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Kang B, Wang J, Guo S, Yang L. Mercury-induced toxicity: Mechanisms, molecular pathways, and gene regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173577. [PMID: 38852866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a well-known neurotoxicant for humans and wildlife. The epidemic of mercury poisoning in Japan has clearly demonstrated that chronic exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) results in serious neurological damage to the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, leading to the dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), especially in infants exposed to MeHg in utero. The occurrences of poisoning have caused a wide public concern regarding the health risk emanating from MeHg exposure; particularly those eating large amounts of fish may experience the low-level and long-term exposure. There is growing evidence that MeHg at environmentally relevant concentrations can affect the health of biota in the ecosystem. Although extensive in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the disruption of redox homeostasis and microtube assembly is mainly responsible for mercurial toxicity leading to adverse health outcomes, it is still unclear whether we could quantitively determine the occurrence of interaction between mercurial and thiols and/or selenols groups of proteins linked directly to outcomes, especially at very low levels of exposure. Furthermore, intracellular calcium homeostasis, cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter release, and DNA methylation may be the targets of mercury compounds; however, the primary targets associated with the adverse outcomes remain to be elucidated. Considering these knowledge gaps, in this article, we conducted a comprehensive review of mercurial toxicity, focusing mainly on the mechanism, and genes/proteins expression. We speculated that comprehensive analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could enhance interpretation of "omics" profiles, which may reveal specific biomarkers obviously correlated with specific pathways that mediate selective neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China.
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2
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Abdelgawad IY, George B, Grant MKO, Huang Y, Shan Y, Huang RS, Zordoky BN. Sex-related differences in delayed doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1191-1208. [PMID: 38244039 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer survivors may experience long-term cardiovascular complications due to chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). The exact mechanism of delayed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. Sex is an important risk factor for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In the current study, we identified sex differences in delayed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and determined the underlying molecular determinants of the observed sexual dimorphism. Five-week-old male and female mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of DOX (4 mg/kg/week) or saline for 6 weeks. Echocardiography was performed 5 weeks after the last dose of DOX to evaluate cardiac function. Thereafter, mice were sacrificed and gene expression of markers of apoptosis, senescence, and inflammation was measured by PCR in hearts and livers. Proteomic profiling of the heart from both sexes was conducted to determine differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Only DOX-treated male, but not female, mice demonstrated cardiac dysfunction, cardiac atrophy, and upregulated cardiac expression of Nppb and Myh7. No sex-related differences were observed in DOX-induced expression of most apoptotic, senescence, and pro-inflammatory markers. However, the gene expression of Trp53 was significantly reduced in hearts of DOX-treated female mice only. The anti-inflammatory marker Il-10 was significantly reduced in hearts of DOX-treated male mice only, while the pro-inflammatory marker Il-1α was significantly reduced in livers of DOX-treated female mice only. Gene expression of Tnf-α was reduced in hearts of both DOX-treated male and female mice. Proteomic analysis identified several DEPs after DOX treatment in a sex-specific manner, including anti-inflammatory acute phase proteins. This is the first study to assess sex-specific proteomic changes in a mouse model of delayed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Our proteomic analysis identified several sexually dimorphic DEPs, many of which are associated with the anti-inflammatory marker Il-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Abdelgawad
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benu George
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Marianne K O Grant
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yingbo Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuting Shan
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Beshay N Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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3
