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Dugbartey GJ, Atule S, Alornyo KK, Adams I. Hepatoprotective potential of alpha-lipoic acid against gliclazide-induced liver injury in high-glucose-exposed human liver cells and experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116447. [PMID: 39038553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Growing clinical evidence shows that sulfonylurea therapy for patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) contributes to progressive worsening of their liver. The present study presents hepatotoxicity induced by gliclazide, a second-generation sulfonylurea, and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) as a novel and promising drug for T2DM treatment. Normal human liver cells (HL-7702) were incubated with high-glucose DMEM in the presence or absence of gliclazide and ALA for 72 h, and cell viability and death were measured by flow cytometry. Next, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 12 h of fasting, and fasting blood glucose was measured. The rats were randomized into four groups: HC (healthy control; n = 7), T2DM (diabetic rats without treatment; n = 9), GLC (diabetic rats with 15 mg/kg gliclazide treatment; n = 7) and GLC+ALA (diabetic rats with gliclazide and 60 mg/kg ALA treatment; n = 7). T2DM was induced by a bolus administration of 110 mg/kg nicotinamide and 55 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The experimental protocol lasted for 6 weeks after which the animals were sacrificed and pancreas, liver and blood samples were collected for biochemical, histological and molecular analyses. Compared to healthy control (HC) group, exposure of HL-7702 cells to high glucose induced significant cell death by 19 % (p < 0.001), which was exacerbated with gliclazide treatment by 29 % (p < 0.0001) but markedly reduced by 6 % to near HC value following ALA treatment. In vivo, GLC-treated rats had severe liver damage characterized by increased hepatocellular vacuolation, and significant expression of ED-1, iNOS and caspase-3 as well as markedly high levels of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase compared to T2DM rats. Interestingly, ALA administration prevented these pathological changes and protected the diabetic liver to levels comparable to HC rats. ALA showed hepatoprotective effect against gliclazide-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis while activating antioxidant pathway in the diabetic liver. Abbreviations: ALA, Alpha-lipoic acid; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; AMPK, Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FBG, Fasting blood glucose; FBS, Fetal bovine serum; GLC, Gliclazide; GLUT4, Glucose transporter type 4; GSH, Glutathione; H&E, Hematoxylin/Eosin; HbA1c, Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c; HC, Healthy control; HG, Hyperglycemic group; HOMA-β, Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; IL-1β, Interleukin-1β; IL-6, Interleukin-6; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase; KATP, ATP-dependent potassium channels; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MPTP, Mitochondrial permeability transition pore; NO, Nitric oxide; P/S, Penicillin/streptomycin; PAS, Periodic acid-Schiff; RIA, Radioimmunoassay; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Stephen Atule
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ismaila Adams
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
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Qin P, Zhou P, Huang Y, Long B, Gao R, Zhang S, Zhu B, Li YQ, Li Q. Upregulation of rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol metabolism by PKCδ mediates endothelial apoptosis in diabetic wound healing. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:263. [PMID: 38811564 PMCID: PMC11137154 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a prevalent complication of diabetes that poses significant challenges in terms of treatment and management. It is characterized by heightened endothelial apoptosis and impaired angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) in regulating endothelial apoptosis in diabetic wounds by promoting cholesterol biosynthesis. The expression of PKCδ was increased in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultivated in high glucose medium and skin tissue isolated from diabetic mice. High glucose-induced HUVECs apoptosis was reduced by PKCδ inhibition with siRNA or rottlerin. RNA-seq identified two enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), as the downstream of PKCδ. PKCδ knockdown or inhibition suppressed the expression of HMGCS1 and HMGCR and lowered free cholesterol (FC) levels. Cholesterol restored high glucose-induced apoptosis in siRNA- or rottlerin-treated HUVECs. In vivo use of rosuvastatin calcium, an inhibitor of HMGCR, downregulated free cholesterol levels and accelerated the wound healing process. In conclusion, PKCδ expression in endothelial cells was activated by high glucose, which subsequently upregulates the expression of two enzymes catalyzing cholesterol biosynthesis, HMGCS1 and HMGCR. Enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis raises free cholesterol levels, promotes endothelial apoptosis, and finally delays wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yating Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Binbin Long
- General Surgery Department, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruikang Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingjie Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Qing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Tshivhase AM, Matsha T, Raghubeer S. The protective role of resveratrol against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3574-3584. [PMID: 38726423 PMCID: PMC11077230 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High glucose concentrations result in oxidative stress, leading to damage of cellular constituents like DNA, proteins, and lipids, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects on diabetes. This study investigated the influence of high glucose (HG) on HepG2 cells and assessed resveratrol's effect on high-glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. HepG2 cells were cultured for 48 and 72 h with high glucose (40 mM), low resveratrol (25 μM), high resveratrol (50 μM), high glucose + low resveratrol, and high glucose + high resveratrol. After exposure, oxidative and apoptosis-related gene expression was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured using the supernatant. In HepG2 cells cultured with high glucose, all antioxidant enzymes (SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPx1, glutathione peroxidase 1; CAT, catalase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; and NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1) were significantly reduced; however, when HepG2 cells were cultured with resveratrol (25 and 50 μM) and high glucose, the expression levels of all antioxidant enzymes were increased. The anti-apoptotic gene (B-cell lymphoma 2; Bcl2) and the DNA repair gene (Oxoguanine glycosylase-1, OGG1) were significantly decreased following high glucose exposure to HepG2 cells. Surprisingly, the expression levels of Bcl2 and OGG1 were notably elevated after resveratrol treatment. Furthermore, high glucose levels increased the LHD release in HepG2 cells, whereas resveratrol treatment reduced the LDH release. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol provides protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells. Hence, resveratrol shows potential as an effective approach to address the impaired antioxidant response resulting from elevated glucose levels commonly observed in diabetes and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abegail Mukhethwa Tshivhase
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness SciencesCape Peninsula University of TechnologyBellvilleSouth Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness SciencesCape Peninsula University of TechnologyBellvilleSouth Africa
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityGa‐RankuwaSouth Africa
| | - Shanel Raghubeer
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness SciencesCape Peninsula University of TechnologyBellvilleSouth Africa
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Ma W, Long J, Dong L, Zhang J, Wang A, Zhang Y, Yan D. Uncovering the key pharmacodynamic material basis and possible molecular mechanism of Xiaoke formulation improve insulin resistant through a comprehensive investigation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117752. [PMID: 38216099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoke formulation (XKF) has been utilized in clinical practice for decades in China as a treatment option for mild to moderate type 2 diabetes. However, there is still a need for systematic research to uncover the key pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of XKF. AIM OF THE STUDY Aim of to investigate the distribution and metabolism of XKF in normal and insulin resistant (IR) mice were different, and elucidate its key pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra performance liquid chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry technology was employed to investigate the differences in XKF absorption, distribution, and metabolism between normal and IR mice across blood, liver, feces, and urine samples. Further, network pharmacology was used to predict target proteins and their associated signaling pathways. Then, molecular docking was utilized to validate the activity of key pharmacodynamic components and targets. Finally, IR HepG2 cells were used to detect the glucose consumption under the action of key pharmacodynamic material basis. In addition, the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT) was determined using western blotting. RESULTS The study demonstrates significant distinctions in plasma and liver number and abundance of alkaloids, organic acids, flavonoids, iridoids and saponins between normal and IR mice when XKF was administered. Further analysis has shown that the representative components of XKF, including berberine, chlorogenic acid, calycosin, swertiamarin and astragaloside IV have significantly different metabolic pathways in plasma and liver. Prototypes and metabolites of these components were rarely detected in the urine and feces of mice. According to the network pharmacological analysis, these differential components are predicted to improve IR by targeting key factors such as SRC, JUN, HRAS, NOS3, FGF2, etc. Additionally, the signaling pathways involved in this process include PI3K-AKT pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. In addition, in vitro experiments indicate that berberine and its metabolites (berberine and demethyleneberine), chlorogenic acid and its metabolites (3-O-ferulic quinic acid and 5-O-ferulic quinic acid), calycosin and swertiamarin could improve IR in IR-HepG2 cells by elevating the expression of PI3K and AKT, leading to an increase in glucose consumption. CONCLUSION The key pharmacodynamic material basis of XKF, such as berberine and its metabolites (berberrubine and demethyleneberberine), chlorogenic acid and its metabolites (3-O-feruloylquinic acid and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid), calycosin and swertiamarin influence the glucose metabolism disorder of IR-HepG2 cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, leading to an improvement in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jianglan Long
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linjie Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Aiting Wang
