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Gong L, Shen X, Huang N, Wu K, Li R, Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen S, Sun R. Research progress on hepatotoxicity mechanism of polygonum multiflorum and its main components. Toxicon 2024; 248:108040. [PMID: 39038664 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
As a traditional tonic Chinese medicine, Polygonum multiflorum is widely used in clinical practice. However, with the deepening of modern pharmacological research, its drug toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity, has become increasingly prominent. Based on a large number of clinical and experimental evidence, it has been confirmed that Polygonum multiflorum and its main active ingredients such as anthraquinones and diphenylethylene glucoside can cause different degrees of hepatotoxicity. Further studies have shown that the toxicological mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of different extracts and components of Polygonum multiflorum may include oxidative phosphorylation, bile acid excretion, different metabolic pathways, genetic and metabolic factors, immune homeostasis, etc. By sorting out and summarizing the literature related to hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum in recent years, this paper discussed the hepatotoxicity mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum and its main components and some contradictions in related reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xianhui Shen
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Nana Huang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Kaiyi Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Vujica L, Mihaljević I, Dragojević J, Lončar J, Karaica D, Dananić A, Bošnjak A, Smital T. Functional knockout of the Oatp1d1 membrane transporter affects toxicity of diclofenac in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107031. [PMID: 39067263 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) facilitate the cellular uptake of a large number of compounds. Zebrafish Oatp1d1 matches the functional capabilities of human OATP orthologs, particularly in hormone and drug transport. It is highly expressed in the liver and later stages of embryonic development, indicating its critical role in zebrafish physiology and development. Data from previous in vitro analyses have shown a high affinity of zebrafish Oatp1d1 for pharmaceuticals and xenobiotics, providing the basis for further in vivo studies on its defence and developmental functions. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we have generated an Oatp1d1 zebrafish mutant that has highly reduced Oatp1d1 expression in embryos and adult tissues compared to wild type (WT). The absence of Oatp1d1 was confirmed using custom-made antibodies. To evaluate its ecotoxicological relevance, mutant and WT embryos were exposed to increasing concentrations of diclofenac, an NSAID known for its wide and frequent use, environmental pseudo-persistence and ecological implications. WT embryos showed developmental delays and malformations such as spinal curvature, cardiac edema and blood pooling at higher diclofenac concentrations, whereas the Oatp1d1 mutant embryos showed marked resilience, with milder developmental defects and delayed toxic effects. These observations suggest that the absence of Oatp1d1 impedes the efficient entry of diclofenac into hepatocytes, thereby slowing its biotransformation into potentially more toxic metabolites. In addition, the changes in transcript expression of other uptake transporters revealed a highly probable and complex network of compensatory mechanisms. Therefore, the results of this study point to the importance of Oatp1d1-mediated transport of diclofenac, as demonstrated for the first time in vivo using an Oatp1 deficient zebrafish line. Finally, our data indicates that the compensatory role of other transporters with overlapping substrate preferences needs to be considered for a reliable understanding of the physiological and/or defensive role(s) of membrane transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vujica
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Mihaljević
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Dragojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovica Lončar
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Dananić
- University of Zagreb, Radoslava Cimermana 88, 10000, Zagreb; Blaževdolska 1, Blaževdol, 10380 Sveti Ivan Zelina
| | - Arvena Bošnjak
- University of Zagreb, Radoslava Cimermana 88, 10000 Zagreb; Drage Gervaisa 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Mazumder S, Bindu S, Debsharma S, Bandyopadhyay U. Induction of mitochondrial toxicity by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): The ultimate trade-off governing the therapeutic merits and demerits of these wonder drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116283. [PMID: 38750902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are most extensively used over-the-counter FDA-approved analgesic medicines for treating inflammation, musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, pyrexia and menstrual cramps. Moreover, aspirin is widely used against cardiovascular complications. Owing to their non-addictive nature, NSAIDs are also commissioned as safer opioid-sparing alternatives in acute trauma and post-surgical treatments. In fact, therapeutic spectrum of NSAIDs is expanding. These "wonder-drugs" are now repurposed against lung diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, fungal infections and most notably cancer, due to their efficacy against chemoresistance, radio-resistance and cancer stem cells. However, prolonged NSAID treatment accompany several adverse effects. Mechanistically, apart from cyclooxygenase inhibition, NSAIDs directly target mitochondria to induce cell death. Interestingly, there are also incidences of dose-dependent effects where NSAIDs are found to improve mitochondrial health thereby suggesting plausible mitohormesis. While mitochondria-targeted effects of NSAIDs are discretely studied, a comprehensive account emphasizing the multiple dimensions in which NSAIDs affect mitochondrial structure-function integrity, leading to cell death, is lacking. This review discusses the current understanding of NSAID-mitochondria interactions in the pathophysiological background. This is essential for assessing the risk-benefit trade-offs of NSAIDs for judiciously strategizing NSAID-based approaches to manage pain and inflammation as well as formulating effective anti-cancer strategies. We also discuss recent developments constituting selective mitochondria-targeted NSAIDs including theranostics, mitocans, chimeric small molecules, prodrugs and nanomedicines that rationally optimize safer application of NSAIDs. Thus, we present a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic merits and demerits of NSAIDs with mitochondria at its cross roads. This would help in NSAID-based disease management research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.
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Kim SR, Park JW, Choi YJ, Sonn SK, Oh GT, Lee BH, Chang TS. Mitochondrial H 2O 2 Is a Central Mediator of Diclofenac-Induced Hepatocellular Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 38275637 PMCID: PMC10812772 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with adverse consequences, including hepatic injury. The detrimental hepatotoxicity of diclofenac, a widely used NSAID, is primarily connected to oxidative damage in mitochondria, which are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The primary ROS responsible for inducing diclofenac-related hepatocellular toxicity and the principal antioxidant that mitigates these ROS remain unknown. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and potent H2O2-eliminating enzyme in the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Here, we investigated the role of mitochondrial H2O2 and the protective function of PrxIII in diclofenac-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Mitochondrial H2O2 levels were differentiated from other types of ROS using a fluorescent H2O2 indicator. Upon diclofenac treatment, PrxIII-knockdown HepG2 human hepatoma cells showed higher levels of mitochondrial H2O2 than PrxIII-expressing controls. PrxIII-depleted cells exhibited higher mitochondrial dysfunction as measured by a lower oxygen consumption rate, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin oxidation, and caspase activation, and were more sensitive to apoptosis. Ectopic expression of mitochondrially targeted catalase in PrxIII-knockdown HepG2 cells or in primary hepatocytes derived from PrxIII-knockout mice suppressed the diclofenac-induced accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2 and decreased apoptosis. Thus, we demonstrated that mitochondrial H2O2 is a key mediator of diclofenac-induced hepatocellular damage driven by mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. We showed that PrxIII loss results in the critical accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2 and increases the harmful effects of diclofenac. PrxIII or other antioxidants targeting mitochondrial H2O2 could be explored as potential therapeutic agents to protect against the hepatotoxicity associated with NSAID use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Ri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Sonn
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Bodle KB, Mueller RC, Pernat MR, Kirkland CM. Treatment performance and microbial community structure in an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor amended with diclofenac, erythromycin, and gemfibrozil. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOMES 2023; 2:1242895. [PMID: 38076031 PMCID: PMC10705044 DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1242895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study characterizes the effects of three commonly detected pharmaceuticals-diclofenac, erythromycin, and gemfibrozil-on aerobic granular sludge. Approximately 150 μg/L of each pharmaceutical was fed in the influent to a sequencing batch reactor for 80 days, and the performance of the test reactor was compared with that of a control reactor. Wastewater treatment efficacy in the test reactor dropped by approximately 30-40%, and ammonia oxidation was particularly inhibited. The relative abundance of active Rhodocyclaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, and Nitrospiraceae families declined throughout exposure, likely explaining reductions in wastewater treatment performance. Pharmaceuticals were temporarily removed in the first 12 days of the test via both sorption and degradation; both removal processes declined sharply thereafter. This study demonstrates that aerobic granular sludge may successfully remove pharmaceuticals in the short term, but long-term tests are necessary to confirm if pharmaceutical removal is sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B. Bodle
- Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Mueller
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Madeline R. Pernat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Catherine M. Kirkland
- Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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Li Y, Kim S, Lee S, Kim S. Metabolic effects of diclofenac on the aquatic food chain - 1 H-NMR study of water flea-zebrafish system. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:307-315. [PMID: 37008688 PMCID: PMC10050267 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the environment, aquatic organisms are not only directly exposed to pollutants, but the effects can be exacerbated along the food chain. In this study, we investigated the effect of the food (water flea) on the secondary consumer (zebrafish) with the exposure diclofenac (DCF) Both organisms were exposed to an environmentally relevant concentrations (15 µg/L) of diclofenac for five days, and zebrafish were fed exposed and non-exposed water fleas, respectively. Metabolites of the water fleas were directly analyzed using HRMAS NMR, and for zebrafish, polar metabolite were extracted and analyzed using liquid NMR. Metabolic profiling was performed and statistically significant metabolites which affected by DCF exposure were identified. There were more than 20 metabolites with variable importance (VIP) score greater than 1.0 in comparisons in fish groups, and identified metabolites differed depending on the effect of exposure and the effect of food. Specifically, exposure to DCF significantly increased alanine and decreased NAD + in zebrafish, which means energy demand was increased. Additionally, the effects of exposed food decreased in guanosine, a neuroprotective metabolite, which explained that the neurometabolic pathway was perturbated by the feeding of exposed food. Our results which short-term exposed primary consumers to pollutants indirectly affected the metabolism of secondary consumers suggest that the long-term exposure further study remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
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Thai PN, Ren L, Xu W, Overton J, Timofeyev V, Nader CE, Haddad M, Yang J, Gomes AV, Hammock BD, Chiamvimonvat N, Sirish P. Chronic Diclofenac Exposure Increases Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Mediators, and Cardiac Dysfunction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:25-37. [PMID: 34499283 PMCID: PMC8904649 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among one of the most commonly prescribed medications for pain and inflammation. Diclofenac (DIC) is a commonly prescribed NSAID that is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its cardiotoxic effects remain largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to DIC increases oxidative stress, which ultimately impairs cardiovascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were treated with DIC for 4 weeks and subsequently subjected to in vivo and in vitro functional assessments. Chronic DIC exposure resulted in not only systolic but also diastolic dysfunction. DIC treatment, however, did not alter blood pressure or electrocardiographic recordings. Importantly, treatment with DIC significantly increased inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as cardiac fibroblast activation and proliferation. There was increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiomyocytes from DIC-treated mice, which may contribute to the more depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced energy production, leading to a significant decrease in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, Ca2+ transients, and sarcomere shortening. Using unbiased metabolomic analyses, we demonstrated significant alterations in oxylipin profiles towards inflammatory features in chronic DIC treatment. CONCLUSIONS Together, chronic treatment with DIC resulted in severe cardiotoxicity, which was mediated, in part, by an increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung N Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - Wilson Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - James Overton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - Valeriy Timofeyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - Carol E Nader
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - Michael Haddad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA.
