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Alewel DI, Kodavanti UP. Neuroendocrine contribution to sex-related variations in adverse air pollution health effects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2024:1-28. [PMID: 39075643 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2024.2383637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is ranked as a leading environmental risk factor for not only cardiopulmonary diseases but also for systemic health ailments including diabetes, reproductive abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders, likely mediated by central neural stress mechanisms. Current experimental evidence links many air pollution health outcomes with activation of neuroendocrine sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axes associated with resultant increases in adrenal-derived hormone levels acting as circulating mediators of multi-organ stress reactions. Epidemiological and experimental investigations also demonstrated sex-specific responses to air pollutant inhalation, which may be attributed to hormonal interactions within the stress and reproductive axes. Sex hormones (androgens and estrogens) interact with neuroendocrine functions to influence hypothalamic responses, subsequently augmenting stress-mediated metabolic and immune changes. These neurohormonal interactions may contribute to innate sex-specific responses to inhaled irritants, inducing differing individual susceptibility. The aim of this review was to: (1) examine neuroendocrine co-regulation of the HPA axis by gonadal hormones, (2) provide experimental evidence demonstrating sex-specific respiratory and systemic effects attributed to air pollutant inhalation exposure, and (3) postulate proposed mechanisms of stress and sex hormone interactions during air pollution-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Alewel DI, Rentschler KM, Jackson TW, Schladweiler MC, Astriab-Fisher A, Evansky PA, Kodavanti UP. Serum metabolome and liver transcriptome reveal acrolein inhalation-induced sex-specific homeostatic dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21179. [PMID: 38040807 PMCID: PMC10692194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein, a respiratory irritant, induces systemic neuroendocrine stress. However, peripheral metabolic effects have not been examined. Male and female WKY rats were exposed to air (0 ppm) or acrolein (3.16 ppm) for 4 h, followed by immediate serum and liver tissue collection. Serum metabolomics in both sexes and liver transcriptomics in males were evaluated to characterize the systemic metabolic response. Of 887 identified metabolites, > 400 differed between sexes at baseline. An acrolein biomarker, 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid, increased 18-fold in males and 33-fold in females, indicating greater metabolic detoxification in females than males. Acrolein exposure changed 174 metabolites in males but only 50 in females. Metabolic process assessment identified higher circulating free-fatty acids, glycerols, and other lipids in male but not female rats exposed to acrolein. In males, acrolein also increased branched-chain amino acids, which was linked with metabolites of nitrogen imbalance within the gut microbiome. The contribution of neuroendocrine stress was evident by increased corticosterone in males but not females. Male liver transcriptomics revealed acrolein-induced over-representation of lipid and protein metabolic processes, and pathway alterations including Sirtuin, insulin-receptor, acute-phase, and glucocorticoid signaling. In sum, acute acrolein inhalation resulted in sex-specific serum metabolomic and liver transcriptomic derangement, which may have connections to chronic metabolic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katherine M Rentschler
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Anna Astriab-Fisher
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Paul A Evansky
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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Jackson TW, House JS, Henriquez AR, Schladweiler MC, Jackson KM, Fisher AA, Snow SJ, Alewel DI, Motsinger-Reif AA, Kodavanti UP. Multi-tissue transcriptomic and serum metabolomic assessment reveals systemic implications of acute ozone-induced stress response in male Wistar Kyoto rats. Metabolomics 2023; 19:81. [PMID: 37690105 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutant exposures have been linked to systemic disease; however, the underlying mechanisms between responses of the target tissue and systemic effects are poorly understood. A prototypic inducer of stress, ozone causes respiratory and systemic multiorgan effects through activation of a neuroendocrine stress response. The goal of this study was to assess transcriptomic signatures of multiple tissues and serum metabolomics to understand how neuroendocrine and adrenal-derived stress hormones contribute to multiorgan health outcomes. Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12-13 weeks old) were exposed to filtered air or 0.8 ppm ozone for 4-hours, and blood/tissues were collected immediately post-exposure. Each tissue had distinct expression profiles at baseline. Ozone changed 1,640 genes in lung, 274 in hypothalamus, 2,516 in adrenals, 1,333 in liver, 1,242 in adipose, and 5,102 in muscle (adjusted p-value < 0.1, absolute fold-change > 50%). Serum metabolomic analysis identified 863 metabolites, of which 447 were significantly altered in ozone-exposed rats (adjusted p-value < 0.1, absolute fold change > 20%). A total of 6 genes were differentially expressed in all 6 tissues. Glucocorticoid signaling, hypoxia, and GPCR signaling were commonly changed, but ozone induced tissue-specific changes in oxidative stress, immune processes, and metabolic pathways. Genes upregulated by TNF-mediated NFkB signaling were differentially expressed in all ozone-exposed tissues, but those defining inflammatory response were tissue-specific. Upstream predictor analysis identified common mediators of effects including glucocorticoids, although the specific genes responsible for these predictors varied by tissue. Metabolomic analysis showed major changes in lipids, amino acids, and metabolites linked to the gut microbiome, concordant with transcriptional changes identified through pathway analysis within liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. The distribution of receptors and transcriptional mechanisms underlying the ozone-induced stress response are tissue-specific and involve induction of unique gene networks and metabolic phenotypes, but the shared initiating triggers converge into shared pathway-level responses. This multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis, combined with circulating metabolomic assessment, allows characterization of the systemic inhaled pollutant-induced stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Jackson
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - John S House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | | | - Anna A Fisher
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Sam J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- ICF, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Allison A Motsinger-Reif
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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Alewel DI, Henriquez AR, Schladweiler MC, Grindstaff R, Fisher AA, Snow SJ, Jackson TW, Kodavanti UP. Intratracheal instillation of respirable particulate matter elicits neuroendocrine activation. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:59-75. [PMID: 35867597 PMCID: PMC10590194 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhalation of ozone activates central sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axes. While airway neural networks are known to communicate noxious stimuli to higher brain centers, it is not known to what extent responses generated from pulmonary airways contribute to neuroendocrine activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unlike inhalational exposures that involve the entire respiratory tract, we employed intratracheal (IT) instillations to expose only pulmonary airways to either soluble metal-rich residual oil fly ash (ROFA) or compressor-generated diesel exhaust particles (C-DEP). Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (12-13 weeks) were IT instilled with either saline, C-DEP or ROFA (5 mg/kg) and necropsied at 4 or 24 hr to assess temporal effects. RESULTS IT-instillation of particulate matter (PM) induced hyperglycemia as early as 30-min and glucose intolerance when measured at 2 hr post-exposure. We observed PM- and time-specific effects on markers of pulmonary injury/inflammation (ROFA>C-DEP; 24 hr>4hr) as corroborated by increases in lavage fluid injury markers, neutrophils (ROFA>C-DEP), and lymphocytes (ROFA). Increases in lavage fluid pro-inflammatory cytokines differed between C-DEP and ROFA in that C-DEP caused larger increases in TNF-α whereas ROFA caused larger increases in IL-6. No increases in circulating cytokines occurred. At 4 hr, PM impacts on neuroendocrine activation were observed through depletion of circulating leukocytes, increases in adrenaline (ROFA), and decreases in thyroid-stimulating-hormone, T3, prolactin, luteinizing-hormone, and testosterone. C-DEP and ROFA both increased lung expression of genes involved in acute stress and inflammatory processes. Moreover, small increases occurred in hypothalamic Fkbp5, a glucocorticoid-sensitive gene. CONCLUSION Respiratory alterations differed between C-DEP and ROFA, with ROFA inducing greater overall lung injury/inflammation; however, both PM induced a similar degree of neuroendocrine activation. These findings demonstrate neuroendocrine activation after pulmonary-only PM exposure, and suggest the involvement of pituitary- and adrenal-derived hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin I. Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Andres R. Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna A. Fisher
