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Guo X, Fu Y, Peng J, Fu Y, Dong S, Ding RB, Qi X, Bao J. Emerging anticancer potential and mechanisms of snake venom toxins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131990. [PMID: 38704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal-derived venom, like snake venom, has been proven to be valuable natural resources for the drug development. Previously, snake venom was mainly investigated in its pharmacological activities in regulating coagulation, vasodilation, and cardiovascular function, and several marketed cardiovascular drugs were successfully developed from snake venom. In recent years, snake venom fractions have been demonstrated with anticancer properties of inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, restraining proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and migration, improving immunity, and so on. A number of active anticancer enzymes and peptides have been identified from snake venom toxins, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinases (MPs), three-finger toxins (3FTxs), serine proteinases (SPs), disintegrins, C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLPs), cell-penetrating peptides, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs). In this review, we focus on summarizing these snake venom-derived anticancer components on their anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms. We will also discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Bialves TS, Bastos Junior CLQ, Cordeiro MF, Boyle RT. Snake venom, a potential treatment for melanoma. A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123367. [PMID: 36690229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in treating patients with melanoma, there are still many treatment challenges to overcome. Studies with snake venom-derived proteins/peptides describe their binding potential, and inhibition of some proliferative mechanisms in melanoma. The combined use of these compounds with current therapies could be the strategic gap that will help us discover more effective treatments for melanoma. The present study aimed to carry out a systematic review identifying snake venom proteins and peptides described in the literature with antitumor, antimetastatic, or antiangiogenic effects on melanoma and determine the mechanisms of action that lead to these anti-tumor effects. Snake venoms contain proteins and peptides which are antiaggregant, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic. The in vivo results are encouraging, considering the reduction of metastases and tumor size after treatment. In addition to these results, it was reported that these venom compounds could act in combination with chemotherapeutics (Acurhagin-C; Macrovipecetin), sensitizing and preparing tumor cells for treatment. There is a consensus that snake venom is a promising strategy for the improvement of antimelanoma therapies, but it has been little explored in the current context, combined with inhibitors, immunotherapy or tumor microenvironment, for example. We suggest Lebein as a candidate for combination therapy with BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Senna Bialves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, s/n - km 8 - Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Claudio L Q Bastos Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, s/n - km 8 - Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde (PPGBS), Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Rua Roberto Trompovski 224, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, CEP 89600-000, Brazil.
| | - Robert Tew Boyle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, s/n - km 8 - Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
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Kan T, He Z, Du J, Xu M, Cui J, Han X, Tong D, Li H, Yan M, Yu Z. Irisin promotes fracture healing by improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:37-45. [PMID: 36196152 PMCID: PMC9513699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are important for bone fracture healing. Irisin is a muscle-derived monokine that is associated with bone formation. Methods To demonstrate the effect of irisin on bone fracture healing, closed mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were produced in 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Irisin was administrated intraperitoneally every other day after surgery, fracture healing was assessed by using X-rays. Bone morphometry of the fracture callus were assessed by using micro-computed tomography. Femurs of mice from each group were assessed by the three-point bending testing. Effect of irisin on osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by qRT-PCR, migration tests, and tube formation assays. Results Increased callus formation, mineralization and tougher fracture healing were observed in the irisin-treated group than in the control group, indicating the better fracture callus healing due to Irisin treatment. The vessel surface and vessel volume fraction of the callus also increased in the irisin-treated group. The expression of BMP2, CD31, and VEGF in callus were enhanced in the irisin-treated group. In mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells, irisin promoted ALP expression and mineralization, and increased the expression of osteogenic genes, including OSX, Runx2, OPG, ALP, OCN and BMP2. Irisin also promoted HUVEC migration and tube formation. Expression of angiogenic genes, including ANGPT1, ANGPT2, VEGFb, CD31, FGF2, and PDGFRB in HUVECs were increased by irisin. Conclusion All the results indicate irisin can promote fracture healing through osteogenesis and angiogenesis. These findings help in the understanding of muscle–bone interactions during fracture healing. The Translational Potential of this Article Irisin was one of the most important monokine secreted by skeletal muscle. Studies have found that irisin have anabolic effect one bone remodeling through affecting osteocyte and osteoblast. Based on our study, irisin could promote bone fracture healing by increasing bone mass and vascularization, which provide a potential usage of irisin to promote fracture healing and improve clinical outcomes.