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wang S, Lin X, Zhu C, Dong Y, Guo Y, Xie Z, He X, Ju W, Chen M. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increased glucose-to-albumin ratio in adults without diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1287916. [PMID: 38264288 PMCID: PMC10804880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 30% of individuals globally. Both serum glucose and albumin were demonstrated to be potential markers for the development of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the risk of NAFLD may be proportional to the glucose-to-albumin ratio (GAR). Methods Based on information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018, it was determined that GAR was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis utilizing weighted multivariable logistic regression. Participants with a fatty liver index (FLI) over 60 were identified with NAFLD, and those with an NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) >0.676 with evidence of NAFLD were labeled with advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF). The liver biopsy was utilized to verify the relationship between GAR and FLD in our center cohort. Mendelian randomization analysis investigated the genetic relationship between GAR and NAFLD. Results Of 15,534 eligible participants, 36.4% of participants were identified as NAFLD without AHF. GAR was positively correlated with the probability of NAFLD following full adjustment for possible variables (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.39-1.67). It was confirmed that patients with NAFLD and AHF had an inferior prognosis. The relationship between GAR and NFS was favorable (R = 0.46, P< 0.0001), and NAFLD patients with a higher GAR tended to develop poor survival. In our center cohort, the association between GAR and NAFLD was verified. Conclusion Among participants without diabetes, greater GAR was linked to higher risks of NAFLD. In addition, NAFLD patients with higher GAR tended to develop liver fibrosis and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuchen Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Dong
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Xie
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Ju
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Maogen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
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Gu F, Tao L, Chen R, Zhang J, Wu X, Yang M, Sheng J, Tian Y. Ultrasonic-Cellulase Synergistic Extraction of Crude Polysaccharides from Moringa oleifera Leaves and Alleviation of Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12405. [PMID: 36293262 PMCID: PMC9604441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) are a new food resource, rich in functional factors. MOL polysaccharides are important active macromolecules within MOL. However, there are problems, such as low extraction rates and lack of evidence for functional activity. Therefore, in this experiment, single-factor experiments were carried out using MOL powder as the raw material, and the Plackett-Burman test was used to screen the significantly influential test factors. The extraction process of MOL polysaccharide was optimized by response surface methodology. The insulin resistance alleviating activity of MOLP polysaccharides was initially explored. The results showed that the extraction of Moringa oleifera leaves crude polysaccharides (MOLP) by ultrasonic assisted cellulase enzymatic digestion was (17.03 ± 1.03)%, and the obtained MOLP was a crude polysaccharide with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 279.48 kDa, consisting of fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. MOLP had an IC50 value of 8.02 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and scavenging activity against free radicals such as ABTS, DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion with an IC50 value of 0.21 mg/mL 0.31 mg/mL 0.97 mg/mL 0.49 mg/mL. At the same time, MOLP significantly enhanced the glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px activity, and reduced the MDA and ROS content in high glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells. This experiment improved the extraction rate of MOLP and demonstrated that MOLP has antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which can alleviate the insulin resistance of high glucose-induced HepG2 cells. It provides partial data support for the possible hypoglycemic effect of MOLP by alleviating oxidative stress, and also provides new ideas for the in-depth study of basic research and industrial application of MOLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Runling Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xingzhong Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Dar MI, Rafat S, Dev K, Abass S, Khan MU, Abualsunun WA, Murshid SS, Ahmad S, Qureshi MI. Heartwood Extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Offers Defense against Oxyradicals and Improves Glucose Uptake in HepG2 Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:947. [PMID: 36295849 PMCID: PMC9607431 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus leads to cellular damage and causes apoptosis by oxidative stress. Heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium has been used in Ayurveda to treat various diseases such as leprosy, diabetes, asthma, and bronchitis. In this study, we worked out the mechanism of the antidiabetic potential of methanolic heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium (MPME). First, metabolic profiling of MPME was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to identify phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in MPME. Biological studies were carried out in vitro using the HepG2 cell line. Many antidiabetic compounds were identified including Quercetin. Methanolic extract of MPME (23.43 µg/mL-93.75 µg/mL) was found to be safe and effective in reducing oxyradicals in HepG2 cells. A concentration of 93.75 µg/mL improved glucose uptake efficiently. A significant decrease in oxidative stress, cell damage, and apoptosis was found in MPME-treated HepG2 cells. The study suggests that the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium offers good defense in HepG2 cells against oxidative stress and improves glucose uptake. The results show the significant antidiabetic potential of MPME using a HepG2 cell model. The effect seems to occur by reducing oxidative stress and sensitizing the cells towards glucose uptake, hence lowering systemic glucose levels, as well as rescuing ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sageer Abass
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Umar Khan
- Department of Food Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Walaa A. Abualsunun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. Murshid
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Wang S, Zhang T, Li J, Zhang J, Swallah MS, Gao J, Piao C, Lyu B, Yu H. Oat β-glucan and L-arabinose synergistically ameliorate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and exert anti-diabetic activity via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in db/db mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:10158-10170. [PMID: 36106930 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00889k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oat β-glucan (OBG) and L-arabinose (LA) have exhibited positive effects on diabetes and its complications. However, it is unclear whether OBG and LA have a synergistic effect. We investigated the effect of variable compositions (OBG : LA = 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4,1 : 6, 1 : 8, 1 : 10, 2 : 1, 4 : 1, 6 : 1, 8 : 1, 10 : 1) on glucose uptake in IR-HepG2 cells induced by dexamethasone (DEX) to find out the optimal composition showing synergistic effects. Furthermore, this study evaluated the anti-diabetic activity of the optimal composition in db/db mice. In vitro, the OBG : LA = 1 : 1 group showed the strongest synergistic effects among the varied compositions, outperforming OBG and LA alone. In vivo, there were more beneficial effects in the OBG : LA = 1 : 1 group compared with the OBG and LA single-dosing groups. OBG : LA = 1 : 1 supplementation markedly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (INS) in serum, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, lowered blood lipid levels, and reduced liver lipid accumulation. Moreover, the western blot results indicated that the OBG : LA = 1 : 1 group up-regulated the protein expression of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT), while down-regulating the protein expression of phospho-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS1) to enhance insulin transduction in liver tissues. These findings suggest that OBG : LA = 1 : 1 synergistically ameliorated glucose metabolism disorders and alleviated insulin resistance by promoting the PI3K/AKT pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. .,Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. .,Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. .,Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Junpeng Gao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunhong Piao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. .,Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. .,Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. .,Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun, 130118, China
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9
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Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Alkahtane AA, Albasher G, AL-Zharani M, Alhoshani NM, AL-Johani NS, Aljarba NH, Saquib Hasnain M. Pyrroloquinoline quinone alleviates oxidative damage induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6127-6132. [PMID: 34759737 PMCID: PMC8568716 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia as a common metabolic disorder in diabetes led to oxidative stress, inflammation and other complications. Natural and manufactured antioxidants alleviates the side effects of diabetes. The purpose of current study is to investigate the effect of pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ) as an antioxidant on the content of glucose-induced oxidative stress generation in the cells of the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) by inhibiting advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. The HepG2 cells were exposed to high dose (50 mM) of glucose (HG) only and with PQQ (HG + PQQ). Treatment with high dose increased AGEs formation, expression of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), reactive oxygen species ROS production, and oxidative stress markers in treated HepG2 cells. Interestingly, PQQ significantly reduced AGEs formation and (RAGE) expression, ROS formation, and inflammation induced by glucose. In conclusion, PQQ has a potentiail role as an antioxidant to reduce the oxidative damage during hyperglycemia by AGEs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alkahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AL-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah M. Alhoshani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S. AL-Johani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada H. Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacy, Palamau Institute of Pharmacy, Chianki, Daltonganj 822102, Jharkhand, India
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10
