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Feldo M, Wójciak M, Ziemlewska A, Dresler S, Sowa I. Modulatory Effect of Diosmin and Diosmetin on Metalloproteinase Activity and Inflammatory Mediators in Human Skin Fibroblasts Treated with Lipopolysaccharide. Molecules 2022; 27:4264. [PMID: 35807509 PMCID: PMC9268213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmin is widely used as a venoactive drug in the pharmacological treatment of chronic venous disorders. It exerts a strong protective effect on blood vessels via an increase in the elasticity of vessel walls and reduces the permeability of capillary walls, thereby producing an anti-edematous effect. In this paper, we investigated the effectiveness of diosmin and diosmetin in modulating the level of proinflammatory factors in human skin fibroblasts treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Two variants of the experiments were performed: the flavonoid was added 2 h prior to or 24 h after LPS stimulation. Our study revealed that both flavonoids reduced the levels of IL-6 and Il-1β as well as COX-2 and PGE2 but had no impact on IL-10. However, the addition of the compounds prior to the LPS addition was more effective. Moreover, diosmetin modulated the proinflammatory factors more strongly than diosmin. Our investigations also showed that both flavonoids were potent inhibitors of elastase and collagenase activity, and no differences between the glycoside and aglycone forms were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.)
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Tomita K, Yamanishi-Taira S, Igarashi K, Oogai Y, Kuwahara Y, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Miyawaki S, Kurimasa A, Sato T. Oxytocin ameliorates KCC2 decrease induced by oral bacteria-derived LPS that affect rat primary cultured cells and PC-12 cells. Peptides 2022; 150:170734. [PMID: 34974081 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, especially neuroinflammation, which is caused by stress, leads to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Because lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) cause neuroinflammation, we investigated the effect of LPSs to CNS. In PC-12 cells, LPSs derived from oral bacteria reduced the expression of KCC2, a Cl- transporter. LPS derived from P. gingivalis (P. g) administered to rat primary cultured cells also reduced the KCC2 expression. However, LPSs derived from E. coli did not reduce the KCC2 expression. LPS treatment activated TLR4, IL-1β, and REST gene expressions, which led to KCC2 inactivation in PC-12 cells. The mechanism of KCC2 has been shown to play an important role in brain maturation, function (such as the GABA switch), and behavioral problems, we investigated the GABA function. We found that the GABA function was changed from inhibitory to excitatory by the LPS derived from P. g treatment. We demonstrated that the GSK3β also involved in the KCC2 reduction by LPS treatment. We show that oxytocin rescued the reduction in KCC2 expression caused by LPSs by inhibiting GSK3β signaling but vasopressin could not. Considered together, our results indicate that the LPSs from oral bacteria but not the LPS from E. coli increase the risk for brain disorders and oxytocin might be a candidate to overcome the abnormal behavior caused by brain disorders such as psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Yamanishi-Taira
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oogai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar St., Rasht, 41887-94755, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar St., Rasht, 41887-94755, Iran
| | - Shouichi Miyawaki
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Pharmacology of Diosmin, a Citrus Flavone Glycoside: An Updated Review. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:1-18. [PMID: 34687440 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are phytochemicals that are well known for their beneficial pharmacological properties. Diosmin is a flavone glycoside derived from hesperidin, a flavanone abundantly found in citrus fruits. Daflon is an oral phlebotonic flavonoid combination containing diosmin and hesperidin (9:1) that is commonly used for the management of blood vessel disorders. After oral administration, diosmin is converted to diosmetin, which is subsequently absorbed and esterified into glucuronide conjugates that are excreted in the urine. Pharmacological effects of diosmin have been investigated in several in vitro and in vivo studies, and it was found to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antifibrotic effects in different disease models. Diosmin also demonstrated multiple desirable properties in several clinical studies. Moreover, toxicological studies showed that diosmin has a favorable safety profile. Accordingly, diosmin is a potential effective and safe treatment for many diseases. However, diosmin exhibits inhibitory effects on different metabolic enzymes. This encourages the investigation of its potential therapeutic effect and safety in different diseases in clinical trials, while taking potential interactions into consideration.
