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Bautista-Perez SM, Silva-Islas CA, Sandoval-Marquez OU, Toledo-Toledo J, Bello-Martínez JM, Barrera-Oviedo D, Maldonado PD. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic in Ischemic Stroke: Proposal of a New Mechanism of Protection through Regulation of Neuroplasticity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2126. [PMID: 38136245 PMCID: PMC10740829 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of death and disability in the world; despite this, pharmacological therapies against stroke remain insufficient. Ischemic stroke is the leading etiology of stroke. Different molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, participate in cell death and tissue damage. At a preclinical level, different garlic compounds have been evaluated against these mechanisms. Additionally, there is evidence supporting the participation of garlic compounds in other mechanisms that contribute to brain tissue recovery, such as neuroplasticity. After ischemia, neuroplasticity is activated to recover cognitive and motor function. Some garlic-derived compounds and preparations have shown the ability to promote neuroplasticity under physiological conditions and, more importantly, in cerebral damage models. This work describes damage/repair mechanisms and the importance of garlic as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents against damage. Moreover, we examine the less-explored neurotrophic properties of garlic, culminating in proposals and observations based on our review of the available information. The aim of the present study is to propose that garlic compounds and preparations could contribute to the treatment of ischemic stroke through their neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Monserrat Bautista-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Carlos Alfredo Silva-Islas
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Oscar Uriel Sandoval-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Jesús Toledo-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de Zona #30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 08300, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Bello-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Departamento Cirugía General, Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11600, Mexico
| | - Diana Barrera-Oviedo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
| | - Perla D. Maldonado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
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Gavilán J, Mardones C, Oyarce G, Triviño S, Espinoza-Rubilar N, Ramírez-Molina O, Pérez C, Becerra J, Varas P, Duran-Arcos R, Muñoz-Montesino C, Moraga-Cid G, Yévenes GE, Fuentealba J. Elephant Black Garlic's Beneficial Properties for Hippocampal Neuronal Network, Chemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation. Foods 2023; 12:3968. [PMID: 37959086 PMCID: PMC10650549 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic has been used for decades as an important food and additionally for its beneficial properties in terms of nutrition and ancestral therapeutics. In this work, we compare the properties of fresh (WG) and aged (BG) extract obtained from elephant garlic, harvested on Chiloe Island, Chile. BG was prepared from WG with a 20-day aging process under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. We observed that in BG, compounds such as diallyl disulfide decrease, and compounds of interest such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (69%), diallyl sulfide (17%), 3H-1,2-Dithiole (22%) and 4-Methyl-1,2,3-trithiolane (16%) were shown to be increased. Using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, BG: 51 ± 5.7%, WG: 12 ± 2.6%) and 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonate) diammonium salt (ABTS, BG: 69.4 ± 2.3%, WG: 21 ± 3.9%) assays, we observed that BG possesses significantly higher antioxidant activity than WG and increased cell viability in hippocampal slices (41 ± 9%). The effects of WG and BG were shown to improve the neuronal function through an increased in intracellular calcium transients (189 ± 4%). In parallel, BG induced an increase in synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV-2; 75 ± 12%) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; 32 ± 12%) levels. Thus, our study provides the initial scientific bases to foster the use of BG from Chiloe Island as a functional food containing a mixture of bioactive compounds that may contribute to brain health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Gavilán
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (J.G.); (N.E.-R.); (O.R.-M.); (R.D.-A.); (C.M.-M.); (G.M.-C.)
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile;
| | - Gabriela Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Quimica de Productos Naturales, Facultas de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (G.O.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Sergio Triviño
- Laboratorio de Quimica de Productos Naturales, Facultas de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (G.O.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Nicole Espinoza-Rubilar
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (J.G.); (N.E.-R.); (O.R.-M.); (R.D.-A.); (C.M.-M.); (G.M.-C.)
| | - Oscar Ramírez-Molina
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (J.G.); (N.E.-R.); (O.R.-M.); (R.D.-A.); (C.M.-M.); (G.M.-C.)
| | - Claudia Pérez
- Laboratorio de Quimica de Productos Naturales, Facultas de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (G.O.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (J.B.)
| | - José Becerra
- Laboratorio de Quimica de Productos Naturales, Facultas de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (G.O.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Robinson Duran-Arcos
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (J.G.); (N.E.-R.); (O.R.-M.); (R.D.-A.); (C.M.-M.); (G.M.-C.)
| | - Carola Muñoz-Montesino
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (J.G.); (N.E.-R.); (O.R.-M.); (R.D.-A.); (C.M.-M.); (G.M.-C.)
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (J.G.); (N.E.-R.); (O.R.-M.); (R.D.-A.); (C.M.-M.); (G.M.-C.)
| | - Gonzalo E. Yévenes
- MinusPain, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (J.G.); (N.E.-R.); (O.R.-M.); (R.D.-A.); (C.M.-M.); (G.M.-C.)
