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Hoeffner C, Worek F, Amend N. Effects of organophosphates on precision-cut kidney slices. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38745427 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2356184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) poisoning, both accidental and with suicidal intent, is a global medical challenge. While the primary toxicity of these pesticides is based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), case reports describe patients developing OP-mediated renal insufficiency. We set out to investigate possible pathomechanisms utilizing rat precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS). Depending on the method of investigation, PCKS were observed for a maximum of 10 days. PCKS exposed to OP compounds (malaoxon, malathion, paraoxon, parathion) showed a dose-dependent loss of viability and a reduction of total protein content over the course of 10 days. A concentration of 500 µM OP showed the most differences between OP compounds. After two days of incubation parathion showed a significantly lower level of viability than malathion. The respective effects of paraoxon and malaoxon were not significantly different from the control. However, effects of OP were only observed in concentrations exceeding those that were needed to achieve significant AChE inhibition in rat kidney tissue. In addition, we observed histological changes, without inducing LDH leakage. Overall, results suggest that OP exert effects in kidney tissue, that exceed those expected from the sole inhibition of AChE and vary between compounds. Without signs of necrosis, findings call for studies that address other possible pathomechanisms, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress or activation of apoptosis to further understand the nephrotoxicity of OP compounds. Monitoring oxon concentration over time, we demonstrated reduced enzyme-inhibiting properties in the presence of PCKS, suggesting interactions between OP compound and kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoeffner
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - F Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - N Amend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Shams E, Abdollahi V, Harfsheno M, Ghasemian SO. Protective effect of selenium and vitamin C on the fertility of male rats given penconazole. JBRA Assist Reprod 2024; 28:27-32. [PMID: 37962947 PMCID: PMC10936918 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Penconazole is used in agriculture and human and veterinary medicine applications. It has been included in the acute toxicity hazard category by the WHO. This study examines the protective effect of selenium and vitamin C on the fertility of male rats given penconazole. METHODS Nine groups of rats were given penconazole at concentrations of 50 and 75 mg/ml and selenium and vitamin C at concentrations of 0.5 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. Serum levels of LH and FSH were measured with ELISA kits; β-actin, GPX4, AQP7, PRM2, and BAX gene expression was evaluated with real-time PCR performed on the left testis of each rat. RESULTS LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were lower in the groups given penconazole (50 and 75 mg/kg). Histopathology showed that the groups given penconazole had the lowest number of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes; these numbers were greater in the groups receiving penconazole together with selenium or vitamin C; and the highest counts were observed in separate groups given Se and vitamin C. GPX4, AQP7, PRM2 and BAX gene expression in the groups receiving penconazole was different from controls and was modulated by treatment with selenium or vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that antioxidant compounds have a strengthening effect on the reproductive system and can mitigate the destructive effects of chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Shams
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhgan Harfsheno
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran
University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Binmahfouz LS, Hassanein EH, Bagher AM, Hareeri RH, Alamri ZZ, Algandaby MM, Abdel-Daim MM, Abdel-Naim AB. Berberine alleviates chlorpyrifos-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25233. [PMID: 38327393 PMCID: PMC10847644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPS), an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes with hazardous health effects. Berberine (BBR) is a traditional Chinese medicine and a phytochemical with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The present study evaluated the effects of BBR against kidney damage induced by CPS and the underlying mechanisms. An initial study indicated that BBR 50 mg/kg was optimal under our experimental conditions. Then, 24 rats (6/group) were randomized into: control, BBR (50 mg/kg/day), CPS (10 mg/kg/day), and CPS + BBR. BBR was administration 1 h prior to CPS. Each treatment was delivered daily for a period of 28 consecutive days using a gastric gavage tube. Compared to CPS-alone treated rats, BBR effectively improved renal function by preventing the rise in serum urea, creatinine, and uric levels. The reno-protective effects of BBR were confirmed through a histological examination of kidney tissues. BBR restored oxidant-antioxidant balance in renal tissues mediated by Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis modulation. In addition, BBR decreased nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. This was paralleled with the potent down-regulation of NF-κB. Furthermore, BBR exhibited anti-apoptotic activities supported by the upregulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that BBR attenuates CPS-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by restoring oxidant-antioxidant balance and inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis in renal tissue. This is mediated, at least partly, by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenah S. Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amina M. Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H. Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaenah Z. Alamri
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mardi M. Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Nejati R, Nematollahi A, Doraghi HK, Sayadi M, Alipanah H. Probiotic bacteria alleviate chlorpyrifos-induced rat testicular and renal toxicity: A possible mechanism based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:743-756. [PMID: 37732939 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has caused many potential toxicities in nontarget organisms. Fewer studies have been conducted on the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in mitigating tissue damage induced by CPF in vivo. Therefore, we investigated CPF renal and testicular toxicity and the alleviating effect of probiotic lactobacilli, based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, on induced toxicity in an animal model. Biochemical assays showed that CPF induced oxidative stress along with a change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in a tissue-dependent manner. After treatment with CPF, testicular and renal levels of TNF-α were significantly reduced and enhanced, respectively, compared to the control group. The probiotic treatment restored renal and testicular TNF-α levels and modulated and blocked the increasing effect of CPF on renal IL-1β levels. Testicular IL-1β levels in the probiotic-treated and CPF groups demonstrated similar values. Exposure to CPF significantly induced renal histopathological damage that, of course, was completely inhibited by treatment with Lactobacillus casei and the LAB mixture. In summary, CPF showed significant toxicological effects on oxidative stress and the inflammation rate in CPF-exposed rats. Therefore, supplementation with probiotic bacteria may alleviate CPF renal toxicity and mitigate its oxidative stress and inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Nejati