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Patil AA, Bhor SA, Rhee WJ. Cell death in culture: Molecular mechanisms, detections, and inhibition strategies. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Role of Diosmin in protection against the oxidative stress induced damage by gamma-radiation in Wistar albino rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 113:104622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kim HY, Kim TJ, Kang L, Kim YJ, Kang MK, Kim J, Ryu JH, Hyeon T, Yoon BW, Ko SB, Kim BS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived magnetic extracellular nanovesicles for targeting and treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119942. [PMID: 32179302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes and extracellular nanovesicles (NV) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be used for the treatment of ischemic stroke owing to their multifaceted therapeutic benefits that include the induction of angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation. However, the most serious drawback of using exosomes and NV for ischemic stroke is the poor targeting on the ischemic lesion of brain after systemic administration, thereby yielding a poor therapeutic outcome. In this study, we show that magnetic NV (MNV) derived from iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP)-harboring MSC can drastically improve the ischemic-lesion targeting and the therapeutic outcome. Because IONP stimulated expressions of therapeutic growth factors in the MSC, MNV contained greater amounts of those therapeutic molecules compared to NV derived from naive MSC. Following the systemic injection of MNV into transient middle-cerebral-artery-occlusion (MCAO)-induced rats, the magnetic navigation increased the MNV localization to the ischemic lesion by 5.1 times. The MNV injection and subsequent magnetic navigation promoted the anti-inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis in the ischemic brain lesion, thereby yielding a considerably decreased infarction volume and improved motor function. Overall, the proposed MNV approach may overcome the major drawback of the conventional MSC-exosome therapy or NV therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Lami Kang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Woo Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Ko
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Potential Therapeutic Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Dihydroflavones, Flavones, and Flavonols. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25041017. [PMID: 32102475 PMCID: PMC7070238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation, circulating immune cell activation, and endothelial cell damage play a critical role in vascular pathogenesis. Flavonoids have shown anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of different flavonoids on the production of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL) 1β, 6, and 8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in peripheral blood cells. Methods: We studied the whole blood from 36 healthy donors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated (0.5 μg/mL) whole-blood aliquots were incubated in the presence or absence of different concentrations of quercetin, rutin, naringenin, naringin, diosmetin, and diosmin for 6 h. Cultures were centrifuged and the supernatant was collected in order to measure IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 production using specific immunoassay techniques. This production was significantly inhibited by quercetin, naringenin, naringin, and diosmetin, but in no case by rutin or diosmin. Flavonoids exert different effects, maybe due to the differences between aglycons and glucosides present in their chemical structures. However, these studies suggest that quercetin, naringenin, naringin, and diosmetin could have a potential therapeutic effect in the inflammatory process of cardiovascular disease.
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Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Manchope MF, Artero NA, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Fattori V, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Pain and Inflammation: Mechanisms of Action, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Data, and Pharmaceutical Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E762. [PMID: 32050623 PMCID: PMC7037709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain can be initiated after inflammation and/or peripheral nerve injury. It is a consequence of the pathological functioning of the nervous system rather than only a symptom. In fact, pain is a significant social, health, and economic burden worldwide. Flavonoids are plant derivative compounds easily found in several fruits and vegetables and consumed in the daily food intake. Flavonoids vary in terms of classes, and while structurally unique, they share a basic structure formed by three rings, known as the flavan nucleus. Structural differences can be found in the pattern of substitution in one of these rings. The hydroxyl group (-OH) position in one of the rings determines the mechanisms of action of the flavonoids and reveals a complex multifunctional activity. Flavonoids have been widely used for their antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects along with safe preclinical and clinical profiles. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory proprieties of flavonoids. We also focus on how the development of formulations containing flavonoids, along with the understanding of their structure-activity relationship, can be harnessed to identify novel flavonoid-based therapies to treat pathological pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. Ferraz