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Han B, Sun H, Yang X, Wang T, He C, Zhao K, An S, Guo C, Niu D, Xue X, Kang J. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of Corni Fructus alpha-glucosidase inhibitors improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:9808-9819. [PMID: 34664576 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corni Fructus (CF) is a traditional medicine and beneficial food with multifaceted protective effects against diabetes and its complications. Since alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (GIs) are promising first-choice oral antihyperglycemic drugs for diabetes, we examined whether GIs from CF (GICF) are useful for diabetes treatment. Therefore, GICF was extracted by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) that is optimized by a three-level, four-factor Box-Behnken design and determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to 36.31 mg g-1 without enzyme treatment, the GICF yield increased to 70.44 mg g-1via UAEE under optimum conditions (0.5% compound enzyme extracted in 23 min at 46 °C and pH 4.8). The activity (91.99%) of GICF was as predicted (93.28%). When GICF was used in an insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model, it significantly ameliorated the glucose metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that UAEE may be an innovative method for functional food extraction and a potential strategy for high-quality food ingredient (such as GI) production with high efficiency and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binkai Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoqiang Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Changfen He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Shujing An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Dou Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiefang Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
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11
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Bontempo P, Stiuso P, Lama S, Napolitano A, Piacente S, Altucci L, Molinari AM, De Masi L, Rigano D. Metabolite Profile and In Vitro Beneficial Effects of Black Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Polar Extract. Nutrients 2021; 13:2771. [PMID: 34444931 PMCID: PMC8398518 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the centuries, humans have traditionally used garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a food ingredient (spice) and remedy for many diseases. To confirm this, many extensive studies recognized the therapeutic effects of garlic bulbs. More recently, black garlic (BG), made by heat-ageing white garlic bulbs, has increased its popularity in cuisine and traditional medicine around the world, but there is still limited information on its composition and potential beneficial effects. In this study, the metabolite profile of methanol extract of BG (BGE) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in high-resolution mode. Results allowed to establish that BGE major components were sulfur derivatives, saccharides, peptides, organic acids, a phenylpropanoid derivative, saponins, and compounds typical of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Characterization of the BGE action in cancer cells revealed that antioxidant, metabolic, and hepatoprotective effects occur upon treatment as well as induction of maturation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. These results are interesting from the impact point of view of BG consumption as a functional food for potential prevention of metabolic and tumor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Stefania Lama
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Assunta Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Miranda-Nuñez JE, Zamilpa-Alvarez A, Fortis-Barrera A, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Loza-Rodriguez H, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Salas-Silva S, Flores-Cruz M, Zavala-Sanchez MA, Blancas-Flores G. GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse hepatocytes by an antihyperglycemic flavone from Tillandsia usneoides. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153622. [PMID: 34161895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is characterized by deregulation in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with a very high mortality rate. Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT4) plays a crucial role in T2D and represents a therapeutic target of interest. Tillandsia usneoides (T. usneoides) is a plant used as a remedy for diabetes. T. usneoides decreased blood glucose in different experimental models. However, the involvement of GLUT4 in this effect has not yet been explored. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether any component in T. usneoides might participate in the effect on blood glucose through a bioassay-guided fractionation, testing its potential antihyperglycemic effect in mice, as well as its influence on GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. METHODS The aqueous extract and the Ethyl Acetate fraction (TU-AcOEt) of T. usneoides were evaluated in a hypoglycemic activity bioassay and in the glucose tolerance test in CD-1 mice. TU-AcOEt was fractionated, obtaining five fractions that were studied in an additional glucose tolerance test. C1F3 was fractioned again, and its fractions (C2F9-12, C2F22-25, and C2F38-44) were examined by HPLC. The C2F38-44 fraction was analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (MS) and subjected to additional fractionation. The fraction C3F6-9 was explored by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), resulting in 5,7,4´-trihydroxy-3,6,3´,5´-tetramethoxyflavone (Flav1). Subsequently, a viability test was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Flav1 and fractions C2F9-12, C2F22-25. C2F38-44, and C3F30-41 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse hepatocytes. Confocal microscopy was also performed to assess the effect of Flav1 and fractions on GLUT4 translocation. RESULTS The TU-AcOEt fraction exhibited a hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in mice, and its fractionation resulted in five fractions, among which fraction C1F3 decreased blood glucose. MS and NMR analysis revealed the presence of Flav1. Finally, Flav1 significantly promoted the translocation of GLUT4 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION To date, Flav1 has not been reported to have activity in GLUT4; this study provides evidence that T. usneoides is a plant with the potential to develop novel therapeutic agents for the control of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa-Alvarez
- Departamento de Fitoquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Angeles Fortis-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hilda Loza-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Soraya Salas-Silva
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria Flores-Cruz
- Departamento el Hombre y su Ambiente, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Angel Zavala-Sanchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México.
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13
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Bourebaba N, Kornicka-Garbowska K, Marycz K, Bourebaba L, Kowalczuk A. Laurus nobilis ethanolic extract attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cell line through the reduction of oxidative stress and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis - Possible implication in pharmacotherapy. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:190-213. [PMID: 34091077 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the potential effect of Laurus nobilis ethanolic extract on improving insulin sensitivity and protecting liver cells from apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammation; all of which considered as major alterations occurring during insulin resistance (IR) as well as diabetes onset, in hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic-induced HepG2 cell line. Thereby, L. nobilis ethanolic extract has been first chemically characterized using LC-MS/MS technique. Subsequently, HepG2 cells were pre-treated with an optimal concentration of L. nobilis ethanolic extract for 24 h, and then, subjected to 30 mM D-glucose and 500 nM insulin mixture for another 24 h in order to induce hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia (HI/HG) status. Several parameters such as biocompatibility, hepatotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial transmembrane potential, dynamics, and metabolism, multicaspase activity, glucose uptake, in addition to genes and proteins expression levels were investigated. The obtained results showed that the bioactive extract of Laurus nobilis increased the number of living cells and their proliferation rate, significantly attenuated apoptosis by modulating pro-apoptotic pathways (p21, p53 and Bax genes), allowed a relative normalization of caspases-activity, and decreased the expression of inflammatory markers including c-Jun, NF-κB and Tlr4 transcripts. L. Nobilis ethanolic extract reduced considerably total intracellular ROS levels in challenged HepG2 cells, and regulated the mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway, demonstrating the potential antioxidant effect of the plant. Ethanolic plant extract increased insulin sensitivity, since an elevated expression of master transcripts responsible for insulin sensitivity including IRS1, IRS2, INSR was found. Taken together, obtained data suggest that L. nobilis ethanolic extract offers new insights in the development of potential antioxidant, insulin sensitizing as well as hepatoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland.
| | - Anna Kowalczuk
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Treml J, Večeřová P, Herczogová P, Šmejkal K. Direct and Indirect Antioxidant Effects of Selected Plant Phenolics in Cell-Based Assays. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092534. [PMID: 33926137 PMCID: PMC8123583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathophysiology of many diseases. This study aimed to verify the antioxidant activity of selected plant phenolics in cell-based assays and determine their direct or indirect effects. Methods: The cellular antioxidant assay (CAA) assay was employed for direct scavenging assays. In the indirect approach, the influence of each test substance on the gene and protein expression and activity of selected antioxidant enzymes was observed. One assay also dealt with activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. The overall effect of each compound was measured using a glucose oxidative stress protection assay. Results: Among the test compounds, acteoside showed the highest direct scavenging activity and no effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. It increased only the activity of catalase. Diplacone was less active in direct antioxidant assays but positively affected enzyme expression and catalase activity. Morusin showed no antioxidant activity in the CAA assay. Similarly, pomiferin had only mild antioxidant activity and proved rather cytotoxic. Conclusions: Of the four selected phenolics, only acteoside and diplacone demonstrated antioxidant effects in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Treml
- Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (K.Š.)
| | - Petra Večeřová
- Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (P.H.)
| | - Petra Herczogová
- Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (P.H.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (K.Š.)