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amene Nematollahi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Mehran Sayadi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hiva Alipanah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Ramya Ranjan Nayak SP, Boopathi S, Haridevamuthu B, Arockiaraj J. Toxic ties: Unraveling the complex relationship between endocrine disrupting chemicals and chronic kidney disease. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122686. [PMID: 37802289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is inherently linked to several metabolic diseases and high mortality. The kidney is more susceptible to environmental pollutants compared to other organs as it is involved in concentrating and filtering most of these toxins. Few epidemiological studies revealed the intrinsic relationship between exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and CKD development. Though EDCs have the potential to cause severe pathologies, the specific molecular mechanisms by which they accelerate the progression of CKD remain elusive. In particular, our understanding of how pollutants affect the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through the gut-kidney axis is currently limited. EDCs modulate the composition and function of the gut microbial community and favor the colonization of harmful gut pathogens. This alteration leads to an overproduction of uremic toxin and membrane vesicles. These vesicles carry several inflammatory molecules that exacerbate inflammation and renal tissue damage and aggravate the progression of CKD. Several experimental studies have revealed potential pathways by which uremic toxin further aggravates CKD. These include the induction of membrane vesicle production in host cells, which can trigger inflammatory pathways and insulin resistance. Reciprocally, CKD can also modulate gut bacterial composition that might further aggravate CKD condition. Thus, EDCs pose a significant threat to kidney health and the global CKD burden. Understanding this complicated issue necessitates multidisciplinary initiatives such as strict environmental controls, public awareness, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ramya Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seenivasan Boopathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li H, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Yang H, Li J. The directed acyclic graph helped identify confounders in the association between coronary heart disease and pesticide exposure among greenhouse vegetable farmers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35073. [PMID: 37746981 PMCID: PMC10519556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal pathways associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and pesticide exposure using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) analysis and to investigate the potential benefits of DAG by comparing it with logistic regression. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1368 participants from April 2015 to May 2017. Trained research investigators interviewed farmers using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression and DAG models were used to identify the associations between CHD and chronic pesticide exposure. A total of 150 (11.0%) of the 1368 participants are characterized as having CHD. High pesticide exposure (odds ratio = 2.852, 95% confidence intervals: 1.951-4.171) is associated with CHD when compare with low pesticide exposure by both DAG and logistic analyses. After adjusting for the additional potential influence of factors identified by the DAG analysis, there is no significant association, such as the results in logistic regression: ethnicity, education level, settlement time, and mixed pesticide status. Specifically, age, meal frequency, and consumption of fresh fruit, according to the DAG analysis, are independent factors for CHD. High pesticide exposure is a risk factor for CHD as indicated by both DAG and logistic regression analyses. DAG can be a preferable improvement over traditional regression methods to identify sources of bias and causal inference in observational studies, especially for complex research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Ryabova YV, Minigalieva IA, Sutunkova MP, Klinova SV, Tsaplina AK, Valamina IE, Petrunina EM, Tsatsakis AM, Mamoulakis C, Stylianou K, Kuzmin SV, Privalova LI, Katsnelson BA. Toxic Kidney Damage in Rats Following Subchronic Intraperitoneal Exposure to Element Oxide Nanoparticles. TOXICS 2023; 11:791. [PMID: 37755801 PMCID: PMC10537166 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases of the urogenital tract, such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer, reproductive disorders, and nephropathies, can develop under the effects of chemical hazards in the working environment. In this respect, nanosized particles generated as by-products in many industrial processes seem to be particularly dangerous to organs such as the testes and the kidneys. Nephrotoxicity of element oxide particles has been studied in animal experiments with repeated intraperitoneal injections of Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, PbO, CdO, CuO, and SeO nanoparticles (NPs) in total doses ranging from 4.5 to 45 mg/kg body weight of rats. NPs were synthesized by laser ablation. After cessation of exposure, we measured kidney weight and analyzed selected biochemical parameters in blood and urine, characterizing the state of the excretory system. We also examined histological sections of kidneys and estimated proportions of different cells in imprint smears of this organ. All element oxide NPs under investigation demonstrated a nephrotoxic effect following subchronic exposure. Following the exposure to SeO and SiO2 NPs, we observed a decrease in serum creatinine and urea, respectively. Exposure to Al2O3 NPs caused an increase in urinary creatinine and urea, while changes in total protein were controversial, as it increased under the effect of Al2O3 NPs and was reduced after exposure to CuO NPs. Histomorphological changes in kidneys are associated with desquamation of the epithelium (following the exposure to all NPs except those of Al2O3 and SiO2) and loss of the brush border (following the exposure to all NPs, except those of Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2). The cytomorphological evaluation showed greater destruction of proximal sections of renal tubules. Compared to the controls, we observed statistically significant alterations in 42.1% (8 of 19) of parameters following the exposure to PbO, CuO, and SeO NPs in 21.1% (4 of 19)-following that, to CdO and Al2O3 NPs-and in 15.8% (3 of 19) and 10.5% (2 of 19) of indicators, following the exposure to TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. Histomorphological changes in kidneys are associated with desquamation of epithelium and loss of the brush border. The cytomorphological evaluation showed greater destruction of proximal sections of renal tubules. The severity of cyto- and histological structural changes in kidneys depends on the chemical nature of NPs. These alterations are not always consistent with biochemical ones, thus impeding early clinical diagnosis of renal damage. Unambiguous ranking of the NPs examined by the degree of their nephrotoxicity is difficult. Additional studies are necessary to establish key indicators of the nephrotoxic effect, which can facilitate early diagnosis of occupational and nonoccupational nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V. Ryabova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ilzira A. Minigalieva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina P. Sutunkova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Klinova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra K. Tsaplina
