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Rizvi ZA, Sadhu S, Dandotiya J, Sharma P, Binayke A, Singh V, Das V, Khatri R, Kumar R, Samal S, Kalia M, Awasthi A. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces thymic atrophy mediated by IFN-γ in hACE2 transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350624. [PMID: 38655818 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic infections cause thymic atrophy, perturb thymic T-cell development, and alter immunological response. Previous studies reported dysregulated T-cell function and lymphopenia in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, immunopathological changes in the thymus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have not been elucidated. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infects thymocytes, and induces CD4+CD8+ (double positive; DP) T-cell apoptosis leading to thymic atrophy and loss of peripheral TCR repertoire in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Infected thymus led to increased CD44+CD25- T-cells, indicating an early arrest in the T-cell maturation pathway. Thymic atrophy was notably higher in male hACE2-Tg mice than in females and involved an upregulated de-novo synthesis pathway of thymic glucocorticoid. Further, IFN-γ was crucial for thymic atrophy, as anti-IFN-γ -antibody neutralization blunted thymic involution. Therapeutic use of Remdesivir also rescued thymic atrophy. While the Omicron variant and its sub-lineage BA.5 variant caused marginal thymic atrophy, the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited severe thymic atrophy characterized by severely depleted DP T-cells. Recently characterized broadly SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody P4A2 was able to rescue thymic atrophy and restore the thymic maturation pathway of T-cells. Together, we report SARS-CoV-2-associated thymic atrophy resulting from impaired T-cell maturation pathway which may contribute to dyregulated T cell response during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Jyotsna Dandotiya
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Puja Sharma
- Regional Centre Biotechnology, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Akshay Binayke
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vinayaka Das
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Khatri
- Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manjula Kalia
- Regional Centre Biotechnology, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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2
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Rizvi ZA, Madan U, Tripathy MR, Goswami S, Mani S, Awasthi A, Dikshit M. Evaluation of Ayush-64 (a Polyherbal Formulation) and Its Ingredients in the Syrian Hamster Model for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reveals the Preventative Potential of Alstonia scholaris. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1333. [PMID: 37765142 PMCID: PMC10534577 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of Ayush-64 (A64), a polyherbal formulation containing Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (A. scholaris), Caesalpinia crista L. (C. crista), Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth (P. kurroa), and Swertia chirata (Roxb.) H. Karst. (S. chirata) against COVID-19 in a Syrian hamster infection model. Preventative use of A64 resulted in the late-phase recovery of body weight loss in severe acquired respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected hamsters, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and blunted pulmonary pathology. In addition, we also investigated the efficacy of individual ingredients of A64, viz., A. scholaris, C. crista, P. kurroa, and S. chirata, in the hamster model. The hamster challenge data showed robust anti-viral and immunomodulatory potential in A. scholaris, followed by P. kurroa. However, C. crista and S. chirata of A64 showed prominent immunomodulatory potential without limiting the lung viral load. In order to better understand the immunomodulatory potential of these herbal extracts, we used an in vitro assay of helper T cell differentiation and found that A. scholaris mediated a more profound suppression of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation as compared to A64 and other ingredients. Taken together, our animal study data identifies the ameliorative potential of A64 in mitigating coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pulmonary pathology. A. scholaris, a constituent extract of A64, showed relatively higher anti-viral and immunomodulatory potential against COVID-19. The present study warrants further investigations to identify the active pharmaceutical ingredients of A. scholaris for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (U.M.); (M.R.T.); (S.G.)
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Upasna Madan
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (U.M.); (M.R.T.); (S.G.)
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Tripathy
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (U.M.); (M.R.T.); (S.G.)
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Sandeep Goswami
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (U.M.); (M.R.T.); (S.G.)
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Non-Communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India;
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (U.M.); (M.R.T.); (S.G.)