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Kodavanti UP, Jackson TW, Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Alewel DI, Costa DL. Air Pollutant impacts on the brain and neuroendocrine system with implications for peripheral organs: a perspective. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:109-126. [PMID: 36749208 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants are being increasingly linked to extrapulmonary multi-organ effects. Specifically, recent studies associate air pollutants with brain disorders including psychiatric conditions, neuroinflammation and chronic diseases. Current evidence of the linkages between neuropsychiatric conditions and chronic peripheral immune and metabolic diseases provides insights on the potential role of the neuroendocrine system in mediating neural and systemic effects of inhaled pollutants (reactive particulates and gases). Autonomically-driven stress responses, involving sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axes regulate cellular physiological processes through adrenal-derived hormones and diverse receptor systems. Recent experimental evidence demonstrates the contribution of the very stress system responding to non-chemical stressors, in mediating systemic and neural effects of reactive air pollutants. The assessment of how respiratory encounter of air pollutants induce lung and peripheral responses through brain and neuroendocrine system, and how the impairment of these stress pathways could be linked to chronic diseases will improve understanding of the causes of individual variations in susceptibility and the contribution of habituation/learning and resiliency. This review highlights effects of air pollution in the respiratory tract that impact the brain and neuroendocrine system, including the role of autonomic sensory nervous system in triggering neural stress response, the likely contribution of translocated nano particles or metal components, and biological mediators released systemically in causing effects remote to the respiratory tract. The perspective on the use of systems approaches that incorporate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors, including environmental, physiological and psychosocial, with the assessment of interactive neural mechanisms and peripheral networks are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Costa
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling's School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Jackson TW, House JS, Alewel DI, Schladweiler MC, Valdez MC, Freeborn DL, Miller CN, Grindstaff R, Kodavanti PRS, Kodavanti UP. Social isolation exacerbates acute ozone inhalation induced pulmonary and systemic health outcomes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116295. [PMID: 36341779 PMCID: PMC9722630 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocially-stressed individuals might have exacerbated responses to air pollution exposure. Acute ozone exposure activates the neuroendocrine stress response leading to systemic metabolic and lung inflammatory changes. We hypothesized chronic mild stress (CS) and/or social isolation (SI) would cause neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic phenotypes that would be exacerbated by an acute ozone exposure. Male 5-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: no stress (NS) (pair-housed, regular-handling); SI (single-housed, minimal-handling); CS (single-housed, subjected to mild unpredicted-randomized stressors [restraint-1 h, tilted cage-1 h, shaking-1 h, intermittent noise-6 h, and predator odor-1 h], 1-stressor/day*5-days/week*8-weeks. All animals then 13-week-old were subsequently exposed to filtered-air or ozone (0.8-ppm) for 4 h and immediately necropsied. CS, but not SI animals had increased adrenal weights. However, relative to NS, both CS and SI had lower circulating luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone regardless of exposure (SI > CS), and only CS demonstrated lower thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. SI caused more severe systemic inflammation than CS, as evidenced by higher circulating cytokines and cholesterol. Ozone exposure increased urine corticosterone and catecholamine metabolites with no significant stressor effect. Ozone-induced lung injury, and increases in lavage-fluid neutrophils and IL-6, were exacerbated by SI. Ozone severely lowered circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone in all groups and exacerbated systemic inflammation in SI. Ozone-induced increases in serum glucose, leptin, and triglycerides were consistent across stressors; however, increases in cholesterol were exacerbated by SI. Collectively, psychosocial stressors, especially SI, affected the neuroendocrine system and induced adverse metabolic and inflammatory effects that were exacerbated by ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - John S House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Matthew C Valdez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Danielle L Freeborn
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Colette N Miller