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irene E. Valamina
- Department of Pathology, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Petrunina
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kostas Stylianou
- Department of Nephrology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sergey V. Kuzmin
- Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science “F.F. Erisman Scientific Centre of Hygiene” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 141014 Mytishchi, Russia
| | - Larisa I. Privalova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Boris A. Katsnelson
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Renoprotective Effect of Taxifolin in Paracetamol-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Emerging Evidence from an Animal Model. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030876. [PMID: 36769524 PMCID: PMC9917797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxifolin (TXF) is a flavonoid found abundantly in citrus/onion. Encouraging results on its renoprotective effect have been reported in a limited number of drug-induced nephrotoxicity animal models. The present study aimed to evaluate for the first time the potential renoprotective effects of TXF in a paracetamol (PAR)-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. METHODS Rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 6 animals per group). Group 1 (PAR group, PARG) received PAR diluted in normal saline by gavage (1000 mg/kg). Group 2 (TXF group, TXFG) received TXF diluted in normal saline by gavage (50 mg/kg) one hour after PAR administration. Group 3 (control group, CG) received normal saline. Twenty-four hours after PAR administration, all animals were sacrificed using high-dose anesthesia. Blood samples were collected and kidneys were removed. RESULTS The serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels and serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the PARG. The serum glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione levels were significantly higher in the TXFG. At the same time, the kidneys of the PARG animals demonstrated tubular epithelium swelling, distension and severe vacuolar degeneration. The kidneys of the TXFG animals showed mildly dilated/congested blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS The TXF renoprotective effects are promising in preventing PAR-induced nephrotoxicity, mainly through antioxidant activity, and warrant further testing in future studies.
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Garefalaki V, Manco G, Porzio E. Use of biosensors for rapid and sensitive detection of pesticides in food samples for food safety chemical risk assessment. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200922. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Design of zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots based nanostructures for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in food and water: A review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Organophosphate Nephrotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168855. [PMID: 36012118 PMCID: PMC9407954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are toxic chemicals produced by an esterification process and some other routes. They are the main components of herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides and are also widely used in the production of plastics and solvents. Acute or chronic exposure to OPs can manifest in various levels of toxicity to humans, animals, plants, and insects. OPs containing insecticides were widely used in many countries during the 20th century, and some of them continue to be used today. In particular, 36 OPs have been registered in the USA, and all of them have the potential to cause acute and sub-acute toxicity. Renal damage and impairment of kidney function after exposure to OPs, accompanied by the development of clinical manifestations of poisoning back in the early 1990s of the last century, was considered a rare manifestation of their toxicity. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, nephrotoxicity of OPs as a manifestation of delayed toxicity is the subject of greater attention of researchers. In this article, we present a modern view on the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms of acute nephrotoxicity of organophosphate compounds.
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A case report of acute kidney injury following organophosphate methidathion poisoning. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Al-Asmari KM, Altayb HN, Al-Attar AM, Qahl SH, Al-Thobaiti SA, Abu Zeid IM. Arabica coffee and olive oils mitigate malathion-induced nephrotoxicity in rat: In silico, immunohistochemical and biochemical evaluation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103307. [PMID: 35602869 PMCID: PMC9120970 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Barkae TH, Zeid AM, Xu G. Highly Sensitive Detection of the Insecticide Azamethiphos by Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2519. [PMID: 35408132 PMCID: PMC9002990 DOI: 10.3390/s22072519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Azamethiphos (AZA) is an insecticide and neurotoxic agent that causes the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE is a vital enzyme for neurotransmission because it metabolizes acetylcholine neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft and terminates synaptic transmission. It is worth mentioning that organophosphates and carbamates inhibit AChE. These AChE inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme and inactivate it, leading to paralysis and death. Herein, for the first time, we develop a sensitive, low-cost, and rapid electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) system for the detection of AZA. The designed ECL sensor was applied for the highly sensitive detection of AZA with a wide dynamic range (from 0.1 μM to 1000 μM) and low detection limit of 0.07 μM (S/N = 3). The practical utility of the sensor demonstrates high recoveries (96-102%) in real samples of lake water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hailemariam Barkae
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; (T.H.B.); (A.M.Z.)
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural & Computational Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite P.O. Box 07, Ethiopia
| | - Abdallah M. Zeid
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; (T.H.B.); (A.M.Z.)
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; (T.H.B.); (A.M.Z.)