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Li T, Ge G, Zhang H, Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Yue Z, Ma W, Li W, Zhang J, Yang H, Wang P, Zhao J, Fang Y, Xie Q, Wang M, Li Y, Zhu H, Li H. HM-3-HSA exhibits potent anti-angiogenesis and antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106017. [PMID: 34555448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HM-3-HSA is an antitumor fusion protein which improved the pharmacokinetics of HM-3. Previous studies reported that HM-3-HSA enhanced antitumor activity of HM-3 in melanoma cells. However, the efficacy and the mechanism of HM-3-HSA in hepatocellular carcinoma, especially its effect on tumor angiogenesis, have not been elucidated. Herein, we showed that HM-3-HSA significantly inhibited the H22 and SMMC-7721 tumor xenografts growth and tumor angiogenesis in vivo, indicating the antitumor activity exerted by HM-3-HSA was closely corrected with its potency on tumor angiogenesis. To investigate the anti-angiogenic mechanism, we evaluated the efficacy of HM-3-HSA in HUVECs in vitro. The results showed that multiple steps of tumor angiogenesis, including endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation, were substantially inhibited by HM-3-HSA. Mechanism investigations revealed that HM-3-HSA could bind HUVECs via integrin αvβ3 and α5β1 and inhibited phosphorylation of the downstream protein kinases including FAK, Src and PI3 K. Our study was the first to report the activity of HM-3-HSA against hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis as well as the underlying mechanism by which HM-3-HSA to exert its anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangfei Ge
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hanzi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaorong Yue
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wuli Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiya Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Fang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinjian Xie
- Gansu Crops Hospital of CAPF, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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David V, Succar BB, de Moraes JA, Saldanha-Gama RFG, Barja-Fidalgo C, Zingali RB. Recombinant and Chimeric Disintegrins in Preclinical Research. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E321. [PMID: 30087285 PMCID: PMC6116119 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Disintegrins are a family of small cysteine-rich peptides, found in a wide variety of snake venoms of different phylogenetic origin. These peptides selectively bind to integrins, which are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that play a fundamental role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, such as hemostasis and tumor metastasis. Most disintegrins interact with integrins through the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence loop, resulting in an active site that modulates the integrin activity. Some variations in the tripeptide sequence and the variability in its neighborhood result in a different specificity or affinity toward integrin receptors from platelets, tumor cells or neutrophils. Recombinant forms of these proteins are obtained mainly through Escherichia coli, which is the most common host used for heterologous expression. Advances in the study of the structure-activity relationship and importance of some regions of the molecule, especially the hairpin loop and the C-terminus, rely on approaches such as site-directed mutagenesis and the design and expression of chimeric peptides. This review provides highlights of the biological relevance and contribution of recombinant disintegrins to the understanding of their binding specificity, biological activities and therapeutic potential. The biological and pharmacological relevance on the newest discoveries about this family of integrin-binding proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Barbosa Succar
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Ferreira Gomes Saldanha-Gama
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20.551-030, Brazil.
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20.551-030, Brazil.