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, CA, 95616, Davis, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA.
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Villa-Jaimes GS, Moshage H, Avelar-González FJ, González-Ponce HA, Buist-Homan M, Guevara-Lara F, Sánchez-Alemán E, Martínez-Hernández SL, Ventura-Juárez J, Muñoz-Ortega MH, Martínez-Saldaña MC. Molecular and Antioxidant Characterization of Opuntia robusta Fruit Extract and Its Protective Effect against Diclofenac-Induced Acute Liver Injury in an In Vivo Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010113. [PMID: 36670975 PMCID: PMC9855095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A molecular characterization of the main phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Opuntia robusta (OR) fruit extract was carried out, as well as an evaluation of its hepatoprotective effect against diclofenac (DF)-induced acute liver injury was evaluated. Phenols, flavonoids and betalains were quantified, and antioxidant characterization was performed by means of the ABTS•+, DPPH and FRAP assays. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the main biocompounds present in OR fruit extract was carried out via. In the in vivo model, groups of rats were treated prophylactically with the OR fruit extract, betanin and N-acteylcysteine followed by a single dose of DF. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) and relative gene expression of the inducible antioxidant response (Nrf2, Sod2, Hmox1, Nqo1 and Gclc), cell death (Casp3) and DNA repair (Gadd45a) were analyzed. Western blot analysis was performed to measure protein levels of Nrf2 and immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess caspase-3 activity in the experimental groups. In our study, the OR fruit extract showed strong antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as betalain and phenols. We conclude that OR fruit extract or selected components can be used clinically to support patients with acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Stephanie Villa-Jaimes
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fidel Guevara-Lara
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Sánchez-Alemán
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Aguascalientes 20180, Mexico
| | - Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Ma. Consolación Martínez-Saldaña
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Bouly L, Fenet H, Carayon JL, Gomez E, Géret F, Courant F. Metabolism of the aquatic pollutant diclofenac in the Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater gastropod. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85081-85094. [PMID: 35790636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of organic contaminants in Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater gastropod remains unknown. Yet, pharmaceuticals-like the NSAID diclofenac-are continuously released in the aquatic environment, thereby representing a risk to aquatic organisms. In addition, lower invertebrates may be affected by this pollution since they are likely to bioaccumulate contaminants. The metabolism of pharmaceuticals in L. stagnalis requires further investigation to understand their detoxification mechanisms and characterized the risk posed by contaminant exposure in this species. In this study, a non-targeted strategy using liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to highlight metabolites formed in L. stagnalis freshwater snails exposed to 300 µg/L diclofenac for 3 and 7 days. Nineteen metabolites were revealed by this approach, 12 of which were observed for the first time in an aquatic organism exposed to diclofenac. Phase I metabolism involved hydroxylation, with detection of 3'-, 4'-, and 5-hydroxydiclofenac and three dihydroxylated metabolites, as well as cyclization, oxidative decarboxylation, and dehydrogenation, while phase II metabolism consisted of glucose and sulfate conjugation. Among these reactions, the two main DCF detoxification pathways detected in L. stagnalis were hydroxylation (phase I) and glucosidation (phase II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bouly
- Biochimie Et Toxicologie Des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Carayon
- Biochimie Et Toxicologie Des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Géret
- Biochimie Et Toxicologie Des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France.
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Youssef AM, Song DK. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces adenosine release from macrophages via TRPM7-mediated mitochondrial activation. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:317-343. [PMID: 35779163 PMCID: PMC9391566 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though macrophages have the potential to harm tissues through excessive release of inflammatory mediators, they play protective roles to maintain tissue integrity. In this study, we hypothesized that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), via G2A and A2B receptors, puts brakes on macrophages by the induction of adenosine release which could contribute to termination of inflammation. Mechanistically, LPC-induced PGE2 production followed by the activation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway which results in the activation of LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway leading to increasing Mg2+ influx concomitantly with an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, Δψm) and ATP production. Then, ATP is converted to adenosine intracellularly followed by efflux via ENT1. In a parallel pathway, LPC-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium was essential for adenosine release, and Ca2+/calmodulin signaling cooperated with PKA to regulate ENT1 permeation to adenosine. Pharmacological blockade of TRPM7 and antisense treatment suppressed LPC-induced adenosine release and magnesium influx in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Moreover, LPC suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of connexin-43, which may counteract TLR4-mediated inflammatory response. Intriguingly, we found LPC increased netrin-1 production from BMDMs. Netrin-1 induces anti-inflammatory signaling via A2B receptor. In the presence of adenosine deaminase which removes adenosine in the medium, the chemotaxis of macrophages toward LPC was significantly increased. Hypoxia and metabolic acidosis are usually developed in a variety of inflammatory situations such as sepsis. We found LPC augmented hypoxia- or acidosis-induced adenosine release from BMDMs. These results provide evidence of LPC-induced brake-like action on macrophages by adenosine release via cellular magnesium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Mohiuddin SG, Ghosh S, Kavousi P, Orman MA. Proton Motive Force Inhibitors Are Detrimental to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0202422. [PMID: 35943153 PMCID: PMC9430991 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02024-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are tolerant of conventional antibiotics, making them extremely dangerous. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of proton motive force (PMF) inhibitors at killing bacterial cells; however, whether these agents can launch a new treatment strategy to eliminate antibiotic-tolerant cells mandates further investigation. Here, using known PMF inhibitors and two different MRSA isolates, we showed that the bactericidal potency of PMF inhibitors seemed to correlate with their ability to disrupt PMF and permeabilize cell membranes. By screening a small chemical library to verify this correlation, we identified a subset of chemicals (including nordihydroguaiaretic acid, gossypol, trifluoperazine, and amitriptyline) that strongly disrupted PMF in MRSA cells by dissipating either the transmembrane electric potential (ΔΨ) or the proton gradient (ΔpH). These drugs robustly permeabilized cell membranes and reduced MRSA cell levels below the limit of detection. Overall, our study further highlights the importance of cellular PMF as a target for designing new bactericidal therapeutics for pathogens. IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a major hypervirulent pathogen that causes severe health care-acquired infections. These pathogens can be multidrug-tolerant cells, which can facilitate the recurrence of chronic infections and the emergence of diverse antibiotic-resistant mutants. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether proton motive force (PMF) inhibitors can launch a new treatment strategy to eliminate MRSA cells. Our in-depth analysis showed that PMF inhibitors that strongly dissipate either the transmembrane electric potential or the proton gradient can robustly permeabilize cell membranes and reduce MRSA cell levels below the limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Golam Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sreyashi Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pouria Kavousi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mehmet A. Orman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Kawase A, Takashima O, Tanaka S, Shimada H, Iwaki M. Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158660. [PMID: 35955793 PMCID: PMC9368861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (DIC) frequently induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is unclear whether macrophages such as M1 and M2 participate in NSAID-associated DILI; elucidating this relationship could lead to a better understanding of the detailed mechanism of DILI. We co-cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells with M1 or M2 derived from human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells to examine the roles of M1 and M2 in DIC-induced cytotoxicity. DIC was added to the direct or indirect co-cultures of HepG2 cells with M1 or M2 (HepG2/M1 or HepG2/M2, respectively) at cell ratios of (1:0, 1:0.1, 1:0.4, and 1:1). In both direct and indirect HepG2/M2 co-cultures (1:0.4), there was lower lactate dehydrogenase release compared with HepG2/M1 co-cultures. Other NSAIDs as well as DIC showed similar protective effects of DIC-induced cytotoxicity. There were only slight differences in mRNA levels of apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated factors between M1 and M2 after DIC treatment, suggesting that other factors determined the protective effects of M2 on DIC-induced cytotoxicity. Levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the medium and the mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 receptors were different between M1 and M2 after DIC treatment. Increased HMGB1 concentrations and expression of toll-like receptor 2 mRNA in M1 were observed compared with M2 after DIC treatment. In conclusion, these results suggested that the HMGB1/TLR2 signaling axis can be suppressed in M2 but not M1, leading to the different roles of M1 and M2 in NSAID-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ouka Takashima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Dai T, Wang Z, Cheng X, Gao H, Liang L, Liu P, Liu X. Uncoupler SYP-14288 inducing multidrug resistance of Phytophthora capsici through overexpression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and P-glycoprotein. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2240-2249. [PMID: 35191608 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungicide resistance has become a serious problem for different mode of action groups except for uncouplers, which makes their resistance mechanism a hot topic, which until now, has not been well clarified. SYP-14288, a newly developed diarylamine fungicide modeled on fluazinam, has shown good toxicity to both oomycete and fungus by the action of uncoupling. In this research, the resistance of Phytophthora capsici to SYP-14288 was studied to clarify the resistance mechanism of uncouplers. RESULTS The toxicity tests of resistant strains against SYP-14288 showed multidrug resistance. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that resistant strains could efflux the fungicide, and this ability could be inhibited by the efflux pump inhibitor amitriptyline. The target protein of amitriptyline is P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which was overexpressed in resistant strains. Three products of nitrate reduction of SYP-14288 were detected and determined by HPLC-Q-TOF. Eight cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) proteins were differentially involved in the reduction reaction. CONCLUSION Both fungicide efflux and detoxification metabolism were involved in the resistance mechanisms of P. capsici to SYP-14288. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingkai Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huige Gao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Liang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