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15
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Poonprasartporn A, Chan KLA. Live-cell ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a novel bioanalytical tool for cell glucose metabolism research. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119024. [PMID: 33831457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current novel drug developments for the treatment of diabetes require multiple bioanalytical assays to interrogate the cellular metabolism, which are costly, laborious and time-consuming. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, sensitive and low-cost technique that is recently found to be suitable for studying living cells. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that live-cell FTIR can be applied to study the differences in glucose metabolism in cells in normal culturing medium and cells treated in high glucose (a diabetes model) in order to highlight the potential of the technique in diabetes research. Live HepG2 cells were treated in normal glucose (3.8 mM; control) or high glucose (25 mM) medium and were measured directly using the FTIR approach. Principal component analysis was used to highlight any possible correlated changes 24, 48 and 72 h after treatments. FTIR spectra of live cell treated in normal and high glucose medium have shown significant differences (p < 0.05) for all treatment time. The control cells have seen an increased in the absorbance at 1088, 1240 and 1400 cm-1, which are associated with phosphate stretching mode vibrations from phosphorylated proteins and DNA back bone; and symmetric stretching mode vibration of COO- from fatty acids, amino acids, lipids and carbohydrate metabolites. However, the high glucose treated cells have shown a different changes in the 1000-1200 cm-1 region, which is linked to the glycogen and ATP:ADP ratio. In conclusion, live-cell FTIR can be a low-cost method for the studies of metabolic changes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchisa Poonprasartporn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - K L Andrew Chan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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16
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Chu CC, Chen SY, Chyau CC, Wu YC, Chu HL, Duh PD. Anticancer activity and mediation of apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cells induced by djulis and its bioactive compounds. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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17
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Shen Y, Zhang L, Zhou H, Wu M. Comparative effects of commonly used intraocular dyes on the viability of human retina Müller cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110790. [PMID: 33035834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro effect of various vital dyes in common clinical use on human Müller cell viability, and it compared the toxicity of these dyes using a cell culture model. Müller cells were exposed to a series of concentrations (1 %, 0.5 %, 0.25 %, and 0.125 % or 12.9 mM, 6.45 mM, 3.22 mM and 1.61 mM) of Indocyanine green (ICG) for 2, 24, 48, and 72 h. Similarly, groups of Müller cells were stained with "Heavy" brilliant blue G (HBBG), Trypan blue (TB) (0.15 %, or 1.56 mM), Membrane-blue-dual (MBD), and ICG (0.25 %, or 3.22 mM) or BBG (0.025 %, or 0.3 mM) with glucose (GS) (50 %, 66 % and 75 % or 2.78 M, 3.67 M and 4.17 M) for 30, 60, and 120 s. Cell viability was measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. We found that high stain concentration and long exposure time resulted in increased toxicity to Müller cells. Nevertheless, ICG seemed to be safe at the clinically relevant concentration of 0.25 % (3.22 mM) in the short time of exposure. TB was safer than both HBBG and MBD, especially HBBG. Hypertonic GS as a dilution was not safe for Müller cells, and the negative effect was more obvious in 0.025 % (0.3 mM) BBG than that in 0.25 % (3.22 mM) ICG. This is the first report to observe the cytotoxicity of commonly used stains in clinical on human Müller cells in vitro, and to provide some basis for further studies, including in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luyi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoqin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Acito M, Bartolini D, Ceccarini MR, Russo C, Vannini S, Dominici L, Codini M, Villarini M, Galli F, Beccari T, Moretti M. Imbalance in the antioxidant defence system and pro-genotoxic status induced by high glucose concentrations: In vitro testing in human liver cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:105001. [PMID: 32942007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that high glucose concentrations might contribute to the overall intracellular oxidative stress either by the direct generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by altering the redox balance. Moreover, it has also been suggested that high glucose concentration can increase the susceptibility of DNA to genotoxic effects of xenobiotics. The aim of this approach was to test high glucose concentrations for pro-genotoxicity in human liver cells by setting up an in vitro model for hyperglycaemia. The experimental design included performing of tests on both human HepG2 tumour cells and HepaRG immortalized cells. Increased cell susceptibility to genotoxic xenobiotics was tested by challenging cell cultures with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and evaluating the extent of primary DNA damage by comet assay. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between glucose concentration and intracellular ROS, as well as the effects of glucose concentration on the induction of Nrf2-dependent genes such as Glutathione S-transferases, Heme‑oxygenase-1, and Glutathione peroxidase-4. To investigate the involvement of ROS in the induced pro-genotoxic activity, parallel experimental sets were set up by considering co-treatment of cells with the model mutagen 4NQO and the antioxidant, glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. High glucose concentrations caused a significant increase in the levels of primary DNA damage, with a pro-genotoxic condition closely related to the concentration of glucose in the culture medium when cells were exposed to 4NQO. High glucose concentrations also stimulated the production of ROS and down-regulated genes involved in contrasting of the effects of oxidative stress. In conclusion, in the presence of high concentrations of glucose, the cells are in unfavourable conditions for the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuele Vannini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Dominici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Jahn SC, Gay LA, Weaver CJ, Renne R, Langaee TY, Stacpoole PW, James MO. Age-Related Changes in miRNA Expression Influence GSTZ1 and Other Drug Metabolizing Enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:563-569. [PMID: 32357971 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that hepatic levels of human glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) protein, involved in tyrosine catabolism and responsible for metabolism of the investigational drug dichloroacetate, increase in cytosol after birth before reaching a plateau around age 7. However, the mechanism regulating this change of expression is still unknown, and previous studies showed that GSTZ1 mRNA levels did not correlate with GSTZ1 protein expression. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that microRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate expression of GSTZ1. We obtained liver samples from donors aged less than 1 year or older than 13 years and isolated total RNA for use in a microarray to identify miRNAs that were downregulated in the livers of adults compared with children. From a total of 2578 human miRNAs tested, 63 miRNAs were more than 2-fold down-regulated in adults, of which miR-376c-3p was predicted to bind to the 3' untranslated region of GSTZ1 mRNA. There was an inverse correlation of miR-376c-3p and GSTZ1 protein expression in the liver samples. Using cell culture, we confirmed that miR-376c-3p could downregulate GSTZ1 protein expression. Our findings suggest that miR-376c-3p prevents production of GSTZ1 through inhibition of translation. These experiments further our understanding of GSTZ1 regulation. Furthermore, our array results provide a database resource for future studies on mechanisms regulating human hepatic developmental expression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hepatic glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) is responsible for metabolism of the tyrosine catabolite maleylacetoacetate as well as the investigational drug dichloroacetate. Through examination of microRNA (miRNA) expression in liver from infants and adults and studies in cells, we showed that expression of GSTZ1 is controlled by miRNA. This finding has application to the dosing regimen of the drug dichloroacetate. The miRNA expression profiles are provided and will prove useful for future studies of drug-metabolizing enzymes in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Jahn
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (S.C.J., C.J.W., M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.Y.L.), Medicine (P.W.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (L.A.G., R.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lauren A Gay
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (S.C.J., C.J.W., M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.Y.L.), Medicine (P.W.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (L.A.G., R.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Claire J Weaver
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (S.C.J., C.J.W., M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.Y.L.), Medicine (P.W.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (L.A.G., R.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rolf Renne
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (S.C.J., C.J.W., M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.Y.L.), Medicine (P.W.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (L.A.G., R.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Taimour Y Langaee
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (S.C.J., C.J.W., M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.Y.L.), Medicine (P.W.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (L.A.G., R.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (S.C.J., C.J.W., M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.Y.L.), Medicine (P.W.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (L.A.G., R.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margaret O James
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (S.C.J., C.J.W., M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.Y.L.), Medicine (P.W.S.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.W.S.), and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (L.A.G., R.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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20
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Peng F, Li G, Xie Y, Yin HY, Li XJ, Yang YD. Compositional characterization of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim and their antioxidant activities and induction of apoptosis in Bel-7402 cell. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13222. [PMID: 32267554 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a comparison study on active sites (the total phenolic, total flavonoids, and total triterpenes contents) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) of different fractions from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim was evaluated. Moreover, the inhibition capability on human hepatocarcinoma cells Bel-7402 cells and the mechanism was also discussed. Results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction significantly scavenged DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, exhibited ferric ion reducing antioxidant, and inhibited Bel-7402 cells proliferation. In addition, oleanolic acid was the dominant compound act on the Bel-7402 cells in the extract and it induced apoptosis by the caspase pathway and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by inhibiting the cyclin D1/CDK4 pathway. The extracts of P. ussuriensis Maxim were confirmed to have anti-oxidative and antiproliferative effects against Bel-7402 cell in vitro. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fruits and vegetables which contain high levels of antioxidants can help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer. Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim is a kind of edible and medical fruit with multiple bioactivities, whereas the capability to anti-lung cancer activity has not been investigated. The extracts of P. ussuriensis Maxim were revealed to have anti-oxidative and antiproliferative effects against Bel-7402 cell in vitro. Accordingly, it is the first time to verify that oleanolic acid was the main chemical components of P. ussuriensis with antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Gang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Hong-Yang Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yue-Dong Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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21
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Sharma S, Tripathi P, Sharma J, Dixit A. Flavonoids modulate tight junction barrier functions in hyperglycemic human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Nutrition 2020; 78:110792. [PMID: 32473529 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease requiring lifelong medical attention. With hundreds of millions suffering worldwide and a rapidly rising incidence, diabetes mellitus poses a great burden on health care systems. Recent studies investigating the underlying mechanisms involved in disease development in diabetes point to the role of the dysregulation of the intestinal barrier. Hyperglycemia-mediated tight junction deformity is known to contribute to leaky gut in various metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress on intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier functions in hyperglycemia. Because many flavonoids are known to influence the cellular redox state, exploring these flavonoids may help to understand the role of TJ barrier in hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress, which in turn might unfold the association of oxidative stress and dysfunction of barrier-forming TJs. METHODS Caco-2 cells were stimulated with high glucose (HG), with or without flavonoids (quercetin, morin, naringenin), for 24 h. We determined cellular viability, levels of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential in flavonoids treated HG-Caco-2 cells. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, glucose uptake, and expression of glucose transporters were determined on flavonoids treatment. We investigated the effect of flavonoids on TJs functions by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (a TJ integrity marker), membrane permeability using tracer compounds, and the expressions levels of TJs related molecules on hyperglycemic Caco-2 cell monolayers. RESULTS We found that high glucose treatment resulted in reduced cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species production, measurable mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance, with increased membrane permeability. Treatment with the test flavonoids produced increased cell viability and reduced glucose uptake of HG-Caco-2 cells. A concomitant decrease in reactive oxygen species production, proinflammatory cytokines, and Glut-associated genes and proteins were identified with flavonoid treatment. Flavonoids prevented derangement of TJs protein interaction and stabilized membrane permeability. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that flavonoids confer protection against hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and enhance intestinal barrier functions by modulating underlying intracellular molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Translational Health Science, and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Jeetesh Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Wang Y, Yan P, Fu T, Yuan J, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhang ZJ. The association between gestational diabetes mellitus and cancer in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 46:461-471. [PMID: 32097717 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with greater risk of a variety of cancers. However, the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and risk of cancer has so far not been well addressed. This study aimed to summarize the epidemiological evidence of the association between GDM and subsequent risk of cancer. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies, and a random-effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) along with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 17 observational studies were selected, comprising 7 case-control and 10 cohort studies. Pooled effect estimates retrieved from these 17 studies showed that GDM was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Asia (pooled RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01-1.70), but not in other regions, and also with thyroid cancer (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.16-1.42), stomach cancer (RR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02-2.00) and liver cancer (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.55). However, GDM was not associated with any increased risk of colon (RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.90-2.21), colorectal (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.95-1.41), ovarian (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.90-1.44), cervical (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81-1.29), pancreatic (RR: 3.49, 95% CI: 0.80-15.23), brain and nervous system (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.80-1.97), blood (leukaemia, RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.45-1.30), endometrial (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.20-2.98), skin (RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.81-1.59) or urological (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.73-1.31) cancers. CONCLUSION GDM is associated with a greater risk of cancer in women, including breast, thyroid, stomach and liver cancers. However, further investigation is nonetheless warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - P Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - T Fu
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - J Yuan
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - G Yang
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Z-J Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185 Donghu Road, 430071 Wuhan, China.
