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Jiang ZY, Liu MZ, Fu ZH, Liao XC, Xu B, Shi LL, Li JQ, Guo GH. The expression profile of lung long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in a mouse model of smoke inhalation injury. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4978-4990. [PMID: 35152840 PMCID: PMC8973775 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the potential expression of lung long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs during smoke inhalation injury (SII), using a SII mouse model that we created in our previous work. Microarray was used to investigate the lncRNAs and mRNAs profiles. A bioinformatics analysis was performed. Changes in the top 10 down-regulated and 10 up-regulated lncRNAs were validated using Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). The acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model was successfully induced by smoke inhalation, as confirmed by the aberrantly modified cell numbers of red blood cells and neutrophils counts, increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, caspase-7, caspase-3, and decreased Bcl-2 content in lung tissues. When compared to the control mice, 577 lncRNAs and 517 mRNAs were found to be aberrantly expressed in the SII mice. According to the Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, the altered mRNAs were enriched in acute-phase response, oxidoreductase activity, oxidation-reduction process, glutathione metabolism, the wnt signaling pathway, and ferroptosis. A lncRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, including 383 lncRNAs, 318 MicroRNAs (miRNAs), and 421 mRNAs specific to SII, was established. The changes in NONMMUT026843.2, NONMMUT065071.2, ENSMUST00000235858.1, NONMMUT131395.1, NONMMUT122516.1, NONMMUT057916.2, and NONMMUT013388.2 in the lung matched the microarray results. Our findings help to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of SII as well as new insights into potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ying Jiang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhuo Liu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Fu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Cheng Liao
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Liang Shi
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hua Guo
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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Abreu A, Costa C, Pinho E Silva S, Morais S, do Carmo Pereira M, Fernandes A, Moraes de Andrade V, Teixeira JP, Costa S. Wood smoke exposure of Portuguese wildland firefighters: DNA and oxidative damage evaluation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:596-604. [PMID: 28524757 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1286896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Portugal is among the European Union countries most devastated by forest fires each year. In the last three decades, more than 3.8 million hectares of forest were burned. Wildland firefighters are exposed to a variety of hazards, including many toxic combustion products that may lead to deleterious health effects. Epidemiological studies showed a positive association between firefighting and several chronic diseases, including cancer. Results from biomonitoring studies in firefighters, particularly concerning genotoxicity evaluation, constitute a valuable tool for investigating important occupational hazards. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess genotoxicity in a group of wildland firefighters using the comet assay for DNA damage and oxidative stress. Both parameters were increased in firefighters compared to controls, but significance was only found for basal DNA damage. No significant influence was found regarding major confounding variables on the genotoxic endpoints studied, with the exception of age. Data obtained provide preliminary information on human health effects of wildland firefighting exposure at genetic and molecular levels. These findings may also provide new important data to serve as public awareness to the potential adverse health risks involving wildland firefighting. Implementation of security and hygiene measures in this sector as well as good practices campaigns may be crucial to decrease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Abreu
- a EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- b Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- a EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- b Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department , Porto , Portugal
| | - Susana Pinho E Silva
- b Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department , Porto , Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- c REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida , Porto , Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira
- d LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias , Porto , Portugal
| | - Adília Fernandes
- e Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Avenida D. Afonso V , Bragança , Portugal
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- f Laboatory of Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC , Santa Catarina , Brazil
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- a EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- b Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department , Porto , Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- a EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- b Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department , Porto , Portugal
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Burmeister DM, McIntyre MK, Beely B, Jordan B, Walker KP, Aden JK, Batchinsky A, Chung KK, Cancio LC, Christy RJ. A model of recovery from inhalation injury and cutaneous burn in ambulatory swine. Burns 2017; 43:1295-1305. [PMID: 28410931 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation injury commonly accompanies thermal injury, increasing the likelihood of mortality and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Large animal models have given important insight into the pathophysiology of this injury; however recapitulating late MOD has remained difficult. The current report describes experiments using a smoke inhalation and burn model, with follow-up of ambulatory swine for 14days with bronchoscopy, CT scanning, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)/blood collection. Clinically, animals cleared airway damage in the first several days after-injury. This was mirrored with erythematous airways on day 2 after-injury, which resolved by the end of the experiment, as did parenchymal damage seen on CT. An initial rise in the protein content of BALF immediately after-injury was followed by a dramatic increase in the concentration of leukocytes. Circulating neutrophils increased while lymphocytes decreased; both correlated with cell counts in BALF. IL8 levels in BALF increased 30-fold and remained elevated throughout the experiment. IL1ra increased circulation immediately after-injury, and afterwards in BALF. Other cytokines (TNFα, IL12) transiently increased in BALF (and decreased in circulation) on day 2. Taken together, these results display a remarkable capability for the lungs to recover in the absence of intubation, with further evidence of the role of cytokines such as IL8 and IL1ra. The possible exacerbating effects of clinical practices such as ventilation and bronchoscopies should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brendan Beely
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, United States; The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma WA, United States
| | - Bryan Jordan
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, United States
| | - Kerfoot P Walker
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, United States
| | - James K Aden
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, United States
| | - Andriy Batchinsky
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, United States; The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma WA, United States
| | - Kevin K Chung
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, United States
| | | | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, United States.