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-Communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India;
- Pharmacology Department, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Rd., Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
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3
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Rizvi ZA, Dandotiya J, Sadhu S, Khatri R, Singh J, Singh V, Adhikari N, Sharma K, Das V, Pandey AK, Das B, Medigeshi G, Mani S, Bhatnagar S, Samal S, Pandey AK, Garg PK, Awasthi A. Omicron sub-lineage BA.5 infection results in attenuated pathology in hACE2 transgenic mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:935. [PMID: 37704701 PMCID: PMC10499788 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently emerged sub-lineage of Omicron, BA.5, together with BA.4, caused a fifth wave of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in South Africa and subsequently emerged as a predominant strain globally due to its high transmissibility. The lethality of BA.5 infection has not been studied in an acute hACE2 transgenic (hACE2.Tg) mouse model. Here, we investigated tissue-tropism and immuno-pathology induced by BA.5 infection in hACE2.Tg mice. Our data show that intranasal infection of BA.5 in hACE2.Tg mice resulted in attenuated pulmonary infection and pathology with diminished COVID-19-induced clinical and pathological manifestations. BA.5, similar to Omicron (B.1.1.529), infection led to attenuated production of inflammatory cytokines, anti-viral response and effector T cell response as compared to the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2, Wuhan-Hu-1. We show that mice recovered from B.1.1.529 infection showed robust protection against BA.5 infection associated with reduced lung viral load and pathology. Together, our data provide insights as to why BA.5 infection escapes previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure induced-T cell immunity but may result in milder immuno-pathology and alleviated chances of re-infectivity in Omicron-recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Jyotsna Dandotiya
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Ritika Khatri
- Centre for Viral Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Janmejay Singh
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Neeta Adhikari
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Kritika Sharma
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Vinayake Das
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Centre for Tuberculosis and Bacterial Diseases Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Centre for Microbiome and Anti-Microbial Resistance, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Guruprasad Medigeshi
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Shalendra Mani
- Centre for Viral Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Centre for Viral Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Department of Physiology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Centre for Immuno-biology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
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Bhardwaj N, Chauhan P, Chandra H, Singh A, Gupta NJ. Polydispersed Acid-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induced the Integrin-Associated Protein (CD47) and Basigin (CD147) Expression and Modulated the Antioxidant Gene Expression in Erythroid Cells in Mice. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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5
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Hanasoge Somasundara AV, Moss MA, Feigman MJ, Chen C, Cyrill SL, Ciccone MF, Trousdell MC, Vollbrecht M, Li S, Kendall J, Beyaz S, Wilkinson JE, Dos Santos CO. Parity-induced changes to mammary epithelial cells control NKT cell expansion and mammary oncogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110099. [PMID: 34879282 PMCID: PMC8719356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy reprograms mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to control their responses to pregnancy hormone re-exposure and carcinoma progression. However, the influence of pregnancy on the mammary microenvironment is less clear. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the composition of epithelial and non-epithelial cells in mammary tissue from nulliparous and parous female mice. Our analysis indicates an expansion of γδ natural killer T-like immune cells (NKTs) following pregnancy and upregulation of immune signaling molecules in post-pregnancy MECs. We show that expansion of NKTs following pregnancy is due to elevated expression of the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d on MECs. Loss of CD1d expression on post-pregnancy MECs, or overall lack of activated NKTs, results in mammary oncogenesis. Collectively, our findings illustrate how pregnancy-induced changes modulate the communication between MECs and the immune microenvironment and establish a causal link between pregnancy, the immune microenvironment, and mammary oncogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Cell Communication
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, BRCA1
- Genes, myc
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mammary Glands, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Parity
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew A Moss
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Mary J Feigman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Macy Vollbrecht