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14
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Shimada H, Ikuta H, Kumazawa K, Nomi M, Shiojiri M, Kawase A, Iwaki M. Relationship between the risk of idiosyncratic drug toxicity and formation and degradation profiles of acyl-glucuronide metabolites of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rat liver microsomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 174:106193. [PMID: 35447304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acyl glucuronides (AGs) are considered to cause idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT), and evaluating the chemical instability of AGs may be useful for predicting the IDT risk of novel drug candidates. However, AGs show variations in their chemical instability, degree of formation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, we evaluated the degree of AG formation, enzymatic hydrolysis, and chemical instability in liver microsomes and their relationship with IDT risk. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were classified into three categories in terms of their IDT risk as parent drugs: safe (SA), warning (WA), and withdrawn (WDN). To evaluate the enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of AG, the parent drugs were incubated with rat liver microsomes in the absence or presence of AG hydrolase inhibitors. The degree of AG formation and disappearance was considered as the rate constant. For all NSAIDs investigated, the number of AGs formed notably increased following addition of AG hydrolase inhibitors. Particularly, AG was produced by WDN drugs at a lower level than that produced by WA and SA drugs in the absence of AG hydrolase inhibitors but was significantly increased after adding AG hydrolase inhibitors. The rate constants of AG formation and non-enzymatic AG disappearance did not significantly differ among the WDN, WA, and SA drugs, whereas the rate constant of enzymatic AG disappearance of WDN drugs tended to be higher than those of WA and SA drugs. In conclusion, we evaluated the enzymatic degradation and chemical instability of AG by simultaneously producing it in liver microsomes. This method enables evaluation of AG degradation without preparing AG. Moreover, we determined the relationship between enzymatic AG degradation in rat liver microsomes and IDT risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ikuta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | | | - Manato Nomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shiojiri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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15
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Zhou Q, Peng Z, Huang X. Establishment of a Stable Acute Drug-Induced Liver Injury Mouse Model by Sodium Cyclamate. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1599-1615. [PMID: 35264869 PMCID: PMC8901264 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s354273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish a stable acute DILI mouse model and explore its possible pathogenesis. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control, low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose sodium cyclamate groups. Mice in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with corresponding doses of sodium cyclamate, and in the control group intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% normal saline. The toxic effects of sodium cyclamate on liver, heart, kidney were evaluated by biochemical index level and histomorphologically observed. The expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results 1. The level of ALT in the low-dose and middle-dose groups at 24h, 72h, 120h and 168h were increased, also in the high-dose group at 24h, 72h and 120h. The level of AST in the low-dose group at 72h, 120h, 168h and in the middle-dose group at 168h were increased, also in the middle-dose and high-dose groups at 24h, 72h and 120h. The levels of CK, CK-MB and cTnT in the low-dose and middle-dose groups at 168h were increased, also in the high-dose group at 24h, 72h and 120h. 2. The damage of hepatocytes increased with the increase of sodium cyclamate dosage and treated time. 3. At 120h, the IOD/Area of TNF-α and IL-1β positive expression increased in the liver tissues with the increase of the dosage. In the heart and kidney tissues, the IOD/Area of TNF-α and IL-1β positive expression in the high-dose group increased significantly. In the kidney tissues, the IOD/Area of IL-1β positive expression in the middle-dose group increased significantly. Conclusion Sodium cyclamate-induced acute DILI mouse model can be established by intraperitoneal injection of 6000 mg/kg/day sodium cyclamate for 5 days successfully. The toxicity of sodium cyclamate to liver showed a dose-response and time-response relationship. Sodium cyclamate induced liver, heart and kidney injury closely related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhongtian Peng, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13873488377, Email
| | - Xialing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiyang People’s Hospital, Leiyang, Hunan, 421800, People’s Republic of China
- Xialing Huang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiyang People’s Hospital, Leiyang, Hunan, 421800, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15200522185, Email
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16
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Villa-Jaimes GS, Aguilar-Mora FA, González-Ponce HA, Avelar-González FJ, Martínez Saldaña MC, Buist-Homan M, Moshage H. Biocomponents from Opuntia robusta and Opuntia streptacantha fruits protect against diclofenac-induced acute liver damage in vivo and in vitro. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Busche M, Rabl D, Fischer J, Schmees C, Mayr T, Gebhardt R, Stelzle M. Continous, non-invasive monitoring of oxygen consumption in a parallelized microfluidic in vitro system provides novel insight into the response to nutrients and drugs of primary human hepatocytes. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:144-161. [PMID: 35145369 PMCID: PMC8822303 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism, differentiation and cell biology in general. Consequently, in vitro oxygen sensing can be used to assess cell vitality and detect specific mechanisms of toxicity. In 2D in vitro models currently used, the oxygen supply provided by diffusion is generally too low, especially for cells having a high oxygen demand. In organ-on-chip systems, a more physiologic oxygen supply can be generated by establishing unidirectional perfusion. We established oxygen sensors in an easy-to-use and parallelized organ-on-chip system. We demonstrated the applicability of this system by analyzing the influence of fructose (40 mM, 80 mM), ammonium chloride (100 mM) and Na-diclofenac (50 µM, 150 µM, 450 µM, 1500 µM) on primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Fructose treatment for two hours showed an immediate drop of oxygen consumption (OC) with subsequent increase to nearly initial levels. Treatment with 80 mM glucose, 20 mM lactate or 20 mM glycerol did not result in any changes in OC which demonstrates a specific effect of fructose. Application of ammonium chloride for two hours did not show any immediate effects on OC, but qualitatively changed the cellular response to FCCP treatment. Na-diclofenac treatment for 24 hours led to a decrease of the maximal respiration and reserve capacity. We also demonstrated the stability of our system by repeatedly treating cells with 40 mM fructose, which led to similar cell responses on the same day as well as on subsequent days. In conclusion, our system enables in depth analysis of cellular respiration after substrate treatment in an unidirectional perfused organ-on-chip system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Busche
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Marius Busche, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Tel.: +49 7121 51530-0, E-mail:
| | - Dominik Rabl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria,PyroScience AT GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,InViSys-Tübingen GbR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Stelzle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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18
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Al-Hayder MN, Aledani TH, Al-Mayyahi RS. Amelioration of the hepatotoxic effects of nonsteroidal drugs using vitamin C and determination of their relationship with the lipid profile. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:715-723. [PMID: 35983440 PMCID: PMC9356344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the various clinical benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, their frequent and prolonged use has led to numerous health risks, including hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress can affect the lipid profile. The objective was to investigate whether post-treatment with vitamin C can ameliorate the effects of diclofenac and naproxen in the livers of prepubertal rats and to highlight their relationship with lipid profile. Methods Forty prepubertal female albino rats were distributed among the control group, the diclofenac-administered group (5 mg/kg/day), and the naproxen-administered group (50 mg/kg/day). This study included two phases. In Phase 1, only five rats from each group were dissected after 21 days of oral administration to assess the hepatotoxic effects of nonsteroidal drugs. In Phase 2, five of the remaining animals in each intervention group were post-treated with 25 mg/kg/day of vitamin C for an additional 21 days. After the administration and post-treatment, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological signs were evaluated. Results Extreme elevation in the levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases was observed in the diclofenac and naproxen groups compared with those in the control (p < 0.001). In addition, the levels of high- and low-density lipoproteins were significantly impacted in these drug groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively). Several pathological signs in the liver histology were observed in both drug groups. After post-treatment with vitamin C, noticeable amelioration of these alterations was observed. There were slightly elevation in the liver enzymes and insignificant increase and decrease in the high and low-density lipoproteins respectively. Conclusion Vitamin C post-treatment ameliorated the hepatotoxicity induced by diclofenac sodium and naproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal N. Al-Hayder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Tamadir H.W. Aledani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Corresponding address: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
| | - Rawaa S. Al-Mayyahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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19