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23
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Jayaprakash N, Suresh R, Rajalakshmi S, Sundaravadivel E, Raja S. One-step synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and their effects on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts cells. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1723628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Jayaprakash
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Valliammai Engineering College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
| | - Ranganathan Suresh
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Department of Chemistry, Easwari Engineering College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Sundaramoorthy Raja
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi, Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Deemed to be University, India
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24
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Noto D, Di Gaudio F, Altieri IG, Cefalù AB, Indelicato S, Fayer F, Spina R, Scrimali C, Giammanco A, Mattina A, Indelicato S, Greco M, Bongiorno D, Averna M. Automated untargeted stable isotope assisted lipidomics of liver cells on high glucose shows alteration of sphingolipid kinetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158656. [PMID: 32045699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Untargeted lipidomics is a powerful tool to discover new biomarkers and to understand the physiology and pathology of lipids. The use of stable isotopes as tracers to investigate the kinetics of lipids is another tool able to supply dynamic information on lipid synthesis and catabolism. Coupling the two methodology is then very appealing in the study of lipid metabolism. The main issue to face is to perform thousands of calculations in order to obtain kinetic parameters starting from the MS raw data. An automated computerized routine able to do accomplish such task is presented in this paper. We analyzed the lipid kinetics of palmitic acid (PA) in hepatoma liver cells cultured in vitro in which insulin resistance has been induced by high glucose supplementation. The deuterated palmitate tracer (d5PA) was administered as a bolus and the cells were harvested daily for 48 h. 5dPA was incorporated into 326 monoisotopic compounds and in 84 of their [M + 1] isotopologues detected by high resolution orbitrap MS. The differences between the kinetics curves showed that at least four long chain triglycerides (TG) species incorporated more PA in glucose treated cells, while phosphocholines, sphingomyelins, mono- and di-glycerides and ceramides (Cer) incorporated less tracer under glucose treatment. Nevertheless, Cer amount was increased by glucose treatment. In conclusion we developed an automated powerful algorithm able to model simultaneously hundreds of kinetic curves obtained in a cell culture spiked with a stable isotope tracer, and to analyze the difference between the two different cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Noto
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Department of Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi (DiBiMEF), AOUP "Paolo Giaccone" University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ida Grazia Altieri
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Baldassare Cefalù
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Indelicato
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Clinical Risk and Quality Control, A.O.U.P. "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Fayer
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Spina
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Scrimali
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Giammanco
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattina
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Clinical Risk and Quality Control, A.O.U.P. "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Greco
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Clinical Risk and Quality Control, A.O.U.P. "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Clinical Risk and Quality Control, A.O.U.P. "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department ProMISE (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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25
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Antidiabetic and Cosmeceutical Potential of Common Barbery ( Berberis vulgaris L.) Root Bark Extracts Obtained by Optimization of 'Green' Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193613. [PMID: 31597237 PMCID: PMC6804028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberis vulgaris is rich in berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, with antidiabetic activity, often used topically for skin-related problems. The aim of this work was to develop a “green” method for berberine extraction using mixtures of water with glycerol, a non-toxic, environmentally-friendly solvent. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the experimental conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of berberine and anti-radical components from B. vulgaris root bark. The independent variables were temperature (X1), glycerol concentration (X2), and ultrasound power (X3), while the responses were berberine concentration and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts (RSA IC50). The response values of the extracts prepared at optimum conditions were (response, X1, X2, X3): berberine yield (145.5 μg/mL; 80 °C, 50%, 144 W) and RSA IC50 (58.88 μL/mL; 80 °C, 30%, 720 W). The observed values deviated from the predicted values by −3.45% and 6.42% for berberine and RSA IC50, respectively, thus indicating the validity of the selected models. The prepared extracts demonstrated antioxidant, anti-melanogenic, and anti-inflammatory activity, as well excellent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. The displayed biological properties and lack of glycerol toxicity makes the prepared extracts suitable for direct inclusion into antidiabetic and dermatologic food supplements and topical products.
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Chen B, Li C, Zhang J, Kan J, Jiang T, Zhou J, Ma H. Sensing and imaging of mitochondrial viscosity in living cells using a red fluorescent probe with a long lifetime. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7410-7413. [PMID: 31180411 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03977e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A red fluorescent probe (Mito-V) with a long lifetime was designed to monitor viscosity changes with high selectivity and sensitivity. The fluorescence intensity and lifetime of Mito-V displayed a good relationship with the viscosity value, and Mito-V was successfully applied to sensing mitochondrial viscosity changes in living cells under different biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P. R. China.
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Peanut skin phenolic extract attenuates hyperglycemic responses in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214591. [PMID: 30917157 PMCID: PMC6436756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects at least 285 million people globally, and this number continues to increase. Clinical complications include impaired glucose metabolism, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence has shown that natural phenolics play a protective effect on both the development and management of type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated effects of the extract from peanut skins containing polyphenols on induced- hyperglycemia using in vivo and in vitro methods. A human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) was used to investigate the effect of the peanut skin extract on cell viability after exposure to high glucose concentrations. In vivo, the effect of peanut skin extract on an oral glucose tolerance was investigated in human subjects. Fifteen participants aged 21–32 underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with five treatments: 1) 50-gram glucose solution (reference); 2). 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 12 mg of vegi-capsulated maltodextrin; 3) 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 120 mg of vegi-capsulated maltodextrin-encapsulated peanut skin extract; 4). 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 28 grams of unfortified coated peanuts; 5) 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 28 grams of chili lime coated peanuts fortified with encapsulated peanut skin extract. Glucose levels were measured using a continuous monitor. Peanut skin extract was found to attenuate the decrease in cell viability in high glucose treated HepG2 cells, showing a protective effect against hyperglycemia induced cell death. No difference in the glycemic response area under the curve between any treatments using the tolerance test, but the treatment of the peanut skin extract with the glucose reference resulted in a significantly lower peak blood glucose response at 45 minutes, indicating that it was effective at reducing the glycemic response. The present study shows that the phenolic extract of peanut skins has an antidiabetic effect, further confirming their value as a functional food ingredient.