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
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Tessler M, Marancik D, Champagne D, Dove A, Camus A, Siddall ME, Kvist S. Marine Leech Anticoagulant Diversity and Evolution. J Parasitol 2018; 104:210-220. [PMID: 29505345 DOI: 10.1645/17-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) possess powerful salivary anticoagulants and, accordingly, are frequently employed in modern, authoritative medicine. Members of the almost exclusively marine family Piscicolidae account for 20% of leech species diversity, and they feed on host groups (e.g., sharks) not encountered by their freshwater and terrestrial counterparts. Moreover, some species of Ozobranchidae feed on endangered marine turtles and have been implicated as potential vectors for the tumor-associated turtle herpesvirus. In spite of their ecological importance and unique host associations, there is a distinct paucity of data regarding the salivary transcriptomes of either of these families. Using next-generation sequencing, we profiled transcribed, putative anticoagulants and other salivary bioactive compounds that have previously been linked to blood feeding from 7 piscicolid species (3 elasmobranch feeders; 4 non-cartilaginous fish feeders) and 1 ozobranchid species (2 samples). In total, 149 putative anticoagulants and bioactive loci were discovered in varying constellations throughout the different samples. The putative anticoagulants showed a broad spectrum of described antagonistic pathways, such as inhibition of factor Xa and platelet aggregation, which likely have similar bioactive roles in marine fish and turtles. A transcript with homology to ohanin, originally isolated from king cobras, was found in Cystobranchus vividus but is otherwise unknown from leeches. Estimation of selection pressures for the putative anticoagulants recovered evidence for both positive and purifying selection along several isolated branches in the gene trees, and positive selection was also estimated for a few select codons in a variety of marine species. Similarly, phylogenetic analyses of the amino acid sequences for several anticoagulants indicated divergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tessler
- 1 Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024.,2 Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024.,3 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024
| | - David Marancik
- 4 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Donald Champagne
- 5 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Alistair Dove
- 6 Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30313
| | - Alvin Camus
- 4 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Mark E Siddall
- 2 Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024.,3 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- 7 Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada.,8 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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Tian T, Zhang HX, He CP, Fan S, Zhu YL, Qi C, Huang NP, Xiao ZD, Lu ZH, Tannous BA, Gao J. Surface functionalized exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles for cerebral ischemia therapy. Biomaterials 2017; 150:137-149. [PMID: 29040874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The safe and effective delivery of drugs is a major obstacle in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Exosomes hold great promise as an endogenous drug delivery nanosystem for the treatment of cerebral ischemia given their unique properties, including low immunogenicity, innate stability, high delivery efficiency, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, exosome insufficient targeting capability limits their clinical applications. In this study, the c(RGDyK) peptide has been conjugated to the exosome surface by an easy, rapid, and bio-orthogonal chemistry. In the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice model, The engineered c(RGDyK)-conjugated exosomes (cRGD-Exo) target the lesion region of the ischemic brain after intravenous administration. Furthermore, curcumin has been loaded onto the cRGD-Exo, and administration of these exosomes has resulted in a strong suppression of the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis in the lesion region. The results suggest a targeting delivery vehicle for ischemic brain based on exosomes and provide a strategy for the rapid and large-scale production of functionalized exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Hui-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chun-Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Song Fan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yan-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Cui Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhong-Dang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zu-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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Monteiro DA, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Tavares D, Fernandes MN, Kalinin AL, Rantin FT. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a Disintegrin-Like Cys-Rich Protein Isolated from the Venom of the Snake Rhinocerophis alternatus, Stimulates Angiogenesis and Antioxidant Defenses in the Liver of Freshwater Fish, Hoplias malabaricus. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100307. [PMID: 28956818 PMCID: PMC5666354 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like protein isolated from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom, which induces endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg·kg−1, via intra-arterial) on oxidative stress biomarkers, histological alterations, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, and the degree of vascularization in the liver of the freshwater fish traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, seven days after the initiation of therapy. ALT-C treatment increased VEGF levels and hepatic angiogenesis. ALT-C also enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, decreasing the basal oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in the fish liver. These results indicate that ALT-C improved hepatic tissue and may play a crucial role in tissue regeneration mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | | | - Driele Tavares