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Thacyana T. Carvalho
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Nayara A. Artero
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Fernanda S. Rasquel-Oliveira
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
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9
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Zheng Y, Zhang R, Shi W, Li L, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu L. Metabolism and pharmacological activities of the natural health-benefiting compound diosmin. Food Funct 2020; 11:8472-8492. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diosmin is a famous natural flavonoid for treating chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
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10
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Chen YR, Yang KC, Lu DH, Wu WT, Wang CC, Tsai MH. The chondroprotective effect of diosmin on human articular chondrocytes under oxidative stress. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2378-2386. [PMID: 31270886 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress, which can amplify inflammatory responses, is involved in the pathologic progression of knee osteoarthritis. Diosmin is known to possess a variety of biological functions such as antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. We therefore demonstrated the chondroprotective potentials of diosmin on human articular chondrocytes under oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of diosmin (5, 10, 50, and 100 μM) to chondrocytes was first evaluated. Subsequently, the cells were treated with diosmin (5 and 10 μM) after hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) exposure. We found that the cytotoxicity of diosmin occurred in a dose-dependent manner (10, 50, and 100 μM), and low-dose diosmin (5 μM) slightly impaired cell viability. Diosmin supplementations (5 and 10 μM) did not show beneficial effects on mitochondrial activity, cytotoxicity, proliferation, and survival and the cell senescence was ameliorated in H2 O2 -exposed chondrocytes. On the other hand, diosmin down-regulated the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, COL1A1, MMP-3, and MMP-9; up-regulated TIMP-1 and SOX9; and improved COL2A1 in chondrocytes under oxidative stresses. Furthermore, diosmin also regulated glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase of H2 O2 -exposed chondrocytes. In conclusion, diosmin displayed a remarkable antiinflammatory effect compared with the antioxidant capacity on human chondrocytes. Diosmin can maintain the homeostasis of extracellular matrix of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Hua Lu
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tien Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen X, Xu L, Guo S, Wang Z, Jiang L, Wang F, Zhang J, Liu B. Profiling and comparison of the metabolites of diosmetin and diosmin in rat urine, plasma and feces using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS n. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:58-71. [PMID: 31177049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Diosmin (diosmetin-7-O-rutinoside) and its aglycone diosmetin, natural bioflavonoids distributing in a variety of citrus fruits and Chinese herbal medicines, possessed positive effects against hepatic, renal, lung, gastric, cerebral and cardiac injury. However, the in vivo metabolic profiles of diosmin and diosmetin in urine, plasma and feces still remain ambiguous. In this study, metabolites of diosmin and diosmetin were identified using an UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn strategy coupled with multiple metabolite templates, extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) and diagnostic product ions (DPIs). As a result, 46 diosmetin metabolites and 64 diosmin metabolites were respectively identified in rat biological samples. Methylation, demethylation, hydroxylation, glycosylation, glucuronidation, diglucuronidation and sulfation were common metabolic pathways of diosmetin and diosmin, while demethoxylation, decarbonylation, dihydroxylation and dehydroxylation were particular metabolic pathways of diosmin comparing with that of diosmetin. Diosmetin was not detected in all the biological samples, suggesting that it was quickly transformed into other metabolites in vivo. Diosmin and diosmetin-7-O-glucoside identified in urine and feces as well as their subsequent metabolites accounted for a substantial part of all the diosmin metabolic products. Metabolic profiles of diosmetin and diosmin indicated that they were primarily excreted through the urine route possibly originating from the dominant role of their phase II metabolism in vivo. Our results have provided a better understanding of the similarities and differences in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of diosmetin and diosmin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Gupta P, Singh A, Tiwari S, Mishra A, Maurya R, Singh S. Ulmosides A: Flavonoid 6-C-glycosides from Ulmus wallichiana attenuates lipopolysacchride induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuronal death. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:100-111. [PMID: 30857974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extract of Ulmus wallichiana is being used as traditional medicine used for the treatment of fractured bones however the effect of its individual flavonols is not known. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of its novel flavonol, (2S, 3S)-(+)-30, 40, 5, 7-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol-6-C-b-d-glucopyranoside named as Ulmoside A (UA), on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treated neurons. LPS treatment to neuronal cells caused significant cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, depletion in glutathione and mitochondrial impairment which were significantly inhibited with UA treatment. LPS treatment also caused significant translocation of cytochrome-c, decreased level of Bcl2, increased level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in neuronal cells reflecting the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in neuronal death which was attenuated with UA treatment. Since LPS is a well known pro-inflammatory agent it also offered the significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factors-α & interleukin 1-beta) however, UA treatment did not exhibit significant inhibition against LPS induced inflammatory response. LPS also caused the augmented level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which was also not inhibited with co treatment of UA. We have also observed the significant DNA fragmentation and augmented level of cleaved Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 after LPS treatment which was significantly reverted with UA treatment. Findings suggested that UA acts through mitochondria and exhibited its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities in neuronal cells while no significant anti-inflammatory activity and effect on iNOS were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Shubhangini Tiwari
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Lee S, Youn K, Kim DH, Ahn MR, Yoon E, Kim OY, Jun M. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Property of Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava on Aβ 25-35-Induced Damage in PC12 Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:E7. [PMID: 30583515 PMCID: PMC6356621 DOI: 10.3390/md17010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and progressive loss of neurons. Therefore, the inhibition of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. Ecklonia cava is an edible brown seaweed, which has been recognized as a rich source of bioactive derivatives, mainly phlorotannins. In this study, phlorotannins including eckol, dieckol, 8,8'-bieckol were used as potential neuroprotective candidates for their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects against Aβ25-35-induced damage in PC12 cells. Among the tested compounds, dieckol showed the highest effect in both suppressing intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspase family. Three phlorotannins were found to inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE₂ production at the protein levels. These result showed that the anti-inflammatory properties of our compounds are related to the down-regulation of proinflammatory enzymes, iNOS and COX-2, through the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway in Aβ25-35-stimulated PC12 cells. Especially, dieckol showed the strong anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of p38, ERK and JNK. However, 8,8'-bieckol markedly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and eckol suppressed the activation of p38. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that dieckol from E. cava might be applied as a drug candidate for the development of new generation therapeutic agents against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungeun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Mok-Ryeon Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Eunju Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Oh-Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
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Mohammadi G, Dargahi L, Naserpour T, Mirzanejad Y, Alizadeh SA, Peymani A, Nassiri-Asl M. Probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 attenuates hippocampal apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Int Microbiol 2018; 22:317-323. [PMID: 30810993 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-00051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the beneficial impact of targeted gut microbiota manipulation in various neurological disorders has become more evident. Therefore, probiotics have been considered as a promising approach to modulate brain gene expression and neuronal pathways even in some neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic biotherapy with combination of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 on the expression levels of proteins critical to neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rats. Four groups of animals (Control, LPS, Probiotic + LPS, and Probiotic) were treated with maltodextrin (placebo) or probiotic (109 CFU/ml/rat) for 2 weeks by gavage. On the 15th day, a single intraperitoneal dose of saline or LPS (1 mg/kg) was injected and 4 h later, protein assessment was performed by western blotting in hippocampal tissues. LPS significantly increased the Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspase-3 expression along with decreased the Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 protein levels. However, probiotic pretreatment (L. helveticus R0052 + B. longum R0175) significantly downregulated the Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio accompanied with upregulated Bcl-2 expression. Prophylactic treatment with these bacteria also attenuated LPS-induced caspase-3 activation by remarkably increasing the expression of procaspase-3 while reducing the level of cleaved caspase-3 in target tissues. Our data indicate that probiotic formulation (L. helveticus R0052 + B. longum R0175) alleviated hippocampal apoptosis induced by LPS in rats via the gut-brain axis and suggest that this probiotic could play a beneficial role in some neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Naserpour
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mirzanejad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Safar Ali Alizadeh
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran.
