müller M, Braun A, Steinberg P, Dasenbrock C, Hansen T. Evaluation of a human in vitro hepatocyte-NPC co-culture model for the prediction of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: A pilot study. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:89-103. [PMID: 28959630 PMCID: PMC5615103 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-cultures of liver and immune cells can be used to detect iDILI compounds. Pro-inflammatory factors are involved in the development of iDILI. The co-exposure of a drug candidate with TNF might be sufficient to predict iDILI.
Interactions between hepatocytes and immune cells as well as inflammatory episodes are frequently discussed to play a critical role in the alteration of the individual susceptibility to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI). To evaluate this hypothesis and to face the urgent need for predictive in vitro models, we established two co-culture systems based on two human cell lines in presence or absence of pro-inflammatory factors (LPS, TNF), i.e. hepatoma HepG2 cells co-cultured with monocytic or macrophage-like THP-1 cells. HepG2 monocultures served as control scenario. Mono- or co-cultures were treated with iDILI reference substances (Troglitazone [TGZ], Trovafloxacin [TVX], Diclofenac [DcL], Ketoconazole [KC]) or their non-iDILI partner compounds (Rosiglitazone, Levofloxacin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Fluconazole). The liver cell viability was subsequently determined via WST-Assay. An enhanced cytotoxicity (synergy) or a hormetic response compared to the drug effect in the HepG2 monoculture was considered as iDILI positive. TGZ synergized in co-cultures with monocytes without an additional pro-inflammatory stimulus, while DcL and KC showed a hormetic response. All iDILI drugs synergized with TNF in the simple HepG2 monoculture, indicating its relevance as an initiator of iDILI. KC showed a synergy when co-exposed to both, monocytes and LPS, while TVX and DcL showed a synergy under the same conditions with macrophages. All described iDILI responses were not observed with the corresponding non-iDILI partner compounds. Our first results confirm that an inflammatory environment increases the sensitivity of liver cells towards iDILI compounds and point to an involvement of pro-inflammatory factors, especially TNF, in the development of iDILI.
Collapse
Key Words
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- Co-culture model
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- Drug-induced liver injury
- EC, effective concentration
- EpCAM, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule
- HSP, heat shock protein
- Idiosyncratic
- Inflammation
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LPS, bacterial lipopolysaccharide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NPC, non-parenchymal cell
- NSAID, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- Preclinical research
- SD, standard deviation
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- iDILI, idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Granitzny
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Knebel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo), Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Dasenbrock
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Hansen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of In vitro and Mechanistic Toxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM)Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1Hannover30625Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zuppinger C. Edge-Detection for Contractility Measurements with Cardiac Spheroids. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6661-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
19
|
Characterization of chemical-induced sterile inflammation in vitro: application of the model compound ketoconazole in a human hepatic co-culture system. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:799-810. [PMID: 26965496 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liver injury as a result of a sterile inflammation is closely linked to the activation of immune cells, including macrophages, by damaged hepatocytes. This interaction between immune cells and hepatocytes is as yet not considered in any of the in vitro test systems applied during the generation of new drugs. Here, we established and characterized a novel in vitro co-culture model with two human cell lines, HepG2 and differentiated THP-1. Ketoconazole, an antifungal drug known for its hepatotoxicity, was used as a model compound in the testing of the co-culture. Single cultures of HepG2 and THP-1 cells were studied as controls. Different metabolism patterns of ketoconazole were observed for the single and co-culture incubations as well as for the different cell types. The main metabolite N-deacetyl ketoconazole was found in cell pellets, but not in supernatants of cell cultures. Global proteome analysis showed that the NRF2-mediated stress response and the CXCL8 (IL-8) pathway were induced by ketoconazole treatment under co-culture conditions. The upregulation and ketoconazole-induced secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CXCL8, TNF-α and CCL3, was observed in the co-culture system only, but not in single cell cultures. Taking together, we provide evidence that the co-culture model applied might be suitable to serve as tool for the prediction of chemical-induced sterile inflammation in liver tissue in vivo.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zuppinger C. 3D culture for cardiac cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1873-81. [PMID: 26658163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses historical milestones, recent developments and challenges in the area of 3D culture models with cardiovascular cell types. Expectations in this area have been raised in recent years, but more relevant in vitro research, more accurate drug testing results, reliable disease models and insights leading to bioartificial organs are expected from the transition to 3D cell culture. However, the construction of organ-like cardiac 3D models currently remains a difficult challenge. The heart consists of highly differentiated cells in an intricate arrangement.Furthermore, electrical “wiring”, a vascular system and multiple cell types act in concert to respond to the rapidly changing demands of the body. Although cardiovascular 3D culture models have been predominantly developed for regenerative medicine in the past, their use in drug screening and for disease models has become more popular recently. Many sophisticated 3D culture models are currently being developed in this dynamic area of life science. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zuppinger
- Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, MEM G803b, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khetani SR, Berger DR, Ballinger KR, Davidson MD, Lin C, Ware BR. Microengineered liver tissues for drug testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:216-50. [PMID: 25617027 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214566939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of drug attrition. Significant and well-documented differences between animals and humans in liver pathways now necessitate the use of human-relevant in vitro liver models for testing new chemical entities during preclinical drug development. Consequently, several human liver models with various levels of in vivo-like complexity have been developed for assessment of drug metabolism, toxicity, and efficacy on liver diseases. Recent trends leverage engineering tools, such as those adapted from the semiconductor industry, to enable precise control over the microenvironment of liver cells and to allow for miniaturization into formats amenable for higher throughput drug screening. Integration of liver models into organs-on-a-chip devices, permitting crosstalk between tissue types, is actively being pursued to obtain a systems-level understanding of drug effects. Here, we review the major trends, challenges, and opportunities associated with development and implementation of engineered liver models created from primary cells, cell lines, and stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. We also present key applications where such models are currently making an impact and highlight areas for improvement. In the future, engineered liver models will prove useful for selecting drugs that are efficacious, safer, and, in some cases, personalized for specific patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman R Khetani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dustin R Berger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly R Ballinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christine Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brenton R Ware
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chanput W, Mes JJ, Wichers HJ. THP-1 cell line: An in vitro cell model for immune modulation approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
23
|
Gunness P, Mueller D, Shevchenko V, Heinzle E, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Noor F. 3D organotypic cultures of human HepaRG cells: a tool for in vitro toxicity studies. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:67-78. [PMID: 23377618 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced human hepatotoxicity is difficult to predict using the current in vitro systems. In this study, long-term 3D organotypic cultures of the human hepatoma HepaRG cell line were prepared using a high-throughput hanging drop method. The organotypic cultures were maintained for 3 weeks and assessed for (1) liver specific functions, including phase I enzyme and transporter activities, (2) expression of liver-specific proteins, and (3) responses to three drugs (acetaminophen, troglitazone, and rosiglitazone). Our results show that the organotypic cultures maintain high liver-specific functionality during 3 weeks of culture. The immunohistochemistry analyses illustrate that the organotypic cultures express liver-specific markers such as albumin, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, and MRP-2 throughout the cultivation period. Accordingly, the production rates of albumin and glucose, as well as CYP2E1 activity, were significantly higher in the 3D versus the 2D cultures. Toxicity studies show that the organotypic cultures are more sensitive to acetaminophen- and rosiglitazone-induced toxicity but less sensitive to troglitazone-induced toxicity than the 2D cultures. Furthermore, the EC50 value (2.7mM) for acetaminophen on the 3D cultures was similar to in vivo toxicity. In summary, the results from our study suggest that the 3D organotypic HepaRG culture is a promising in vitro tool for more accurate assessment of acute and also possibly for chronic drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrina Gunness
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Adverse drug events (ADEs) remain a universal problem in drug development, regulatory review, and clinical practice with a substantial financial burden on the global health-care system. Recent advances in molecular and "omics" technologies, along with online databases and bioinformatics, have enabled a more integrative approach to understanding drug-target (protein) interactions, both desirable and undesirable, within a biological system. This has led to the development of systems approaches to risk assessment in an attempt to complement and improve on contemporary observational and predictive strategies for assessing risk. Although still in an evolutionary phase, systems approaches have the potential to markedly advance our understanding of ADEs and ability to predict them. Systems approaches will also move personalized medicine forward by enabling better identification of individual and subgroup risk factors.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bai JP, Abernethy DR. Systems Pharmacology to Predict Drug Toxicity: Integration Across Levels of Biological Organization. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:451-73. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane P.F. Bai
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993;
| | - Darrell R. Abernethy
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