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Sanie-Jahromi F, Zia Z, Afarid M. A review on the effect of garlic on diabetes, BDNF, and VEGF as a potential treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Chin Med 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36803536 PMCID: PMC9936729 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic is one of the favorite herbs in traditional medicine that has been reported to have many medicinal features. The aim of the current study is to review the latest documents on the effect of garlic on diabetes, VEGF, and BDNF and, finally, to review the existing studies on the effect of garlic on diabetic retinopathy. MAIN TEXT The therapeutic effect of garlic on diabetes has been investigated in various studies. Diabetes, especially in advanced stages, is associated with complications such as diabetic retinopathy, which is caused by the alteration in the expression of molecular factors involved in angiogenesis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation in the retina. There are different in-vitro and in-vivo reports on the effect of garlic on each of these processes. Considering the present concept, we extracted the most related English articles from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus English databases from 1980 to 2022. All in-vitro and animal studies, clinical trials, research studies, and review articles in this area were assessed and classified. RESULT AND CONCLUSION According to previous studies, garlic has been confirmed to have beneficial antidiabetic, antiangiogenesis, and neuroprotective effects. Along with the available clinical evidence, it seems that garlic can be suggested as a complementary treatment option alongside common treatments for patients with diabetic retinopathy. However, more detailed clinical studies are needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zia
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Afarid
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
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Huang L, Liu Z, Wang J, Fu J, Jia Y, Ji L, Wang T. Bioactivity and health effects of garlic essential oil: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Zhenxin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Jiaolong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Yonglu Jia
- Department of Stomotology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Lilian Ji
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Taoyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
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Biological Functions of Diallyl Disulfide, a Garlic-Derived Natural Organic Sulfur Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5103626. [PMID: 34745287 PMCID: PMC8570849 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is widely accepted as a functional food and an excellent source of pharmacologically active ingredients. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major bioactive component of garlic, has several beneficial biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. This review systematically evaluated the biological functions of DADS and discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms of these functions. We hope that this review provides guidance and insight into the current literature and enables future research and the development of DADS for intervention and treatment of multiple diseases.
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He H, Ma Y, Huang H, Huang C, Chen Z, Chen D, Gu Y, Wang X, Chen J. A comprehensive understanding about the pharmacological effect of diallyl disulfide other than its anti-carcinogenic activities. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173803. [PMID: 33359648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an oil-soluble sulfur compound that is responsible for the biological effects of garlic, displays numerous biological activities, among which its anti-cancer activities are the most famous ones. In recent years, the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities have attracted numerous attentions. For example, it has been reported that DADS can prevent the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response and depression-like behaviors in mice. In the cardiovascular system, DADS administration was found to ameliorate the isoproterenol- or streptozotocin-induced cardiac dysfunction via the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. DADS administration can also produce neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and protect the heart, endothelium, liver, lung, and kidney against cellular or tissue damages induced by various toxic factors, such as the oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethanol, acetaminophen, Cis-Diammine Dichloroplatinum (CisPt), and gentamicin. The major mechanisms of action of DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment include inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Mechanisms, including the activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase A (PKA), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB) and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), can also mediate the cellular protective effects of DADS in different tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities, aiming to reveal more possibilities for DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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De Greef D, Barton EM, Sandberg EN, Croley CR, Pumarol J, Wong TL, Das N, Bishayee A. Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:219-264. [PMID: 33301861 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables of the Allium genus, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.), onions, shallots, leaks, and chives, have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes. Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor, laxative, diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal agent. Specifically, garlic's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt. Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol, sugar and lipids. The processing and aging of garlic result in the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products. These sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, impact various stages of carcinogenesis. The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability, inhibiting angiogenesis, enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties, and regulating cell proliferation. All these effects of garlic's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers. The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived products and bioactive organosulfur compounds as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed. Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Barton
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Elise N Sandberg
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | | | - Joshua Pumarol
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799 155, Tripura, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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8
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Liao Y, Bae HJ, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Koo B, Jung IH, Kim HM, Park JH, Lew JH, Ryu JH. The Ameliorating Effects of Bee Pollen on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:379-388. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yubeen Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Bokyung Koo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | | | - Jong Hun Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jae Hwan Lew
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
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9
