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Fang J, Shen S, Wang H, He Y, Chao L, Cao Y, Chen X, Zhu Z, Hong Z, Chai Y. High-throughput BCRP inhibitors screening system based on styrene maleic acid polymer membrane protein stabilization strategy and surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Talanta 2024; 274:125987. [PMID: 38552478 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a dominant challenge in cancer chemotherapy failure. The over-expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in tumorous cells, along with its extensive substrate profile, is a leading cause of tumor MDR. Herein, on the basis of styrene maleic acid (SMA) polymer membrane protein stabilization strategy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, a novel high-throughput screening (HTS) system for BCRP inhibitors has been established. Firstly, LLC-PK1 and LLC-PK1/BCRP cell membranes were co-incubated with SMA polymers to construct SMA lipid particles (SMALPs). PK1-SMALPs were thus immobilized in channel 1 of the L1 chip as the reference channel, and BCRP-SMALPs were immobilized in channel 2 as the detection channel to establish the BCRP-SMALPs-SPR screening system. The methodological investigation demonstrated that the screening system was highly specific and stable. Three active compounds were screened out from 26 natural products and their affinity constants with BCRP were determined. The KD of xanthotoxin, bergapten, and naringenin were 5.14 μM, 4.57 μM, and 3.72 μM, respectively. The in vitro cell verification experiments demonstrated that xanthotoxin, bergapten, and naringenin all significantly increased the sensitivity of LLC-PK1/BCRP cells to mitoxantrone with possessing reversal BCRP-mediated MDR activity. Collectively, the developed BCRP-SMALPs-SPR screening system in this study has the advantages of rapidity, efficiency, and specificity, providing a novel strategy for the in-depth screening of BCRP inhibitors with less side effects and higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shuqi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yuzhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Liang Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Raish M, Ahmad A, Karim BA, Jardan YAB, Ahad A, Iqbal M, Alkharfy KM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Mohammed OM. Pharmacokinetics of Dasatinib in Rats: a Potential Food-Drug Interaction with Naringenin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:239-247. [PMID: 38376657 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dasatinib, a multitarget inhibitor of Bcr-Abl and Src family kinases, has been licensed for the treatment of Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. Many citrus-based foods include the flavonoid naringenin, which is commonly available. Dasatinib is a Cyp3a4, P-gp, and Bcrp1 substrate, which makes it sensitive to potential food-drug interactions. The concurrent use of naringenin may change the pharmacokinetics of dasatinib, which could result in adverse effects and toxicity. The present investigation examined the impact of naringenin on the pharmacokinetics interactions of DAS and proposes a possible interaction mechanism in Wistar rats. METHODS Rats were provided with a single oral dose of dasatinib (25 mg/kg) with or without naringenin pretreatment (150 mg/kg p.o. daily for 7 days, n = 6 in each group). Dasatinib was quantified in plasma by UHPLC MS/MS assay. Noncompartmental analysis was used to compute the pharmacokinetic parameters, and immunoblot was used to assess the protein expression in the hepatic and intestinal tissues. RESULTS Following 7 days of naringenin pretreatment, the plasma mean concentration of dasatinib was enhanced compared with without pretreatment. In rats that were pretreated with naringenin, the pharmacokinetics of the orally administered dasatinib (25 mg/kg) was shown to be significantly different from that of dasatinib given without pretreatment (p < 0.05). There was a significant enhancement in pharmacokinetic parameters elimination half-life (T1/2), time to maximum concentration ( Tmax), maximum concentration )Cmax), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t), area under the moment curve (AUMC0-∞), and mean residence time (MRT) by 28.41%, 50%, 103.54%, 72.64%, 115.08%, and 15.19%, respectively (p < 0.05) and suppression in elimination rate constant (Kel), volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance (CL) by 21.09%, 31.13%, and 46.25%, respectively, in comparison with dasatinib alone group (p < 0.05). The enhancement in dasatinib bioavailability and systemic exposure resulted from the significant inhibition of Cyp3a2, Mdr1/P-gp, and Bcrp1 expression and suppression of the dasatinib hepatic and intestinal metabolism, which enhanced the rate of dasatinib absorption and decreased its elimination. CONCLUSION Concurrent use of naringenin-containing supplements, herbs, or foods with dasatinib may cause serious and potentially life-threatening drug interactions. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Abdul Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer Mansour Mohammed
- Experimental Animal Care Facility, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Mou Y, Lu S, Xia Y, Cheng B. Polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus fruits: absorption, metabolism, and anticancer mechanisms against breast cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16711. [PMID: 38188169 PMCID: PMC10771093 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) are a subclass of flavonoids found in citrus fruits that have shown multifunctional biological activities and potential anticancer effects against breast cancer. We studied the absorption, metabolism, species source, toxicity, anti-cancer mechanisms, and molecular targets of PMFs to better utilize their anticancer activity against breast cancer. We discuss the absorption and metabolism of PMFs in the body, including the methylation, demethylation, and hydroxylation processes. The anticancer mechanisms of PMFs against breast cancer were also reviewed, including the estrogen activity, cytochrome P-450 enzyme system, and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibition, along with various molecular targets and potential anticancer effects. Although PMFs may be advantageous in the prevention and treatment for breast cancer, there is a lack of clinical evidence and data to support their efficacy. Despite their promise, there is still a long way to go before PMFs can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Mou
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, China
| | - Senlin Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Chong Qing Wan Zhou Health Center for Women and Children, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhua Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Key Lab of Xinjiang Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Tan H, Wang F, Hu J, Duan X, Bai W, Wang X, Wang B, Su Y, Hu J. Inhibitory interaction of flavonoids with organic cation transporter 2 and their structure-activity relationships for predicting nephroprotective effects. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1421-1435. [PMID: 37057715 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) is mainly responsible for the renal secretion of various cationic drugs, closely associated with drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Screening and identifying potent OCT2 inhibitors with little toxicity in natural products in reducing OCT2-mediated AKI is of great value. Flavonoids are enriched in various vegetables, fruits, and herbal products, and some were reported to produce transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions. This study aimed to screen potential inhibitors of OCT2 from 96 flavonoids, assess the nephroprotective effects on cisplatin-induced kidney injury, and clarify the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids with OCT2. Ten flavonoids exhibited significant inhibition (>50%) on OCT2 in OCT2-HEK293 cells. Among them, the six most potent flavonoid inhibitors, including pectolinarigenin, biochanin A, luteolin, chrysin, 6-hydroxyflavone, and 6-methylflavone markedly decreased cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, in cisplatin-induced renal injury models, they also reduced serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels to different degrees, the best of which was 6-methylflavone. The pharmacophore model clarified that the aromatic ring, hydrogen bond acceptors, and hydrogen bond donors might play a vital role in the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on OCT2. Thus, our findings would pave the way to predicting the potential risks of flavonoid-containing food/herb-drug interactions in humans and optimizing flavonoid structure to alleviate OCT2-related AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiahuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wanting Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Health Management and Service, Cangzhou Medical College, Hebei, 061001, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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El Menyiy N, Aboulaghras S, Bakrim S, Moubachir R, Taha D, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Hermansyah A, Ming LC, Rusu ME, Bouyahya