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15
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Diosmin is neuroprotective in a rat model of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1376-1383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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16
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Abdelmoneem MA, Mahmoud M, Zaky A, Helmy MW, Sallam M, Fang JY, Elkhodairy KA, Elzoghby AO. Decorating protein nanospheres with lactoferrin enhances oral COX-2 inhibitor/herbal therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2377-2395. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Lactoferrin (LF)-targeted gliadin nanoparticles (GL-NPs) were developed for targeted oral therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials & methods: Celecoxib and diosmin were incorporated in the hydrophobic matrix of GL-NPs whose surface was decorated with LF by electrostatic interaction for binding to asialoglycoprotein receptors overexpressed by liver cancer cells. Results: Targeted GL-NPs showed enhanced cytotoxic activity and increased cellular uptake in liver tumor cells compared with nontargeted NPs. Moreover, they demonstrated superior in vivo antitumor effects including reduction in the expression levels of tumor biomarkers and induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis. Ex vivo imaging of isolated organs exhibited extensive accumulation of NPs in livers more than other organs. Conclusion: LF-targeted GL-NPs could be considered as an efficient nanoplatform for targeted oral drug delivery for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Abdelmoneem
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mazen Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology & Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science & Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kadria A Elkhodairy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technologies, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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17
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El-Fawal R, El Fayoumi HM, Mahmoud MF. Diosmin and crocin alleviate nephropathy in metabolic syndrome rat model: Effect on oxidative stress and low grade inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:930-937. [PMID: 29710548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy is a serious complication of metabolic syndrome (MS), a global epidemic disorder. This study was undertaken to investigate the actions of diosmin and crocin, two natural ingredients, on diabetic nephropathy in a rat model of MS and the underlying mechanism(s). Metabolic syndrome was induced by the addition of 10% fructose to drinking water and placing the rats on high-salt diet for 16 weeks. Diosmin and Crocin were orally administrated daily for 10 weeks starting at week 6. At the end of study, arterial blood pressure was non-invasively recorded. Urine, serum and kidneys were collected for renal function, oxidative stress, glycemic parameters, inflammatory markers and histological analysis. Both Diosmin and Crocin improved insulin resistance, decreased blood pressure, uric acid, lipoproteins and blocked diabetic nephropathy as indicated by reduction of albumin excretion rate and albumin/creatinine ratio. They alleviated the impaired filtration in MS as indicated by increased creatinine clearance. They also ameliorated oxidative stress and the low-grade 1inflammation as indicated by reduction of serum TNF-α and inflammatory cells. These observations suggest that both Diosmin and Crocin alleviate metabolic syndrome and the associated nephropathy in rats, possibly, through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania El-Fawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hassan M El Fayoumi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University Qantara, El Arish - El Masaid, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt.
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18
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Central and peripheral anti-hyperalgesic effects of diosmin in a neuropathic pain model in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:310-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Abstract
Injury or dysfunction of somatosensory system induces a complex syndrome called neuropathic pain, which still needs adequate pharmacological control. The current pharmacological treatments were in part developed from natural compounds. Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic molecules presenting varied biological activities and low toxicity. The flavonoid diosmin is a safe compound with good tolerability and low toxicity. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of diosmin in the sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain model. Male Swiss mice were submitted to CCI and 7 days after, diosmin at 1 or 10 mg/kg was administrated intraperitoneally. Mechanical (electronic analgesimeter) and thermal (hot plate) hyperalgesia were evaluated 1-24 h after treatment. The role of the NO/cGMP/PKG/KATP channel signaling pathway in the analgesic effect of diosmin was evaluated using the pretreatment with L-NAME (an inhibitor of NOS), ODQ (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase), KT5823 (an inhibitor of PKG), or glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channels blocker). Single treatment with diosmin inhibited in a dose-dependent manner CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia by activating the NO/cGMP/PKG/KATP channel signaling pathway and inhibiting spinal cord cytokine (Il-1β and Il-33/St2) and glial cells activation (microglia - Iba-1, oligodendrocytes - Olig2) mRNA expression markers. Daily treatment during 7 days with diosmin inhibited CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia by inhibiting spinal cord cytokine (Il-1β, Tnfα, and Il-33/St2) and glial cells activation (astrocytes - Gfap, Iba-1, and Olig2) markers mRNA expression. In conclusion, diosmin inhibits neuropathic spinal cord nociceptive mechanisms suggesting this flavonoid as a potential therapeutic molecule to reduce nerve lesion-induced neuropathic pain.
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20
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Ahmed S, Mundhe N, Borgohain M, Chowdhury L, Kwatra M, Bolshette N, Ahmed A, Lahkar M. Diosmin Modulates the NF-kB Signal Transduction Pathways and Downregulation of Various Oxidative Stress Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy. Inflammation 2017; 39:1783-97. [PMID: 27492452 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress plays an imperative role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. NF-kB is an important transcription factor in eukaryotes which regulates a diverse array of cellular process, including inflammation, immunological response, apoptosis, growth and development. Increased expression of NF-kB plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the nephroprotective nature of diosmin by assessing the various biochemical parameters, markers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight). Seventy-two hours after the conformation of diabetes (blood glucose level ≥ 250 mg/dl), the rats were segregated into four groups, each group having six animals. Diabetic rats were treated with diosmin at a dose of 50 mg and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. After the 28th day of treatment, rats were sacrificed, blood serum, plasma and kidney tissue were collected for various biochemical analysis. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured through ELISA kit. Diosmin treatment produces significant reduction in the blood glucose and plasma insulin level and increases the body weight when compared with diabetic rats. Elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly restored after 28 days of diosmin treatment. Diosmin treatment group also restores the normal architecture of the kidney tissue which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Moreover, oral administration of diosmin shows a significant normalization in the level of NF-kB, proving its pivotal role in maintaining renal function. The above ameliorative effects were more pronounced with diosmin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The above results permit us to conclude that treatment with diosmin halts hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress and decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines and thus has beneficial anti-diabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.