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Lee HJ, Lim SM, Ko DB, Jeong JJ, Hwang YH, Kim DH. Soyasapogenol B and Genistein Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice by the Modulation of NF-κB-Mediated BDNF Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6877-6885. [PMID: 28771341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum C29-fermented defatted soybean (FDS), which contains soyasaponins such as soyasaponin I (SI) and soyasapogenol B (SB) and isoflavones such as genistin (GE) and genistein (GT), attenuated memory impairment in mice. Moreover, in the preliminary study, FDS and its soyasaponins and isoflavones significantly inhibited NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated microglial BV2 cells. Therefore, we examined the effects of FDS and its constituents SI, SB, GT, and GE on LPS-induced memory impairment in mice. Oral administration of FDS (80 mg/kg), which has higher concentrations of SB and GE than DS, recovered LPS-impaired cognitive function in Y-maze (55.1 ± 3.5%) and passive avoidance tasks (50.9 ± 19.2 s) to 129.2% (74.1 ± 3.5%) and 114.2% (290.0 ± 22.4 s) of normal mice, respectively (P < 0.05). SB and GE (10 μM) also more potently attenuated LPS-impaired cognitive behavior than SI and GT, respectively. SB (10 mg/kg) was the most effective: treatment recovered LPS-impaired spontaneous alternation and latency time to 105.7% and 126.8% of normal control mice, respectively (P < 0.05). SB and GE significantly increased BDNF expression and CREB phosphorylation in LPS-treated mice and corticosterone-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, SB and GE (10 μM) also significantly inhibited NF-κB activation in LPS-treated mice. These findings suggested that FDS and its constituent soyasaponins and isoflavones may attenuate memory impairment by the regulation of NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ji Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Da-Bin Ko
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yun-Ha Hwang
- DongWha Pharm Research Institute , 35-71, Topsil-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Shi, Gyeonggi 446-902 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Zeng Y, Li Y, Yang J, Pu X, Du J, Yang X, Yang T, Yang S. Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9402849. [PMID: 28261311 PMCID: PMC5316450 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9402849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Functional components in alliums have long been maintained to play a key role in modifying the major risk factors for chronic disease. To obtain a better understanding of alliums for chronic disease prevention, we conducted a systematic review for risk factors and prevention strategies for chronic disease of functional components in alliums, based on a comprehensive English literature search that was conducted using various electronic search databases, especially the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2007-2016. Allium genus especially garlic, onion, and Chinese chive is rich in organosulfur compounds, quercetin, flavonoids, saponins, and others, which have anticancer, preventive cardiovascular and heart diseases, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, antidiabetes, antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, neuroprotective and immunological effects, and so on. These results support Allium genus; garlic and onion especially may be the promising dietotherapeutic vegetables and organopolysulfides as well as quercetin mechanism in the treatment of chronic diseases. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of functional food, nutraceuticals, and alternative drugs to improve the chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College, Yunnan, Yuxi 653106, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
- Kunming Tiankang Science & Technology Limited Company, Yunnan, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Juan Du
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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Jung HY, Lee KY, Yoo DY, Kim JW, Yoo M, Lee S, Yoo KY, Yoon YS, Choi JH, Hwang IK. Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:431. [PMID: 27809818 PMCID: PMC5094052 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In the present study, we investigated the effects of oil products from two Allium species: Allium sativum (garlic) and Allium hookeri (Chinese chives) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus. Methods Using corn oil as a vehicle, the essential oil from garlic (10 ml/kg), or Chinese chives (10 ml/kg) was administered orally to 9-week-old mice once a day for 3 weeks. One hour following the last treatment, a novel object recognition test was conducted and the animals were killed 2 h after the test. Results In comparison to the vehicle-treated group, garlic essential oil (GO) treatment resulted in significantly increased exploration time and discrimination index during the novel object recognition test, while Chinese chives essential oil (CO) reduced the exploration time and discrimination index in the same test. In addition, the number of Ki67-immunoreactive proliferating cells and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of GO-treated animals. However, administration of CO significantly decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Administration of GO significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampal homogenates. In contrast, administration of CO decreased BDNF protein levels and had no significant effect on AChE activity, compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. Conclusions These results suggest that GO significantly improves novel object recognition as well as increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by modulating hippocampal BDNF protein levels and AChE activity, while CO impairs novel object recognition and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by reducing BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus.
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Yi JH, Beak SJ, Lee S, Jung JW, Kim BC, Ryu JH, Kim DH. Danggui-Jakyak-San enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation through the ERK/CREB/BDNF cascade. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:481-489. [PMID: 26453932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui-Jakyak-San (DJS), a traditional herbal prescription, has long been used to treat gerontological disorders due to insufficient blood supply. AIM OF THE STUDY Previously, we reported that DJS increased hippocampal neurogenesis and enhanced learning and memory. However, the precise mechanism of DJS and its effects on learning and memory are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of DJS on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular mechanism thought to underlie learning and memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS To understand the effect of DJS on LTP, we used acute mouse hippocampal slices and delivered one train of high frequency stimulation (100 Hz, 100 pulses). Western blots were used to analyze the changes in protein levels induced by DJS. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the effect of DJS on spatial long-term memory. RESULTS DJS enhanced LTP in the Schaffer-collateral pathway of the hippocampus in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were activated by DJS. Moreover, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) was also increased by DJS. Blockade of ERK1/2 activation with PD198306 blocked the DJS-induced activation of the ERK1/2/CREB/BDNF cascade and LTP enhancement. In vivo, DJS improved spatial long-term memory and upregulated the hippocampal CREB/BDNF cascade. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DJS enhances hippocampal LTP and spatial memory through the ERK/CREB/BDNF cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Soo Ji Beak
- Chonnam-Bristol Frontier Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Jebong-ro, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Science, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Kyungsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Chonnam-Bristol Frontier Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Jebong-ro, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
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