A. Genkwanin: An emerging natural compound with multifaceted pharmacological effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115159. [PMID: 37481929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive molecules could play key preventive and therapeutic roles in chronological aging and the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, often accompanied by increased oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Dietary antioxidants, including genkwanin, could decrease oxidative stress and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines or pathways. The present study is the first comprehensive review of genkwanin, a methoxyflavone found in several plant species. Indeed, natural sources, and pharmacokinetics of genkwanin, the biological properties were discussed and highlighted in detail. This review analyzed and considered all original studies related to identification, isolation, quantification, investigation of the biological and pharmacological properties of genkwanin. We consulted all published papers in peer-reviewed journals in the English language from the inception of each database to 12 May 2023. Different phytochemical demonstrated that genkwanin is a non-glycosylated flavone found and isolated from several medicinal plants such as Genkwa Flos, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Leonurus sibiricus. In vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological investigations showed that Genkwanin exhibits remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, genkwanin, via activation of glucokinase, has shown antihyperglycemic activity with a potential role against metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Additionally, it revealed cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and assisting against neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, genkwanin showed other biological properties like antitumor capability, antibacterial, antiviral, and dermato-protective effects. The involved mechanisms include sub-cellular, cellular and molecular actions at different levels such as inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Despite the findings from preclinical studies that have demonstrated the effects of genkwanin and its diverse mechanisms of action, additional research is required to comprehensively explore its therapeutic potential. Primarily, extensive studies should be carried out to enhance our understanding of the molecule's pharmacodynamic actions and pharmacokinetic pathways. Moreover, toxicological and clinical investigations should be undertaken to assess the safety and clinical efficacy of genkwanin. These forthcoming studies are of utmost importance in fully unlocking the potential of this molecule in the realm of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco.
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
| | - Rania Moubachir
- Bioactives and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Doaue Taha
- Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment Laboratory, CERNE2D, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia; PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
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Naringenin and Hesperidin as Promising Alternatives for Prevention and Co-Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030586. [PMID: 36978836 PMCID: PMC10045673 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus (genus Citrus L.) fruits are essential sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties, such as flavonoids. These polyphenolic compounds are divided into subclasses, in which flavanones are the most prominent. Among them, naringenin and hesperidin are emerging compounds with anticancer potential, especially for breast cancer (BC). Several mechanisms have been proposed, including the modulation of epigenetics, estrogen signaling, induction of cell death via regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways, and inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis. However, this information is sparse in the literature and needs to be brought together to provide an overview of how naringenin and hesperidin can serve as therapeutic tools for drug development and as a successful co-adjuvant strategy against BC. This review detailed such mechanisms in this context and highlighted how naringenin and hesperidin could interfere in BC carcinogenesis and be helpful as potential alternative therapeutic sources for breast cancer treatment.
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Liu Y, Nie X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Ju F. Visualizing the distribution of flavonoids in litchi ( Litchi chinenis) seeds through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144449. [PMID: 36909412 PMCID: PMC9998689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the most important bioactive components in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) seeds and have broad-spectrum antiviral and antitumor activities. Litchi seeds have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, particularly effective against breast and liver cancers. Elucidating the distribution of flavonoids is important for understanding their physiological and biochemical functions and facilitating their efficient extraction and utilization. However, the spatial distribution patterns and expression states of flavonoids in litchi seeds remain unclear. Herein, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used for in situ detection and imaging of the distribution of flavonoids in litchi seed tissue sections for the first time. Fifteen flavonoid ion signals, including liquiritigenin, apigenin, naringenin, luteolin, dihydrokaempferol, daidzein, quercetin, taxifolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, myricetin, catechin, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, baicalin, and rutin, were successfully detected and imaged in situ through MALDI-MSI in the positive ion mode using 2-mercaptobenzothiazole as a matrix. The results clearly showed the heterogeneous distribution of flavonoids, indicating the potential of litchi seeds for flavonoid compound extraction. MALDI-MS-based multi-imaging enhanced the visualization of spatial distribution and expression states of flavonoids. Thus, apart from improving our understanding of the spatial distribution of flavonoids in litchi seeds, our findings also facilitate the development of MALDI-MSI-based metabolomics as a novel effective molecular imaging tool for evaluating the spatial distribution of endogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Disease Center, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofei Nie
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenqi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Department of Gynecological Neoplasms, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Ju
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Deng F, Sjöstedt N, Santo M, Neuvonen M, Niemi M, Kidron H. Novel inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) among marketed drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106362. [PMID: 36529162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a major concern for the safe use of medications. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a clinically relevant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter for drug disposition. Inhibition of BCRP increases the plasma concentrations of BCRP substrate drugs, which potentially could lead to adverse drug reactions. The aim of the present study was to identify BCRP inhibitors amongst a library of 232 commonly used drugs and anticancer drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). BCRP inhibition studies were carried out using the vesicular transport assay. We found 75 drugs that reduced the relative transport activity of BCRP to less than 25% of the vehicle control and were categorized as strong inhibitors. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) was determined for 13 strong inhibitors that were previously poorly characterized for BCRP inhibition. The IC50 ranged from 1.1 to 11 µM, with vemurafenib, dabigatran etexilate and everolimus being the strongest inhibitors. According to the drug interaction guidance documents from the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), in vivo DDI studies are warranted if the theoretical intestinal luminal concentration of a drug exceeds its IC50 by tenfold. Here, the IC50 values for eight of the drugs were 100-fold lower than their theoretical intestinal luminal concentration. Moreover, a mechanistic static model suggested that vemurafenib, bexarotene, dabigatran etexilate, rifapentine, aprepitant, and ivacaftor could almost fully inhibit intestinal BCRP, increasing the exposure of concomitantly administered rosuvastatin over 90%. Therefore, clinical studies are warranted to investigate whether these drugs cause BCRP-mediated DDIs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Tukholmankatu 8 C, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Finland
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland
| | - Mariangela Santo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Tukholmankatu 8 C, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Tukholmankatu 8 C, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland.