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Mora FAA, Musheshe N, Arroyave Ospina JC, Geng Y, Soto JM, Rodrigo JA, Alieva T, Buist-Homan M, Lezoualc'h F, Cheng X, Schmidt M, Moshage H. Metformin protects against diclofenac-induced toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes by preserving mitochondrial integrity via a pathway involving EPAC. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112072. [PMID: 34464747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been shown that the antidiabetic drug metformin protects hepatocytes against toxicity by various stressors. Chronic or excessive consumption of diclofenac (DF) - a pain-relieving drug, leads to drug-induced liver injury via a mechanism involving mitochondrial damage and ultimately apoptotic death of hepatocytes. However, whether metformin protects against DF-induced toxicity is unknown. Recently, it was also shown that cAMP elevation is protective against DF-induced apoptotic death in hepatocytes, a protective effect primarily involving the downstream cAMP effector EPAC and preservation of mitochondrial function. This study therefore aimed at investigating whether metformin protects against DF-induced toxicity via cAMP-EPACs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to 400 µmol/L DF. CE3F4 or ESI-O5 were used as EPAC-1 or 2 inhibitors respectively. Apoptosis was measured by caspase-3 activity and necrosis by Sytox green staining. Seahorse X96 assay was used to determine mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using MitoSox, mitochondrial MnSOD expression was determined by immunostaining and mitochondrial morphology (fusion and fission ratio) by 3D refractive index imaging. KEY RESULTS Metformin (1 mmol/L) was protective against DF-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. This protective effect was EPAC-dependent (mainly EPAC-2). Metformin restored mitochondrial morphology in an EPAC-independent manner. DF-induced mitochondrial dysfunction which was demonstrated by decreased oxygen consumption rate, an increased ROS production and a reduced MnSOD level, were all reversed by metformin in an EPAC-dependent manner. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Metformin protects hepatocytes against DF-induced toxicity via cAMP-dependent EPAC-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alejandro Aguilar Mora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nshunge Musheshe
- Deptartment Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna C Arroyave Ospina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yana Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Juan M Soto
- Department of Optics and Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - José A Rodrigo
- Department of Optics and Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Alieva
- Department of Optics and Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Metaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Deptartment Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Tu C, Gao Y, Song D, Niu M, Ma RR, Zhou MX, He X, Xiao XH, Wang JB. Screening for Susceptibility-Related Biomarkers of Diclofenac-Induced Liver Injury in Rats Using Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:693928. [PMID: 34630079 PMCID: PMC8494976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.693928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early identification of individuals susceptible to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) is a challenging unmet demand. Diclofenac, one of the most widely available over-the-counter drugs for pain management worldwide, may induce liver dysfunction, acute liver failure, and death. Herein, we report that diclofenac-related hepatobiliary adverse reactions occurred more frequently in cases with immune activation. Furthermore, experiments with rats demonstrated divergent hepatotoxicity responses in individuals exposed to diclofenac, and modest inflammation potentiated diclofenac-induced liver injury. Susceptible rats had unique plasma metabolomic characteristics, and as such, the metabolomic approach could be used to distinguish susceptible individuals. The 23 identified susceptibility-related metabolites were enriched by several metabolic pathways related to acute-phase reactions of immunocytes and inflammatory responses, including sphingolipid, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and lipid metabolism pathways. This finding implies a mechanistic role of metabolic and immune disturbances affects susceptibility to diclofenac-IDILI. Further nine metabolite biomarkers with potent diagnostic capabilities were identified using receiver operating characteristic curves. These findings elucidated the potential utility of metabolomic biomarkers to identify individuals susceptible to drug hepatotoxicity and the underlying mechanism of metabolic and immune disturbances occurring in IDILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Song
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Run-Ran Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xi Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Ryu B, Son MY, Jung KB, Kim U, Kim J, Kwon O, Son YS, Jung CR, Park JH, Kim CY. Next-Generation Intestinal Toxicity Model of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Enterocyte-Like Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:587659. [PMID: 34604364 PMCID: PMC8481684 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.587659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the most common exposure route of xenobiotics, and intestinal toxicity can result in systemic toxicity in most cases. It is important to develop intestinal toxicity assays mimicking the human system; thus, stem cells are rapidly being developed as new paradigms of toxicity assessment. In this study, we established human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived enterocyte-like cells (ELCs) and compared them to existing in vivo and in vitro models. We found that hESC-ELCs and the in vivo model showed transcriptomically similar expression patterns of a total of 10,020 genes than the commercialized cell lines. Besides, we treated the hESC-ELCs, in vivo rats, Caco-2 cells, and Hutu-80 cells with quarter log units of lethal dose 50 or lethal concentration 50 of eight drugs—chloramphenicol, cycloheximide, cytarabine, diclofenac, fluorouracil, indomethacin, methotrexate, and oxytetracycline—and then subsequently analyzed the biomolecular markers and morphological changes. While the four models showed similar tendencies in general toxicological reaction, hESC-ELCs showed a stronger correlation with the in vivo model than the immortalized cell lines. These results indicate that hESC-ELCs can serve as a next-generation intestinal toxicity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ohman Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Teka T, Wang L, Gao J, Mou J, Pan G, Yu H, Gao X, Han L. Polygonum multiflorum: Recent updates on newly isolated compounds, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113864. [PMID: 33485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.(PM), (known as Heshouwu () in China) is one of the most important and well mentioned Chinese medicinal herbs in the literature for its use in blackening hair, nourishing liver and kidney, anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotection, cardio-protection and improving age-related cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive and recent update on PM: new compounds or isolated for the first time, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. Moreover, future perspectives and challenges in the future study of this plant are conversed which will make a new base for further study on PM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review of relevant published literature on PM using the scientific databases SCOPUS, PubMed, and Science Direct was done. RESULTS PM is broadly produced in many provinces of China and well known in other Eastern Asian Countries for its ethno-medical uses. Previous phytochemical investigation of PM had led to the isolation of more than 175 compounds including recently isolated 70 new compounds. Most of the new compounds isolated after 2015 are majorly dianthrone glycosides and stilbene glycosides. Processing has also a significant effect on chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of PM. PM-induced liver injury is increasing after the first report in Hong Kong in 1996. Hepatotoxicity of PM was constantly reported in Japan, Korea, China, Australia, Britain, Italy, and other countries although its toxicity is related to idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. More interestingly, although there is indispensable interest to predict idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM and understand its mechanisms, the responsible hepatotoxic compounds and mechanisms of liver damage induced by PM are still not clear. There is a big controversy on the identification of the most responsible constituent. Anthraquinone and stilbene compounds in PM, mainly emodine and TSG are mentioned in the literature to be the main responsible hepatotoxic compounds. However, comparing the two compounds, which one is the more critical toxic agent for PM-induced hepatotoxicity is not well answered. Affecting different physiological and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle pathway, metabolic pathways, bile acid excretion pathway and genetic polymorphisms are among the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of PM. CONCLUSION Deeper and effective high throughput experimental studies are still research hotspots to know the most responsible constituent and the mechanism of PM-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jiajia Mou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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23
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Aguilar Mora FA, Musheshe N, Oun A, Buist-Homan M, Lezoualc'h F, Cheng X, Schmidt M, Moshage H. Elevated cAMP Protects against Diclofenac-Induced Toxicity in Primary Rat Hepatocytes: A Protective Effect Mediated by the Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP/cAMP-Regulated Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:294-307. [PMID: 33574047 PMCID: PMC11033960 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic consumption of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac may induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The mechanism of diclofenac-induced liver injury is partially elucidated and involves mitochondrial damage. Elevated cAMP protects hepatocytes against bile acid-induced injury. However, it is unknown whether cAMP protects against DILI and, if so, which downstream targets of cAMP are implicated in the protective mechanism, including the classic protein kinase A (PKA) pathway or alternative pathways like the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether cAMP and/or its downstream targets protect against diclofenac-induced injury in hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes were exposed to 400 µmol/l diclofenac. Apoptosis and necrosis were measured by caspase-3 activity assay and Sytox green staining, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by JC-10 staining. mRNA and protein expression were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. The cAMP-elevating agent 7β-acetoxy-8,13-epoxy-1α,6β,9α-trihydroxylabd-14-en-11-one (forskolin), the pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, and EPAC inhibitors 5,7-dibromo-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1(2H)-quinoline carboxaldehyde (CE3F4) and ESI-O5 were used to assess the role of cAMP and its effectors, PKA or EPAC. Diclofenac exposure induced apoptotic cell death and loss of MMP in hepatocytes. Both forskolin and IBMX prevented diclofenac-induced apoptosis. EPAC inhibition but not PKA inhibition abolished the protective effect of forskolin and IBMX. Forskolin and IBMX preserved the MMP, whereas both EPAC inhibitors diminished this effect. Both EPAC1 and EPAC2 were expressed in hepatocytes and localized in mitochondria. cAMP elevation protects hepatocytes against diclofenac-induced cell death, a process primarily involving EPACs. The cAMP/EPAC pathway may be a novel target for treatment of DILI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study shows two main highlights. First, elevated cAMP levels protect against diclofenac-induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes via maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. In addition, this study proposes the existence of mitochondrial cAMP-EPAC microdomains in rat hepatocytes, opening new avenues for targeted therapy in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Both EPAC1 and EPAC2, but not protein kinase A, are responsible for this protective effect. Our findings present cAMP-EPAC as a potential target for the treatment of DILI and liver injury involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alejandro Aguilar Mora
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
| | - Nshunge Musheshe
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
| | - Asmaa Oun
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
| | - Han Moshage
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology (F.A.A.M., M.B.-H., H.M.), Dept. Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC (N.M., A.O., M.S.), Dept. Laboratory Medicine (M.B.-H., H.M.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L.); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (X.C.)