LeCluyse EL, Witek RP, Andersen ME, Powers MJ. Organotypic liver culture models: meeting current challenges in toxicity testing. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:501-48. [PMID: 22582993 PMCID: PMC3423873 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.682115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in humans from in vitro data continues to be a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Generally, conventional in vitro hepatic model systems (i.e. 2-D static monocultures of primary or immortalized hepatocytes) are limited by their inability to maintain histotypic and phenotypic characteristics over time in culture, including stable expression of clearance and bioactivation pathways, as well as complex adaptive responses to chemical exposure. These systems are less than ideal for longer-term toxicity evaluations and elucidation of key cellular and molecular events involved in primary and secondary adaptation to chemical exposure, or for identification of important mediators of inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis. Progress in implementing a more effective strategy for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and human risk assessment depends on significant advances in tissue culture technology and increasing their level of biological complexity. This article describes the current and ongoing need for more relevant, organotypic in vitro surrogate systems of human liver and recent efforts to recreate the multicellular architecture and hemodynamic properties of the liver using novel culture platforms. As these systems become more widely used for chemical and drug toxicity testing, there will be a corresponding need to establish standardized testing conditions, endpoint analyses and acceptance criteria. In the future, a balanced approach between sample throughput and biological relevance should provide better in vitro tools that are complementary with animal testing and assist in conducting more predictive human risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward L LeCluyse
- The Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dash A, Blackman BR, Wamhoff BR. Organotypic systems in drug metabolism and toxicity: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:999-1014. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.693161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
28
|
Endo S, Toyoda Y, Fukami T, Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Stimulation of Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells by Metabolic Activation of Hepatotoxic Drugs. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:621-30. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Antolino-Lobo I, Meulenbelt J, van den Berg M, van Duursen MB. A mechanistic insight into 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”)-mediated hepatotoxicity. Vet Q 2011; 31:193-205. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.642534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
30
|
Manolopoulos VG, Ragia G, Tavridou A. Pharmacogenomics of oral antidiabetic medications: current data and pharmacoepigenomic perspective. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:1161-91. [PMID: 21843065 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent disease. Several classes of drugs are currently available to treat T2DM patients; however, clinical response to these drugs often exhibits significant variation among individuals. For the oral antidiabetic drug classes of sulfonylureas, nonsulfonylurea insulin secretagogs, biguanides and thiazolidinediones, pharmacogenomic evidence has accumulated demonstrating an association between specific gene polymorphisms and interindividual variability in their therapeutic and adverse reaction effects. These polymorphisms are in genes of molecules involved in metabolism, transport and therapeutic mechanisms of the aforementioned drugs. Overall, it appears that pharmacogenomics has the potential to improve the management of T2DM and help clinicians in the effective prescribing of oral antidiabetic medications. Although pharmacogenomics can explain some of the heterogeneity in dose requirements, response and incidence of adverse effects of drugs between individuals, it is now clearly understood that much of the diversity in drug effects cannot be solely explained by studying the genomic diversity. Epigenomics, the field that focuses on nongenomic modifications that influence gene expression, may expand the scope of pharmacogenomics towards optimization of drug therapy. Therefore, pharmacoepigenomics, the combined analysis of genetic variations and epigenetic modifications, holds promise for the realization of personalized medicine. Although pharmacoepigenomics has so far been evaluated mainly in cancer pharmacotherapy, studies on epigenomic modifications during T2DM development provide useful data on the potential of pharmacoepigenomics to elucidate the mechanisms underlying interindividual response to oral antidiabetic treatment. In summary, the present article focuses on available data from pharmacogenomic studies of oral antidiabetic drugs and also provides an overview of T2DM epigenomic research, which has the potential to boost the development of pharmacoepigenomics in antidiabetic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis G Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Development of a co-culture model for in vitro toxicological studies in Atlantic salmon. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
32
|
Altomare E, Fallarini S, Battaglini CO, Mossotti M, Panza L, Lombardi G. Synthetic isoforms of endogenous sulfatides differently modulate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in antigen presenting cells. Life Sci 2011; 89:176-81. [PMID: 21683717 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether sulfatides modulate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)1, a fine-tuned enzymatic mechanism for controlling immune responses, gene expression/function in antigen presenting cells (APC). The relationship between structure and activity (SAR) of newly synthesized sulfatide isoforms (C16:0, C18:0, C22:0, C24:1) was also evaluated. MAIN METHODS CD1d-transfected THP-1 human cells were used as APC and treated with increasing concentrations (0.01-10μΜ) of each compound for an appropriate period of time. The gene expression and the enzymatic activity of IDO1 were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compound-untreated cells were taken as negative, while 1000U/ml interferon (IFN)-γ-treated cells as positive controls. KEY FINDINGS Not all sulfatides induced the same effect: the basal IDO1 expression was significantly reduced (-48 ± 3% at 0.01μΜ) by C16:0 sulfatide, while it was increased by C18:0 or C24:1 sulfatide (+87 ± 7% and +50 ± 5% at 1μΜ, respectively) over negative controls; C22:0 sulfatide resulted ineffective at all concentrations tested. These effects functionally correlated with changes in IDO1 activity: l-kynurenine contents in the culture media were significantly reduced by C16:0 sulfatide (-29 ± 4% at 0.01μM), while it was increased by C18:0 or C24:1 sulfatide (+61 ± 8% and +48 ± 4% at 1μM, respectively) over negative controls. C22:0 sulfatide resulted ineffective at all concentration tested. SIGNIFICANCE The overall data demonstrate that specific sulfatide isoforms differently modulate IDO1 in APC. The sulfatide-induced effects are structurally dependent on the length/saturation of their fatty acid chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Altomare