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siran Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jude Kendall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Mia MB, Saxena RK. Toxicity of poly-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes on bone marrow derived Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:82-92. [PMID: 34345853 PMCID: PMC8320641 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study has explored the effect of acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell (HSPCs) in mouse bone marrow. Administration of AF-SWCNTs induced a significant decline in the live-cell recovery from bone marrow. Lin-negative Stem cell enriched HSPCs internalized AF-SWCNTs that remained localized in cytoplasmic areas. Incubation of HSPCs with AF-SWCNTs resulted in induction of cell death, inhibition of cell cycle, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression of Caspase 3, 7 and 9 enzymes. In vitro culture with a cytokine cocktail (SCF, GM-CSF, IL3, IL6, IL7) induced differentiation of HSPCs into lymphocytes and myeloid cells, that was inhibited in presence of AF-SWCNTs. Relative recoveries of lymphocytes specifically B lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by AF-SWCNT-treatment, whereas the relative recovery of myeloid cells remained unaltered. These results suggest that AF-SWCNTs have significant toxic effects on HSPCs and differentially suppress the ontogeny of lymphoid and myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Babu Mia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rajiv K. Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
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7
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Bhardwaj D, Saxena RK. Poly-dispersed Acid-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) Are Potent Inhibitor of BCG Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Inflammation 2021; 44:908-922. [PMID: 33400104 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is focused on the modulation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced inflammatory response by poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) in macrophages. Flow cytometric and confocal microscopy studies indicated that both BCG and AF-SWCNTs were efficiently internalized by RAW 264.7 and MH-S macrophage cell lines and were essentially localized in the cytoplasmic area. BCG-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide by the two cell lines was significantly inhibited by AF-SWCNTs. Using RT-PCR technique, a marked decline was observed in the expression of BCG-induced pro-inflammatory genes COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β upon treatment with AF-SWCNTs. Results of gelatin zymography indicated that the AF-SWCNTs treatment also induced a marked decline in BCG-induced release of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 by the two macrophage cell lines. The anti-inflammatory effect of AF-SWCNTs in downregulating BCG-induced inflammatory response was further validated in murine peritoneal macrophages. Treatment with AF-SWCNTs led to a steep decline in BCG-induced NO production in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro as well as in vivo. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice treated with BCG and AF-SWCNTs had a significantly lower intracellular expression of COX-2 as compared to the peritoneal macrophages derived from mice treated with BCG alone. Taken together, our results demonstrate a potent anti-inflammatory effect of AF-SWCNTs in alleviating BCG-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Bhardwaj
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajiv K Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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8
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Mia MB, Saxena RK. Poly dispersed acid-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes target activated T and B cells to suppress acute and chronic GVHD in mouse model. Immunol Lett 2020; 224:30-37. [PMID: 32504776 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) results from hyper-activation of transplanted lymphocytes against the host antigens. Bone marrow transplantation in humans as well as some cases of blood transfusion and organ transplantation are associated with a strong GVH reaction resulting in GVHD that in many cases may be fatal. We had previously shown that poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) specifically target activated T and B lymphocytes and kill them. In the present study, efficacy of AF-SWCNTs to suppress the GVH reaction was tested in the mouse model. Acute GVHD was induced in mice by administering intravenously 30 or 60 million spleen cells from a parental strain (C57bl/6 mouse, MHC haplotype H-2b) to host (C57bl/6 x Balb/c) F1 mice (MHC haplotype H-2b/d)and waiting for 8-10 days. Chronic GVHD was similarly induced by administration of 30 million parent spleen cells to F1 mice and waiting for a period of 60 days. Our results demonstrate a marked decline in splenomegaly and recovery of spleen T (both CD4 and CD8) and B cells in GVHD mice treated with AF-SWCNTs. AF-SWCNTs treatment also limited T and B cell proliferation by restricting S-phage of cell cycle. Generation of anti-host cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) was also markedly suppressed by AF-SWCNT treatment of acute GVHD mice, and a significant reduction in the generation of anti-host antibodies could also be demonstrated. Taken together, our results suggest that the AF-SWCNTs can be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for treating GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Babu Mia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajiv K Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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9