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Adetona O, Reinhardt TE, Domitrovich J, Broyles G, Adetona AM, Kleinman MT, Ottmar RD, Naeher LP. Review of the health effects of wildland fire smoke on wildland firefighters and the public. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:95-139. [PMID: 26915822 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2016.1145771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Each year, the general public and wildland firefighters in the US are exposed to smoke from wildland fires. As part of an effort to characterize health risks of breathing this smoke, a review of the literature was conducted using five major databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE Web of Knowledge, to identify smoke components that present the highest hazard potential, the mechanisms of toxicity, review epidemiological studies for health effects and identify the current gap in knowledge on the health impacts of wildland fire smoke exposure. Respiratory events measured in time series studies as incidences of disease-caused mortality, hospital admissions, emergency room visits and symptoms in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients are the health effects that are most commonly associated with community level exposure to wildland fire smoke. A few recent studies have also determined associations between acute wildland fire smoke exposure and cardiovascular health end-points. These cardiopulmonary effects were mostly observed in association with ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, research on the health effects of this mixture is currently limited. The health effects of acute exposures beyond susceptible populations and the effects of chronic exposures experienced by the wildland firefighter are largely unknown. Longitudinal studies of wildland firefighters during and/or after the firefighting career could help elucidate some of the unknown health impacts of cumulative exposure to wildland fire smoke, establish occupational exposure limits and help determine the types of exposure controls that may be applicable to the occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi Adetona
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA .,b Division of Environmental Health Sciences , College of Public Health, the Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Timothy E Reinhardt
- c AMEC Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Joe Domitrovich
- d USDA Forest Service, Missoula Technology and Development Center , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - George Broyles
- e SDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center , San Dimas , CA , USA
| | - Anna M Adetona
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- f Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA , and
| | - Roger D Ottmar
- g USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Abstract
The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author, and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the official views of the Department of the Army or Department of Defense. Smoke inhalation injury occurs in about 10% of patients admitted to burn centres, and increases the mortality of burn patients by up to 20% over predictions based on age and burn size alone. The primary lesion in smoke inhalation injury is localized to the small airways, with alveolar injury and pulmonary oedema exercising a less prominent role during the initial phases. Injury incites a cascade of events that include ventilation-perfusion mismatch, secondary lung injury, systemic inflammation, impaired immune function, and pneumonia. The most important recent developments in the treatment of inhalation injury have included improved methods of pulmonary care targeted at the pathophysiology of the injury, such as high-frequency percussive ventilation and gentle mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo C Cancio
- US Army Burn Center, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA,
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Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal Enhanced by Lactic Acid Infusion in Spontaneously Breathing Conscious Sheep. Anesthesiology 2016; 124:674-82. [PMID: 26756517 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors studied the effects on membrane lung carbon dioxide extraction (VCO2ML), spontaneous ventilation, and energy expenditure (EE) of an innovative extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) technique enhanced by acidification (acid load carbon dioxide removal [ALCO2R]) via lactic acid. METHODS Six spontaneously breathing healthy ewes were connected to an extracorporeal circuit with blood flow 250 ml/min and gas flow 10 l/min. Sheep underwent two randomly ordered experimental sequences, each consisting of two 12-h alternating phases of ALCO2R and ECCO2R. During ALCO2R, lactic acid (1.5 mEq/min) was infused before the membrane lung. Caloric intake was not controlled, and animals were freely fed. VCO2ML, natural lung carbon dioxide extraction, total carbon dioxide production, and minute ventilation were recorded. Oxygen consumption and EE were calculated. RESULTS ALCO2R enhanced VCO2ML by 48% relative to ECCO2R (55.3 ± 3.1 vs. 37.2 ± 3.2 ml/min; P less than 0.001). During ALCO2R, minute ventilation and natural lung carbon dioxide extraction were not affected (7.88 ± 2.00 vs. 7.51 ± 1.89 l/min, P = 0.146; 167.9 ± 41.6 vs. 159.6 ± 51.8 ml/min, P = 0.063), whereas total carbon dioxide production, oxygen consumption, and EE rose by 12% each (223.53 ± 42.68 vs. 196.64 ± 50.92 ml/min, 215.3 ± 96.9 vs. 189.1 ± 89.0 ml/min, 67.5 ± 24.0 vs. 60.3 ± 20.1 kcal/h; P less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ALCO2R was effective in enhancing VCO2ML. However, lactic acid caused a rise in EE that made ALCO2R no different from standard ECCO2R with respect to ventilation. The authors suggest coupling lactic acid-enhanced ALCO2R with active measures to control metabolism.