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Rupa SA, Patwary MAM, Matin MM, Ghann WE, Uddin J, Kazi M. Interaction of mercury species with proteins: towards possible mechanism of mercurial toxicology. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:355-368. [PMID: 37397928 PMCID: PMC10311172 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature of the binding of mercurials (organic and inorganic) and their subsequent transformations in biological systems is a matter of great debate as several different hypotheses have been proposed and none of them has been conclusively proven to explain the characteristics of Hg binding with the proteins. Thus, the chemical nature of Hg-protein binding through the possible transportation mechanism in living tissues is critically reviewed herein. Emphasis is given to the process of transportation, and binding of Hg species with selenol-containing biomolecules that are appealing for toxicological studies as well as the advancement of environmental and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William Emmanuel Ghann
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. BOX-2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mercury Induced Tissue Damage, Redox Metabolism, Ion Transport, Apoptosis, and Intestinal Microbiota Change in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Application of Multi-Omics Analysis in Risk Assessment of Hg. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101944. [PMID: 36290667 PMCID: PMC9598479 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most toxic elements, mercury (Hg) is a widespread toxicant in aquatic environments. Crayfish are considered suitable for indicating the impact of heavy metals on aquatic crustaceans. Nevertheless, Hg toxicity on Procambarus clarkii is largely unknown. In this research, the acute Hg-induced alterations of biochemical responses, histopathology, hepatopancreatic transcriptome, and intestinal microbiome of Procambarus clarkii were studied. Firstly, Hg induced significant changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) content as well as antioxidant enzyme activity. Secondly, Hg exposure caused structural damage to the hepatopancreas (e.g., vacuolization of the epithelium and dilatation of the lumen) as well as to the intestines (e.g., dysregulation of lamina epithelialises and extension of lamina proprias). Thirdly, after treatment with three different concentrations of Hg, RNA-seq assays of the hepatopancreas revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to a specific function. Among the DEGs, a lot of redox metabolism- (e.g., ACOX3, SMOX, GPX3, GLO1, and P4HA1), ion transport- (e.g., MICU3, MCTP, PYX, STEAP3, and SLC30A2), drug metabolism- (e.g., HSP70, HSP90A, CYP2L1, and CYP9E2), immune response- (e.g., SMAD4, HDAC1, and DUOX), and apoptosis-related genes (e.g., CTSL, CASP7, and BIRC2) were identified, which suggests that Hg exposure may perturb the redox equilibrium, disrupt the ion homeostasis, weaken immune response and ability, and cause apoptosis. Fourthly, bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that Hg exposure decreased bacterial diversity and dysregulated intestinal microbiome composition. At the phylum level, there was a marked decrease in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes after exposure to high levels of Hg. With regards to genus, abundances of Bacteroides, Dysgonomonas, and Arcobacter were markedly dysregulated after Hg exposures. Our findings elucidate the mechanisms involved in Hg-mediated toxicity in aquatic crustaceans at the tissue, cellular, molecular as well as microbial levels.
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Liu X, Zhang D, Wu X, Tu J, Gong C, Li Y, Cui W, Chen J, Lu S. Urinary metals as influencing factors of coronary heart disease among a population in Guangzhou, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113746. [PMID: 35689886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is highly sensitive to toxic metal exposure and trace element dysregulation. However, previous findings relating to metal exposure and coronary heart disease (CHD) have partially been conflicting and difficult to exhibit the combined effect of metal mixtures. This case-control study investigated urinary concentrations of ten metal/metalloids among clinically-diagnosed CHD patients and healthy adults during May to December 2021 in Guangzhou, China. We found that cadmium (Cd) status in urine from CHD patients was remarkably higher than its reference, while chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) concentrations were lower (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that urinary arsenic (As) and Se were highly correlated (rs=0.830, p < 0.001), indicating their similar sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited denser distribution of Cd-Sn in cases than in controls. Logistic regression analysis exhibited significant associations between urinary Cd (adjusted OR: 1.965, 95% CI: 1.222-3.162), Se (0.787, 95% CI: 0.695-0.893), Ni (0.493, 95% CI: 0.265-0.916) and CHD risk. Quantile g-computation showed negative joint effect of metal mixtures on CHD (adjusted OR: 0.383, 95% CI: 0.159-0.932) (p < 0.05), suggesting the need for supplementing essential trace elements. The negative partial effect was primarily attributed to Se and Ni, while positive partial effect was mainly due to tin (Sn) and Cd. Nevertheless, we also found a quantile increase of Cd-Sn level was negatively correlated with 8.26% (95% CI: 3.44-13.08%) decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), and 71.2% of the joint effect attributed to Cd. Based on random forest, Se, Cd and Ni were found to be the dominant influencing factors of CHD. The role of Ni in CHD is yet to be uncovered, while excessive Cd exposure and low Se status among CHD patients need to be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiazichao Tu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Caiping Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenhao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Hamers A, Primus CP, Whitear C, Kumar NA, Masucci M, Montalvo Moreira SA, Rathod K, Chen J, Bubb K, Colas R, Khambata RS, Dalli J, Ahluwalia A. 20-HETE is a pivotal endogenous ligand for TRPV1-mediated neurogenic inflammation in the skin. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1450-1469. [PMID: 34755897 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is localised to sensory C-fibres and its opening leads to membrane depolarization, resulting in neuropeptide release and neurogenic inflammation. However, the identity of the endogenous activator of TRPV1 in this setting is unknown. The arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoyl acid (12-HpETE) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) have emerged as potential endogenous activators of TRPV1 however, whether these lipids underlie TRPV1-mediated neurogenic inflammation remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH we analysed human cantharidin-induced blister samples and inflammatory responses in TRPV1 transgenic mice. KEY RESULTS In a human cantharidin-blister model the potent TRPV1 activators 20-HETE but not 12-HETE (stable metabolite of 12-HpETE) correlated with AA levels. Similarly, in mice levels of 20-HETE (but not 12-HETE) and AA were strongly positively correlated within the inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, LPS-induced oedema formation and neutrophil recruitment were substantially and significantly attenuated by pharmacological block or genetic deletion of TRPV1 channels, inhibition of 20-HETE formation or SP receptor neurokinin 1 (NK1 ) blockade. LPS treatment also increased cytochrome-P450 ώ-hydroxylase gene expression, the enzyme responsible for 20-HETE production. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that endogenously generated 20-HETE activates TRPV1 causing C-fibre activation and consequent oedema formation. These findings identify a novel pathway that may be useful in the therapeutics of diseases/conditions characterized by a prominent neurogenic inflammation, as in several skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hamers
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Christopher P Primus
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Charlotte Whitear
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Nitin Ajit Kumar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Michael Masucci
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Shanik A Montalvo Moreira
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Krishnaraj Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Jianmin Chen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Kristen Bubb
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Romain Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
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CYP1B1 as a therapeutic target in cardio-oncology. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2897-2927. [PMID: 33185690 PMCID: PMC7672255 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications have been frequently reported in cancer patients and survivors, mainly because of various cardiotoxic cancer treatments. Despite the known cardiovascular toxic effects of these treatments, they are still clinically used because of their effectiveness as anti-cancer agents. In this review, we discuss the growing body of evidence suggesting that inhibition of the cytochrome P450 1B1 enzyme (CYP1B1) can be a promising therapeutic strategy that has the potential to prevent cancer treatment-induced cardiovascular complications without reducing their anti-cancer effects. CYP1B1 is an extrahepatic enzyme that is expressed in cardiovascular tissues and overexpressed in different types of cancers. A growing body of evidence is demonstrating a detrimental role of CYP1B1 in both cardiovascular diseases and cancer, via perturbed metabolism of endogenous compounds, production of carcinogenic metabolites, DNA adduct formation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to induce CYP1B1 in cardiovascular and cancer cells, possibly via activating the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), ROS generation, and inflammatory cytokines. Induction of CYP1B1 is detrimental in many ways. First, it can induce or exacerbate cancer treatment-induced cardiovascular complications. Second, it may lead to significant chemo/radio-resistance, undermining both the safety and effectiveness of cancer treatments. Therefore, numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that inhibition of CYP1B1 protects against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and prevents chemo- and radio-resistance. Most of these studies have utilized phytochemicals to inhibit CYP1B1. Since phytochemicals have multiple targets, future studies are needed to discern the specific contribution of CYP1B1 to the cardioprotective and chemo/radio-sensitizing effects of these phytochemicals.