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Dowling SN, Skaggs CL, Owings CG, Moctar K, Picard CJ, Manicke NE. Insects as Chemical Sensors: Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants and Hydrolysis Products in the Blow Fly Using LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3535-3543. [PMID: 35188758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, blow flies were investigated as environmental chemical sample collectors following a chemical warfare attack (CWA). Blow flies sample the environment as they search for water and food sources and can be trapped from kilometers away using baited traps. Three species of blow flies were exposed to CWA simulants to determine the persistence and detectability of these compounds under varying environmental conditions. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect CWA simulants and hydrolysis products from fly guts. Flies were exposed to the CWA simulants dimethyl methylphosphonate and diethyl phosphoramidate as well as the pesticide dichlorvos, followed by treatment-dependent temperature and humidity conditions. Flies were sacrificed at intervals within a 14 day postexposure period. Fly guts were extracted and analyzed with the LC-MS/MS method. The amount of CWA simulant in fly guts decreased with time following exposure but were detectable 14 days following exposure, giving a long window of detectability. In addition to the analysis of CWA simulants, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, the hydrolysis product of sarin, was also detected in blow flies 14 days post exposure. This work demonstrates the potential to obtain valuable samples from remote or access-restricted areas without risking lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Dowling
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Christine L Skaggs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Charity G Owings
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Khadija Moctar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Christine J Picard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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16
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Sobolev VE, Sokolova MO, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Nephrotoxic Effects of Paraoxon in Three Rat Models of Acute Intoxication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13625. [PMID: 34948422 PMCID: PMC8709234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The delayed effects of acute intoxication by organophosphates (OPs) are poorly understood, and the various experimental animal models often do not take into account species characteristics. The principal biochemical feature of rodents is the presence of carboxylesterase in blood plasma, which is a target for OPs and can greatly distort their specific effects. The present study was designed to investigate the nephrotoxic effects of paraoxon (O,O-diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate, POX) using three models of acute poisoning in outbred Wistar rats. In the first model (M1, POX2x group), POX was administered twice at doses 110 µg/kg and 130 µg/kg subcutaneously, with an interval of 1 h. In the second model (M2, CBPOX group), 1 h prior to POX poisoning at a dose of 130 µg/kg subcutaneously, carboxylesterase activity was pre-inhibited by administration of specific inhibitor cresylbenzodioxaphosphorin oxide (CBDP, 3.3 mg/kg intraperitoneally). In the third model (M3), POX was administered subcutaneously just once at doses of LD16 (241 µg/kg), LD50 (250 µg/kg), and LD84 (259 µg/kg). Animal observation and sampling were performed 1, 3, and 7 days after the exposure. Endogenous creatinine clearance (ECC) decreased in 24 h in the POX2x group (p = 0.011). Glucosuria was observed in rats 24 h after exposure to POX in both M1 and M2 models. After 3 days, an increase in urinary excretion of chondroitin sulfate (CS, p = 0.024) and calbindin (p = 0.006) was observed in rats of the CBPOX group. Morphometric analysis revealed a number of differences most significant for rats in the CBPOX group. Furthermore, there was an increase in the area of the renal corpuscles (p = 0.0006), an increase in the diameter of the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT, p = 0.0006), and narrowing of the diameter of the distal tubules (p = 0.001). After 7 days, the diameter of the PCT lumen was still increased in the nephrons of the CBPOX group (p = 0.0009). In the M3 model, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the kidneys were revealed after the exposure to POX at doses of LD50 and LD84. Over a period from 24 h to 3 days, a significant (p = 0.018) expansion of Bowman's capsule was observed in the kidneys of rats of both the LD50 and LD84 groups. In the epithelium of the proximal tubules, stretching of the basal labyrinth, pycnotic nuclei, and desquamation of microvilli on the apical surface were revealed. In the epithelium of the distal tubules, partial swelling and destruction of mitochondria and pycnotic nuclei was observed, and nuclei were displaced towards the apical surface of cells. After 7 days of the exposure to POX, an increase in the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was observed in the LD50 and LD84 groups (p = 0.019 and 0.026, respectively). Moreover, signs of damage to tubular epithelial cells persisted with blockage of the tubule lumen by cellular detritus and local destruction of the surface of apical cells. Comparison of results from the three models demonstrates that the nephrotoxic effects of POX, evaluated at 1 and 3 days, appear regardless of prior inhibition of carboxylesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav E. Sobolev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.E.S.); (M.O.S.)
| | - Margarita O. Sokolova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.E.S.); (M.O.S.)
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.E.S.); (M.O.S.)
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17
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Cobilinschi C, Ţincu RC, Cobilinschi CO, Neagu TP, Becheanu G, Sinescu RD, Checheriţă IA, Grinţescu IM, Lascăr I. Histopathological features of low-dose organophosphate exposure. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:423-432. [PMID: 33544793 PMCID: PMC7864311 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) use remains largely available worldwide despite more strict regulatory measures, in agriculture, parks or households, leading to a daily low-dose exposure. The systemic dysfunction appears partly due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, exhibiting a primary toxic effect on the endocrine system but also on the liver and kidneys, which are responsible for products metabolization and elimination. Prolonged OP exposure can be responsible for histopathological (HP) changes that can either evolve or worsen pre-existing conditions. We conducted an experimental study including six male Wistar rats divided into two groups (four rats in the study group and two in the control group). The subjects in the first group were administered 100 mg/kg Chlorpyrifos half median lethal dose (LD50) at baseline and at 48 hours, under general anesthesia. Organ harvesting was achieved after one week. HP modifications were discovered in all kidney samples, with dystrophic changes and vacuolization of mesangial cells, dilation of renal tubules and epithelial atrophy. Congestion of vascular structures also occurred. The liver samples showed severe alteration in both vessels and hepatocytes. Adrenal gland impairment was confirmed through an increase in vacuole number in all areas, while a decrease in colloid content was noted in the thyroid gland simultaneously with a modified foamy aspect. This study is the first to certify the extent of organ injury induced by OP exposure, describing both glomerular and tubular involvement in the kidneys, liver necrosis and endocrine disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cobilinschi
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, Romania; ; Clinical Department No. 3, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
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18