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Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in Animals Subjected to Smoke Inhalation: A Systematic Review. Lung 2016; 194:487-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Walker PF, Buehner MF, Wood LA, Boyer NL, Driscoll IR, Lundy JB, Cancio LC, Chung KK. Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: an updated review. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:351. [PMID: 26507130 PMCID: PMC4624587 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-1077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this article we review recent advances made in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of inhalation injury. Historically, the diagnosis of inhalation injury has relied on nonspecific clinical exam findings and bronchoscopic evidence. The development of a grading system and the use of modalities such as chest computed tomography may allow for a more nuanced evaluation of inhalation injury and enhanced ability to prognosticate. Supportive respiratory care remains essential in managing inhalation injury. Adjuncts still lacking definitive evidence of efficacy include bronchodilators, mucolytic agents, inhaled anticoagulants, nonconventional ventilator modes, prone positioning, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Recent research focusing on molecular mechanisms involved in inhalation injury has increased the number of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Walker
- Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Michelle F Buehner
- Department of General Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
| | - Leslie A Wood
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Nathan L Boyer
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Ian R Driscoll
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Jonathan B Lundy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Leopoldo C Cancio
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Kevin K Chung
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Building A, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Mbatchou Ngahane BH, Afane Ze E, Chebu C, Mapoure NY, Temfack E, Nganda M, Luma NH. Effects of cooking fuel smoke on respiratory symptoms and lung function in semi-rural women in Cameroon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2014; 21:61-5. [PMID: 25384259 PMCID: PMC4273521 DOI: 10.1179/2049396714y.0000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air pollution is a major health problem in the developing world. In sub-Saharan Africa more than 90% of people rely on biomass to meet their domestic energy demands. Pollution from biomass fuel ranks 10th among preventable risk factors contributing to the global burden of diseases. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the factors associated with reduced lung function in a population of women exposed to cooking fuel smoke. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-rural area in Cameroon. We compared forced respiratory volume between women using wood (n = 145) and women using alternative sources of energy (n = 155) for cooking. RESULTS Chronic bronchitis was found in 7·6% of the wood smoke group and 0·6% in the alternative fuels group. We observed two cases of airflow obstruction in the wood smoke group. Factors associated with lung function impairment were chronic bronchitis, use of wood as cooking fuel, age, and height. CONCLUSION Respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function are more pronounced among women using wood as cooking fuel. Improved stoves technology should be developed to reduce the effects of wood smoke on respiratory health.