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Deng N, Qiao M, Li Y, Liang F, Li J, Liu Y. Anticancer effects of licochalcones: A review of the mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1074506. [PMID: 36755942 PMCID: PMC9900005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1074506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high fatality rate representing a serious threat to human health. Researchers have tried to identify effective anticancer drugs. Licorice is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological properties, and licorice-derived flavonoids include licochalcones like licochalcone A, licochalcone B, licochalcone C, licochalcone D, licochalcone E, and licochalcone H. By regulating the expression in multiple signaling pathways such as the EGFR/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38/JNK, JAK2/STAT3, MEK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and MKK4/JNK pathways, and their downstream proteins, licochalcones can activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor pathway, promote autophagy-related protein expression, inhibit the expression of cell cycle proteins and angiogenesis factors, regulate autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Among the licochalcones, the largest number of studies examined licochalcone A, far more than other licochalcones. Licochalcone A not only has prominent anticancer effects but also can be used to inhibit the efflux of antineoplastic drugs from cancer cells. Moreover, derivatives of licochalcone A exhibit strong antitumor effects. Currently, most results of the anticancer effects of licochalcones are derived from cell experiments. Thus, more clinical studies are needed to confirm the antineoplastic effects of licochalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Deng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Qiao
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyan Liang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yanfeng Liu,
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10
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He Q, Mu Q, Wei Z, Peng B, Lan Z, Zhang Y, Yao W, Nie J. Investigation of the binding behavior of bioactive 7-methoxyflavone to human serum albumin by coupling multi-spectroscopic with computational approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121920. [PMID: 36201870 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural flavonoids with bioactivity as secondary plant metabolites are mostly found in fruits, vegetables, tea and herbs, the distribution and bioavailability of which in vivo depends on the interaction and successive binding with carrier proteins in the systemic circulation. In this paper, the binding behavior of bioactive 7-methoxyflavone (7-MF) with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied with the aid of the combination of multi-spectroscopic methods, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. The results of multi-spectroscopic experiments revealed that 7-MF interacted with HSA predominantly via fluorescence static quenching and the microenvironment around the fluorophore Trp residues in HSA became more hydrophilicity with the binding of 7-MF. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces played a dominant role in stabilizing the HSA-7-MF complex. Moreover, the docking experiment and molecular dynamic simulation further confirmed that 7-MF could enter the active cavity of HSA and caused more stable conformation and change of secondary structure of HSA through forming hydrogen bond. The exploration of the mechanism of 7-MF binding to HSA lights a new avenue to understand the stability, transport and distribution of 7-MF and 7-MF may hold great potential to be extended as a promising alternative of dietary supplements or pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qi'er Mu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhongxun Wei
- Momordica grosvenori Research Institution, Yongfu County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guilin 541800, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Momordica grosvenori Research Institution, Yongfu County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guilin 541800, China
| | - Zhenni Lan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Weihao Yao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jinfang Nie
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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11
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Why Do Dietary Flavonoids Have a Promising Effect as Enhancers of Anthracyclines? Hydroxyl Substituents, Bioavailability and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010391. [PMID: 36613834 PMCID: PMC9820151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines currently play a key role in the treatment of many cancers, but the limiting factor of their use is the widespread phenomenon of drug resistance and untargeted toxicity. Flavonoids have pleiotropic, beneficial effects on human health that, apart from antioxidant activity, are currently considered small molecules-starting structures for drug development and enhancers of conventional therapeutics. This paper is a review of the current and most important data on the participation of a selected series of flavonoids: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin, which differ in the presence of an additional hydroxyl group, in the formation of a synergistic effect with anthracycline antibiotics. The review includes a characterization of the mechanism of action of flavonoids, as well as insight into the physicochemical parameters determining their bioavailability in vitro. The crosstalk between flavonoids and the molecular activity of anthracyclines discussed in the article covers the most important common areas of action, such as (1) disruption of DNA integrity (genotoxic effect), (2) modulation of antioxidant response pathways, and (3) inhibition of the activity of membrane proteins responsible for the active transport of drugs and xenobiotics. The increase in knowledge about the relationship between the molecular structure of flavonoids and their biological effect makes it possible to more effectively search for derivatives with a synergistic effect with anthracyclines and to develop better therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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12
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Constantinescu T, Mihis AG. Two Important Anticancer Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Chalcones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911595. [PMID: 36232899 PMCID: PMC9570335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G and tubulin pharmacological mechanisms decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by modulating drug absorption and by creating tubulin assembly through polymerization. A series of natural and synthetic chalcones have been reported to have very good anticancer activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration lower than 1 µM. By modulation, it is observed in case of the first mechanism that methoxy substituents on the aromatic cycle of acetophenone residue and substitution of phenyl nucleus by a heterocycle and by methoxy or hydroxyl groups have a positive impact. To inhibit tubulin, compounds bind to colchicine binding site. Presence of methoxy groups, amino groups or heterocyclic substituents increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Constantinescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Grig Mihis
- Advanced Materials and Applied Technologies Laboratory, Institute of Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Fantanele Str. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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13