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Dutt TS, Saxena RK. Enhanced antibody response to ovalbumin coupled to poly-dispersed acid functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes. Immunol Lett 2020; 217:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Paudel S, Mehtani D, Puri N. Mast Cells May Differentially Regulate Growth of Lymphoid Neoplasms by Opposite Modulation of Histamine Receptors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1280. [PMID: 31824856 PMCID: PMC6881378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer microenvironment is complex and consists of various immune cells. There is evidence for mast cell (MC) infiltration of tumors, but their role thereof is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effects of mast cell and their mediators on the growth of hematological cancer cells. The affect is demonstrated using RBL-2H3 MCs, and YAC-1, EL4 and L1210 as hematological cancer cell lines. Direct contact with MCs or stimulation by their mediators caused growth inhibition of YAC-1 cells, growth enhancement of EL4 cells and no change in growth of L1210 cells. This effect was confirmed by cancer cell recovery, cell viability, mitochondrial health, and cell cycle analysis. MCs showed mediator release in direct contact with tumor cells. MC mediators' treatment to YAC-1 and EL4 yielded exactly opposite modulations of survival markers, Survivin and COX-2 and apoptosis markers, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, in the two cell lines. Histamine being an important MC mediator, effect of histamine on cell recovery, survival markers and expression of various histamine receptors and their modulation in cancer cells was studied. Again, YAC-1 and EL4 cells showed contrary histamine receptor expression modulation in response to MC mediators. Histamine receptor antagonist co-treatment with MC mediators to the cancer cells suggested a major involvement of H2 and H4 receptor in growth inhibition in YAC-1 cells, and contribution of H1, H2, and H4 receptors in cell growth enhancement in EL4 cells. L1210 showed changes in the histamine receptors' expression but no effect on treatment with receptor antagonists. It can be concluded that anti-cancerous action of MCs or their mediators may include direct growth inhibition, but their role may differ depending on the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Paudel
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Mehtani
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Niti Puri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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11
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Dutt TS, Mia MB, Saxena RK. Elevated internalization and cytotoxicity of polydispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in activated B cells can be basis for preferential depletion of activated B cells in vivo. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:849-860. [PMID: 31232140 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1593541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of polydispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) in resting and LPS-activated B cells was studied using fluorescence-tagged AF-SWCNTs (FAF-SWCNTs). Activated B cells internalized substantially higher amounts of FAF-SWCNTs [76.5% AF-SWCNT+ B cells, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 720.6] as compared to the resting B cells [39.5% AF-SWCNT+ B cells, MFI 198.5]. B cells in S and G2/M phases were found to have significantly higher uptake of FAF-SWCNTs as compared to cells in G0/G1 phase. Confocal microscopy indicated that AF-SWCNTs were essentially localized on cell membrane in resting B cells, whereas in activated B cells, AF-SWCNTs were distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Targeting of AF-SWCNTs specifically to activated B cells in vivo was examined by first administering intravenously LPS-activated B cells tagged with fluorescence tracer (CFSE) in mice, followed by FAF-SWCNTs through the same route. It was found that FAF-SWCNTs were specifically taken up by CFSE+CD19+-activated B cells (95% FAF-SWCNT+ B cells, MFI 3725) as compared to CFSE- CD19+ resting B cells (31.1% FAF-SWCNT+ B cells, MFI 428). Administration (i.v.) of LPS resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of B cell in mouse spleen that was reduced by 68% by administering AF-SWCNTs. In control mice, the corresponding decrease in B cell proportion was 49%, which was significantly lower (p < 0.005) than the decline in LPS-treated mice. These results indicate that AF-SWCNTs may have the potential as an agent for depleting activated B cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru S Dutt
- a Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , South Asian University , Chanakyapuri , India
| | - Md Babu Mia
- a Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , South Asian University , Chanakyapuri , India
| | - Rajiv K Saxena
- a Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , South Asian University , Chanakyapuri , India
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12
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Humeniuk P, Geiselhart S, Battin C, Webb T, Steinberger P, Paster W, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. Generation of a Jurkat-based fluorescent reporter cell line to evaluate lipid antigen interaction with the human iNKT cell receptor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7426. [PMID: 31092850 PMCID: PMC6520406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a specialized subset of T cells contributing to both, the innate and adaptive immune responses. In contrast to conventional T lymphocytes they recognize lipid antigens. The aim of the project is to establish a novel model system, to study iNKT-TCR - ligand interaction. An iNKT reporter cell line (JE6-1REP-iNKT) was engineered by introducing the human iNKT-TCR into a human leukemic T cell line carrying an NF-κB-driven fluorescent transcriptional reporter construct. Antigen presenting BWSTIM cells expressing human CD1d and CD80 were generated. Reporter induction in JE6-1REP-iNKT cells was assessed by flow cytometry. CRISPR/Cas9 was used for β2M knock out in JE6-1REP-iNKT cells to abrogate CD1d expression and thus excluding antigen self-presentation. Reporter cells were shown to specifically react with iNKT antigens presented via CD1d. Their sensitivity towards α-GalCer was comparable to a murine iNKT hybridoma cell line. In conclusion, we created a novel iNKT reporter platform which, compared to traditional iNKT cell assays, is characterized by a shorter turnaround time and lower costs. It thus facilitates the identification of antigenic structures that drive the activation of iNKT cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Humeniuk