- DISCAFF, University of “Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Giovanni Bovio, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zeilinger K, Schreiter T, Darnell M, Söderdahl T, Lübberstedt M, Dillner B, Knobeloch D, Nüssler AK, Gerlach JC, Andersson TB. Scaling down of a clinical three-dimensional perfusion multicompartment hollow fiber liver bioreactor developed for extracorporeal liver support to an analytical scale device useful for hepatic pharmacological in vitro studies. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:549-56. [PMID: 21210724 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the scope of developing an in vitro culture model for pharmacological research on human liver functions, a three-dimensional multicompartment hollow fiber bioreactor proven to function as a clinical extracorporeal liver support system was scaled down in two steps from 800 mL to 8 mL and 2 mL bioreactors. Primary human liver cells cultured over 14 days in 800, 8, or 2 mL bioreactors exhibited comparable time-course profiles for most of the metabolic parameters in the different bioreactor size variants. Major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 activities analyzed in the 2 mL bioreactor were preserved over up to 23 days. Immunohistochemical studies revealed tissue-like structures of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in the miniaturized bioreactor, indicating physiological reorganization of the cells. Moreover, the canalicular transporters multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2, multidrug-resistance protein 1 (P-glycoprotein), and breast cancer resistance protein showed a similar distribution pattern to that found in human liver tissue. In conclusion, the down-scaled multicompartment hollow fiber technology allows stable maintenance of primary human liver cells and provides an innovative tool for pharmacological and kinetic studies of hepatic functions with small cell numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zeilinger
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gene Expression Changes Induced by PPAR Gamma Agonists in Animal and Human Liver. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:325183. [PMID: 20981297 PMCID: PMC2963138 DOI: 10.1155/2010/325183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are a class of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists that reduce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Although no detectable hepatic toxicity has been evidenced in animal studies during preclinical trials, these molecules have nevertheless induced hepatic adverse effects in some treated patients. The mechanism(s) of hepatotoxicity remains equivocal. Several studies have been conducted using PCR analysis and microarray technology to identify possible target genes and here we review the data obtained from various in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Although PPARγ is expressed at a much lower level in liver than in adipose tissue, PPARγ agonists exert various PPARγ-dependent effects in liver in addition to PPARγ-independent effects. Differences in effects are dependent on the choice of agonist and experimental conditions in rodent animal studies and in rodent and human liver cell cultures. These effects are much more pronounced in obese and diabetic liver. Moreover, our own recent studies have shown major interindividual variability in the response of primary human hepatocyte populations to troglitazone treatment, supporting the occurrence of hepatotoxicity in only some individuals.
Collapse
|
35
|
Stimulation of pro-inflammatory responses by mebendazole in human monocytic THP-1 cells through an ERK signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
36
|
Terbinafine stimulates the pro-inflammatory responses in human monocytic THP-1 cells through an ERK signaling pathway. Life Sci 2010; 87:537-44. [PMID: 20816994 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oral antifungal terbinafine has been reported to cause liver injury with inflammatory responses in a small percentage of patients. However the underlying mechanism remains unknown. To examine the inflammatory reactions, we investigated whether terbinafine and other antifungal drugs increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines using human monocytic cells. MAIN METHODS Dose- and time-dependent changes in the mRNA expression levels and the release of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α from human monocytic THP-1 and HL-60 cells with antifungal drugs were measured. Effects of terbinafine on the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 were investigated. KEY FINDINGS The release of IL-8 and TNFα from THP-1 and HL-60 cells was significantly increased by treatment with terbinafine but not by fluconazole, suggesting that terbinafine can stimulate monocytes and increase the pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Terbinafine also significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase in THP-1 cells. Pretreatment with a MAP kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor U0126 significantly suppressed the increase of IL-8 and TNFα levels by terbinafine treatment in THP-1 cells, but p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 did not. These results suggested that an ERK1/2 pathway plays an important role in the release of IL-8 and TNFα in THP-1 cells treated with terbinafine. SIGNIFICANCE The release of inflammatory mediators by terbinafine might be one of the mechanisms underlying immune-mediated liver injury. This in vitro method may be useful to predict adverse inflammatory reactions that lead to drug-induced liver injury.
Collapse
|