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Li MT, Xie L, Jiang HM, Huang Q, Tong RS, Li X, Xie X, Liu HM. Role of Licochalcone A in Potential Pharmacological Therapy: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878776. [PMID: 35677438 PMCID: PMC9168596 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LA), a useful and valuable flavonoid, is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. and widely used clinically in traditional Chinese medicine. We systematically updated the latest information on the pharmacology of LA over the past decade from several authoritative internet databases, including Web of Science, Elsevier, Europe PMC, Wiley Online Library, and PubMed. A combination of keywords containing “Licochalcone A,” “Flavonoid,” and “Pharmacological Therapy” was used to help ensure a comprehensive review. Collected information demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological properties for LA, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, bone protection, blood glucose and lipid regulation, neuroprotection, and skin protection. LA activity is mediated through several signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, P53, NF-κB, and P38. Caspase-3 apoptosis, MAPK inflammatory, and Nrf2 oxidative stress signaling pathways are also involved with multiple therapeutic targets, such as TNF-α, VEGF, Fas, FasL, PI3K, AKT, and caspases. Recent studies mainly focus on the anticancer properties of LA, which suggests that the pharmacology of other aspects of LA will need additional study. At the end of this review, current challenges and future research directions on LA are discussed. This review is divided into three parts based on the pharmacological effects of LA for the convenience of readers. We anticipate that this review will inspire further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong-Sheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Biotechnological Applications and Health-Promoting Properties of Flavonols: An Updated View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031710. [PMID: 35163632 PMCID: PMC8835978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonols are a subclass of natural flavonoids characterized by a remarkable number of biotechnological applications and health-promoting properties. They attract researchers’ attention due to many epidemiological studies supporting their usage. They are phytochemicals commonly present in our diet, being ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and, in particular, relatively very abundant in fruits and vegetables. All these aspects make flavonols candidates of choice for the valorization of products, based on the presence of a remarkable number of different chemical structures, each one characterized by specific chemical features capable of influencing biological targets inside the living organisms in very different manners. In this review, we analyzed the biochemical and physiological characteristics of flavonols focalizing our attention on the most promising compounds to shed some light on their increasing utilization in biotechnological applications in processing industries, as well as their suitable employment to improve the overall wellness of the humankind.
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15
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Zou W, Shi B, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Huang B, Ouyang B, Cai Z, Liu M. Drug Transporters in the Kidney: Perspectives on Species Differences, Disease Status, and Molecular Docking. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746208. [PMID: 34912216 PMCID: PMC8666590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are a pair of important organs that excretes endogenous waste and exogenous biological agents from the body. Numerous transporters are involved in the excretion process. The levels of these transporters could affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, such as organic anion drugs, organic cationic drugs, and peptide drugs. Eleven drug transporters in the kidney (OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, OCT2, MDR1, BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT4, MRP2, and MRP4) have become necessary research items in the development of innovative drugs. However, the levels of these transporters vary between different species, sex-genders, ages, and disease statuses, which may lead to different pharmacokinetics of drugs. Here, we review the differences of the important transports in the mentioned conditions, in order to help clinicians to improve clinical prescriptions for patients. To predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by renal drug transporters, the molecular docking method is used for rapid screening of substrates or inhibitors of the drug transporters. Here, we review a large number of natural products that represent potential substrates and/or inhibitors of transporters by the molecular docking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Birui Shi
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baolin Huang
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Yalcin-Ozkat G. Molecular Modeling Strategies of Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100789. [PMID: 34973929 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, the increase in cancer cases observed in the elderly population, as well as in children and adolescents, makes human malignancies a prime target for anticancer drug development. Although highly effective chemotherapeutic agents are continuously developed and approved for clinical treatment, the major impediment towards curative cancer therapy remains multidrug resistance (MDR). In recent years, intensive studies have been carried out on the identification of new therapeutic molecules to reverse MDR efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Although a great deal of progress has been made in the development of specific inhibitors for certain MDR efflux pumps in experimental studies, advanced computational studies can accelerate this drug development process. In the literature, there are many experimental studies on the impact of natural products and synthetic small molecules on the reversal of cancer MDR. Molecular modeling methods provide an opportunity to explain the activity of these molecules on the ABC-transporter family with non-covalent interactions as well as it is possible to carry out studies for the discovery of new anticancer drugs specific to MDR with these methods. The coordinate file of the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the target protein is indispensable for molecular modeling studies. In some cases where a 3D structure cannot be obtained by experimental methods, the homology modeling method can be applied to obtain the file containing the target protein's information including atomic coordinates, secondary structure assignments, and atomic connectivity. Homology modeling studies are of great importance for efflux transporter proteins that still lack 3D structures due to crystallization problems with multiple hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Quantum mechanics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation applications are the most frequently used molecular modeling methods in the literature to investigate non-covalent interactions between the drug-ABC transporter superfamily. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model provides a relationship between the chemical properties of a compound and its biological activity. Determining the pharmacophore region for a new drug molecule by superpositioning a series of molecules according to their physicochemical properties using QSAR models is another method in which molecular modeling is used in computational drug development studies with ABC transporter proteins. There are also in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/Tox) studies conducted to make a prediction about the pharmacokinetic properties, and drug-likeness of new molecules. Drug repurposing studies, which have become a trending topic in recent years, involve identifying possible new targets for an already approved drug molecule. There are few studies in the literature in which drug repurposing performed by molecular modelling methods has been applied on ABC transporter proteins. The aim of the current paper is to create a complete review of drug development studies including aforementioned molecular modeling methods carried out between the years 2019-2021. Furthermore, an intensive investigation is also conducted on licensed applications and free web servers used in in silico studies. The current review is an up-to-date guide for researchers who plan to conduct computational studies with MDR transporter proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Yalcin-Ozkat