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24
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Serras AS, Rodrigues JS, Cipriano M, Rodrigues AV, Oliveira NG, Miranda JP. A Critical Perspective on 3D Liver Models for Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626805. [PMID: 33732695 PMCID: PMC7957963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor predictability of human liver toxicity is still causing high attrition rates of drug candidates in the pharmaceutical industry at the non-clinical, clinical, and post-marketing authorization stages. This is in part caused by animal models that fail to predict various human adverse drug reactions (ADRs), resulting in undetected hepatotoxicity at the non-clinical phase of drug development. In an effort to increase the prediction of human hepatotoxicity, different approaches to enhance the physiological relevance of hepatic in vitro systems are being pursued. Three-dimensional (3D) or microfluidic technologies allow to better recapitulate hepatocyte organization and cell-matrix contacts, to include additional cell types, to incorporate fluid flow and to create gradients of oxygen and nutrients, which have led to improved differentiated cell phenotype and functionality. This comprehensive review addresses the drug-induced hepatotoxicity mechanisms and the currently available 3D liver in vitro models, their characteristics, as well as their advantages and limitations for human hepatotoxicity assessment. In addition, since toxic responses are greatly dependent on the culture model, a comparative analysis of the toxicity studies performed using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D in vitro strategies with recognized hepatotoxic compounds, such as paracetamol, diclofenac, and troglitazone is performed, further highlighting the need for harmonization of the respective characterization methods. Finally, taking a step forward, we propose a roadmap for the assessment of drugs hepatotoxicity based on fully characterized fit-for-purpose in vitro models, taking advantage of the best of each model, which will ultimately contribute to more informed decision-making in the drug development and risk assessment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Serras
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armanda V. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P. Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Akinrinde AS, Hameed HO. Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:285-295. [PMID: 33559459 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C-F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. RESULTS DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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26
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Quiroga-Santos EH, Galar-Martínez M, García-Medina S, Gasca-Pérez E, Cano-Viveros S, Ruíz-Lara K, Gómez-Oliván LM, Islas-Flores H. Geno-cytotoxicity and congenital malformations produced by relevant environmental concentrations of aluminum, diclofenac and their mixture on Cyprinus carpio. An interactions study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103555. [PMID: 33309951 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies highlight the presence of aluminum and diclofenac in water bodies around the world and their ability to induce oxidative stress and a negative effect on biomolecules in several aquatic species. However, studies evaluating the toxic effect of mixtures of these contaminants are scarce. The objective of this work was to determine the genotoxic, cytotoxic and embryotoxic effect of the mixture of aluminum and diclofenac at environmentally relevant concentrations on Cyprinus carpio. Juveniles of Cyprinus carpio were exposed to 0.31 μg L-1 of diclofenac, 24.45 mg L-1 of aluminum, and a mixture of both contaminants at the same concentrations for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. After the exposure time the liver, gills and blood were extracted and the following biomarkers were evaluated: micronucleus frequency, comet assay, caspase activity and TUNEL test. On the other hand, Cyprinus carpio embryos were exposed to diclofenac (0.31 μg L-1), aluminum (0.06 mg L-1) and their mixture at the same concentrations and exposure time. Microscopic observation was performed to evaluate embryonic development at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Diclofenac (0.31 μg L-1) induces significant increases in micronucleus frequency with respect to control (p < 0.05), in all tissues. Aluminum (24.45 mg L-1) significantly increases DNA damage index in liver and blood cells with respect to control (p < 0.05). All treatments increase caspases activity in all tissues with respect to control (p < 0.05). Diclofenac increases the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in liver and blood; while aluminum and the mixture increases it significantly in gills and blood with respect to the control (p < 0.05). The mixture significantly delays embryonic development, while aluminum and the mixture significantly increase teratogenic index with respect to control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to environmental concentrations of aluminium, diclofenac and their mixture induces genotoxic damage, cell death by apoptosis and negative effects on the development of Cyprinus carpio and the toxic response is modified by the interaction of the xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldher Hissadam Quiroga-Santos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Eloy Gasca-Pérez
- Cátedra CONACYT, Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, México City, Mexico
| | - Selene Cano-Viveros
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Karina Ruíz-Lara
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia. Paseo Tollocan, esq. Paseo Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, C. P. 50100, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia. Paseo Tollocan, esq. Paseo Colón, Toluca, Estado de México, C. P. 50100, Mexico
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Zhao P, Peng Y, Xu X, Wang Z, Wu Z, Li W, Tang Y, Liu G. In silico prediction of mitochondrial toxicity of chemicals using machine learning methods. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1518-1526. [PMID: 33469990 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in human cells, providing more than 95% of the energy. However, some drugs and environmental chemicals could induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which might cause complex diseases and even worsen the condition of patients with mitochondrial damage. Some drugs have been withdrawn from the market due to their severe mitochondrial toxicity, such as troglitazone. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop models that could accurately predict the mitochondrial toxicity of chemicals. In this paper, suitable data were obtained from literature and databases first. Then nine types of fingerprints were used to characterize these compounds. Finally, different algorithms were used to build models. Meanwhile, the applicability domain of the prediction models was defined. We have also explored the structural alerts of mitochondrial toxicity, which would be helpful for medicinal chemists to better predict mitochondrial toxicity and further optimize lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayuan Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Jung SH, Lee W, Park SH, Lee KY, Choi YJ, Choi S, Kang D, Kim S, Chang TS, Hong SS, Lee BH. Diclofenac impairs autophagic flux via oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction: Implications for hepatotoxicity. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101751. [PMID: 33080439 PMCID: PMC7575798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with various side effects, including cardiovascular and hepatic disorders. Studies suggest that mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress are important mediators of toxicity, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we identified that some NSAIDs, including diclofenac, inhibit autophagic flux in hepatocytes. Further detailed studies demonstrated that diclofenac induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent increase in lysosomal pH, attenuated cathepsin activity and blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion. The reactivation of lysosomal function by treatment with clioquinol or transfection with the transcription factor EB restored lysosomal pH and thus autophagic flux. The production of mitochondrial ROS is critical for this process since scavenging ROS reversed lysosomal dysfunction and activated autophagic flux. The compromised lysosomal activity induced by diclofenac also inhibited the fusion with and degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy. Diclofenac-induced cell death and hepatotoxicity were effectively protected by rapamycin. Thus, we demonstrated that diclofenac induces the intracellular ROS production and lysosomal dysfunction that lead to the suppression of autophagy. Impaired autophagy fails to maintain mitochondrial integrity and aggravates the cellular ROS burden, which leads to diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohee Choi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Utility of Three-Dimensional Cultures of Primary Human Hepatocytes (Spheroids) as Pharmacokinetic Models. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100374. [PMID: 32977664 PMCID: PMC7598599 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the usefulness, current status, and potential of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) in three-dimensional (3D) cultures, also known as spheroids, in the field of pharmacokinetics (PK). Predicting PK and toxicity means pharmaceutical research can be conducted more efficiently. Various in vitro test systems using human hepatocytes have been proposed as tools to detect hepatic toxicity at an early stage in the drug development process. However, such evaluation requires long-term, low-level exposure to the test compound, and conventional screening systems such as PHHs in planar (2D) culture, in which the cells can only survive for a few days, are unsuitable for this purpose. In contrast, spheroids consisting of PHH are reported to retain the functional characteristics of human liver for at least 35 days. Here, we introduce a fundamental PK and toxicity assessment model of PHH spheroids and describe their applications for assessing species-specific metabolism, enzyme induction, and toxicity, focusing on our own work in these areas. The studies outlined in this paper may provide important information for pharmaceutical companies to reduce termination of development of drug candidates.