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Geiselhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Battin
- Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tonya Webb
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Rizvi ZA, Puri N, Saxena RK. Evidence of CD1d pathway of lipid antigen presentation in mouse primary lung epithelial cells and its up-regulation upon Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0210116. [PMID: 30596774 PMCID: PMC6312317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presentation of a prototype lipid antigen α-Galactosylceramide (αGC) was examined on primary epithelial cells derived from mouse lungs and on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells that essentially comprise alveolar macrophages. Presence of CD1d molecules coupled to αGC was demonstrated on both types of cells pre-treated with αGC, suggesting that both cell types are equipped to present lipid antigens. Internalization of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG: a prototype pathogen), a pre-requisite to the processing and presentation of protein as well as lipid antigens, was clearly demonstrated in primary lung epithelial (PLE) cells as well as BAL cells. Both PLE and BAL cells expressed CD1d molecule and a significant up-regulation of its expression occurred upon infection of these cells with BCG. Besides CD1d, the expression of other important molecules that participate in lipid antigen presentation pathway (i.e. microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) and Saposin) was also significantly upregulated in PLE and BAL cells upon BCG infection. In situ up-regulation of CD1d expression on lung epithelial cells was also demonstrated in the lungs of mice exposed intra-tracheally to BCG. Taken together these results suggest that lung epithelial cells may have the ability to present lipid antigens and this pathway seems to get significantly upregulated in response to BCG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Niti Puri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Rajiv K. Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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14
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Denney L, Ho LP. The role of respiratory epithelium in host defence against influenza virus infection. Biomed J 2018; 41:218-233. [PMID: 30348265 PMCID: PMC6197993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is the major interface between the environment and the host. Sophisticated barrier, sensing, anti-microbial and immune regulatory mechanisms have evolved to help maintain homeostasis and to defend the lung against foreign substances and pathogens. During influenza virus infection, these specialised structural cells and populations of resident immune cells come together to mount the first response to the virus, one which would play a significant role in the immediate and long term outcome of the infection. In this review, we focus on the immune defence machinery of the respiratory epithelium and briefly explore how it repairs and regenerates after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denney
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells based cancer immunotherapy is an evolving area of cancer therapy, but tumors escape from this treatment modality by altering CD1d expression and its antigen presentation pathway. Here, we have studied the relation of CD1d expression in various breast cancer cell lines to their viability and progression. We observed a novel phenomenon that CD1d expression level increases with the progressive stage of the cancer. A small molecule, zerumbone (ZER) caused down-regulation of CD1d that was accompanied by breast cancer cell growth in vitro. The growth inhibitory effect of ZER against breast cancer cells was augmented by treatment with anti-CD1d mAb. This effect was mediated by G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction coupled with an increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarization. CD1d expression and cell proliferation were inhibited by both CD1d siRNA and ZER. The α-galactosylceramide, a ligand for CD1d, showed increased CD1d expression as well as cell proliferation which was opposite to the effects of ZER. This study shows that, CD1d overexpression is associated with the progressive stages of breast cancer and ZER could be an adjuvant to potentiate cancer immunotherapy.
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16
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Alshehri R, Ilyas AM, Hasan A, Arnaout A, Ahmed F, Memic A. Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedical Applications: Factors, Mechanisms, and Remedies of Toxicity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8149-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alshehri
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Muhammad Ilyas
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Biomaterials
Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department
of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adnan Arnaout
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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