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Jackson TW, House JS, Motsinger-Reif AA, Ward-Caviness CK, Schladweiler MC, Alewel DI, Miller CN, Farraj AK, Hazari MS, Grindstaff R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Ghio AJ, Kodavanti UP. Stress Drivers of Glucose Dynamics during Ozone Exposure Measured Using Radiotelemetry in Rats. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:127006. [PMID: 36542476 PMCID: PMC9770052 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled irritant air pollutants may trigger stress-related metabolic dysfunction associated with altered circulating adrenal-derived hormones. OBJECTIVES We used implantable telemetry in rats to assess real-time changes in circulating glucose during and after exposure to ozone and mechanistically linked responses to neuroendocrine stress hormones. METHODS First, using a cross-over design, we monitored glucose during ozone exposures (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm) and nonexposure periods in male Wistar Kyoto rats implanted with glucose telemeters. A second cohort of unimplanted rats was exposed to ozone (0.0, 0.4 or 0.8 ppm) for 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, or 4 h with hormones measured immediately post exposure. We assessed glucose metabolism in sham and adrenalectomized rats, with or without supplementation of adrenergic/glucocorticoid receptor agonists, and in a separate cohort, antagonists. RESULTS Ozone (0.8 ppm) was associated with significantly higher blood glucose and lower core body temperature beginning 90 min into exposure, with reversal of effects 4-6 h post exposure. Glucose monitoring during four daily 4-h ozone exposures revealed duration of glucose increases, adaptation, and diurnal variations. Ozone-induced glucose changes were preceded by higher levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and epinephrine but lower levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormones. Higher glucose and glucose intolerance were inhibited in rats that were adrenalectomized or treated with adrenergic plus glucocorticoid receptor antagonists but exacerbated by agonists. DISCUSSION We demonstrated the temporality of neuroendocrine-stress-mediated biological sequalae responsible for ozone-induced glucose metabolic dysfunction and mechanism in a rodent model. Stress hormones assessment with real-time glucose monitoring may be useful in identifying interactions among irritant pollutants and stress-related illnesses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R. Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha J. Snow
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas W. Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - John S. House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison A. Motsinger-Reif
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cavin K. Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Devin I. Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colette N. Miller
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aimen K. Farraj
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehdi S. Hazari
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Nasiri R, Zarandi SM, Bayat M, Amini A. Design a protocol to investigate the effects of climate change in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113482. [PMID: 35609654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has a variety of effects on communities and the environment, most of which have been directly addressed, such as floods, droughts, and fires. To date, the impacts of climate change on health in in vivo conditions have not been assessed, and no protocol has been developed in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to develop a protocol as well as design and build a pilot to deal with climate change in vivo to show the direct effects of climate change on health. For this purpose, twenty specialists, comprising ten experts active in field climate and 10 experts in field medicine and anatomy, have been consulted to design the proposed exposure protocol using the Delphi method. According to the prepared protocol, an exposure pilot was then designed and built, which provides the climatic conditions for animal exposure with a fully automatic HMI-PLC system. The results showed the average 12:12-h day/night temperature, humidity, and circadian cycle for three consecutive ten-year periods selected for exposure of 1-month-old male rats. The duration of the exposure period is four months, which is equivalent to a ten-year climatic period. This study is a framework and a starting point for examining the effects of climate change on in vivo conditions that have not yet been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasul Nasiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Motesaddi Zarandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Biology and Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Biology and Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jackson TW, Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Fisher AA, Alewel DI, House JS, Kodavanti UP. Adrenal stress hormone regulation of hepatic homeostatic function after an acute ozone exposure in Wistar-Kyoto male rats. Toxicol Sci 2022; 189:73-90. [PMID: 35737395 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation and pulmonary/hypothalamus gene expression changes are diminished in adrenalectomized (AD) rats. Acute ozone exposure induces metabolic alterations concomitant with increases in epinephrine and corticosterone. We hypothesized that adrenal hormones are responsible for observed hepatic ozone effects, and in AD rats, these changes would be diminished. 