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Bioengineering Department, 53100, Rize, Turkey; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Molecular Simulations and Design Group, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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17
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Sousa C, Duarte D, Silva-Lima B, Videira M. Repurposing Natural Dietary Flavonoids in the Modulation of Cancer Tumorigenesis: Decrypting the Molecular Targets of Naringenin, Hesperetin and Myricetin. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1188-1202. [PMID: 34739306 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1955285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years flavonoids have been gaining more attention regarding their (still un) exploited anticancer properties. Flavonoids are natural compounds present in fruits, vegetables, and seeds, meaning that they are already present in the daily life of every person, with a described broad-spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In the present review we discuss the anticancer activity of three important flavonoids - myricetin (MYR) (flavanol group), hesperetin (HESP) and naringenin (NAR) (flavanone group). Although some mechanisms underlying their activities remain still unclear, they can act as potential inhibitors of key tumorigenic signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK and NF-κB. Simultaneously, they can reset the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins that belong to the Bcl-2 and caspase family and decrease the intracellular levels of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Together with their synergetic effect they have the potential to become key elements in the prevention and/or treatment of several types of cancer, with the major improvement to the patient life quality, due to their non-existent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sousa
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Denise Duarte
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Videira
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Reversal of ABCG2/BCRP-Mediated Multidrug Resistance by 5,3',5'-Trihydroxy-3,6,7,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone Isolated from the Australian Desert Plant Eremophila galeata Chinnock. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101534. [PMID: 34680166 PMCID: PMC8534154 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in cancer treatment, and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is an important target in the search for new MDR-reversing drugs. With the aim of discovering new potential BCRP inhibitors, the crude extract of leaves of Eremophila galeata, a plant endemic to Australia, was investigated for inhibitory activity of parental (HT29par) as well as BCRP-overexpressing HT29 colon cancer cells resistant to the chemotherapeutic SN-38 (i.e., HT29SN38 cells). This identified a fraction, eluted with 40% acetonitrile on a solid-phase extraction column, which showed weak growth-inhibitory activity on HT29SN38 cells when administered alone, but exhibited concentration-dependent growth inhibition when administered in combination with SN-38. The major constituent in this fraction was isolated and found to be 5,3′,5′-trihydroxy-3,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (2), which at a concentration of 25 μg/mL potentiated the growth-inhibitory activity of SN-38 to a degree comparable to that of the known BCRP inhibitor Ko143 at 1 μM. A dye accumulation experiment suggested that 2 inhibits BCRP, and docking studies showed that 2 binds to the same BCRP site as SN-38. These results indicate that 2 acts synergistically with SN-38, with 2 being a BCRP efflux pump inhibitor while SN-38 inhibits topoisomerase-1.
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Hao Y, Wei Z, Wang Z, Li G, Yao Y, Dun B. Biotransformation of Flavonoids Improves Antimicrobial and Anti-Breast Cancer Activities In Vitro. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102367. [PMID: 34681416 PMCID: PMC8535490 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coarse cereals are rich in flavonoids, which are bioactive substances with a wide range of functions. Biotransformation is considered an emerging approach to methylate flavonoids, displaying prominent regio- and stereoselectivity. In the current study, liquiritigenin, naringenin, and hesperidin flavonoids were biotransformed using O-methyltransferases that were heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ5464-NpgA. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used together with high-resolution mass spectroscopy analysis to determine the structures of the resulting methylated transformants, and their antimicrobial and antiproliferation activities were also characterized. Among the five methylated flavonoids obtained, 7-methoxy-liquiritigenin had the strongest inhibitory effect on Candida albicans SC5314 (C. albicans SC5314), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 (S. aureus ATCC6538), and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 (E. coli ATCC25922), which increased 7.65-, 1.49-, and 0.54-fold in comparison to the values of their unmethylated counterparts at 200, 250, and 400 μM, respectively. The results suggest that 3′-methoxyhesperetin showed the best antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 10.45 ± 0.45 µM, which was an increase of more than 14.35-fold compared to that of hesperetin. These results indicate that methylation enhances the antimicrobial activities and antiproliferative effects of flavonoids. The current study provides an experimental basis for further research on flavonoids as well as flavonoid-containing crops in the development of antimicrobial and anti-breast cancer drugs in addition to supplementary and health foods. The biotransformation method is ideal, as it represents a means for the sustainable production of bioactive flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zuchen Wei
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of Three Gorges Reservoir Area’s Medicinal Herbs, College of Life Science & Engineering, The Chongqing Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, No. 666 Tianxing Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Guiying Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Yao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Baoqing Dun
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Gao S, Siddiqui N, Etim I, Du T, Zhang Y, Liang D. Developing nutritional component chrysin as a therapeutic agent: Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics consideration, and ADME mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112080. [PMID: 34449320 PMCID: PMC8653576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a promising naturally occurring flavonoid mainly found in honey and propolis. Although chrysin's biological activities have been demonstrated and the mechanism of actions has been determined using in vitro and in vivo models, results from the current clinical studies were largely negative. A potential reason for chrysin's low efficacy in humans is poor oral bioavailability. In this paper, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics studies of chrysin and analyzed the mechanism of poor in vivo efficacy with emphasis on its bioavailability and ADME mechanism. Low aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism mediated by UGTs and SULT, efficient excretion through efflux transporters including BCRP and MRP2 are the major reasons causing poor systemic bioavailability for chrysin. However, because of efficient enterohepatic recycling facilitated by phase II metabolism and efflux, chrysin's bioavailability in the low GI tract is high. Thus, chrysin can be ideal for treating diseases in the terminal ileum and colon (e.g., carcinoma, local infection) since it is localized in the lower GI tract with limited delivery to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004.