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Ramos C, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Becerril C, Cisneros J, González-Ávila G, Rivera-Rosales R, Sommer B, Medina-Campos ON, Montaño M. Oxidative stress and lung injury induced by short-term exposure to wood smoke in guinea pigs. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:711-22. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.843113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Inflammatory role of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in an experimental model of toxic smoke inhalation injury. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:120-32. [PMID: 23222262 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318265f653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanisms underlying lung inflammation in toxic smoke inhalation injury are unknown. We investigated the signaling pathway responsible for the induction of interleukin 8 by wood smoke extract in lung epithelial cells and lung inflammation induced by wood smoke exposure in mice. DESIGN A randomized, controlled study. SETTING A research laboratory. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN RESULTS Exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells to wood smoke extract sequentially activated NADPH oxidase and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level; activated AMP-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase (two mitogen-activated protein kinases), and nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (two transcription factors); and induced interleukin-8. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation with apocynin or siRNA targeting p47(phox ) (a subunit of NADPH oxidase) attenuated the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level, AMP-activated protein kinase activation, and interleukin-8 induction. Removal of intracellular reactive oxygen species by N-acetyl-cysteine reduced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase, and interleukin-8 induction. Prevention of AMP-activated protein kinase activation by Compound C or AMP-activated protein kinase siRNA lessened the activation of Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 and interleukin-8 induction. Inhibition of Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation by inhibitors reduced the activation of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 and interleukin-8 induction. Abrogation of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 activation by inhibitors attenuated the interleukin-8 induction. Additionally, acute exposure of mice to wood smoke promoted AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (an interleukin-8 homolog) in lung epithelial cells and lungs and lung inflammation, all of which were reduced by Compound C treatment. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-8 induction by wood smoke extract in lung epithelial cells is mediated by novel NADPH oxidase-dependent, reactive oxygen species-sensitive AMP-activated protein kinase signaling with Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase as the downstream kinases and nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 as the downstream transcription factors. This AMP-activated protein kinase signaling is likely important for inducing lung inflammation with toxic smoke exposure in mice.
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Cancio LC, Lundy JB, Sheridan RL. Evolving changes in the management of burns and environmental injuries. Surg Clin North Am 2012; 92:959-86, ix. [PMID: 22850157 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Burns and environmental injuries are common as primary or secondary problems in survivors of natural disasters, terrorist incidents, and combat operations. In recent years, intensive military medical experience has resulted in substantial progress in treatment of these important problems. This article reviews practical applications of this new knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo C Cancio
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6315, USA
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Danielsen PH, Loft S, Jacobsen NR, Jensen KA, Autrup H, Ravanat JL, Wallin H, Møller P. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage in rats after intratracheal instillation or oral exposure to ambient air and wood smoke particulate matter. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:574-85. [PMID: 20864625 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood combustion is a significant source of ambient particulate matter (PM) in many regions of the world. Exposure occurs through inhalation or ingestion after deposition of wood smoke particulate matter (WSPM) on crops and food. We investigated effects of ambient PM and WSPM by intragastric or intratracheal exposure in terms of oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and DNA repair after 24 h in liver and lung tissue of rats. Rats were exposed to WSPM from high or low oxygen combustion and ambient PM collected in areas with and without many operating wood stoves or carbon black (CB) at the dose of 0.64 mg/kg body weight. The levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine, and 1-N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (εdG) were significantly increased with 23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1-45%), 54% (95% CI:18-90%), and 73% (95% CI: 31-134%) in the liver of rats exposed orally to CB, respectively. Rats orally exposed to PM from the wood stove area and low oxygen combustion WSPM (LOWS) had 35% (95% CI: 0.1-71%) and 45% (95% CI: 10-82%) increased levels of εdG in the liver, respectively. No significant differences were observed for bulky DNA adducts. Increased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, heme oxygenase-1, and oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 was observed in the liver following intragastric exposure and in the lung following instillation in particular of LOWS. Exposure to LOWS also increased the proportion of neutrophils in BAL fluid. These results indicate that WSPM and CB exert the strongest effect in terms of oxidative stress-induced response, inflammation, and genotoxicity in the organ closest to the port of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Migliaccio CT, Mauderly JL. Biomass smoke exposures: toxicology and animal study design. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:104-7. [PMID: 20041808 DOI: 10.3109/08958370903008870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The International Biomass Smoke Health Effects (IBSHE) conference was convened in Missoula, MT, to define our current knowledge of smoke exposure and the potential health effects. In an effort to ascertain the relative health effects of an exposure to biomass smoke, numerous studies have utilized either animal or in vitro systems. A wide variety of systems that have been employed ranged from more mainstream animal models (i.e., rodents) and transformed cell lines to less common animal (piglets and dogs) and explant models. The Toxicology and Animal Study Design Workgroup at IBSHE was tasked with an analysis of the use of animal models in the assessment of the health effects of biomass smoke exposure. The present article contains a mini-review of models utilized historically, in addition to the adverse health effects assessed, and an overview of the discussion within the breakout session. The most common question that arose in discussions at the IBSHE conference was from local and federal health departments: What level of smoke is unhealthy? The present workgroup determined categories of exposure, common health concerns, and the availability of animal models to answer key health questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Migliaccio
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
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Møller P, Jacobsen NR, Folkmann JK, Danielsen PH, Mikkelsen L, Hemmingsen JG, Vesterdal LK, Forchhammer L, Wallin H, Loft S. Role of oxidative damage in toxicity of particulates. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1-46. [PMID: 19886744 DOI: 10.3109/10715760903300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulates are small particles of solid or liquid suspended in liquid or air. In vitro studies show that particles generate reactive oxygen species, deplete endogenous antioxidants, alter mitochondrial function and produce oxidative damage to lipids and DNA. Surface area, reactivity and chemical composition play important roles in the oxidative potential of particulates. Studies in animal models indicate that particles from combustion processes (generated by combustion of wood or diesel oil), silicate, titanium dioxide and nanoparticles (C60 fullerenes and carbon nanotubes) produce elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products and oxidatively damaged DNA. Biomonitoring studies in humans have shown associations between exposure to air pollution and wood smoke particulates and oxidative damage to DNA, deoxynucleotides and lipids measured in leukocytes, plasma, urine and/or exhaled breath. The results indicate that oxidative stress and elevated levels of oxidatively altered biomolecules are important intermediate endpoints that may be useful markers in hazard characterization of particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Belli S, Basaran O, Ozdemir BH, Türkoğlu S, Karabay G, Kut A, Karakayali H, Haberal M. Protective role of simvastatin on lung damage caused by burn and cotton smoke inhalation in rats. J Surg Res 2010; 167:e283-90. [PMID: 20452610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke inhalation injury is a major comorbid factor in patients with thermal injury and occurs in about 30% of patients with major burns. In addition, inhalation injury reportedly accounts for 20%-84% of the mortality in burned individuals and is associated with higher mortality rates for every age and burn size category. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin on lung damage with burn and cotton smoke inhalation. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: saline treated control group, via an orogastric route (group 1, n = 6), burn (30%) and cotton smoke inhalated group (group 2, n = 6), and simvastatin treated (25 mg/kg/d, via an orogastric route) burn (30%) and cotton smoke inhalated group (group 3, n = 6). Rats were sacrificed at 48 h of the treatments and the trachea and lungs were removed completely. Tissue samples were taken for histopathologic, immunohistopathologic, and biochemical analyses. Univariate analysis of variance coupled with Duncan's post-hoc test was performed for statistical evaluation. RESULTS Lung parenchymal and tracheoepithelial damage was confirmed in group 2 by histopathologic examination. Lung malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), while glutathione (GSH) concentration did not alter in group 2 compared with group 1. Also, immunopathologic data revealed that epithelial iNOS level was elevated, while no modulation was detected in the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Simvastatin administration resulted in decreasing the lung parenchymal and tracheoepithelial damage. Tissue MDA levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas GSH concentrations were elevated in group 3 compared with group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.001). Simvastatin treatment caused a decrease in epithelial iNOS levels, while MPO levels were not modulated. In addition, simvastatin significantly reduced pulmonary apoptosis in lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results have indicated that simvastatin administration seems to play beneficial role in lung injury of rats promoted by combined burn and smoke inhalation. Thus, simvastatin may represent a potential approach to prevent smoke inhalation-associated lung dysfunction. However, the significant decrease in basal oxidant production may cause impairment in cellular signalling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Belli
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey.
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19
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Ramos A, Laguna I, de Lucía MLM, Martín-Palomino P, Regodón S, Míguez MP. Evolution of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers during an open-field vaccination procedure in sheep: effect of melatonin. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 133:16-24. [PMID: 19631992 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been shown to exert immunomodularory properties with broad application in veterinary medicine. In previous work we have described that subcutaneous coadministration of melatonin to seeps vaccinated against two stumps of A1 and C strains of Dichelobacter nodosus enhanced both the antibody titer and serum IgG levels to A1 and C strains of D. nodosus compared to vaccinated animals not treated with melatonin. Following a similar protocol here we have investigated the effect of a higher dose of melatonin (36mg/animal) in the improvement of the immune response and in the possible oxidative/nitrosative stress produced during the immunization protocol. Our results show that footrot vaccine application induced nitrosative but not oxidative stress at 42 days post-vaccination, which was neutralized by melatonin administration. On the other hand, melatonin improved the immune response with respect to our previous data increasing the time of permanence of antibodies in serum, opening new perspectives for melatonin as prophylactic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Ramos