| | - Nitin Mundhe
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Manash Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Liakat Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Anwaruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560074, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
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21
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Shalkami AS, Hassan MIA, Bakr AG. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity of diosmin in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:78-86. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117694075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AS Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - MIA Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - AG Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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22
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Diosmin induce apoptosis through modulation of STAT-3 signaling in 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced harmster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1064-1070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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23
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Bioactive Compounds and Their Neuroprotective Effects in Diabetic Complications. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080472. [PMID: 27483315 PMCID: PMC4997385 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and impaired insulin signaling during the development of diabetes can cause diabetic complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Although various therapeutics are available for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, no absolute cure exists, and additional research is necessary to comprehensively understand the underlying pathophysiological pathways. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of bioactive compounds, i.e., flavonoids and vitamins, which may be effective as supplementary treatments for diabetes and its complications. In this review, we highlight the most recent reports about the mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds (flavonoids and vitamins) possessing potential neuroprotective properties in diabetic conditions. Additional clinical studies are required to determine the appropriate dose and duration of bioactive compound supplementation for neuroprotection in diabetic patients.
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24
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Dholakiya SL, Aliberti A, Barile FA. Morphine sulfate concomitantly decreases neuronal differentiation and opioid receptor expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. Toxicol Lett 2016; 247:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Ayuk SM, Abrahamse H, Houreld NN. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetic Wound Healing in relation to Photobiomodulation. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2897656. [PMID: 27314046 PMCID: PMC4893587 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2897656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of several cellular responses initiates the process of wound healing. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an integral role in wound healing. Their main function is degradation, by removal of damaged extracellular matrix (ECM) during the inflammatory phase, breakdown of the capillary basement membrane for angiogenesis and cell migration during the proliferation phase, and contraction and remodelling of tissue in the remodelling phase. For effective healing to occur, all wounds require a certain amount of these enzymes, which on the contrary could be very damaging at high concentrations causing excessive degradation and impaired wound healing. The imbalance in MMPs may increase the chronicity of a wound, a familiar problem seen in diabetic patients. The association of diabetes with impaired wound healing and other vascular complications is a serious public health issue. These may eventually lead to chronic foot ulcers and amputation. Low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) or photobiomodulation (PBM) is known to stimulate several wound healing processes; however, its role in matrix proteins and diabetic wound healing has not been fully investigated. This review focuses on the role of MMPs in diabetic wound healing and their interaction in PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Matabi Ayuk
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- *Nicolette Nadene Houreld:
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Diosmin downregulates the expression of T cell receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Bayunova LV, Parnova RG, Avrova NF. Antiapoptotic effect of gangliosides on PC12 cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Kang N, Zhang N, Wang H, Xue J, Yu J, Yang Y, Cui H, Cui L, Wang L, Wang X. Diosmin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through activating JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in mice. Neuroscience 2014; 268:318-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Serra R, Grande R, Butrico L, Buffone G, Caliò FG, Squillace A, Rizzo BA, Massara M, Spinelli F, Ferrarese AG, de Caridi G, Gallelli L, de Franciscis S. Effects of a new nutraceutical substance on clinical and molecular parameters in patients with chronic venous ulceration. Int Wound J 2014; 13:88-96. [PMID: 24612734 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological events involved in the onset of chronic venous ulceration (CVU) are inflammation, activation of polymorphonucleates (PMNs) and secretion of proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) that is a support for vascular and tissutal wall. MMPs, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in CVUs and they could play a central role in pathophysiological mechanisms of skin lesion and delayed wound healing. Bioflavonoids, such as diosmin and other compounds, appear to have several provessel function activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and phlebotonic effects and are widely used in the treatment of chronic venous disease (CVD)-related problems. In this article, we evaluated the effects of Axaven(®) , a new nutraceutical on both clinical and molecular parameters in patients with CVUs. During the study period, 83 patients with CVUs of both sexes were enrolled and divided into two groups: group A (treated group): 25 females and 19 males (median age is 67·7 years) received standard treatment (compression therapy and surgical correction of superficial venous incompetence) + Axaven(®) once a day for 8 months as adjunctive treatment. Group B (control group): 24 females and 15 males (median age is 65·2 years) were treated only with basic treatment according to their clinical conditions. In our study, the administration of Axaven(®) in patients with CVUs was able to decrease inflammatory cytokines, MMPs and NGAL, inducing an improvement of both symptoms with an increase of the speed of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology, International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Buffone