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Nie Y, Xu SF, Lu YL, Zhao XR, Li C, Wei LX, Liu J. Zuotai (β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei Zhen-Zhu-Wan differs from mercury chloride and methylmercury on hepatic cytochrome P450 in mice. F1000Res 2021; 10:203. [PMID: 34249337 PMCID: PMC8240600 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.40667.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Zuotai (mainly β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei-Zhen-Zhu-Wan (70W, Rannasangpei) is a famous Tibetan medicine for treating cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. We have shown that 70W protected against CCl 4 hepatotoxicity. CCl 4 is metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) to produce reactive metabolites. Whether 70W has any effect on CYPs is unknown and such effects should be compared with mercury compounds for safety evaluation. Methods: Mice were given clinical doses of 70W (0.15-1.5 g/kg, po), Zuotai (30 mg/kg, po), and compared to HgCl 2 (33.6 mg/kg, po) and MeHg (3.1 mg/kg, po) for seven days. Liver RNA and protein were isolated for qPCR and Western-blot analysis. Results: 70W and Zuotai had no effects on hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1, and corresponding nuclear receptors [aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα); farnesoid X receptor (FXR)]. In comparison, HgCl 2 and MeHg increased mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1 except for Cyp3a11, and corresponding nuclear receptors except for PXR. Western-blot confirmed mRNA results, showing increases in CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2E1, CYP4A and CYP7A1 by HgCl 2 and MeHg only, and all treatments had no effects on CYP3A. Conclusions: Zuotai and Zuotai-containing 70W at clinical doses had minimal influence on hepatic CYPs and corresponding nuclear receptors, while HgCl 2 and MeHg produced significant effects. Thus, the use of total Hg content to evaluate the safety of HgS-containing 70W is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nie
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
- Research Lab, Zunyi Blood Center, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Shang-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Yan-Liu Lu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Cen Li
- Key Lab of Tibetan Medicine, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Key Lab of Tibetan Medicine, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
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Nie Y, Xu SF, Lu YL, Zhao XR, Li C, Wei LX, Liu J. Zuotai (β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei Zhen-Zhu-Wan differs from mercury chloride and methylmercury on hepatic cytochrome P450 in mice. F1000Res 2021; 10:203. [PMID: 34249337 PMCID: PMC8240600 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.40667.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Zuotai (mainly β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei-Zhen-Zhu-Wan (70W, Rannasangpei) is a famous Tibetan medicine for treating cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. We have shown that 70W protected against CCl 4 hepatotoxicity. CCl 4 is metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) to produce reactive metabolites. Whether 70W has any effect on CYPs is unknown and such effects should be compared with mercury compounds for safety evaluation. Methods: Mice were given clinical doses of 70W (0.15-1.5 g/kg, po), Zuotai (30 mg/kg, po), and compared to HgCl 2 (33.6 mg/kg, po) and MeHg (3.1 mg/kg, po) for seven days. Liver RNA and protein were isolated for qPCR and Western-blot analysis. Results: 70W and Zuotai had no effects on hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1, and corresponding nuclear receptors [aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα); farnesoid X receptor (FXR)]. In comparison, HgCl 2 and MeHg increased mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1 except for Cyp3a11, and corresponding nuclear receptors except for PXR. Western-blot confirmed mRNA results, showing increases in CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2E1, CYP4A and CYP7A1 by HgCl 2 and MeHg only, and all treatments had no effects on CYP3A. Conclusions: Zuotai and Zuotai-containing 70W at clinical doses had minimal influence on hepatic CYPs and corresponding nuclear receptors, while HgCl 2 and MeHg produced significant effects. Thus, the use of total Hg content to evaluate the safety of HgS-containing 70W is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nie
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
- Research Lab, Zunyi Blood Center, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Shang-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Yan-Liu Lu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Cen Li
- Key Lab of Tibetan Medicine, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Key Lab of Tibetan Medicine, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
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10
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Li Y, Cui J, Jia J. The Activation of Procarcinogens by CYP1A1/1B1 and Related Chemo-Preventive Agents: A Review. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:21-54. [PMID: 33023449 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201006143419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are extrahepatic P450 family members involved in the metabolism of procarcinogens, such as PAHs, heterocyclic amines and halogen-containing organic compounds. CYP1A1/1B1 also participate in the metabolism of endogenous 17-β-estradiol, producing estradiol hydroquinones, which are the intermediates of carcinogenic semiquinones and quinones. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins share approximately half amino acid sequence identity but differ in crystal structures. As a result, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 have different substrate specificity to chemical procarcinogens. This review will introduce the general molecular biology knowledge of CYP1A1/1B1 and the metabolic processes of procarcinogens regulated by these two enzymes. Over the last four decades, a variety of natural products and synthetic compounds which interact with CYP1A1/1B1 have been identified as effective chemo-preventive agents against chemical carcinogenesis. These compounds are mainly classified as indirect or direct CYP1A1/1B1 inhibitors based on their distinct mechanisms. Indirect CYP1A1/1B1 inhibitors generally impede the transcription and translation of CYP1A1/1B1 genes or interfere with the translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) from the cytosolic domain to the nucleus. On the other hand, direct inhibitors inhibit the catalytic activities of CYP1A1/1B1. Based on the structural features, the indirect inhibitors can be categorized into the following groups: flavonoids, alkaloids and synthetic aromatics, whereas the direct inhibitors can be categorized into flavonoids, coumarins, stilbenes, sulfur containing isothiocyanates and synthetic aromatics. This review will summarize the in vitro and in vivo activities of these chemo-preventive agents, their working mechanisms, and related SARs. This will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of CYP1 mediated carcinogenesis and will also give great implications for the discovery of novel chemo-preventive agents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubei Li
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Dai Y, Dai C, Sun T. Inflammatory mediators of proliferative vitreoretinopathy: hypothesis and review. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1587-1601. [PMID: 32103371 PMCID: PMC7242233 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To review the role of inflammatory mediators in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development and the current treatment for PVR prevention. Methods A PubMed search was carried out using these keywords “PVR,” “inflammatory mediators,” “growth factors,” “cytokines” and “treatment.” Studies regarding inflammatory mediators and PVR therapy were included and published up to December 2019. Results Inflammatory mediators, namely growth factors and cytokines, have been implicated in the occurrence and development of PVR. Among various inflammatory mediators, transforming growth factor-β, platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are considered to be particularly important. In this review, we focus on the hypothesis that growth factors and cytokines are involved in the development of PVR, and current treatment for the prevention of PVR. Conclusion We support the hypothesis that growth factors and cytokines may participate in the complex process of PVR development. More importantly, the identification of inflammatory mediators provides novel and efficacious therapeutic targets for the treatment of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 10, Nancheng River Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenghua Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 10, Nancheng River Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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12
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Dietary-Induced Obesity, Hepatic Cytochrome P450, and Lidocaine Metabolism: Comparative Effects of High-Fat Diets in Mice and Rats and Reversibility of Effects With Normalization of Diet. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:1199-1210. [PMID: 31733268 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a high-fat diet on mRNA and protein of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in rats and mice and its impact on lidocaine deethylation to its main active metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), in rats were investigated. The effect of a change in diet from high-fat to standard diet was also evaluated. Plasma biochemistry, mRNA, protein expression for selected CYP, and the activity of lidocaine deethylation were determined. The high-fat diet curtailed the activity and the expression of the majority of CYPs (CYP1A2, CYP3A1, CYP2C11, CYP2C12, and CYP2D1), mRNA levels (Cyp1a2 and Cyp3a2), and MEGX maximal formation rate (Vmax). Mice showed complementary results in their protein expressions of cyp3a and 1a2. Switching the diet back to standard chow in rats for 4 weeks reverted the expression levels of mRNA and protein back to normal levels as well as the maximum formation rates of MEGX. Female and male rodents showed similar patterns in CYP expression and lidocaine metabolism in response to the diets, although MEGX formation was faster in male rats. In conclusion, diet-induced obesity caused general decreases in CYP isoforms not only in rats but also in mice. The effects were shown to be reversible in rats by normalizing the diet.
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Huang Y, Yang K, Liu Y, Bi X, Liu C, Xiong J, Zhang B, Zhao J, Nie L. Inhibition of CYP1B1 ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy induced by uremic toxin. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:393-404. [PMID: 31746392 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the predominant complication and leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have revealed that uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), participate in cardiac hypertrophy. As a heme‑thiolate monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1) is able to metabolize arachidonic acid into hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, which are thought to serve a central function in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. However, whether CYP1B1 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy induced by uremic toxins remains unknown. The present study revealed that the expression of the CYP1B1 gene was significantly (P<0.05, CKD or IS vs. control) upregulated by CKD serum or IS at the transcriptional and translational level. Furthermore, IS treatment resulted in the nuclear translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), an endogenous ligand of IS. Binding of AhR in the promoter region of CYP1B1 was confirmed using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in the cardiomyoblast H9c2 cell line. In addition, knockdown of AhR or CYP1B1 reversed the production of cardiac hypertrophy markers. The in vivo injection of a CYP1B1 inhibitor significantly (P<0.05, Inhibitor vs. control) attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in mice. The data from the present study clearly demonstrated that CYP1B1 was involved in cardiac hypertrophy induced by uremic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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14