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
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20
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Injac R, Radic N, Govedarica B, Perse M, Cerar A, Djordjevic A, Strukelj B. Acute doxorubicin pulmotoxicity in rats with malignant neoplasm is effectively treated with fullerenol C60(OH)24 through inhibition of oxidative stress. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:335-42. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Wood smoke extract promotes both apoptosis and proliferation in rat alveolar epithelial type II cells: The role of oxidative stress and heme oxygenase-1*. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2597-606. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318184979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Yang YL, Tang GJ, Wu YL, Yien HW, Lee TS, Kou YR. Exacerbation of wood smoke-induced acute lung injury by mechanical ventilation using moderately high tidal volume in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2007; 160:99-108. [PMID: 17964866 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of mechanical ventilation with a moderately high tidal volume (VT) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by wood smoke inhalation in anesthetized mice. Animals received challenges of air, 30 breaths of smoke (30SM) or 60 breaths of smoke (60SM) and were then ventilated with a VT of 10 ml/kg (10VT) or 16 ml/kg (16VT). After 4-h mechanical ventilation, the bronchoalveolar-capillary permeability, pulmonary infiltration of inflammatory cells, total lung injury score and pulmonary expressions of interleukin-1beta and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 mRNA and proteins in the 30SM+16VT and 60SM+16VT groups were greater than those in the 30SM+10VT and 60SM+10VT groups, respectively. Additionally, the wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissues and lung epithelial cell apoptosis in the 60SM+16VT group were greater than those in the 60SM+10VT group. These differences between the 16VT and 10VT groups were not seen in animals with air challenge. Thus, mechanical ventilation with a moderately high VT in mice exacerbates ALI induced by wood smoke inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lan Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cancio LC, Batchinsky AI, Dubick MA, Park MS, Black IH, Gómez R, Faulkner JA, Pfannenstiel TJ, Wolf SE. Inhalation injury: Pathophysiology and clinical care. Burns 2007; 33:681-92. [PMID: 17532146 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo C Cancio
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6315, USA.
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Kanishtha T, Banerjee R, Venkataraman C. Effect of particle emissions from biofuel combustion on surface activity of model and therapeutic pulmonary surfactants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 22:325-333. [PMID: 21783727 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects of particle emissions from biofuel combustion in household cooking devices, commonly used in rural India, on surface activity of model lung surfactants using Langmuir monolayers. The effect of wood and dried particles from combustion of cowdung on the surface activity of model lung surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), DPPC:PG (phosphatidyl glycerol) 7:3 and the therapeutic surfactant, Exosurf, were evaluated. Dried particles from combustion of cowdung in 50wt.% mixture with DPPC elevated the γ(min) to 15.08±1.28mN/m and 50wt.% particles from combustion of wood increased minimum surface tension γ(min) to 13.46±1.70mN/m from a zero value for DPPC alone. A graded response of inhibitory potential for all three surfactants with increasing doses was found for each type of particles. An increase in the minimum surface tension achieved by surfactants in the presence of biofuel particles implies surfactant dysfunction, a greater tendency of alveolar collapse in vivo on exposure to biofuel emissions and can lead to respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kanishtha
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology at Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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25
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Seagrave J, McDonald JD, Bedrick E, Edgerton ES, Gigliotti AP, Jansen JJ, Ke L, Naeher LP, Seilkop SK, Zheng M, Mauderly JL. Lung toxicity of ambient particulate matter from southeastern U.S. sites with different contributing sources: relationships between composition and effects. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:1387-93. [PMID: 16966093 PMCID: PMC1570075 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution and, more specifically, particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse health effects. However, the specific PM characteristics responsible for biological effects have not been defined. OBJECTIVES In this project we examined the composition, sources, and relative toxicity of samples of PM with aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 microm (PM2.5) collected from sites within the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) air monitoring network during two seasons. These sites represent four areas with differing sources of PM2.5, including local urban versus regional sources, urban areas with different contributions of transportation and industrial sources, and a site influenced by Gulf of Mexico weather patterns. METHODS We collected samples from each site during the winter and summer of 2004 for toxicity testing and for chemical analysis and chemical mass balance-based source apportionment. We also collected PM2.5 downwind of a series of prescribed forest burns. We assessed the toxicity of the samples by instillation into rat lungs and assessed general toxicity, acute cytotoxicity, and inflammation. Statistical dose-response modeling techniques were used to rank the relative toxicity and compare the seasonal differences at each site. Projection-to-latent-surfaces (PLS) techniques examined the relationships among sources, chemical composition, and toxicologic end points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Urban sites with high contributions from vehicles and industry were most toxic.