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Ikeyama Y, Sato T, Takemura A, Sekine S, Ito K. Hypoxia/reoxygenation exacerbates drug-induced cytotoxicity by opening mitochondrial permeability transition pore: Possible application for toxicity screening. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104889. [PMID: 32417306 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought of as an important factor leading to a drug-induced liver injury. Our previous reports show that mitochondria-related toxicity, including respiratory chain inhibition (RCI) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, can be detected by the modification of sugar resource substitution and high oxygen condition. However, this in vitro model does not detect mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-induced toxicity. Another study with a lipopolysaccharide-pre-administered rodent model showed that ischemia/reperfusion induced ROS, sensitized the susceptibility of MPT pore opening and, finally developed drug-induced liver toxicity. Based on this result, the present study investigated the effect of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment mimicking the ischemia/reperfusion on MPT-dependent toxicity, aiming to construct a system that can evaluate MPT by drugs in hepatocytes. Mitochondrial ROS were enhanced by H/R treatment only in the galactose culture condition. Amiodarone, benzbromarone, flutamide and troglitazone which induced MPT pore opening led to hepatocyte death only in combination with H/R and galactose. Moreover, this alteration was significantly suppressed in hepatocytes lacking cyclophilin D. In conclusion, MPT-induced cytotoxicity can be detected by activating mitochondrial function and H/R. This cell-based assay system could evaluate MPT induced-cytotoxicity by drugs, besides RCI and ROS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Ikeyama
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sato
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Akinori Takemura
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sekine
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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31
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Jiang W, Dai T, Xie S, Ding L, Huang L, Dai R. Roles of diclofenac and its metabolites in immune activation associated with acute hepatotoxicity in TgCYP3A4/hPXR-humanized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106723. [PMID: 32615451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, but it comes with a high risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Despite the quinone-imine adduct pathways, the immunotoxicity is recently considered as another factor for DILI. However, such immune responses are still elusive. In the present study, investigation of the immune response in the acute hepatotoxicity model of TgCYP3A4/hPXR-humanized mice was conducted by administration of DCF and DCF metabolites, respectively. In a single dose intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg DCF, the pharmacokinetic results showed the major DCF metabolites, including 4'-hydroxy-diclofenac (4'-OH-DCF), 5-hydroxy-diclofenac (5-OH-DCF) and diclofenac glucuronide (DCF-G) were generated after DCF treatment. Not only DCF, but those DCF metabolites could also directly cause different degrees of acute liver injury as significantly increased the serum ALT levels in a short time period in the TgCYP3A4/hPXR-humanized mice. Furthermore, the three DCF metabolites could directly stimulate the significant elevation of serum immune-related factors in varying degrees. Transcriptome analysis revealed the differentially expressed genes in the liver of DCF-G treated mice were mostly involved with the "immune system process" and "cell death" and related to "IL-17 signaling pathway" and "TNF-α signaling pathway", but 5-OH-DCF had little effect on the expressions of those genes. These results indicate that the metabolite DCF-G plays an important role in the activation of the hepatic immune system, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of DCF-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Jiang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianming Dai
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Shuilin Xie
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lan Ding
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Renke Dai
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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32
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Selvaraj S, Oh JH, Borlak J. An adverse outcome pathway for immune-mediated and allergic hepatitis: a case study with the NSAID diclofenac. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2733-2748. [PMID: 32372211 PMCID: PMC7395045 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs have the potential to cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI); however, underlying mechanisms are diverse. The concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) has become instrumental for risk assessment of drug class effects. We report AOPs specific for immune-mediated and drug hypersensitivity/allergic hepatitis by considering genomic, histo- and clinical pathology data of mice and dogs treated with diclofenac. The findings are relevant for other NSAIDs and drugs undergoing iminoquinone and quinone reactive metabolite formation. We define reactive metabolites catalyzed by CYP monooxygenase and myeloperoxidases of neutrophils and Kupffer cells as well as acyl glucuronides produced by uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase as molecular initiating events (MIE). The reactive metabolites bind to proteins and act as neo-antigen and involve antigen-presenting cells to elicit B- and T-cell responses. Given the diverse immune systems between mice and dogs, six different key events (KEs) at the cellular and up to four KEs at the organ level are defined with mechanistic plausibility for the onset and progression of liver inflammation. With mice, cellular stress response, interferon gamma-, adipocytokine- and chemokine signaling provided a rationale for the AOP of immune-mediated hepatitis. With dogs, an erroneous programming of the innate and adaptive immune response resulted in mast cell activation; their infiltration into liver parenchyma and the shift to M2-polarized Kupffer cells signify allergic hepatitis and the occurrence of granulomas of the liver. Taken together, diclofenac induces divergent immune responses among two important preclinical animal species, and the injury pattern seen among clinical cases confirms the relevance of the developed AOP for immune-mediated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Selvaraj
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Nemcova M, Pikula J, Zukal J, Seidlova V. Diclofenac-induced cytotoxicity in cultured carp leukocytes. Physiol Res 2020; 69:S607-S618. [PMID: 33646004 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac is a drug commonly used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and pain. Medicinal products enter waste and surface waters on an everyday basis and contaminate the aquatic environment. Fish are therefore permanently exposed to these chemicals dissolved in their aquatic environment. To simulate variable environmental conditions, the aim of our study was to examine adverse effects of diclofenac under different temperatures of cell incubation (18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 °C). Cyto-toxic and -static effects of diclofenac in concentrations of 0.001 mcg/ml, 0.01 microg/ml, 0.1 mcg/ml, 1 mcg/ml, 10 mcg/ml and 100 mcg/ml for the carp (Cyprinuscarpio) cultured leukocytes were quantified using detection of lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells. Overall DCF cytotoxicity was relatively low and its impact was pronounced at higher temperature and DCF concentration. Cells growth inhibition is changing more rapidly but it is high mainly at the highest concentration from low temperature. DNA fragmentation was not detected in tested leukocyte cell line. CYP450 increased diclofenac cytotoxicity only at the highest concentration but at incubation temperatures 18 and 27 °C. Leukocyte viability is essential for immune functions and any change can lead to reduction of resistance against pathogens, mainly in cold year seasons, when the immune system is naturally suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemcova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno,Czech Republic.
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Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL. Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota - a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134057. [PMID: 31783460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has turned into a contaminant of emerging concern; hence, it was included in the previous Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive. This review paper aims to highlight the metabolism of diclofenac at different trophic levels, its occurrence, ecological risks, and interactive effects in the water cycle and biota over the past two decades. Increased exposure to diclofenac not only raises health concerns for vultures, aquatic organisms, and higher plants but also causes serious threats to mammals. The ubiquitous nature of diclofenac in surface water (river, lake canal, estuary, and sea) is compared with drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent in the environment. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests the fate of diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may predict its persistence in the environment. This review offers evidence of fragmentary available data for the water environment, soil, sediment, and biota worldwide and supports the need for further data to address the risks associated with the presence of diclofenac in the environment. Finally, we suggest that the presence of diclofenac and its metabolites in the environment may represent a high risk because of their synergistic interactions with existing contaminants, leading to the development of drug-resistant strains and the formation of newly emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | | | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thayumanavan Palvannan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Ahluwalia A, Hoa N, Jones MK, Tarnawski AS. NSAID-induced injury of gastric epithelial cells is reversible: roles of mitochondria, AMP kinase, NGF, and PGE 2. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G862-G871. [PMID: 31545918 PMCID: PMC6962499 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00192.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (DFN) and indomethacin (INDO) are extensively used worldwide. Their main side effects are injury of the gastrointestinal tract, including erosions, ulcers, and bleeding. Since gastric epithelial cells (GEPCs) are crucial for mucosal defense and are the major target of injury, we examined the extent to which DFN- and INDO-induced GEPC injury can be reversed by nerve growth factor (NGF), 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2), and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), the pharmacological activator of the metabolic sensor AMP kinase (AMPK). Cultured normal rat gastric mucosal epithelial (RGM1) cells were treated with PBS (control), NGF, dmPGE2, AICAR, and/or NSAID (DFN or INDO) for 1-4 h. We examined cell injury by confocal microscopy, cell death/survival using calcein AM, mitochondrial membrane potential using MitoTracker, and phosphorylation of AMPK by Western blotting. DFN and INDO treatment of RGM1 cells for 2 h decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability. NGF posttreatment (initiated 1 or 2 h after DFN or INDO) reversed the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell injury caused by DFN and INDO and increased cell viability versus cells treated for 4 h with NSAID alone. Pretreatment with dmPGE2 and AICAR significantly protected these cells from DFN- and INDO-induced injury, whereas dmPGE2 and AICAR posttreatment (initiated 1 h after NSAID treatment) reversed cell injury and significantly increased cell viability and rescued the cells from NSAID-induced mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. DFN and INDO induce extensive mitochondrial injury and GEPC death, which can be significantly reversed by NGF, dmPGE2, and AICAR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that mitochondria are key targets of diclofenac- and indomethacin-induced injury of gastric epithelial cells and that diclofenac and indomethacin injury can be prevented and, importantly, also reversed by treatment with nerve growth factor, 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ahluwalia
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Neil Hoa
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Michael K Jones
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Andrzej S Tarnawski
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