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Tsatsakis A, Tyshko NV, Goumenou M, Shestakova SI, Sadykova EO, Zhminchenko VM, Zlatian O, Calina D, Pashorina VA, Nikitin NS, Trebukh MD, Loginova MS, Trushina EN, Mustafina OK, Avrenyeva LI, Guseva GV, Trusov NV, Kravchenko LV, Hernández AF, Docea AO. Detrimental effects of 6 months exposure to very low doses of a mixture of six pesticides associated with chronic vitamin deficiency on rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112188. [PMID: 33836210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term low-dose effects of exposure to a mixture of 6 pesticide active substances (diquat, imazamox, imazethapyr, tepraloxydin, bentazone, acifluorfen) and to elucidate if chronic vitamin deficiency can influence their toxicity. Two hundred Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: a vitamin-sufficiency control group, a vitamin-deficiency control group, a vitamin sufficiency test group and a vitamin-deficiency test group. The test groups were treated with the aforementioned pesticides at doses 100 times lower than the corresponding NOAEL. After 6 months, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and a complete evaluation of blood and urine biochemistry, biomarkers of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification enzymes and lysosomal enzymes and organ histopathology was performed. The pesticides mixture and vitamin deficiency determined an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and urinary calcium levels, abnormal serum lipid profile, and a decrease of total blood proteins levels, red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin. The combination of the two stressors up-regulated CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1 and GST levels. This study provides a new proof for the need to move forward from single chemical testing to a more complex approach to account for the multitude of stressors that can challenge the setting of real safety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Nadezhda V Tyshko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; General Chemical State Laboratory of Greek Republic, 71202, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Svetlana I Shestakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - El'vira O Sadykova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin M Zhminchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Valentina A Pashorina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolaj S Nikitin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D Trebukh
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Loginova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eleanora N Trushina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana K Mustafina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila I Avrenyeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Guseva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya V Kravchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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19
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Kaushal J, Khatri M, Arya SK. A treatise on Organophosphate pesticide pollution: Current strategies and advancements in their environmental degradation and elimination. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111483. [PMID: 33120277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have been used in the field of agriculture ever since their role in protection of crops from pests which include four different categories namely insects, mites, rodents and animals has been identified. Organophosphate pesticides are one of the most extensively applied insecticides in the field of agriculture such that around 40% of all the pesticides that are produced and used commercially belong to this category. The main toxicological effect of these pesticides when exposed to a living being encompasses the irremediable inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme which is involved in the neurotransmission of signals and hence its inhibition causes impairment of the respiratory tract and neuromuscular transmission. Apart from being used as a pesticide, organophosphates have also been applied as herbicides to some extent. The residues of these highly toxic chemicals have found route into the underground water system by seeping into the ground, in rivers where the agricultural run off water is disposed, and in the air when sprayed on the crops hence posing a threat to all the living strata exposed to these chemicals in various ways which are discussed further. Many significant studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the health risks associated with these pesticides which commonly include acute neurological disorders. This review emphasizes on the toxicological effects of organophosphate pesticides and the recent methods of detection that are used to identify trace amounts of organophosphate pesticides along with strategies which are used for their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khatri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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20
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Chen X, Lu X, Liu H, Wang H, Pei C. Facile synthesis and nematicidal activity evaluation of thiophosphinyl amide [(Pz) 2P(S)NHR] and thiophosphonyl diamide [(Pz)P(S)(NHR) 2] (Pz = 1,3,5-trimethylpyrazole, R = biphenyl derivatives). RSC Adv 2021; 11:36250-36256. [PMID: 35492779 PMCID: PMC9043339 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06232h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thiophosphinyl amide [(Pz)2P(S)NHR] and thiophosphonyl diamide [PzP(S)(NHR)2] compounds, where Pz = 1,3,5-trimethylpyrazole and N(H)R = derivatives of 2-aminobiphenyl, were synthesized via a facile two-step process. Reaction of pyrazolyl substituted bromophosphine with 2-aminobiphenyl derivatives and further reaction with elemental sulphur affords the corresponding thiophosphinyl amide and thiophosphonyl diamide. The intermediate species was used without prior purification for reaction with sulphur to yield the target compounds. The nematicidal activity evaluation suggests that some compounds could manifest moderate nematicidal activity towards Meloidogyne incogita, which is higher than that of their amide analogue bixafen. A series of SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor)-like thiophosphinyl amide [(Pz)2P(S)NHR] and thiophosphonyl diamide [PzP(S)(NHR)2] compounds, where Pz = 1,3,5-trimethylpyrazole and N(H)R = derivatives of 2-aminobiphenyl, were synthesized via a facile two-step process. Some of their nematicidal activities towards Meloidogyne incogita are stronger than that of the amide analogue bixafen.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiaogang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chengxin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
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21
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Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Sapouni EM, Sita N, Liampas I, Brotis AG, Rakitskii VN, Burykina TI, Aschner M, Bogdanos DP, Tsatsakis A, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E. Parkinson's disease and pesticides: Are microRNAs the missing link? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140591. [PMID: 32721662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and decline in the quality of life. It develops due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and among its pathogenic factors oxidative stress plays a critical role in disease progression. Pesticides are a broad class of chemicals widely used in agriculture and households for the protection of crops from insects and fungi. Several of them have been incriminated as risk factors for PD, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in regulating mRNA translation and protein synthesis. miRNA levels have been shown to be affected in several diseases as well. Since the studies on the association between pesticides and PD have yet to reach definitive conclusions, here we review recent evidence on deregulated microRNAs upon pesticide exposure, and attempt to find an overlap between miRNAs deregulated in PD and pesticides, as a missing link between the two, and enhance future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Efstathia-Maria Sapouni
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Sita
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros G Brotis
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast' 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana I Burykina
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis 40500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast' 141014, Russian Federation; Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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22