| | - Nyma Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Imoh Etim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
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Prakash O, Singh R, Singh N, Usmani S, Arif M, Kumar R, Ved A. Anticancer potential of Naringenin, Biosynthesis, Molecular target, and structural perspectives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:758-769. [PMID: 34517796 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210913112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous novel medicinal agents isolated from plant sources were used as indigenous remedies for the management and treatment of various types of cancer diseases. Naringenin is a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside and aglycone (genin) moiety of naringin, predominantly found in citrus and grapefruits, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of a variety of diseases. A huge number of scientific papers have been published on naringenin describing its detailed studies and its therapeutic application in different diseases. The current study highlights, a comprehensive study on naringenin concerning its biosynthesis, molecular targets/pathways involved in carcinogenesis, mechanism of actions (MOAs), and structure-activity relationships (SARs), and patents granted have been highlighted. Naringenin and its derivatives has remarkable anti-cancer activity due to their inhibitory potential against diverse targets namely ABCG2/P-gp/BCRP, 5a-reductase, 17-bhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, aromatase, proteasome, HDAC/Situin-1, VEGF, VEGFR-2 kinase, MMP-2/9, JAK/STAT signaling pathways, CDC25B, tubulin, topoisomerase-II, cathepsin-K, Wnt, NF-kB, B-Raf and mTOR, etc. With the huge knowledge of molecular targets, structural intuition, and SARs, the current study may be beneficial to design more potent, safe, effective, and economic anti-cancer naringenin. This is concluded that naringenin is a promising natural product for the management and therapy of cancer. Further evolution for pharmacological importance, clinical research, and trials are required to manifest its therapeutic action on metabolic syndrome in the human community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Goel Institute of Pharmacy and Sciences, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Yash Raj Institute of Pharmacy, Baghamau, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Shazia Usmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Mohd Arif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Akash Ved
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India
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22
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Identifying Active Compounds and Mechanism of Camellia nitidissima Chi on Anti-Colon Cancer by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7169211. [PMID: 34484402 PMCID: PMC8413042 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7169211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Camellia nitidissima Chi (CNC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with anticancer property. However, its underlying mechanisms of anti-colon cancer (CC) remain unknown. Therefore, a systematic approach is proposed in the present study to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of CNC based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Initially, the potential active ingredients of CNC were verified via the TCMSP database based on the oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) terms. Hub targets of CNC were acquired from SwissTarget prediction and TCMSP databases, and target genes related to CC were gathered from GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape was used to establish the compound-target networks. Next, the hub target genes collected from the CNC and CC were parsed via GO and KEGG analysis. Results of GO and KEGG analysis reveal that quercetin and luteolin in CNC, VEGFA and AKT1 targets, and PI3K-Akt pathway were associated with the suppression of CC. Besides, the result of molecular docking unveils that VEGFA demonstrates the most powerful binding affinity among the binding outcomes. This finding was successfully validated using in vitro HCT116 cell model experiment. In conclusion, this study proved the usefulness of integrating network pharmacology with in vitro experiments in the elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms of TCM.
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Comparison and Analysis on the Existing Single-Herbal Strategies against Viral Myocarditis. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:9952620. [PMID: 34456633 PMCID: PMC8371739 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9952620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herbal medicine is one of crucial symbols of Chinese national medicine. Investigation on molecular responses of different herbal strategies against viral myocarditis is immeasurably conducive to targeting drug development in the current international absence of miracle treatment. Methods Literature retrieval platforms were applied in the collection of existing empirical evidences for viral myocarditis-related single-herbal strategies. SwissTargetPrediction, Metascape, and Discovery Studio coordinating with multidatabases investigated underlying target genes, interactive proteins, and docking molecules in turn. Results Six single-herbal medicines consisting of Huangqi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim), Yuganzi (Phyllanthi Fructus), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Jianghuang (Curcumaelongae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), and Jixueteng (Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn) meet the requirement. There were 11 overlapped and 73 unique natural components detected in these herbs. SLC6A2, SLC6A4, NOS2, PPARA, PPARG, ACHE, CYP2C19, CYP51A1, and CHRM2 were equally targeted by six herbs and identified as viral myocarditis-associated symbols. MCODE algorithm exposed the hub role of SRC and EGFR in strategies without Jianghuang. Subsequently, we learned intermolecular interactions of herbal components and their targeting heart-tissue-specific CHRM2, FABP3, TNNC1, TNNI3, TNNT2, and SCN5A and cardiac-myocytes-specific IL6, MMP1, and PLAT coupled with viral myocarditis. Ten interactive characteristics such as π-alkyl and van der Waals were modeled in which ARG111, LYS253, ILE114, and VAL11 on cardiac troponin (TNNC1-TNNI3-TNNT2) and ARG208, ASN106, and ALA258 on MMP1 fulfilled potential communicating anchor with ellagic acid, 5α, 9α-dihydroxymatrine, and leachianone g via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, respectively. Conclusions The comprehensive outcomes uncover differences and linkages between six herbs against viral myocarditis through component and target analysis, fostering development of drugs.