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Riedel T, Fraser JF, Dunster K, Fitzgibbon J, Schibler A. Effect of smoke inhalation on viscoelastic properties and ventilation distribution in sheep. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:763-70. [PMID: 16627672 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01635.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoke inhalation injuries are the leading cause of mortality from burn injury. Airway obstruction due to mucus plugging and bronchoconstriction can cause severe ventilation inhomogeneity and worsen hypoxia. Studies describing changes of viscoelastic characteristics of the lung after smoke inhalation are missing. We present results of a new smoke inhalation device in sheep and describe pathophysiological changes after smoke exposure. Fifteen female Merino ewes were anesthetized and intubated. Baseline data using electrical impedance tomography and multiple-breath inert-gas washout were obtained by measuring ventilation distribution, functional residual capacity, lung clearance index, dynamic compliance, and stress index. Ten sheep were exposed to standardized cotton smoke insufflations and five sheep to sham smoke insufflations. Measured carboxyhemoglobin before inhalation was 3.87 +/- 0.28% and 5 min after smoke was 61.5 +/- 2.1%, range 50-69.4% (P < 0.001). Two hours after smoke functional residual capacity decreased from 1,773 +/- 226 to 1,006 +/- 129 ml and lung clearance index increased from 10.4 +/- 0.4 to 14.2 +/- 0.9. Dynamic compliance decreased from 56.6 +/- 5.5 to 32.8 +/- 3.2 ml/cmH(2)O. Stress index increased from 0.994 +/- 0.009 to 1.081 +/- 0.011 (P < 0.01) (all means +/- SE, P < 0.05). Electrical impedance tomography showed a shift of ventilation from the dependent to the independent lung after smoke exposure. No significant change was seen in the sham group. Smoke inhalation caused immediate onset in pulmonary dysfunction and significant ventilation inhomogeneity. The smoke inhalation device as presented may be useful for interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Riedel
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital, West Mead, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Ruan T, Lin YS, Lin KS, Kou YR. Mediator mechanisms involved in TRPV1 and P2X receptor-mediated, ROS-evoked bradypneic reflex in anesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:644-54. [PMID: 16627682 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of H2O2 is known to evoke bradypnea followed by tachypnea, which are reflexes resulting from stimulation by reactive oxygen species of vagal lung capsaicin-sensitive and myelinated afferents, respectively. This study investigated the pharmacological receptors and chemical mediators involved in triggering these responses. The ventilatory responses to 0.2% aerosolized H2O2 were studied before and after various pharmacological pretreatments in anesthetized rats. The initial bradypneic response was reduced by a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor antagonist [capsazepine; change (Delta) = -53%] or a P2X purinoceptor antagonist [iso-pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',5'-disulphonate (PPADS); Delta = -47%] and was further reduced by capsazepine and iso-PPADS in combination (Delta = -78%). The initial bradypneic response was reduced by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin; Delta = -48%), ATP scavengers (apyrase and adenosine deaminase in combination; Delta = -50%), or capsazepine and indomethacin in combination (Delta = -47%), was further reduced by iso-PPADS and indomethacin in combination (Delta = -75%) or capsazepine and ATP scavengers in combination (Delta = -83%), but was not affected by a lipoxygenase inhibitor (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) or by any of the various vehicles. No pretreatment influenced delayed tachypnea. We concluded that 1) the initial bradypneic response to H2O2 results from activation of both TRPV1 and P2X receptors, possibly located at terminals of vagal lung capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers; 2) the functioning of the TRPV1 and P2X receptors in triggering the initial bradypnea is, in part, mediated through the actions of cyclooxygenase metabolites and ATP, respectively; and 3) these mechanisms do not contribute to the H2O2-evoked delayed tachypnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Univ., Shih-Pai, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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28
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Huang PS, Tang GJ, Chen CH, Kou YR. Whole-body moderate hypothermia confers protection from wood smoke-induced acute lung injury in rats: The therapeutic window*. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1160-7. [PMID: 16484924 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000207342.50559.