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Tadeu Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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Peng X, Dai Z, Lei Q, Liang L, Yan S, Wang X. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of black widow spiderling extract against HeLa cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3267-3274. [PMID: 28587399 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Black widow spiders contain toxic components not only in the venom glands but also in other parts of the spider body, including the legs and abdomen. Additionally, both the eggs and newborn spiderlings of the black widow spider contain venom. It is important to investigate their potential effects on cancer cells. In the present study, the effects of newborn black widow spiderling extract on human HeLa cells were evaluated in vitro. When applied at different concentrations, the total extract decreased HeLa cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 158 µg/ml. Flow cytometry indicated that treatment of HeLa cells with the total extract of the spiderlings induced apoptosis in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner and led to cell cycle arrest in the S-phase. Additionally, application of the total extract at different concentrations increased apoptosis-related caspase 3 activity in a dose-dependent manner. HeLa cells treated with the total extract appeared to be morphologically changed, exhibiting membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation and condensation of chromatin. Further separation and activity screening demonstrated that the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the total extract were attributable mainly to its high molecular mass proteins, one of which was purified and characterized to determine its anti-tumor activities on HeLa cells. The results of the present study therefore have expanded understanding regarding the effect of spider toxins on cancer cells and suggested that components of black widow spiderlings may be developed as a promising novel agent to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Zhipan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Qian Lei
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Xianchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Chen C, Cao Y, Xie B, Chen X, Zeng F, Liu M. Purification and Immunoprotection Evaluation of AaHIV from Complex Venom Metalloproteinases of Deinagkistrodon acutus. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:470-6. [PMID: 27111246 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoprotective effects of AaHIV in mice. After purification, a 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed. Bicinchoninic acid was used to determine the molecular weight and concentration of AaHIV. AaHIV, venom complex (VC), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were subsequently used to immunize the mice three times, and the blood was sampled 1 week after the third immunization to determine the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer. A skin-bleeding inhibition assay and toxin-eliminating assay were performed on the immunized mice. The purity and concentration of AaHIV were 86.6% and 1.20 mg/mL, respectively. The AaHIV group exhibited higher antibody titers than the VC group. The survival rate of the AaHIV group (7/10) was significantly higher than that of the PBS group (0/10) (P = 0.0031). The high titer of antibodies induced by AaHIV partially neutralized the bleeding activity of the Deinagkistrodon acutus venom complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Emergent Rescue, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Emergent Rescue, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- Department of Emergent Rescue, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baifa Xie
- Department of Emergent Rescue, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Emergent Rescue, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanjie Zeng
- Department of Emergent Rescue, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Emergent Rescue, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Monteiro DA, Kalinin AL, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Vasconcelos ES, Rantin FT. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom promotes positive inotropism and chronotropism in fish heart. Toxicon 2015; 110:1-11. [PMID: 26615089 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like protein purified from the venom of the snake, Rhinocerophis alternatus. Recent studies showed that ALT-C is able to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, endothelial cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis and to increase myoblast viability. This peptide, therefore, can play a crucial role in tissue regeneration mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg kg(-1), via intra-arterial) on in vitro cardiac function of the freshwater fish traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, after 7 days. ALT-C treatment increased the cardiac performance promoting: 1) significant increases in the contraction force and in the rates of contraction and relaxation with concomitant decreases in the values of time to the peak tension and time to half- and 90% relaxation; 2) improvement in the cardiac pumping capacity and maximal electrical stimulation frequency, shifting the optimum frequency curve upward and to the right; 3) increases in myocardial VEGF levels and expression of key Ca(2+)-cycling proteins such as SERCA (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase), PLB (phospholamban), and NCX (Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger); 4) abolishment of the typical negative force-frequency relationship of fish myocardium. In conclusion, this study indicates that ALT-C improves cardiac function, by increasing Ca(2+) handling efficiency leading to a positive inotropism and chronotropism. The results suggest that ALT-C may lead to better cardiac output regulation indicating its potential application in therapies for cardiac contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A L Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H S Selistre-de-Araujo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E S Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F T Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Characterization of Neuwiedin, a new disintegrin from Bothrops neuwiedi venom gland with distinct cysteine pattern. Toxicon 2015; 104:57-64. [PMID: 26272708 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrins are cysteine-rich toxins containing the RGD motif exposed in a loop that binds integrins such as αIIbβ3, α5β1 and αvβ3. The flexibility of the RGD loop, controlled by the profile of the cysteine pairs and the residues flanking the RGD sequence, are key structural features for the functional activity of these molecules. Recently, our group reported a transcript in the venom gland of Bothrops neuwiedi corresponding to a new P-II SVMP precursor, BnMPIIx, in which the RGD-binding loop includes many substituted residues and unique cysteine residues at the C-terminal. In this paper, we obtained the recombinant disintegrin domain of BnMPIIx, Neuwiedin, which inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, endothelial cell adhesion to fibrinogen and tube formation in Matrigel with no particular selectivity to αIIbβ3 or endothelial cell integrins. This value was also comparable to the inhibition observed with other recombinant disintegrins with conserved cysteine positions and residues in RGD loop. In this regard, Neuwiedin is an important component to understand the functional relevance of the diversity generated by accelerated evolution of venom toxins as well as to find out eventual new disintegrin-dependent targets that may be approached with disintegrins.