5-7 days after sham (SH) or AD surgeries, male Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to air or 0.8-ppm ozone for 4-hrs. Serum samples were analyzed for metabolites and liver for transcriptional changes immediately post-exposure. Ozone increased circulating triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty-acids, and leptin in SH but not AD rats. Ozone-induced inhibition of glucose-mediated insulin release was absent in AD rats. Unlike diminution of ozone-induced hypothalamus and lung mRNA expression changes, AD in air-exposed rats (AD-air/SH-air) caused differential hepatic expression of ∼1000 genes. Likewise, ozone in AD rats caused differential expression of ∼1000 genes (AD-ozone/AD-air). Ozone-induced hepatic changes in SH rats reflected enrichment for pathways involving metabolic processes, including acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, TCA cycle, and sirtuins. Upstream predictor analysis identified similarity to responses produced by glucocorticoids and pathways involving forskolin. These changes were absent in AD rats exposed to ozone. However, ozone caused unique changes in AD liver mRNA reflecting activation of synaptogenesis, neurovascular coupling, neuroinflammation, and insulin signaling with inhibition of senescence pathways. In these rats, upstream predictor analysis identified numerous microRNAs involved in glucocorticoid insufficiency. These data demonstrate the critical role of adrenal stress hormones in ozone-induced hepatic homeostasis and necessitate further research elucidating their role in propagating environmentally driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Anna A Fisher
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - John S House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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10
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Dye JA, Schladweiler MC, Alewel DI, Miller CN, Kodavanti UP. The contribution of the neuroendocrine system to adaption after repeated daily ozone exposure in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 447:116085. [PMID: 35618032 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ozone-induced lung injury/inflammation dissipates despite continued exposure for 3 or more days; however, the mechanisms of adaptation/habituation remain unclear. Since ozone effects are mediated through adrenal-derived stress hormones, which also regulate longevity of centrally-mediated stress response, we hypothesized that ozone-adaptation is linked to diminution of neuroendocrine stress-axes activation and glucocorticoid levels. Male Wistar-Kyoto-rats (12-week-old) were injected with vehicle or a therapeutically-relevant dexamethasone dose (0.01-mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal) for 1-month to determine if suppression of glucocorticoid signaling was linked to adaptation. Vehicle- and dexamethasone-treated rats were exposed to air or 0.8-ppm ozone, 4 h/day × 2 or 4 days to assess the impacts of acute exposure and adaptation, respectively. Dexamethasone reduced thymus and spleen weights, circulating lymphocytes, corticosterone and increased insulin. Ozone increased lavage-fluid protein and neutrophils and decreased circulating lymphocytes at day-2 but not day-4. Ozone-induced hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and inhibition of beta-cell insulin release occurred at day-1 but not day-3. Ozone depleted circulating prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing-hormone at day-2 but not day-4, suggesting central mediation of adaptation. Adrenal epinephrine biosynthesis gene, Pnmt, was induced after ozone exposure at both timepoints. However, genes involved in glucocorticoid biosynthesis were induced after day-2 but not day-4, suggesting that acute 1- or 2-day ozone-mediated glucocorticoid increase elicits feedback inhibition to dampen hypothalamic stimulation of ACTH release in response to repeated subsequent ozone exposures. Although dexamethasone pretreatment affected circulating insulin, lymphocytes and adrenal genes, it had modest effect on ozone adaptation. In conclusion, ozone adaptation likely involves lack of hypothalamic response due to reduced availability of circulating glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Janice A Dye
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Colette N Miller
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America.