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toxic smoke inhalation causes acute lung injury. We studied the efficacy and therapeutic window of whole-body hypothermia in rats with wood smoke-induced acute lung injury. DESIGN Randomized, controlled study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats (n = 100) were used. INTERVENTIONS Air or wood smoke (30 breaths) was delivered into the lung using a respirator. Immediately after challenge, the rat's colonic temperature was kept a) 37 degrees C (normothermia, NT) for 1 (NT-1-Air and NT-1-Smoke), 2.5 (NT-2.5-Air and NT-2.5-Smoke), or 5 hrs (NT-5-Air and NT-5-Smoke) in six groups; b) 30 degrees C (hypothermia, HT) for 2.5 (HT-2.5-Smoke) or 5 hrs (HT-5-Air and HT-5-Smoke) in three groups; c) 30 degrees C for the first 2.5 hrs followed by 37 degrees C for another 2.5 hrs (HT-NT-5-Smoke) in one group; or d) 37 degrees C for the first 2.5 hrs followed by 30 degrees C for another 2.5 hrs (NT-HT-5-Smoke) in on group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Various acute lung injury indexes were assessed at 1, 2.5, or 5 hrs after challenge. In the air group, whole-body hypothermia did not affect the level of lung lipid peroxidation and the amount of proteins, total and differential cell counts, and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In the smoke groups, these acute lung injury indexes were increased showing that NT-5-Smoke > NT-2.5-Smoke > NT-1-Smoke. Whole-body hypothermia prevented increases in these acute lung injury indexes in the HT-2.5-Smoke and HT-5-Smoke groups. The efficacy of whole-body hypothermia in the HT-NT-5-Smoke group was superior to that in the NT-HT-5-Smoke group and similar to that in the HT-5-Smoke group. Whole-body hypothermia also alleviated smoke-induced poor gas exchange, pulmonary edema, and pathohistologic injurious signs. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body hypothermia confers protection from wood smoke-induced acute lung injury in rats by suppressing oxidant bronchoalveolar damage and pulmonary inflammation. Early and short-period (2 hrs) application of whole-body hypothermia provides favorable therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shiun Huang
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Ochs-Balcom HM, Grant BJB, Muti P, Sempos CT, Freudenheim JL, Browne RW, Trevisan M, Iacoviello L, Cassano PA, Schünemann HJ. Oxidative stress and pulmonary function in the general population. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:1137-45. [PMID: 16269582 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown increased oxidative stress in patients with chronic airflow limitation; however, the population-based evidence for the association of oxidative stress with pulmonary function is limited. The authors analyzed the association of plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)-equivalent antioxidant capacity with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity using data collected from 1996 to 2000 in a general population sample from western New York State (n = 2,346). After adjustment for covariates including smoking status, lifetime pack-years of smoking, education, weight, and eosinophils, multivariate analysis showed an inverse association of TBARS with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity as the percentage of the predicted value (FEV1% and FVC%, respectively), positive associations of glutathione peroxidase with FEV1% and FVC%, and an inverse association of glutathione with FEV1% in men (p < 0.05). The associations of TBARS and glutathione peroxidase with FVC% in men remained statistically significant after adjustment for serum carotenoid levels. There were no statistically significant associations of oxidative stress with pulmonary function in women. These results suggest that oxidative stress may be associated with airflow limitation in men, and that gender differences may exist in the relation of oxidative stress to pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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30
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Liu PL, Chen YL, Chen YH, Lin SJ, Kou YR. Wood smoke extract induces oxidative stress-mediated caspase-independent apoptosis in human lung endothelial cells: role of AIF and EndoG. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 289:L739-49. [PMID: 15964899 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00099.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a link between toxic smoke and oxidant lung vascular injury has been indicated, the cellular mechanisms of smoke-induced injury to lung endothelial cells are unknown. We investigated oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by wood smoke extract (SE) in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and delineated their relationship. We found that SE increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), depleted intracellular glutathione, and upregulated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1 (2 antioxidant enzymes), but it failed to alter the expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, SE promoted apoptosis as indicated by the external exposure of membrane phosphatidylserine, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in the level of Bax (a proapoptotic protein), and enhanced DNA fragmentation. This apoptosis was associated with mitochondrial-to-nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) (2 apoptogenic proteins) but was independent of caspase cascade activation. Whereas N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant) effectively reversed the SE-induced increase in ROS and depletion of glutathione, it also suppressed SE-induced nuclear translocation of either AIF or EndoG and prevented the enhanced DNA fragmentation that would have resulted from this. We conclude that 1) although SE upregulates Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1, it nevertheless increases intracellular oxidative stress in HPAECs, and 2) SE promotes oxidative stress-mediated caspase-independent HPAEC apoptosis that involves mitochondrial-to-nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG. Thus modulations of the expression of antioxidant enzymes and the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway are possible target choices for potential therapeutic regimes to treat smoke-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Len Liu
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Univ., Shih-Pai, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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