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13
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Propensity of crocin to offset Vipera russelli venom induced oxidative stress mediated neutrophil apoptosis: a biochemical insight. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:73-85. [PMID: 25149285 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viper envenomation results in inflammation at the bitten site as well as target organs. Neutrophils and other polymorphonuclear leukocytes execute inflammation resolving mechanism and will undergo apoptosis after completing the task. However, the target specific toxins induce neutrophil apoptosis at the bitten site and in circulation prior to their function, thus reducing their number. Circulating activated neutrophils are major source of inflammatory cytokines and leakage of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/other toxic intermediates resulting in aggravation of inflammatory response at the bitten/target site. Therefore, neutralization of venom induced neutrophil apoptosis reduces inflammation besides increasing the functional neutrophil population. Therefore, the present study investigates the venom induced perturbances in isolated human neutrophils and its neutralization by crocin (Crocus sativus) a potent antioxidant carotenoid. Human neutrophils on treatment with venom resulted in altered ROS generation, intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cyt-c translocation, caspase activation, phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA damage. On the other hand significant protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis were evidenced in crocin pre-treated groups. In conclusion the viper venom induces neutrophil apoptosis and results in aggravation of inflammation and tissue damage. The present study demands the necessity of an auxiliary therapy in addition to antivenin therapy to treat secondary/overlooked complications of envenomation.
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14
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Girón ME, Guerrero B, Salazar AM, Sánchez EE, Alvarez M, Rodríguez-Acosta A. Functional characterization of fibrinolytic metalloproteinases (colombienases) isolated from Bothrops colombiensis venom. Toxicon 2013; 74:116-26. [PMID: 23958522 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Researchers trying to improve the safety and efficacy of fibrinolytic therapy have been isolating fibrinolytic enzymes from snake venoms. Two fibrinolytic enzymes, colombienases 1 and 2, with significant activity have been isolated from the venom of Bothrops colombiensis. METHODS The colombienases were characterized for various biological activities which include hemorrhagic, fibrinogenolytic, proteolytic, hemolytic, edematogenic and cytotoxic. RESULTS Colombienases directly acted on fibrin by degrading fibrinogen Aα and Bβ chains without activating the fibrinolytic system (plasminogen/plasmin), additionally colombienase-2 degraded fibrinogen γ chains as well as the fibronectin molecule. Laminin and type IV collagen were colombienases resistant. Gelatin-zymogram activity was present in B. colombiensis venom (BcV) bands between 64 and 148 kDa. All activities were abolished by metalloproteinases inhibitors. Both enzymes lacked hemorrhagic, hemolytic, cytotoxic, plasminogen activator and coagulant activities. CONCLUSIONS Both colombienases had direct fibrino(geno)lytic activity without other toxic side effects including in vivo hemorrhaging, which could be promising in terms of therapeutic potential as thrombolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Girón
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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15
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Ribeiro LCA, Massimino LC, Durante AC, Tansini A, Urbaczek AC, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Carlos IZ. Recombinant disintegrin targets α(v) β(3) integrin and leads to mediator production. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 8:60-5. [PMID: 24589623 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is most likely the foremost modulator of angiogenesis among all known integrins. Recombinant disintegrin DisBa-01, originally obtained from snake venom glands, binds to αvβ3, thereby significantly inhibiting adhesion and generating in vivo anti-metastatic ability. However, its function in mediator production is not clear. Here, we observed that the mediators VEGF-A, IL-8, and TGF-β are not produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC cell line) or monocyte/macrophage cells (SC cell line) when cells adhered to vitronectin. However, when exposed to DisBa-01, HUVECs produced higher levels of TGF-β, and SC cells produced higher levels of VEGF-A. Nonetheless, HUVECs also showed an enhancement of apoptosis after losing adherence when exposed to disintegrin, which is a characteristic of anoikis. We propose that disintegrin DisBa-01 could be used to modulate integrin αvβ3 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia C A Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical Analysis; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia C Massimino