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Salazar-Flores J, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Ortiz GG, Torres-Jasso JH, Romero-Rentería O, Briones-Torres AL, Torres-Sánchez ED. Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 33133223 PMCID: PMC7594453 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The region of La Cienega in Jalisco Mexico, is an important agricultural reference for the production of corn, sorghum and wheat, among other grains, so the use of pesticides for pest control is high. However, in this rural area there are no toxicological studies that assess the occupational risk of pesticide use. Therefore, this study is the first to determine the oxidative stress levels markers (GSH, GSSG, carbonyl groups, nitric oxide metabolites and lipid peroxides) as well as alteration of the mitochondrial membrane fluidity caused by occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers of this region. This occupational risk can increase cellular oxidation, which explains the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in Cienega settlers to be analyzed in future studies. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was performed using two groups: one not exposed group (n = 93) and another one with occupational exposure (n = 113). The latter group was sub-divided into 4 groups based on duration of use/exposure to pesticides. Oxidative stress levels and membrane fluidity were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software ver. 19.0 for windows. Results The most commonly used pesticides were organophosphorus, carbamates, herbicide-type glyphosate and paraquat, with an average occupational exposure time of 35.3 years. There were statistically significant differences in markers of oxidative stress between exposed farmers and not exposed group (p = 0.000). However, in most cases, no significant differences were found in markers of oxidative stress among the 4 exposure sub-groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion In the Cienega region, despite the indiscriminate use of organophosphorus and carbamates, there are no previous studies of levels oxidative stress. The results show increased levels of oxidative stress in occupationally exposed farmers, particularly membrane fluidity levels increased three times in contrast to not exposed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | | | - Genaro G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Discipline, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Juan H Torres-Jasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, CUCOSTA, University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Odette Romero-Rentería
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Ana L Briones-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
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23
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Schiff base – Zn2+ ion combo as ‘pick and degrade’ probe for selected organophosphorus chemical weapon mimics and flame retardant analog: Detoxification of fruits and vegetables in aqueous media. Food Chem 2020; 327:127080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Rahimi Anbarkeh F, Jalali M, Nikravesh MR, Soukhtanloo M. Protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on diazinon-induced renal toxicity in rats: an immunohistochemistry study. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1812659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahimi Anbarkeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jalali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikravesh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Qing Z, Li Y, Li Y, Luo G, Hu J, Zou Z, Lei Y, Liu J, Yang R. Thiol-suppressed I 2-etching of AuNRs: acetylcholinesterase-mediated colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:497. [PMID: 32803418 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For the first time it is demonstrated that sulfhydryl compounds can suppress longitudinal etching of gold nanorods via consuming oxidizers, which provides a new signaling mechanism for colorimetric sensing. As a proof of concept, a colorimetric assay is developed for detecting organophosphorus pesticides, which are most widely used in modern agriculture to improve food production but with high toxicity to animals and the ecological environment. Triazophos was selected as a model organophosphorus pesticide. In the absence of triazophos, the active acetylcholinesterase can catalyze the conversion of acetylthiocholine iodide to thiocholine whose thiol group can suppress the I2-induced etching of gold nanorods. When triazophos is present, the activity of AchE is inhibited, and I2-induced etching of gold nanorods results in triazophos concentration-dependent color change from brown to blue, pink, and red. The aspect ratio of gold nanorods reduced with gradually blue-shifted longitudinal absorption. There was a linear detection range from 0 to 117 nM (R2 = 0.9908), the detection limit was 4.69 nM, and a good application potential was demonstrated by the assay of real water samples. This method will not only contribute to public monitoring of organophosphorus pesticides but also has verified a new signaling mechanism which will open up a new path to develop colorimetric detection methods. It has been first found that sulfhydryl compounds can suppress longitudinal etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs) via consuming oxidizers, which provides a new signaling mechanism for colorimetric sensing. As a proof of concept, a colorimetric assay is developed for sensitively detecting organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). It will not only contribute to public monitoring of OPs but also has verified a new signaling mechanism which will open up a new path to develop multicolor colorimetric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Yacheng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Younan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyan Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Georgiadis G, Zisis IE, Docea AO, Tsarouhas K, Fragkiadoulaki I, Mavridis C, Karavitakis M, Stratakis S, Stylianou K, Tsitsimpikou C, Calina D, Sofikitis N, Tsatsakis A, Mamoulakis C. Current Concepts on the Reno-Protective Effects of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors in Acute Kidney Injury: Systematic Search and Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051284. [PMID: 32365529 PMCID: PMC7287956 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality, especially in high risk patients. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), currently available as first-line therapy of erectile dysfunction in humans, have shown a beneficial potential of reno-protection through various reno-protective mechanisms. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on the reno-protective properties of PDE5Is in the various forms of AKI. Medline was systematically searched from 1946 to November 2019 to detect all relevant animal and human studies in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. In total, 83 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Sildenafil is the most widely investigated compound (42 studies), followed by tadalafil (20 studies), icariin (10 studies), vardenafil (7 studies), zaprinast (4 studies), and udenafil (2 studies). Even though data are limited, especially in humans with inconclusive or negative results of only two clinically relevant studies available at present, the results of animal studies are promising. The reno-protective action of PDE5Is was evident in the vast majority of studies, independently of the AKI type and the agent applied. PDE5Is appear to improve the renal functional/histopathological alternations of AKI through various mechanisms, mainly by affecting regional hemodynamics, cell expression, and mitochondrial response to oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Georgiadis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.G.); (I.-E.Z.); (I.F.); (C.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Ioannis-Erineos Zisis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.G.); (I.-E.Z.); (I.F.); (C.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.G.); (I.-E.Z.); (I.F.); (C.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece;
| | - Charalampos Mavridis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.G.); (I.-E.Z.); (I.F.); (C.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Markos Karavitakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.G.); (I.-E.Z.); (I.F.); (C.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Stavros Stratakis
- Department of Nephrology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (S.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kostas Stylianou
- Department of Nephrology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (S.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Christina Tsitsimpikou
- Department of Hazardous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Ampelokipi, Athens, Greece;
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece;