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Motawi TK, Ahmed SA, El-Boghdady NA, Metwally NS, Nasr NN. Protective effects of betanin against paracetamol and diclofenac induced neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption in rats. Biomarkers 2019; 24:645-651. [PMID: 31305161 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1642958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Context: Overconsumption of paracetamol (PAR) and diclofenac (DF) have been reported to induce neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Objective: The current study was designed to explore the protective potential of betanin against PAR and DF inducing neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption in a rat model. Material and Methods: Forty rats were equally divided into five groups: group I served as control, group II received PAR (400 mg/kg), group III received PAR plus betanin (25 mg/kg), group IV received DF (10 mg/kg) and group V received DF plus betanin orally for 28 consecutive days. Thyroid axis hormones, sex hormone, neurotransmitters, paraoxonase-1, hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-2 were measured by ELISA. While, the oxidative stress markers were colorimetrically estimated. Moreover, DNA damage and histopathological picture of the brains were investigated. Results: A marked reduction in thyroid axis hormones, brain neurotransmitters and serum testosterone as well as enhanced oxidative stress and brain DNA damage accompanied by drastic changes in the brain histopathological picture were recorded in the challenged PAR and DF groups. Betanin supplementation ameliorated most of the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by PAR or DF. Conclusion: The study suggests betanin of potential protective effects against neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption induced by PAR and DF overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Noha A El-Boghdady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nadia S Metwally
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Noha N Nasr
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
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Comparison of three human liver cell lines for in vitro drug-induced liver injury assessment: Huh7, HepaRG, and stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Schüttler A, Altenburger R, Ammar M, Bader-Blukott M, Jakobs G, Knapp J, Krüger J, Reiche K, Wu GM, Busch W. Map and model-moving from observation to prediction in toxicogenomics. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz057. [PMID: 31140561 PMCID: PMC6539241 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals induce compound-specific changes in the transcriptome of an organism (toxicogenomic fingerprints). This provides potential insights about the cellular or physiological responses to chemical exposure and adverse effects, which is needed in assessment of chemical-related hazards or environmental health. In this regard, comparison or connection of different experiments becomes important when interpreting toxicogenomic experiments. Owing to lack of capturing response dynamics, comparability is often limited. In this study, we aim to overcome these constraints. RESULTS We developed an experimental design and bioinformatic analysis strategy to infer time- and concentration-resolved toxicogenomic fingerprints. We projected the fingerprints to a universal coordinate system (toxicogenomic universe) based on a self-organizing map of toxicogenomic data retrieved from public databases. Genes clustering together in regions of the map indicate functional relation due to co-expression under chemical exposure. To allow for quantitative description and extrapolation of the gene expression responses we developed a time- and concentration-dependent regression model. We applied the analysis strategy in a microarray case study exposing zebrafish embryos to 3 selected model compounds including 2 cyclooxygenase inhibitors. After identification of key responses in the transcriptome we could compare and characterize their association to developmental, toxicokinetic, and toxicodynamic processes using the parameter estimates for affected gene clusters. Furthermore, we discuss an association of toxicogenomic effects with measured internal concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The design and analysis pipeline described here could serve as a blueprint for creating comparable toxicogenomic fingerprints of chemicals. It integrates, aggregates, and models time- and concentration-resolved toxicogenomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schüttler
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Ammar
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcella Bader-Blukott
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gianina Jakobs
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Knapp
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janet Krüger
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gi-Mick Wu
- DEVELOP, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Müller ME, Vikstrom S, König M, Schlichting R, Zarfl C, Zwiener C, Escher BI. Mitochondrial Toxicity of Selected Micropollutants, Their Mixtures, and Surface Water Samples Measured by the Oxygen Consumption Rate in Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1000-1011. [PMID: 30779373 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Some environmental pollutants impair mitochondria, which are of vital importance as energy factories in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondrial toxicity was quantified by measuring the change of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of HepG2 cells with the Agilent Seahorse XFe 96 Analyzer. Various mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity, including inhibition of the electron transport chain or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase as well as uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, were differentiated by dosing the sample in parallel with reference compounds following the OCR over time. These time-OCR traces were used to derive effect concentrations for 10% inhibition of the electron transport chain or 10% of uncoupling. The low effect level of 10% was necessary because environmental mixtures contain thousands of chemicals; only few of them interfere with mitochondria, but the others cause cytotoxicity. The OCR bioassay was validated with environmental pollutants of known mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity. Binary mixtures of uncouplers or inhibitors acted according to the mixture model of concentration addition. Uncoupling and/or inhibitory effects were detected in extracts of river water samples without apparent cytotoxicity. Uncoupling effects could only be quantified in water samples if inhibitory effects occurred at lower concentrations because no uncoupling can be detected without an appreciable membrane potential built up. The OCR bioassay can thus complement chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays for monitoring micropollutants in water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-12. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian E Müller
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Center for Applied Geoscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Maria König
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Center for Applied Geoscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Center for Applied Geoscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Center for Applied Geoscience, Tübingen, Germany
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
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Piccirillo G, Carvajal Berrio DA, Laurita A, Pepe A, Bochicchio B, Schenke-Layland K, Hinderer S. Controlled and tuneable drug release from electrospun fibers and a non-invasive approach for cytotoxicity testing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3446. [PMID: 30837604 PMCID: PMC6401126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is an attractive method to generate drug releasing systems. In this work, we encapsulated the cell death-inducing drug Diclofenac (DCF) in an electrospun poly-L-lactide (PLA) scaffold. The scaffold offers a system for a sustained and controlled delivery of the cytotoxic DCF over time making it clinically favourable by achieving a prolonged therapeutic effect. We exposed human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to the drug-eluting scaffold and employed multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. These methods were suitable for non-invasive and marker-independent assessment of the cytotoxic effects. Released DCF induced changes in cell morphology and glycolytic activity. Furthermore, we showed that drug release can be influenced by adding dimethyl sulfoxide as a co-solvent for electrospinning. Interestingly, without affecting the drug diffusion mechanism, the resulting PLA scaffolds showed altered fibre morphology and enhanced initial DCF burst release. The here described model could represent an interesting way to control the diffusion of encapsulated bio-active molecules and test them using a marker-independent, non-invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Piccirillo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D A Carvajal Berrio
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Laurita
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - A Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - B Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - K Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Hinderer
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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Wieczerzak M, Namieśnik J, Kudłak B. Genotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals, their binary mixtures, and varying environmental conditions - study with human adenocarcinoma cancer HT29 cell line. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:113-123. [PMID: 30607992 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1529783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are present in the environment in mixtures and their adverse effects may also result from interactions that occur between compounds. Studies presented in this work focus on genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic groups in mixtures and in individual solutions impacted with different environmental conditions assessed using comet assay (alkaline approach). Binary mixtures of pharmaceuticals (in different concentration ratios) and in individual solutions impacted with pH change (range from 5.5 to 8.5) or addition of inorganic ions, were incubated with HT29 cells and after 24 h time period cells were tested for the presence of DNA damage. To estimate whether mixtures act more (synergistic) or less (antagonistic) efficiently Concentrations Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) approaches were applied followed by a calculation of the Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) to determine deviation from the predicted values. Addition of inorganic ions mainly reduced their genotoxicity. Diclofenac s. was the most susceptible to potassium, fluoride, and bromide ions. Change of the pH of pharmaceutical solutions had significant impact on genotoxicity of diclofenac s. and fluoxetine h. Among mixtures, more commonly observed interactions were synergistic ones, exactly twenty-five cases (ten pairs containing chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline h.) and ten cases of antagonism (four for pairs containing chloramphenicol or fluoxetine h.). The results obtained indicate that interactions between tested compounds occur frequently and can lead to DNA damage. This topic especially concerning in vitro tests using cells is still rare, however, it should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Vickers AEM, Ulyanov AV, Fisher RL. Progression of Repair and Injury in Human Liver Slices. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124130. [PMID: 30572671 PMCID: PMC6321528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver slice function was stressed by daily dosing of acetaminophen (APAP) or diclofenac (DCF) to investigate injury and repair. Initially, untreated human liver and kidney slices were evaluated with the global human U133A array to assess the extended culture conditions. Then, drug induced injury and signals of repair in human liver slices exposed to APAP or DCF (1 mM) were evaluated via specific gene expression arrays. In culture, the untreated human liver and kidney slices remained differentiated and gene expression indicated that repair pathways were activated in both tissues. Morphologically the human liver slices exhibited evidence of repair and regeneration, while kidney slices did not. APAP and DCF exposure caused a direct multi-factorial response. APAP and DCF induced gene expression changes in transporters, oxidative stress and mitochondria energy. DCF caused a greater effect on heat shock and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress gene expression. Concerning wound repair, APAP caused a mild repression of gene expression; DCF suppressed the expression of matrix collagen genes, the remodeling metalloproteases, cell adhesion integrins, indicating a greater hinderance to wound repair than APAP. Thus, human liver slices are a relevant model to investigate the mechanisms of drug-induced injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anatoly V Ulyanov
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Hospital, Fairfax VA 22031, USA.