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Brockmueller A, Zhai K, Abdellatif B, Siddiqui M, Biringer K, Kudela E, Pec M, Gadanec LK, Šudomová M, Hassan STS, Zulli A, Shakibaei M, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Flavonoids as an effective sensitizer for anti-cancer therapy: insights into multi-faceted mechanisms and applicability towards individualized patient profiles. EPMA J 2021; 12:155-176. [PMID: 34025826 PMCID: PMC8126506 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cost-efficacy of currently applied treatments is an issue in overall cancer management challenging healthcare and causing tremendous economic burden to societies around the world. Consequently, complex treatment models presenting concepts of predictive diagnostics followed by targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the personal patient profiles earn global appreciation as benefiting the patient, healthcare economy, and the society at large. In this context, application of flavonoids as a spectrum of compounds and their nano-technologically created derivatives is extensively under consideration, due to their multi-faceted anti-cancer effects applicable to the overall cost-effective cancer management, primary, secondary, and even tertiary prevention. This article analyzes most recently updated data focused on the potent capacity of flavonoids to promote anti-cancer therapeutic effects and interprets all the collected research achievements in the frame-work of predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine. Main pillars considered are: - Predictable anti-neoplastic, immune-modulating, drug-sensitizing effects; - Targeted molecular pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes by increasing sensitivity of cancer cells and reversing their resistance towards currently applied therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Manaal Siddiqui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 3030 Australia
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 66461 Rajhrad, Czech Republic
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 3030 Australia
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Sajid M, Channakesavula CN, Stone SR, Kaur P. Synthetic Biology towards Improved Flavonoid Pharmacokinetics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050754. [PMID: 34069975 PMCID: PMC8157843 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a structurally diverse class of natural products that have been found to have a range of beneficial activities in humans. However, the clinical utilisation of these molecules has been limited due to their low solubility, chemical stability, bioavailability and extensive intestinal metabolism in vivo. Recently, the view has been formed that site-specific modification of flavonoids by methylation and/or glycosylation, processes that occur in plants endogenously, can be used to improve and adapt their biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties. The traditional source of flavonoids and their modified forms is from plants and is limited due to the low amounts present in biomass, intrinsic to the nature of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Access to greater amounts of flavonoids, and understanding of the impact of modifications, requires a rethink in terms of production, more specifically towards the adoption of plant biosynthetic pathways into ex planta synthesis approaches. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, aided by protein engineering and machine learning methods, offer attractive and exciting avenues for ex planta flavonoid synthesis. This review seeks to explore the applications of synthetic biology towards the ex planta biosynthesis of flavonoids, and how the natural plant methylation and glycosylation pathways can be harnessed to produce modified flavonoids with more favourable biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties for clinical use. It is envisaged that the development of viable alternative production systems for the synthesis of flavonoids and their methylated and glycosylated forms will help facilitate their greater clinical application.
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Pham TH, Page YL, Percevault F, Ferrière F, Flouriot G, Pakdel F. Apigenin, a Partial Antagonist of the Estrogen Receptor (ER), Inhibits ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through Akt/FOXM1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010470. [PMID: 33466512 PMCID: PMC7796491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 80% of breast cancer (BC) cases express the estrogen receptor (ER), and 30-40% of these cases acquire resistance to endocrine therapies over time. Hyperactivation of Akt is one of the mechanisms by which endocrine resistance is acquired. Apigenin (Api), a flavone found in several plant foods, has shown beneficial effects in cancer and chronic diseases. Here, we studied the therapeutic potential of Api in the treatment of ER-positive, endocrine therapy-resistant BC. To achieve this objective, we stably overexpressed the constitutively active form of the Akt protein in MCF-7 cells (named the MCF-7/Akt clone). The proliferation of MCF-7/Akt cells is partially independent of estradiol (E2) and exhibits an incomplete response to the anti-estrogen agent 4-hydroxytamoxifen, demonstrating the resistance of these cells to hormone therapy. Api exerts an antiproliferative effect on the MCF-7/Akt clone. Api inhibits the proliferative effect of E2 by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Importantly, Api inhibits the Akt/FOXM1 signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of FOXM1, a key transcription factor involved in the cell cycle. Api also alters the expression of genes regulated by FOXM1, including cell cycle-related genes, particularly in the MCF-7/Akt clone. Together, our results strengthen the therapeutic potential of Api for the treatment of endocrine-resistant BC.
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Petrova ON, Lamarre I, Fasani F, Grillon C, Negrerie M. Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Inhibitors Discovered among Natural Compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3642-3651. [PMID: 33290062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the human receptor of nitric oxide (NO) in numerous kinds of cells and produces the second messenger 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) upon NO binding to its heme. sGC is involved in many cell signaling pathways both under healthy conditions and under pathological conditions, such as angiogenesis associated with tumor growth. Addressing the selective inhibition of the NO/cGMP pathway is a strategy worthwhile to be investigated for slowing down tumoral angiogenesis or for curing vasoplegia. However, sGC inhibitors are lacking investigation. We have explored a chemical library of various natural compounds and have discovered inhibitors of sGC. The selected compounds were evaluated for their inhibition of purified sGC in vitro and sGC in endothelial cells. Six natural compounds, from various organisms, have IC50 in the range 0.2-1.5 μM for inhibiting the NO-activated synthesis of cGMP by sGC, and selected compounds exhibit a quantified antiangiogenic activity using an endothelial cell line. These sGC inhibitors can be used directly as tools to investigate angiogenesis and cell signaling or as templates for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Petrova
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM U1182, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabelle Lamarre
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM U1182, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabienne Fasani
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, Orléans, France
| | | | - Michel Negrerie
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM U1182, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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Martín-Ramos P, Martín-Gil J, Gómez-García D, Cuchí-Oterino JA. On the Physicochemical Characteristics and Applications of an "Undesirable" Pyrenean Thorny Cushion Dwarf: Echinospartum horridum (Vahl) Roth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091180. [PMID: 32932825 PMCID: PMC7570334 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Small evergreen shrubs of the family Fabaceae represent a large proportion of current Mediterranean mountain vegetation. Their low pastoral value and tendency for encroachment makes these plants undesirable. In this paper, the thermal and chemical characteristics of Echinospartum horridum, a thorny cushion-shaped dwarf shrub native to the French Central Massif and the Pyrenees (particularly dominant in the shrublands of the Pyrenees), have been analyzed with a view to its valorization. Although the higher and lower heating values of the biomass from E. horridum met the ISO 17225-2:2014 requirements for its use in pellets, the ash content was slightly above the upper limit, so it would not comply with the normative for its acceptable use as a fuel. Nevertheless, the presence of high added-value flavonoids and lignans in its extracts, which are receiving increasing recent interest as efficient anti-tumor drugs and antivirals, may open the door to the valorization of this shrub for pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain;
| | - Daniel Gómez-García
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC). Avda. Ntra. Sra. de la Victoria 16, 22700 Jaca, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Cuchí-Oterino
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain;
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Ferraz da Costa DC, Pereira Rangel L, Quarti J, Santos RA, Silva JL, Fialho E. Bioactive Compounds and Metabolites from Grapes and Red Wine in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153531. [PMID: 32752302 PMCID: PMC7436232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals and their metabolites are not considered essential nutrients in humans, although an increasing number of well-conducted studies are linking their higher intake with a lower incidence of non-communicable diseases, including cancer. This review summarizes the current findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds from grapes and red wine and their metabolites on breast cancer—the most commonly occurring cancer in women—chemoprevention and treatment. Flavonoid compounds like flavonols, monomeric catechins, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins and non-flavonoid phenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, as well as their metabolites, are discussed with respect to structure and metabolism/bioavailability. In addition, a broad discussion regarding in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials about the chemoprevention and therapy using these molecules is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly C. Ferraz da Costa
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (D.C.F.d.C.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Luciana Pereira Rangel
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Julia Quarti
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Ronimara A. Santos
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (D.C.F.d.C.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondences: (J.L.S.); (E.F.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6756 (J.L.S.); +55-21-3938-6799 (E.F.)