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.G.); (I.-E.Z.); (I.F.); (C.M.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Arantes MR, Peijnenburg A, Hendriksen PJM, Stoopen G, Almeida TS, Souza TM, Farias DF, Carvalho AFU, Rocha TM, Leal LKAM, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JTA. In vitro toxicological characterisation of the antifungal compound soybean toxin (SBTX). Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104824. [PMID: 32165152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean toxin (SBTX) is a protein isolated from soybean seeds and composed of two polypeptide subunits (17 and 27 kDa). SBTX has in vitro activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Cercospora sojina, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium herguei, and yeasts like Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, Kluyveromyces marxiannus, and Pichia membranifaciens. The present study aimed to analyze in vitro whether SBTX causes any side effects on non-target bacterial and mammalian cells that could impede its potential use as a novel antifungal agent. SBTX at 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL did not hinder the growth of the bacteria Salmonella enterica (subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis), Bacillus subtilis (subspecies spizizenii) and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, SBTX at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL did not significantly affect the viability of erythrocytes, neutrophils, and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. To study whether SBTX could induce relevant alterations in gene expression, in vitro DNA microarray experiments were conducted in which differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 100 μg/mL or 200 μg/mL SBTX. SBTX up-regulated genes involved in cell cycle and immune response pathways, but down-regulated genes that play a role in cholesterol biosynthesis and platelet degranulation pathways. Thus, although SBTX did not affect bacteria, nor induced cytotoxity in mammalian cells, it affected some biological pathways in the human Caco-2 cell line that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis Arantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- WFSR, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter J M Hendriksen
- WFSR, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Geert Stoopen
- WFSR, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Thiago Silva Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Maria Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229, ER, the Netherlands.
| | - Davi Felipe Farias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Ilka Maria Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Jose Tadeu Abreu Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Cumulative impact of anti-sea lice treatment (azamethiphos) on health status of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) in aquaculture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16217. [PMID: 31700034 PMCID: PMC6838116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its widespread use in aquaculture, the impact of chemical anti-sea lice treatment on salmonids following application in a commercial farm has not been previously reported. This work reports the cumulative effect of three consecutive anti-sea lice treatments using azamethiphos on the health status of aquaculture reared rainbow trout through the investigation of clinical chemistry, histopathology and proteome expression. The serum biomarkers showed decreasing trends in total protein, albumin and potassium concentrations and an average increase of total bilirubin and phosphate concentration towards the end of the treatment period. Principal component analysis clearly distinguished correlated pairs of biomarkers and also demonstrates a shift from acute to chronic effects as treatment progresses. Proteomic analysis confirmed alterations of proteins involved in clot formation, immune reaction and free heme binding. Tissue damage after the series of delousing treatments, exhibited increased deposits of hemosiderin. Results from this study suggest an impact of azamethiphos on trout health through intravascular haemolysis and consequently from pathophysiologic process of haemoglobin metabolism and its products, causing chronic kidney injury from iron deposits. This is the first report to demonstrate in fish the impact of active iron accumulation in different organs from physiological processes that can seriously impair normal function.
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29
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Chiu YH, Sandoval-Insausti H, Ley SH, Bhupathiraju SN, Hauser R, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Sun Q, Chavarro JE. Association between intake of fruits and vegetables by pesticide residue status and coronary heart disease risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105113. [PMID: 31473415 PMCID: PMC6754761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is recommended for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). FVs are also an important source of exposure to pesticide residues. Whether the relations of FV intake with CHD differ according to pesticide residue status is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of high- and low-pesticide-residue FVs with the risk of CHD. METHODS We followed 145,789 women and 24,353 men free of cardiovascular disease and cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) at baseline and participating in three ongoing prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS: 1998-2012), the NHS-II (1999-2013), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS: 1998-2012). FV intake was assessed via food frequency questionnaires. We categorized FVs as having high- or low-pesticide-residues using a validated method based on pesticide surveillance data from the US Department of Agriculture. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of CHD in relation to high- and low-pesticide-residue FV intake. RESULTS A total of 3707 incident CHD events were identified during 2,241,977 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of low-pesticide-residue FVs was associated with a lower risk of CHD whereas high-pesticide-residue FV intake was unrelated to CHD risk. Specifically, compared with individuals consuming <1 serving/day of low-pesticide-residue FVs, those consuming ≥4 servings/day had 20% (95CI: 4%, 33%) lower risk of CHD. The corresponding HR (comparing ≥4 servings/day to <1 serving/day) for high-pesticide-residue FV intake and CHD was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.72, 1.30). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested exposure to pesticide residues through FV intake may modify some cardiovascular benefits of FV consumption. Further confirmation of these findings, especially using biomarkers for assessment of pesticide exposure, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Helena Sandoval-Insausti
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Fountoucidou P, Veskoukis AS, Kerasioti E, Docea AO, Taitzoglou IA, Liesivuori J, Tsatsakis A, Kouretas D. A mixture of routinely encountered xenobiotics induces both redox adaptations and perturbations in blood and tissues of rats after a long-term low-dose exposure regimen: The time and dose issue. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:24-44. [PMID: 31541690 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of humans to xenobiotic mixtures is a continuous state during their everyday routine. However, the majority of toxicological studies assess the in vivo effects of individual substances rather than mixtures. Therefore, our main objective was to evaluate the impact of the 12- and 18-month exposure of rats to a mixture containing 13 pesticides, food, and life-style additives in three dosage levels (i.e. 0.0025 × NOAEL, 0.01 × NOAEL, and 0.05 × NOAEL), on redox biomarkers in blood and tissues. Our results indicate that the exposure to the mixture induces physiological adaptations by enhancing the blood antioxidant mechanism (i.e., increased glutathione, catalase and total antioxidant capacity and decreased protein carbonyls and TBARS) at 12 months of exposure. On the contrary, exposure to the 0.05 × NOAEL dose for 18 months induces significant perturbations in blood and tissue redox profile (i.e., increased carbonyls and TBARS). This study simulates a scenario of real-life risk exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics through a long-term low-dose administration regimen in rats. The results obtained could support, at least in part, the necessity of introducing testing of combined stimuli at reference doses and long term for the evaluation of the risk from exposure to chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Fountoucidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Ioannis A Taitzoglou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Pereska Z, Chaparoska D, Bekarovski N, Jurukov I, Simonovska N, Babulovska A. Pulmonary thrombosis in acute organophosphate poisoning-Case report and literature overview of prothrombotic preconditioning in organophosphate toxicity. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:550-555. [PMID: 31285996 PMCID: PMC6587046 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute OP poisoning complicated with pulmonary thrombosis during the first week of poisoning. Antidote treatment included atropine, whereas diazepam was administered in the first 48 h. There was no administration of oximes due to unavailability. Prolonged hypoxemia in acute OP intoxication indicates exclusion of thrombotic pulmonary event.