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A Molecular Biophysical Approach to Diclofenac Topical Gastrointestinal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113411. [PMID: 30384433 PMCID: PMC6275047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), the most widely consumed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) worldwide, is associated with adverse typical effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) complications. The present study aims to better understand the topical toxicity induced by DCF using membrane models that mimic the physiological, biophysical, and chemical environments of GI mucosa segments. For this purpose, phospholipidic model systems that mimic the GI protective lining and lipid models of the inner mitochondrial membrane were used together with a wide set of techniques: derivative spectrophotometry to evaluate drug distribution at the membrane; steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence to predict drug location at the membrane; fluorescence anisotropy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and calcein leakage studies to evaluate the drug-induced disturbance on membrane microviscosity and permeability; and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies (SAXS and WAXS, respectively), to evaluate the effects of DCF at the membrane structure. Results demonstrated that DCF interacts chemically with the phospholipids of the GI protective barrier in a pH-dependent manner and confirmed the DCF location at the lipid headgroup region, as well as DCF’s higher distribution at mitochondrial membrane contact points where the impairment of biophysical properties is consistent with the uncoupling effects reported for this drug.
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44
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Ramachandran A, Visschers RGJ, Duan L, Akakpo JY, Jaeschke H. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: current understanding and future perspectives. J Clin Transl Res 2018. [PMID: 30873497 PMCID: PMC6261533 DOI: 10.18053/jctres.04.201801.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical cellular organelles for energy generation and are now also recognized as playing important roles in cellular signaling. Their central role in energy metabolism, as well as their high abundance in hepatocytes, make them important targets for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. This review summarizes the current mechanistic understanding of the role of mitochondria in drug-induced hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen, diclofenac, anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampin and isoniazid, anti-epileptic drugs such as valproic acid and constituents of herbal supplements such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The utilization of circulating mitochondrial-specific biomarkers in understanding mechanisms of toxicity in humans will also be examined. In summary, it is well-established that mitochondria are central to acetaminophen-induced cell death. However, the most promising areas for clinically useful therapeutic interventions after acetaminophen toxicity may involve the promotion of adaptive responses and repair processes including mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, In contrast, the limited understanding of the role of mitochondria in various aspects of hepatotoxicity by most other drugs and herbs requires more detailed mechanistic investigations in both animals and humans. Development of clinically relevant animal models and more translational studies using mechanistic biomarkers are critical for progress in this area. Relevance for patients:This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in liver injury mechanisms of clinically important drugs like acetaminophen, diclofenac, rifampicin, isoniazid, amiodarone and others. A better understanding ofthe mechanisms in animal models and their translation to patients will be critical for the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ruben G J Visschers
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Cardinale DA, Lilja M, Mandić M, Gustafsson T, Larsen FJ, Lundberg TR. Resistance Training with Co-ingestion of Anti-inflammatory Drugs Attenuates Mitochondrial Function. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1074. [PMID: 29311990 PMCID: PMC5742251 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current study aimed to examine the effects of resistance exercise with concomitant consumption of high vs. low daily doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. As a secondary aim, we compared the effects of eccentric overload with conventional training. Methods: Twenty participants were randomized to either a group taking high doses (3 × 400 mg/day) of ibuprofen (IBU; 27 ± 5 year; n = 11) or a group ingesting a low dose (1 × 75 mg/day) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 26 ± 4 year; n = 9) during 8 weeks of supervised knee extensor resistance training. Each of the subject's legs were randomized to complete the training program using either a flywheel (FW) device emphasizing eccentric overload, or a traditional weight stack machine (WS). Maximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (CI+IIP) from permeabilized skeletal muscle bundles was assessed using high-resolution respirometry. Citrate synthase (CS) activity was assessed using spectrophotometric techniques and mitochondrial protein content using western blotting. Results: After training, CI+IIP decreased (P < 0.05) in both IBU (23%) and ASA (29%) with no difference across medical treatments. Although CI+IIP decreased in both legs, the decrease was greater (interaction p = 0.015) in WS (33%, p = 0.001) compared with FW (19%, p = 0.078). CS activity increased (p = 0.027) with resistance training, with no interactions with medical treatment or training modality. Protein expression of ULK1 increased with training in both groups (p < 0.001). The increase in quadriceps muscle volume was not correlated with changes in CI+IIP (R = 0.16). Conclusion: These results suggest that 8 weeks of resistance training with co-ingestion of anti-inflammatory drugs reduces mitochondrial function but increases mitochondrial content. The observed changes were not affected by higher doses of NSAIDs consumption, suggesting that the resistance training intervention was the prime mediator of the decreased mitochondrial phosphorylation. Finally, we noted that flywheel resistance training, emphasizing eccentric overload, rescued some of the reduction in mitochondrial function seen with conventional resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Cardinale
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Elite Performance Centre, Bosön-Swedish Sports Confederation, Lidingö, Sweden
| | - Mats Lilja
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirko Mandić
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy R Lundberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Induction of CYP1A1 increases gefitinib-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in A549 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fattori V, Borghi SM, Guazelli CFS, Giroldo AC, Crespigio J, Bussmann AJC, Coelho-Silva L, Ludwig NG, Mazzuco TL, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Vinpocetine reduces diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, cytokine production, and NF-κB activation in mice. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:10-22. [PMID: 28315429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a complex clinical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Approximately, 19-33% AKI episodes in hospitalized patients are related to drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Although, considered safe, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac have received special attention in the past years due to the potential risk of renal damage. Vinpocetine is a nootropic drug known to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of vinpocetine in a model of diclofenac-induced AKI. We observed that diclofenac increased proteinuria and blood urea, creatinine, and oxidative stress levels 24h after its administration. In renal tissue, diclofenac also increased oxidative stress and induced morphological changes consistent with renal damage. Moreover, diclofenac induced kidney cells apoptosis, up-regulated proinflammatory cytokines, and induced the activation of NF-κB in renal tissue. On the other hand, vinpocetine reduced diclofenac-induced blood urea and creatinine. In the kidneys, vinpocetine inhibited diclofenac-induced oxidative stress, morphological changes, apoptosis, cytokine production, and NF-κB activation. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that diclofenac-induced AKI increases NF-κB activation, and that vinpocetine reduces the nephrotoxic effects of diclofenac. Therefore, vinpocetine is a promising molecule for the treatment of diclofenac-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carla F S Guazelli
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa C Giroldo
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Crespigio
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86038-350 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Allan J C Bussmann
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86038-350 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Letícia Coelho-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Natasha G Ludwig
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86038-350 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tânia L Mazzuco
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86038-350 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86038-350 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Toxicological potential of acyl glucuronides and its assessment. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 32:2-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pantovic A, Bosnjak M, Arsikin K, Kosic M, Mandic M, Ristic B, Tosic J, Grujicic D, Isakovic A, Micic N, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. In vitro antiglioma action of indomethacin is mediated via AMP-activated protein kinase/mTOR complex 1 signalling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 83:84-96. [PMID: 27988363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of the intracellular energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the in vitro antiglioma effect of the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin. Indomethacin was more potent than COX inhibitors diclofenac, naproxen, and ketoprofen in reducing the viability of U251 human glioma cells. Antiglioma effect of the drug was associated with p21 increase and G2M cell cycle arrest, as well as with oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and the induction of apoptosis. Indomethacin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and its targets Raptor and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) substrates p70S6 kinase and PRAS40 (Ser183). AMPK knockdown by RNA interference, as well as the treatment with the mTORC1 activator leucine, prevented indomethacin-mediated mTORC1 inhibition and cytotoxic action, while AMPK activators metformin and AICAR mimicked the effects of the drug. AMPK activation by indomethacin correlated with intracellular ATP depletion and increase in AMP/ATP ratio, and was apparently independent of COX inhibition or the increase in intracellular calcium. Finally, the toxicity of indomethacin towards primary human glioma cells was associated with the activation of AMPK/Raptor/ACC and subsequent suppression of mTORC1/S6K. By demonstrating the involvement of AMPK/mTORC1 pathway in the antiglioma action of indomethacin, our results support its further exploration in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Arsikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Mandic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tosic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujicic
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurooncology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Micic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Vuda M, Kamath A. Drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction: Mechanisms and adverse clinical consequences. Mitochondrion 2016; 31:63-74. [PMID: 27771494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Several commonly used medications impair mitochondrial function resulting in adverse effects or toxicities. Drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction may be a consequence of increased production of reactive oxygen species, altered mitochondrial permeability transition, impaired mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial DNA damage or inhibition of beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The clinical manifestation depends on the specific drug and its effect on mitochondria. Given the ubiquitous presence of mitochondria and its central role in cellular metabolism, drug-mitochondrial interactions may manifest clinically as hepatotoxicity, enteropathy, myelosuppression, lipodystrophy syndrome or neuropsychiatric adverse effects, to name a few. The current review focuses on specific drug groups which adversely affect mitochondria, the mechanisms involved and the clinical consequences based on the data available from experimental and clinical studies. Knowledge of these adverse drug-mitochondrial interactions may help the clinicians foresee potential issues in individual patients, prevent adverse drug reactions or alter drug regimens to enhance patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwin Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
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