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical Analysis; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli C Durante
- Department of Physiological Sciences São Carlos Federal University São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Tansini
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical Analysis; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Urbaczek
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical Analysis; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iracilda Z Carlos
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical Analysis; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Lucena SE, Jia Y, Soto JG, Parral J, Cantu E, Brannon J, Lardner K, Ramos CJ, Seoane AI, Sánchez EE. Anti-invasive and anti-adhesive activities of a recombinant disintegrin, r-viridistatin 2, derived from the Prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis). Toxicon 2012; 60:31-9. [PMID: 22465495 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom disintegrins inhibit platelet aggregation and have anti-cancer activities. In this study, we report the cloning, expression, and functional activities of a recombinant disintegrin, r-viridistatin 2 (GenBank ID: JQ071899), from the Prairie rattlesnake. r-Viridistatin 2 was tested for anti-invasive and anti-adhesive activities against six different cancer cell lines (human urinary bladder carcinoma (T24), human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), human skin melanoma (SK-Mel-28), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and murine skin melanoma (B16F10)). r-Viridistatin 2 shares 96% and 64% amino acid identity with two other Prairie rattlesnake medium-sized disintegrins, viridin and viridistatin, respectively. r-Viridistatin 2 was able to inhibit adhesion of T24, SK-MEL-28, HT-1080, CaCo-2 and MDA-MB-231 to various extracellular matrix proteins with different affinities. r-Viridistatin 2 decreased the ability of T24 and SK-MEL-28 cells to migrate by 62 and 96% respectively, after 24 h of incubation and the invasion of T24, SK-MEL-28, HT-1080 and MDA-MB-231 cells were inhibited by 80, 85, 65 and 64% respectively, through a reconstituted basement membrane using a modified Boyden chamber. Finally, r-viridistatin 2 effectively inhibited lung colonization of murine melanoma cells in BALB/c mice by 71%, suggesting that r-viridistatin 2 could be a potent anti-cancer agent in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Lucena
- National Natural Toxins Research Center-NNTRC, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 158, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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17
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Carey CM, Bueno R, Gutierrez DA, Petro C, Lucena SE, Sanchez EE, Soto JG. Recombinant rubistatin (r-Rub), an MVD disintegrin, inhibits cell migration and proliferation, and is a strong apoptotic inducer of the human melanoma cell line SK-Mel-28. Toxicon 2011; 59:241-8. [PMID: 22192732 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Disintegrins are low molecular weight peptides isolated from viper venom. These peptides bind to integrin receptors using a conserved binding motif sequence containing an RGD or similar motif. As a consequence, disintegrins can inhibit platelet aggregation and inhibit cell migration, proliferation, and initiate apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Rubistatin is a MVD disintegrin cloned from a Crotalus ruber ruber venom gland. The biological activity of MVD disintegrins is poorly understood. Recombinant rubistatin (r-Rub) was cloned into a pET32b plasmid and expressed in reductase-deficient Escherichia coli. Expression was induced with IPTG and the resulting fusion peptide was affinity purified, followed by thrombin cleavage, and removal of vector coded sequences. r-Rub peptide inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 54% ± 6.38 in whole blood. We assessed the ability of r-Rub to initiate apoptosis in three human cancer cell lines. Cultures of SK-Mel-28, HeLA, and T24 cells were grown for 24 h with 2.5 μM r-Rub followed by Hoechst staining. Chromatin fragmentation was observed in treated SK-Mel-28, but not in T24 or HeLA cells. A TUNEL assay revealed that 51.55% ± 5.28 of SK-Mel-28 cells were apoptotic after 18 h of treatment with 3.5 μM of r-Rub. Cell migration and proliferation assays were performed in order to further characterize the biological effects of r-Rub on SK-Mel-28 cells. At 3 μM, r-Rub inhibited cell migration by 44.4% ± 0.5, while at 3.5 μM it was able to inhibit cell proliferation by 83% ± 6.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton M Carey
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, DH 254, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
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