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Peng YS, Lin JR, Cheng BH, Ho C, Lin YH, Shen CH, Tsai MH. Incidence and relative risk for developing cancers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024583. [PMID: 30796123 PMCID: PMC6398720 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk of developing cancers, particularly site-specific cancers, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Taiwan. SETTING The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted using the nationwide data from 2000 to 2013. In total, 1 466 596 pregnant women with admission for delivery were identified. Subjects with GDM consisted of 47 373 women, while the non-exposed group consisted of 943 199 women without GDM. The participants were followed from the delivery date to the diagnosis of cancer, death, the last medical claim or the end of follow-up (31 December 2013), whichever came first. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Patients with a new diagnosis of cancer (International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, with clinical modification (ICD-9-CM codes 140-208)) recorded in NHIRD were identified. The risk of 11 major cancer types was assessed, including cancers of head and neck, digestive organs, lung and bronchus, bone and connective tissue, skin, breast, genital organs, urinary system, brain, thyroid gland and haematological system. RESULTS The rates of developing cancers were significantly higher in women with GDM compared with the non-GDM group (2.24% vs 1.96%; p<0.001). After adjusting for maternal age at delivery and comorbidities, women with GDM had increased risk of cancers, including cancers of nasopharynx (adjusted HR, 1.739; 95 % CI, 1.400 to 2.161; p<0.0001), kidney (AHR, 2.169; 95 % CI, 1.428 to 3.293; p=0.0003), lung and bronchus (AHR, 1.372; 95 % CI, 1.044 to 1.803; p=0.0231), breast (AHR, 1.234; 95% CI, 1.093 to 1.393; p=0.007) and thyroid gland (AHR, 1.389; 95 % CI, 1.121 to 1.721; p=0.0026). CONCLUSION Women with GDM have a higher risk of developing cancers. Cancer screening is warranted in women with GDM. Future research should be aimed at establishing whether this association is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shing Peng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hua Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hen Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hung Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. Differential Impact of Flavonoids on Redox Modulation, Bioenergetics, and Cell Signaling in Normal and Tumor Cells: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1633-1659. [PMID: 28826224 PMCID: PMC6207159 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Flavonoids can interact with multiple molecular targets to elicit their cellular effects, leading to changes in signal transduction, gene expression, and/or metabolism, which can, subsequently, affect the entire cell and organism. Immortalized cell lines, derived from tumors, are routinely employed as a surrogate for mechanistic studies, with the results extrapolated to tissues in vivo. Recent Advances: We review the activities of selected flavonoids on cultured tumor cells derived from various tissues in comparison to corresponding primary cells or tissues in vivo, mainly using quercetin and flavanols (epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate) as exemplars. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids could retard cancer progression in vivo in animal models as well as in tumor cell models. CRITICAL ISSUES Extrapolation from in vitro and animal models to humans is not straightforward given both the extensive conjugation and complex microbiota-dependent metabolism of flavonoids after consumption, as well as the heterogeneous metabolism of different tumors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Comparison of data from studies on primary cells or in vivo are essential not only to validate results obtained from cultured cell models, but also to highlight whether any differences may be further exploited in the clinical setting for chemoprevention. Tumor cell models can provide a useful mechanistic tool to study the effects of flavonoids, provided that the limitations of each model are understood and taken into account in interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
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Sosa-Gutiérrez JA, Valdéz-Solana MA, Forbes-Hernández TY, Avitia-Domínguez CI, Garcia-Vargas GG, Salas-Pacheco JM, Flores-Herrera O, Téllez-Valencia A, Battino M, Sierra-Campos E. Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract on High Glucose-Induced Metabolic Changes in HepG2 Cells. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7030037. [PMID: 29949946 PMCID: PMC6164683 DOI: 10.3390/biology7030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of diabetes, but the metabolic alterations during early stages of the disease remain unknown. The ability of liver cells to rearrange their metabolism plays an important role in compensating the energy shortage and may provide cell survival. Moringa oleifera leaves have been studied for its health properties against diabetes, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic liver disease. We postulated that M. oleifera executes a protective function on mitochondrial functionality in HepG2 treated with high glucose. We evaluated the effect of high glucose treatment on the mitochondrial function of HepG2 cells using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA), blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), and western blot analysis. For assessment of mitochondrial abnormalities, we measured the activity of mitochondrial Complex I and IV as well as uncoupling protein 2, and sirtuin 3 protein contents. Our results demonstrate that, under conditions mimicking the hyperglycemia, Complex I activity, UCP2, Complex III and IV subunits content, supercomplex formation, and acetylation levels are modified with respect to the control condition. However, basal oxygen consumption rate was not affected and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production remained unchanged in all groups. Treatment of HepG2 cells with M. oleifera extract significantly increased both protein content and mitochondrial complexes activities. Nonetheless, control cells’ respiratory control ratio (RCR) was 4.37 compared to high glucose treated cells’ RCR of 15.3, and glucose plus M. oleifera treated cells’ RCR of 5.2, this indicates high-quality mitochondria and efficient oxidative phosphorylation coupling. Additionally, the state app was not altered between different treatments, suggesting no alteration in respiratory fluxes. These findings enhance understanding of the actions of M. oleifera and suggest that the known antidiabetic property of this plant, at least in part, is mediated through modulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Sosa-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Gómez Palacio, Avenida Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc, Filadelfia, 35010 Gómez Palacio, Mexico.
| | - Mónica A Valdéz-Solana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Gómez Palacio, Avenida Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc, Filadelfia, 35010 Gómez Palacio, Mexico.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Claudia I Avitia-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Durango, Avenida Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | - Gonzalo G Garcia-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Gómez Palacio, Calzada Palmas 1, Colonia Revolución, 35050 Gómez Palacio, Mexico.
| | - José M Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Durango, Avenida Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Erick Sierra-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Gómez Palacio, Avenida Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc, Filadelfia, 35010 Gómez Palacio, Mexico.
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Amidžić M, Marić P, Fumić B, Petlevski R, Bljajić K, Končić MZ. Oleuropein-Rich Olive Leaf Extracts May Ameliorate Consequences of Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Hep G2 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive leaf is reputed to have many beneficial health-related properties, often attributed to the iridoid glycoside oleuropein. In this work, the composition and antioxidant activity of oleuropein-rich olive leaf extracts prepared by ultrasonication were investigated. In addition, the influence of the extracts on Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress was examined. The prepared extracts acted as antioxidants rich in oleuropein and other polyphenols. Among them, the extract prepared at 20°C using 100% ethanol was the most effective radical scavenger, antioxidant and metal chelator. It also contained the largest amount of oleuropein and other phenolic constituents. The extract prepared at 20°C using 70% ethanol, on the other hand, showed the best yield among the investigated extracts. Furthermore, it was able to preserve the cell-membrane integrity of Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress, as well as to maintain intracellular concentration of glutathione and the activity of glutathione S-transferase on the levels comparable to those observed in non-stressed cells. The presented results demonstrate that oleuropein-rich olive leaf extracts can effectively ameliorate the consequences of glucose-induced oxidative stress in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Amidžić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Patricia Marić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Barbara Fumić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Roberta Petlevski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Kneza Domagoja 1, 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Kristina Bljajić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Di Y, Li Q, Shao D, Shi J, Huang Q. Antitumor activity of Pinoresinol in vitro: Inducing apoptosis and inhibiting HepG2 invasion. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Yarahmadi A, Khademi F, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Zal F. In-Vitro Analysis of Glucose and Quercetin Effects on m-TOR and Nrf-2 Expression in HepG2 Cell Line (Diabetes and Cancer Connection). Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:770-775. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1470654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yarahmadi
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khademi
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sun S, Zhang C, Gao J, Qin Q, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Yang X, Yang D, Yan H. Benzoquinone induces ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:270-281. [PMID: 29506454 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717750983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzene exposure affects the hematopoietic system and leads to the occurrence of various types of leukemia and hematotoxicity. It has been confirmed that active metabolites of benzene, including 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in the bone marrow, and recent studies have also suggested that benzene exposure can affect mitochondrial function in both experimental animals and cell lines. However, the potential relationship among ROS production, mitochondrial damages, and subsequent apoptosis following benzene exposure has not been well studied in detail. In the present study, we utilized HL-60 cells, a well-characterized human myeloid cell line, as an in vitro model and examined the effects of 1,4-BQ on intracellular ROS formation, mitochondria damage, and the occurrence of apoptotic events with or without using the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The results demonstrated that 1,4-BQ could dose-dependently induce production of ROS and mitochondrial damage as characterized by mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, mitochondrial ultrastructure alteration, and induced apoptosis and activated caspase-3 and caspase-9. Preincubation of HL-60 cells with NAC prior to 1,4-BQ treatment could block 1,4-BQ-induced production of ROS and the occurrence of apoptosis. These results demonstrated that 1,4-BQ induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells through a ROS-dependent mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Sun
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Gao
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongyu Qin
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaya Zhang
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhu
- 2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Yang
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongren Yang
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Yan
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gowd V, Jia Z, Chen W. Anthocyanins as promising molecules and dietary bioactive components against diabetes – A review of recent advances. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase-Inhibiting Activities of the Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050703. [PMID: 28452948 PMCID: PMC6154652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) leaf is traditionally used in southeastern Europe for the treatment of diabetes. In the present study, the ability of bilberry leaf extracts to inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and restore glutathione concentration in Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress was investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the antioxidant activity of two bilberry leaf extracts was performed. The aqueous extract showed excellent total antioxidant and chelating activity. Its antioxidant activity in the β-carotene-linoleic acid assay was very good, reaching the activity of the antioxidant standard BHA (93.4 ± 2.3% vs. 95.1 ± 2.4%, respectively). The hydroethanolic extract (ethanol/H2O, 8:2, v/v), on the other hand, was a better radical scavenger and Fe2+ reducing agent. Furthermore, the aqueous extract was able to efficiently increase glutathione concentration in Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress and restore it to the levels observed in non-hyperglycaemic cells. The hydroethanolic extract strongly inhibited α-glucosidase, with the IC50 statistically equal to the antidiabetic drug acarbose (0.29 ± 0.02 mg/mL vs. 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of quercetin and kaemferol derivatives, as well as chlorogenic and p-coumaric acid. The study results indicate that V. myrtillus leaf may have promising properties as a supporting therapy for diabetes.
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Silver nanoparticles can attenuate nitrative stress. Redox Biol 2017; 11:646-652. [PMID: 28157664 PMCID: PMC5279695 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported previously that glucose availability can modify toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via elevation of antioxidant defence triggered by increased mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we examined the effect of glucose availability on the production of reactive nitrogen species in HepG2 cells and modification of nitrative stress by AgNPs. We found that lowering the glucose concentration increased expression of genes coding for inducible nitric oxide syntheas, NOS2 and NOS2A resulting in enhanced production of nitric oxide. Surprisingly, AgNPs decreased the level of nitric oxide accelerated denitration of proteins nitrated by exogenous peroxynitrite in cells grown in the presence of lowered glucose concentration, apparently due to further induction of protective proteins.