Objective Acute organophosphate (OP) poisonings are presented with acetylcholine-receptor overstimulation. There have been a few case reports of thrombotic complications in acute OP poisonings, as well as prolonged thrombosis preconditions in patients who survived this type of intoxications. The paper presents a case with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) that develops in the subacute phase of intentional acute OP poisoning, treated only with atropine, as well as a literature overview of OP-induced prothrombotic toxicity. Case report A middle aged woman was brought to the hospital after ingestion of unknown insecticide with suicidal intentions. She had a history of HTA (arterial hypertension), hyperlipidemia and untreated depression. The clinical features of poisoning were miosis, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Soon after admission, she developed difficulties in breathing with decrease of serum pseudocholinesterase (2590...1769...1644...800 U/l), bibasal pulmonary crackles, drop of SpO2 to 84%. Antidote treatment included carbo medicinalis, atropine, and diazepam, without use of oximes. The seventh day pseudocholinesterase, the levels started to rise but the patient’s hyposaturation (SpO2 86-88%) persisted. Chest ultrasound detected hypoechoic subpleural lesion to the right. Haemostatic tests showed increased D-Dimmer (2312 ng/ml) with hypercoagulability. The CT pulmonary angiography confirmed PT and after the administration of low molecular heparin, her clinical condition improved. Conclusion Acute organophosphate poisoning treated with atropine showed a potential for inducing prothrombotic coagulation abnormalities, presented with PT. This life-threatening complication may additionally contribute to prolonged morbidity and mortality in OP poisonings, especially in patients with medical history of comorbidites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanina Pereska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Daniela Chaparoska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Niko Bekarovski
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Irena Jurukov
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Natasha Simonovska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Babulovska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Reynoso EC, Torres E, Bettazzi F, Palchetti I. Trends and Perspectives in Immunosensors for Determination of Currently-Used Pesticides: The Case of Glyphosate, Organophosphates, and Neonicotinoids. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E20. [PMID: 30720729 PMCID: PMC6468886 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, due to their intensive use and their peculiar chemical features, can persist in the environment and enter the trophic chain, thus representing an environmental risk for the ecosystems and human health. Although there are several robust and reliable standard analytical techniques for their monitoring, the high frequency of contamination caused by pesticides requires methods for massive monitoring campaigns that are capable of rapidly detecting these compounds in many samples of different origin. Immunosensors represent a potential tool for simple, rapid, and sensitive monitoring of pesticides. Antibodies coupled to electrochemical or optical transducers have resulted in effective detection devices. In this review, the new trends in immunosensor development and the application of immunosensors for the detection of pesticides of environmental concern-such as glyphosate, organophosphates, and neonicotinoids-are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Reynoso
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - Francesca Bettazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
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Paraoxonase-1 genetic polymorphisms in organophosphate metabolism. Toxicology 2018; 411:24-31. [PMID: 30359673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are a class of chemicals commonly used in agriculture as pesticides, that can often lead to severe toxicity in humans. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) belongs to a family of A-esterases and hydrolyses several OPs while also serving other biological roles. Two main genetic polymorphisms have been shown to affect enzymatic ability; an A > G transition in the 192nd position (192 Q/R, rs662), and an A > T at codon 55 (55 M/L, rs854560). In this review, we searched PubMed for relevant articles published from its inception till June 2018 and included publications from 1996 to 2018. We aimed to address the distribution of the polymorphisms in various populations, the way they affect enzymatic activity and the possible use of PON1 as a biomarker. The polymorphisms present great heterogeneity between populations, with the data being clearer over 192 Q/R, and this heterogeneity is related to the phylogenetic origins of each population. Concerning enzymatic activity, the different genotypes react better or worse to different OP substrates, with studies presenting a variety of findings. Detecting the "paraoxonase status" of an individual -referring to PON1 function- seems to be important in predicting OP toxicity, as studies have shown that some specific-genotype individuals present symptoms of toxicity in higher rates than others. We are strongly convinced that in order for the scientific community to reach a consensus over which polymorphisms confer susceptibility to toxicity and whether PON1 can eventually be used as a biomarker, more studies need to be carried out, since the data thus far does not seem to reach a universal conclusion.
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