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11
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Tulen CBM, Snow SJ, Leermakers PA, Kodavanti UP, van Schooten FJ, Opperhuizen A, Remels AHV. Acrolein inhalation acutely affects the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in rat lung. Toxicology 2022; 469:153129. [PMID: 35150775 PMCID: PMC9201729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the airways to cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary risk factor for developing several lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). CS consists of a complex mixture of over 6000 chemicals including the highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. Acrolein is thought to be responsible for a large proportion of the non-cancer disease risk associated with smoking. Emerging evidence suggest a key role for CS-induced abnormalities in mitochondrial morphology and function in airway epithelial cells in COPD pathogenesis. Although in vitro studies suggest acrolein-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in airway epithelial cells, it is unknown if in vivo inhalation of acrolein affects mitochondrial content or the pathways controlling this. In this study, rats were acutely exposed to acrolein by inhalation (nose-only; 0-4 ppm), 4 h/day for 1 or 2 consecutive days (n = 6/group). Subsequently, the activity and abundance of key constituents of mitochondrial metabolic pathways as well as expression of critical proteins and genes controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy were investigated in lung homogenates. A transient decreasing response in protein and transcript abundance of subunits of the electron transport chain complexes was observed following acrolein inhalation. Moreover, acrolein inhalation caused a decreased abundance of key regulators associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively a differential response on day 1 versus day 2. Abundance of components of the mitophagy machinery was in general unaltered in response to acrolein exposure in rat lung. Collectively, this study demonstrates that acrolein inhalation acutely and dose-dependently disrupts the molecular regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in rat lung. Hence, understanding the effect of acrolein on mitochondrial function will provide a scientifically supported reasoning to shortlist aldehydes regulation in tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B M Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - S J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, United States; ICF, Durham, NC, United States
| | - P A Leermakers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - U P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, United States; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - F J van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Opperhuizen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A H V Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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12
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Colonna CH, Henriquez AR, House JS, Motsinger-Reif AA, Alewel DI, Fisher A, Ren H, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Miller DB, Miller CN, Kodavanti PRS, Kodavanti UP. The Role of Hepatic Vagal Tone in Ozone-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in the Liver. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:229-245. [PMID: 33662111 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been associated with metabolic diseases and hepatic steatosis-like changes. We have shown that ozone alters liver gene expression for metabolic processes through neuroendocrine activation. This study aimed to further characterize ozone-induced changes and to determine the impact of hepatic vagotomy (HV) which reduces parasympathetic influence. Twelve-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats underwent HV or sham surgery 5-6 days before air or ozone exposure (0 or 1 ppm; 4 h/day for 1 or 2 days). Ozone-induced lung injury, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and increases in circulating cholesterol, triglycerides, and leptin were similar in rats with HV and sham surgery. However, decreases in circulating insulin and increased HDL and LDL were observed only in ozone-exposed HV rats. Ozone exposure resulted in changed liver gene expression in both sham and HV rats (sham > HV), however, HV did not change expression in air-exposed rats. Upstream target analysis revealed that ozone-induced transcriptomic changes were similar to responses induced by glucocorticoid-mediated processes in both sham and HV rats. The directionality of ozone-induced changes reflecting cellular response to stress, metabolic pathways, and immune surveillance was similar in sham and HV rats. However, pathways regulating cell-cycle, regeneration, proliferation, cell growth, and survival were enriched by ozone in a directionally opposing manner between sham and HV rats. In conclusion, parasympathetic innervation modulated ozone-induced liver transcriptional responses for cell growth and regeneration without affecting stress-mediated metabolic changes. Thus, impaired neuroendocrine axes and parasympathetic innervation could collectively contribute to adverse effects of air pollutants on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Colonna
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - John S House
- Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Anna Fisher
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Desinia B Miller
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Colette N Miller
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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13
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Adrenergic and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Pulmonary Health Effects of Air Pollution. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060132. [PMID: 34200050 PMCID: PMC8226814 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adrenergic receptors (ARs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are activated by circulating catecholamines and glucocorticoids, respectively. These receptors regulate the homeostasis of physiological processes with specificity via multiple receptor subtypes, wide tissue-specific distribution, and interactions with other receptors and signaling processes. Based on their physiological roles, ARs and GRs are widely manipulated therapeutically for chronic diseases. Although these receptors play key roles in inflammatory and cellular homeostatic processes, little research has addressed their involvement in the health effects of air pollution. We have recently demonstrated that ozone, a prototypic air pollutant, mediates pulmonary and systemic effects through the activation of these receptors. A single exposure to ozone induces the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes, resulting in the release of epinephrine and corticosterone into the circulation. These hormones act as ligands for ARs and GRs. The roles of beta AR (βARs) and GRs in ozone-induced pulmonary injury and inflammation were confirmed in a number of studies using interventional approaches. Accordingly, the activation status of ARs and GRs is critical in mediating the health effects of inhaled irritants. In this paper, we review the cellular distribution and functions of ARs and GRs, their lung-specific localization, and their involvement in ozone-induced health effects, in order to capture attention for future research.
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