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Kumar SM, Haridoss M, Swaminathan K, Gopal RK, Clemens D, Dey A. The effects of changes in glutathione levels through exogenous agents on intracellular cysteine content and protein adduct formation in chronic alcohol-treated VL17A cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 27:128-135. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1268229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mathan Kumar
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Madhumitha Haridoss
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Kavitha Swaminathan
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Gopal
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Dahn Clemens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska and Western Iowa Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aparajita Dey
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
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So WY, Leung PS. Irisin ameliorates hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and enhances cell survival in insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:237-247. [PMID: 27452313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a newly identified myokine that promotes the browning of white adipose tissue, enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and modulates hepatic metabolism. However, the signaling pathways involved in the effects on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism have not been resolved. This study aimed to examine the role of irisin in the regulation of hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and cell survival, and whether adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master metabolic regulator in the liver, is involved in irisin's actions. Human liver-derived HepG2 cells were cultured in normal glucose-normal insulin (NGNI) or high glucose-high insulin (HGHI/insulin-resistant) condition. Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism was evaluated by glucose output and glycogen content or triglyceride accumulation assays, respectively. Our results showed that irisin stimulated phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) via liver kinase B1 (LKB1) rather than Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) in HepG2 cells. Irisin ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance induced by HGHI condition. Irisin reduced hepatic triglyceride content and glucose output, but increased glycogen content, with those effects reversed by dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor. Furthermore, irisin also stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation and promoted cell survival in an AMPK-dependent manner. In conclusion, our data indicate that irisin ameliorates dysregulation of hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and cell death in insulin-resistant states via AMPK activation. These findings reveal a novel irisin-mediated protective mechanism in hepatic metabolism which provides a scientific basis for irisin as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Jiang X, Greenwald E, Jack-Roberts C. Effects of Choline on DNA Methylation and Macronutrient Metabolic Gene Expression in In Vitro Models of Hyperglycemia. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:11-7. [PMID: 27081315 PMCID: PMC4825771 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s29465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient that plays an important role in lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Studies in rodents suggest that choline may adversely affect glycemic control, yet studies in humans are lacking. Using the human hepatic and placental cells, HepG2 and BeWo, respectively, we examined the interaction between choline and glucose treatments. In HepG2 cells, choline supplementation (1 mM) increased global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase expression in both low-glucose (5 mM) and high-glucose (35 mM) conditions. Choline supplementation increased the expression of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), which mediates fatty acid β-oxidation, especially in the high-glucose condition. High-glucose exposure increased the transcription of the gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), while choline supplementation mitigated such increase. Compared to HepG2 cells, the placenta-derived BeWo cells were relatively unresponsive to either high-glucose or -choline treatment. In conclusion, choline and glucose interacted to affect macronutrient metabolic genes, yet there was no indication that choline may worsen glycemic control in these in vitro human cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Esther Greenwald
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Shokrzadeh M, Abdi H, Asadollah-Pour A, Shaki F. Nanoceria Attenuated High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:97-102. [PMID: 27054124 PMCID: PMC4819392 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Hyperglycemia, a common metabolic disorder in diabetes, can lead to oxidative damage. The use of antioxidants can benefit the control and prevention of diabetes
side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effect of nanoceria particles, as an antioxidant, on glucose induced cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation
(LPO) and glutathione (GSH) content in a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line
(HepG2) cell line.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we divided HepG2 cells into these
groups: i. Cells treated with 5 mM D-glucose (control), ii. Cells treated with 45 mM D-
mannitol+5 mM D-glucose (osmotic control), iii. Cells treated with 50 mM D-glucose
(high glucose), and iv. Cells treated with 50 mM D-glucose+nanoceria. Cell viability,
ROS formation, LPO and GSH were measured and analyzed statistically. Results High glucose (50 mM) treatment caused significant cell death and increased oxidative stress markers in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, nanoceria at a concentration of 50 mM
significantly decreased the high glucose-induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation and LPO.
This concentration of nanoceria increased the GSH content in HepG2 cells (P<0.05).
Conclusion The antioxidant feature of nanoceria particles makes it an attractive candidate for attenuation of hyperglycemia oxidative damage in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Abdi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azin Asadollah-Pour
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Meshkani R. SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) inhibition ameliorates high glucose-induced de-novo lipogenesis and VLDL production through regulating AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 pathway and ROS production in HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:679-89. [PMID: 26456051 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic de-novo lipogenesis and production of triglyceride rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is increased in the state of insulin resistance, however, the role of a negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway, the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) in this process, remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the molecular mechanisms linking SHIP2 expression to metabolic dyslipidemia using overexpression or suppression of SHIP2 gene in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose (33 mM). The results showed that high glucose induced SHIP2 mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of the dominant negative mutant SHIP2 (SHIP2-DN) ameliorated high glucose-induced de-novo lipogenesis and secretion of apoB containing lipoprotein in HepG2 cells, as demonstrated by a reduction in both secreted apoB and MTP expression, and decreased triglyceride levels and the expression of lipogenic genes such as SREBP1c, FAS and ACC. Overexpression of the SHIP2-DN decreased high glucose-induced apoB containing lipoproteins secretion via reduction in ROS generation, JNK phosphorylation and Akt activation. Furthermore, using the specific inhibitor and activator, it was found that the AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 is the signaling pathway that mediates the effects of SHIP2 modulation on hepatic de-novo lipogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that SHIP2 is an important regulator of hepatic lipogenesis and lipoprotein secretion in insulin resistance state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R Iran.
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Yin X, Zheng F, Pan Q, Zhang S, Yu D, Xu Z, Li H. Glucose fluctuation increased hepatocyte apoptosis under lipotoxicity and the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition opening. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:169-81. [PMID: 26464382 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be an important factor in producing lethal hepatocyte injury associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Glucose fluctuation, more pronounced in patients with diabetes, has been recognized as an even stronger oxidative stress inducer than the sustained hyperglycemia. Here, we investigated the role of glucose variability in the development of the NAFLD based on hepatocyte apoptosis and possible mechanisms. To achieve this goal we studied C57BL/6J mice that were maintained on a high fat diet (HFD) and injected with glucose (3 g/kg) twice daily to induce intermittent high glucose (IHG). We also studied hepatic L02 cells incubated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce steatosis. The following experimental groups were compared: normal glucose (NG), sustained high glucose (SHG) and IHG with or without PA. We found that, although hepatic enzyme levels and liver lipid deposition were comparable between HFD mice injected with glucose or saline, the glucose injected mice displayed marked hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation, accompanied by increased lipid peroxide in liver. In vitro, in the presence of PA, IHG increased L02 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and produced pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction relative to the NG and SHG groups. Furthermore, treatment with the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor, cyclosporin A (1.5 μmol/l), prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Our data suggests that IHG under lipotoxicity might contribute to the development of NAFLD by increasing oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis via MPT and its related mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Yin
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Saifei Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhiye Xu