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Aida Squillace
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Barbara A Rizzo
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mafalda Massara
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, "Policlinico G. Martino" Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, "Policlinico G. Martino" Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia G Ferrarese
- Section of General Surgery, Teaching Hospital "San Luigi Gonzaga", School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Caridi
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, "Policlinico G. Martino" Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology, International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Poon VY, Choi S, Park M. Growth factors in synaptic function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2013; 5:6. [PMID: 24065916 PMCID: PMC3776238 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2013.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are increasingly recognized as key structures that malfunction in disorders like schizophrenia, mental retardation, and neurodegenerative diseases. The importance and complexity of the synapse has fuelled research into the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. In this regard, neurotrophic factors such as netrin, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and others have gained prominence for their ability to regulate synaptic function. Several of these factors were first implicated in neuroprotection, neuronal growth, and axon guidance. However, their roles in synaptic development and function have become increasingly clear, and the downstream signaling pathways employed by these factors have begun to be elucidated. In this review, we will address the role of these factors and their downstream effectors in synaptic function in vivo and in cultured neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Poon
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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Bogucka –Kocka A, Woźniak M, Feldo M, Kocki J, Szewczyk K. Diosmin – Isolation Techniques, Determination in Plant Material and Pharmaceutical Formulations, and Clinical Use. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmin is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside used in the treatment of venous diseases. In this review, we present the clinical aspects of the use of diosmin preparations in venous stasis, hemorrheologic disorders and vein wall remodeling. Because of its multiple applications in biology and its many therapeutic activities, research on isolation and identification of diosmin is of high relevance. The aim of this review is to present an overview of techniques of isolation and separation of diosmin in plant material, pharmaceutical formulations such as Daflon®, Diosed® and Dioven® tablets, and biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bogucka –Kocka
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, Lublin, 20-093 Chodźki 1, Poland
| | - Michał Woźniak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, Lublin, 20-093 Chodźki 1, Poland
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Staszica 11, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-080 Radziwiłłowska 11, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szewczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, Lublin, 20-093 Chodźki 1, Poland
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Yagnik RM, Benzeroual KE. Tigecycline prevents LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in neuronal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Diosmin protects against trichloroethylene-induced renal injury in Wistar rats: plausible role of p53, Bax and caspases. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:699-710. [PMID: 23402272 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diosmin (DM) is a naturally occurring flavone and has been found to possess numerous therapeutic properties. In this study, we used DM as a protective agent against the nephrotoxic effects of the environmental toxicant trichloroethylene (TCE). Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (I-V, n 6). Groups II, III and IV received an oral administration of TCE at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight for twenty consecutive days. The animals in groups II and III received an oral treatment of DM at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for twenty consecutive days, while groups I and V were given maize oil (5 ml/kg body weight and DM 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively) for 20 d. The protective effects of DM on TCE-induced oxidative stress and caspase-dependent apoptosis were investigated by assaying oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation (LPO), serum toxicity markers, alkaline unwinding assay, caspase-3, -7 and -9, Bax and p53 expression. Oral administration of TCE in rats enhanced renal LPO, depleted glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes, induced DNA strand breaks (P<0·001), modulated the expression of Bax and p53 protein and induced the expression of caspase-3, -7 and -9. Co-treatment with DM prevented oxidative stress by restoring the levels of antioxidant enzymes; furthermore, a significant dose-dependent decrease in DNA disintegration and kidney toxicity markers such as blood urea N, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase and kidney injury molecule-1 was observed. DM also effectively decreased the TCE-induced up-regulation of Bax and p53. Data from the present study establish the protective role of DM against TCE-induced renal damage.
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