| | - Eliane Fialho
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
- Correspondences: (J.L.S.); (E.F.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6756 (J.L.S.); +55-21-3938-6799 (E.F.)
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30
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Human variability in influx and efflux transporters in relation to uncertainty factors for chemical risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Hsiao SH, Liu TC, Li YQ, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. Licochalcone A Selectively Resensitizes ABCG2-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Drugs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1461-1472. [PMID: 32347726 PMCID: PMC7402219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 has been linked to clinical multidrug resistance in solid tumors and blood cancers, which remains a significant obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. For years, the potential modulatory effect of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources on ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance has been investigated, as they are inherently well tolerated and offer a broad range of chemical scaffolds. Licochalcone A (LCA), a natural chalcone isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, is known to possess a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, including pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effects in various cancer cell lines. In this study, the chemosensitization effect of LCA was examined in ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Experimental data demonstrated that LCA inhibits the drug transport function of ABCG2 and reverses ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in human multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Results of LCA-stimulated ABCG2 ATPase activity and the in silico docking analysis of LCA to the inward-open conformation of human ABCG2 suggest that LCA binds ABCG2 in the transmembrane substrate-binding pocket. This study provides evidence that LCA should be further evaluated as a modulator of ABCG2 in drug combination therapy trials against ABCG2-expressing drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suresh. V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, United States
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Fan X, Bai J, Hu M, Xu Y, Zhao S, Sun Y, Wang B, Hu J, Li Y. Drug interaction study of flavonoids toward OATP1B1 and their 3D structure activity relationship analysis for predicting hepatoprotective effects. Toxicology 2020; 437:152445. [PMID: 32259555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), a liver-specific uptake transporter, was associated with drug induced liver injury (DILI). Screening and identifying potent OATP1B1 inhibitors with little toxicity is of great value in reducing OATP1B1-mediated DILI. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenols ubiquitously present in vegetables, fruits and herbal products, some of them were reported to produce transporter-mediated DDI. Our objective was to investigate potential inhibitors of OATP1B1 from 99 flavonoids, and to assess the hepatoprotective effects on bosentan induced liver injury. Eight flavonoids, including biochanin A, hispidulin, isoliquiritigenin, isosinensetin, kaempferol, licochalcone A, luteolin and sinensetin exhibited significant inhibition (>50 %) on OATP1B1 in OATP1B1-HEK293 cells, which reduced the OATP1B1-mediated influx of methotrexate, accordingly decreased its cytotoxicity in OATP1B1-HEK293 cells and increased its AUC0-t in different extents in rats, from 28.27%-82.71 %. In bosentan-induced rat liver injury models, 8 flavonoids reduced the levels of serum total bile acid (TBA) and the liver concentration of bosentan in different degrees. Among them, kaempferol decreased the concentration most significantly, by 54.17 %, which indicated that flavonoids may alleviate bosentan-induced liver injury by inhibiting OATP1B1-mediated bosentan uptake. Furthermore, the pharmacophore model indicated the hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors may play critical role in the potency of flavonoids inhibition on OATP1B1. Taken together, our findings would provide helpful information for predicting the potential risks of flavonoid-containing food/herb-drug interactions in humans and alleviating bosentan -induced liver injury by OATP1B1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Minwan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shengyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Barreca D, Mandalari G, Calderaro A, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Felice MR, Gattuso G. Citrus Flavones: An Update on Sources, Biological Functions, and Health Promoting Properties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030288. [PMID: 32110931 PMCID: PMC7154817 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus spp. are among the most widespread plants cultivated worldwide and every year millions of tons of fruit, juices, or processed compounds are produced and consumed, representing one of the main sources of nutrients in human diet. Among these, the flavonoids play a key role in providing a wide range of health beneficial effects. Apigenin, diosmetin, luteolin, acacetin, chrysoeriol, and their respective glycosides, that occur in concentrations up to 60 mg/L, are the most common flavones found in Citrus fruits and juices. The unique characteristics of their basic skeleton and the nature and position of the substituents have attracted and stimulated vigorous investigations as a consequence of an enormous biological potential, that manifests itself as (among other properties) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This review analyzes the biochemical, pharmacological, and biological properties of Citrus flavones, emphasizing their occurrence in Citrus spp. fruits and juices, on their bioavailability, and their ability to modulate signal cascades and key metabolic enzymes both in vitro and in vivo. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciFinder were used to investigate recent published articles on Citrus spp. in terms of components and bioactivity potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906765187; Fax: +39-0906765186
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Agricultural Science, Università degli Studi Mediterranea, Feo di Vito, IT-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Rosa Felice
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
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