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Glucose availability determines silver nanoparticles toxicity in HepG2. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:72. [PMID: 26493216 PMCID: PMC4618757 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing body of evidence suggest that nanomaterials toxicity is associated with generation of oxidative stress. In this paper we investigated the role of respiration in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) generated oxidative stress and toxicity. Since cancer cells rely on glucose as the main source of energy supply, glucose availability might be an important determinant of NPs toxicity. Methods AgNPs of 20 nm nominal diameter were used as a model NPs. HepG2 cells were cultured in the media with high (25 mM) or low (5.5 mM) glucose content and treated with 20 nm AgNPs. AgNPs-induced toxicity was tested by neutral red assay. Generation of H2O2 in mitochondria was evaluated by use of mitochondria specific protein indicator HyPer-Mito. Expression of a 77 oxidative stress related genes was assessed by qPCR. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was estimated colorimetrically by dedicated methods in cell homogenates. Results AgNPs-induced dose-dependent generation of H2O2 and toxicity was observed. Toxicity of AgNPs towards cells maintained in the low glucose medium was significantly lower than the toxicity towards cells growing in the high glucose concentration. Scarceness of glucose supply resulted in upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms that in turn alleviated AgNPs dependent ROS generation and toxicity. Conclusion Glucose availability can modify toxicity of AgNPs via elevation of antioxidant defence triggered by oxidative stress resulted from enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and associated generation of ROS. Presented results strengthen the idea of strong linkage between NPs toxicity and intracellular respiration and possibly other mitochondria dependent processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0132-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wang C, Li Q, Wang W, Guo L, Guo C, Sun Y, Zhang J. GLP-1 contributes to increases in PGC-1α expression by downregulating miR-23a to reduce apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:33-9. [PMID: 26315270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 can help to overcome problems of liver cells metabolism, not only pancreatic cell. But the explicit mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In recent years, microRNAs have received the attention of researchers and some microRNAs have important implications for diabetes. The mitochondrial protective gene PGC-1α is also closely related to diabetes, and UCP2 is related to anti-mitochondrial oxidative stress, but the mechanism of action of these genes is unclear. In this study, we used HepG2 cell line and used the cell counting kit (CCK) to measure the cell viability with GLP-1(7-36) and/or glucotoxicity. To investigate alterations in gene expression resulting from incubation with GLP-1 (7-36) or hyperglycaemia, the RNA expression levels of miR-23a, PGC-1α, Bak, Bax and UCP2 were quantified using real-time PCR. The protein levels of PGC-1α were determined by western blot. The role of miR-23a in the regulation of PGC-1α was further assessed through cell transfection to downregulate of miR-23a expression. In this study, the viability of HepG2 hepatocytes was decreased under hyperglycaemia, but incubation with 10 nmol/L GLP-1 (7-36) amide for 24 h significantly increased the viability and decreased the mRNA expression levels of Bax and Bak. Incubation with GLP-1(7-36) amide for 24 h attenuated the RNA expression of miR-23a and increased the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α. Inhibition of miR-23a expression by cell transfection led to increases in the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α. In addition, the mRNA expression of UCP2 increased after incubation with GLP-1(7-36) for 24 h. In conclusion, GLP-1 induced increased expression of mitochondrial protective gene PGC-1α by downregulating miR-23a to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis and also enhanced UCP2 to reduce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yiqiong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
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Jiang Q, Yuan Y, Zhou J, Wu Y, Zhou Q, Gui S, Wang Y. Apoptotic events induced by high glucose in human hepatoma HepG2 cells involve endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK's activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:113-22. [PMID: 25296712 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress participates in the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose and explore its probable mechanism. A series of experiments were performed following HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of glucose for 48 h. The apoptosis was detected by means of Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity assay was performed by measuring the pNA (p-nitroaniline) to indirectly reveal the catalytic activity of caspase-3. The expression levels of apoptosis-, ER stress-associated proteins and MAPKs were analyzed by western blot. To further characterize the molecular mechanisms, the effects of antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and specific inhibitors for JNK and p38 (SP600125 and SB203580, respectively) were examined by Hoechst staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot. After HepG2 cells were incubated with high glucose for 48 h, both Hoechst staining and flow cytometry analyses unveiled the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Caspase-3 activity assay revealed that the activity of caspase-3 was enhanced. Western blot showed an enhancement of pro-caspase-9 degradation, a reduction of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, a decrease in GRP78 expression, and increases in CHOP and p47/phox levels. In addition, western blot analysis presented that phosphorylation of p38 and JNK was triggered and that the expression of ASK1 was elevated. In the case of the contributions of oxidative stress and the MAPK signaling pathways, all ALA, SP600125 and SB203580 were able to largely rescue high glucose-induced apoptosis. High glucose induced the apoptosis in HepG2 cells through the activation of ASK1-p38/JNK pathway mediated by ER stress and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Park EC, Kim SI, Hong Y, Hwang JW, Cho GS, Cha HN, Han JK, Yun CH, Park SY, Jang IS, Lee ZW, Choi JS, Kim S, Kim GH. Inhibition of CYP4A reduces hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and features of diabetes in mice. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:860-9. [PMID: 24983671 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response pathway, which contributes to apoptosis and insulin resistance. We investigated the roles of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) in the regulation of hepatic ER stress, insulin resistance, and the development of diabetes in mice. METHODS We used mass spectrometry to compare levels of CYP450 proteins in livers from C57BL/6J and C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice; findings were confirmed by immunoblot and real-time PCR analyses. To create a model of diet-induced diabetes, C57BL/6J mice were placed on high-fat diets. Mice were given intraperitoneal injections of an inhibitor (HET0016) or an inducer (clofibrate) of CYP4A, or tail injections of small hairpin RNAs against CYP4A messenger RNA; liver tissues were collected and analyzed for ER stress, insulin resistance, and apoptosis. The effect of HET0016 and CYP4A knockdown also were analyzed in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Levels of the CYP4A isoforms were highly up-regulated in livers of db/db mice compared with C57BL/6J mice. Inhibition of CYP4A in db/db and mice on high-fat diets reduced features of diabetes such as insulin hypersecretion, hepatic steatosis, and increased glucose tolerance. CYP4A inhibition reduced levels of ER stress, insulin resistance, and apoptosis in the livers of diabetic mice; it also restored hepatic functions. Inversely, induction of CYP4A accelerated ER stress, insulin resistance, and apoptosis in livers of db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS CYP4A proteins are up-regulated in livers of mice with genetically induced and diet-induced diabetes. Inhibition of CYP4A in mice reduces hepatic ER stress, apoptosis, insulin resistance, and steatosis. Strategies to reduce levels or activity of CYP4A proteins in liver might be developed for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Hong
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Hwang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Cho
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Won Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar SM, Swaminathan K, Clemens DL, Dey A. Modulation of GSH with exogenous agents leads to changes in glyoxalase 1 enzyme activity in VL-17A cells exposed to chronic alcohol plus high glucose. Food Funct 2014; 5:345-58. [PMID: 24352527 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gluthathione (GSH) is a major cellular antioxidant. The present study utilizing VL-17A cells exposed to chronic alcohol plus high glucose investigated the changes in oxidative stress, toxicity, and glyoxalase 1 activity as a detoxification pathway due to changes in GSH level through GSH supplementation with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its depletion through buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethyl maleate (DEM). Glyoxalase 1 plays an important role in detoxification of methylglyoxal which is formed as a precursor of advanced glycated end products formed due to high glucose mediated oxidative stress. Significant changes in glyoxalase 1 activity utilizing methylglyoxal or glyoxal as substrates occurred with NAC or UDCA or BSO or DEM supplementation in chronic alcohol plus high glucose treated VL-17A cells. NAC or UDCA administration in chronic alcohol plus high glucose treated VL-17A cells increased viability and decreased ROS levels, lipid peroxidation and 3-nitrotyrosine adduct formation. Similarly, GSH depletion with BSO or DEM had an opposite effect on the parameters in chronic alcohol plus high glucose treated VL-17A cells. In conclusion, modulation of GSH with NAC or UDCA or BSO or DEM leads to significant changes in oxidative stress, glyoxalase 1 enzyme activity and toxicity in chronic alcohol plus high glucose treated VL-17A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mathan Kumar
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai-600044, India.
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Scalera A, Tarantino G. Could metabolic syndrome lead to hepatocarcinoma via non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9217-9228. [PMID: 25071314 PMCID: PMC4110551 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was estimated that from 2002 to 2008 the risk of developing cancer increased a quarter-fold in men and two-fold in women due to excessive BMI. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus are strictly related and are key pathogenetic factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most frequent liver disease worldwide. The most important consequence of the “metabolic epidemics” is the probable rise in the incidence of hepatocarcinoma (HCC), and NAFLD is the major causative factor. Adipose tissue is not merely a storage organ where lipids are preserved as an energy source. It is an active organ with important endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions in addition to immune functions. Adipocytes produce a wide range of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors that can act locally in the adipose tissue microenvironment and systemically. In this article, the main roles of insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 are discussed. The role of IGF-2 is not only confined to HCC, but it may also act in early hepato-carcinogenesis, as pre-neoplastic lesions express IGF-2 mRNA. IGF-1 and IGF-2 interact with specific receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R). IGF-1R is over-expressed in in vitro and in animal models of HCC and it was demonstrated that IGF ligands exerted their effects on HCC cells through IGF-1R and that it was involved in the degeneration of pre-neoplastic lesions via an increase in their mitotic activity. Both IGF-2R and TGF β, a growth inhibitor, levels are reduced in human HCC compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. Another key mechanism involves peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. In in vitro studies, PPARγ inhibited various carcinomas including HCC, most probably by regulating apoptosis via the p21, p53 and p27 pathways. Finally, as a clinical consequence, to improve survival, efforts to achieve a “healthier diet” should be promoted by physicians and politicians.
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Zou YX, Shen WZ, Liao ST, Liu F, Zheng SQ, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. Mulberry leaf phenolics ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:960-6. [PMID: 25026091 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.940285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of phenolics in mulberry leaves (mulberry leaf phenolics; MLP) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in HepG2 cells; we treated HepG2 with glucose [5.5 (N-Glc) or 50 mmol/L (Hi-Glc)] with or without MLP at 10 or 100 µmol/L gallic acid equivalents and assessed level of reactive oxidant species (ROS), ΔΨm, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. Hi-Glc-induced oxidative damage was demonstrated by a series of increase in superoxides (560%, 0.5 h), MDA (400%, 24 h), NF-κB activation (474%, 4 h) and a wild fluctuation of ΔΨm relative to the control cells (p ≤ 0.05). MLP treatments ameliorate Hi-Glc-induced negative effects by a 40% reduction in ROS production, 34-44% reduction in MDA production, over 35% inhibition of NF-κB activation, as well as exert protective effect on HepG2 cells from change in ΔΨm. Our data show that MLP in vitro can protect hepatoctyes from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiao Zou
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China and
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