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Li L, Zhang QY, Ding X. A CYP2B6-humanized mouse model and its potential applications. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:2-8. [PMID: 29402634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CYP2B6 is a human microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme with broad substrate selectivity. CYP2B6 is the only functional member of the human CYP2B gene subfamily, which differs from the situation in rodents, such as mouse, where multiple functional Cyp2b genes are expressed. Recent studies with Cyp2b knockout or knockdown mouse models have yielded insights into the in vivo roles of mouse CYP2B enzymes in drug disposition and xenobiotic toxicity. A CYP2B6-humanized mouse model (CYP2A13/2B6/2F1-transgenic/Cyp2abfgs-null), which expresses human CYP2B6 in the liver, and human CYP2A13 and CYP2F1 in the respiratory tract, but not any of the mouse Cyp2b genes, has also been established. In the CYP2B6-humanized mouse, the CYP2B6 transgene is expressed primarily in the liver, where it was found to be active toward prototype CYP2B6 substrate drugs. The regulatory elements of the CYP2B6 transgene appear to be compatible with mouse nuclear receptors that mediate CYP2B induction. Therefore, the CYP2B6-humanized mouse is a valuable animal model for studying the impact of CYP2B6 expression or induction on drug metabolism, drug efficacy, drug-drug interaction, and drug/xenobiotic toxicity. In this mini-review, we provide a brief background on CYP2B6 and the Cyp2b-knockout and CYP2B6-humanized mice, and discuss the potential applications and limitations of the current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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15
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Abdussalam A, Elshenawy OH, bin Jardan YA, El-Kadi AO, Brocks DR. The Obesogenic Potency of Various High-Caloric Diet Compositions in Male Rats, and Their Effects on Expression of Liver and Kidney Proteins Involved in Drug Elimination. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1650-1658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Grant MKO, Seelig DM, Sharkey LC, Zordoky BN. Sex-dependent alteration of cardiac cytochrome P450 gene expression by doxorubicin in C57Bl/6 mice. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:1. [PMID: 28078076 PMCID: PMC5219702 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is inconclusive evidence about the role of sex as a risk factor for doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Recent experimental studies have shown that adult female rats are protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the mechanisms of this sexual dimorphism are not fully elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that DOX alters the expression of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the hearts of male rats. Nevertheless, the sex-dependent effect of DOX on the expression of CYP enzymes is still not known. Therefore, in the present study, we determined the effect of acute DOX exposure on the expression of CYP genes in the hearts of both male and female C57Bl/6 mice. METHODS Acute DOX cardiotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg DOX in male and female adult C57Bl/6 mice. Cardiac function was assessed 5 days after DOX exposure by trans-thoracic echocardiography. Mice were euthanized 1 day or 6 days after DOX or saline injection. Thereafter, the hearts were harvested and weighed. Heart sections were evaluated for pathological lesions. Total RNA was extracted and expression of natriuretic peptides, inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and CYP genes was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS Adult female C57Bl/6 mice were protected from acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity as they show milder pathological lesions, less inflammation, and faster recovery from DOX-induced apoptosis and DOX-mediated inhibition of beta-type natriuretic peptide. Acute DOX exposure altered the gene expression of multiple CYP genes in a sex-dependent manner. In 24 h, DOX exposure caused male-specific induction of Cyp1b1 and female-specific induction of Cyp2c29 and Cyp2e1. CONCLUSIONS Acute DOX exposure causes sex-dependent alteration of cardiac CYP gene expression. Since cardiac CYP enzymes metabolize several endogenous compounds to biologically active metabolites, sex-dependent alteration of CYP genes may play a role in the sexual dimorphism of acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne K O Grant
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Davis M Seelig
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Leslie C Sharkey
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Beshay N Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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17
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Mini-review: toxicity of mercury as a consequence of enzyme alteration. Biometals 2016; 29:781-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Xu SF, Wu Q, Zhang BB, Li H, Xu YS, Du YZ, Wei LX, Liu J. Comparison of mercury sulfides with mercury chloride and methylmercury on hepatic P450, phase-2 and transporter gene expression in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 37:37-43. [PMID: 27473830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zuotai (mainly β-HgS) and Zhusha (also called as cinnabar, mainly α-HgS) are used in traditional medicines in combination with herbs or even drugs in the treatment of various disorders, while mercury chloride (HgCl2) and methylmercury (MeHg) do not have known medical values but are highly toxic. This study aimed to compare the effects of mercury sulfides with HgCl2 and MeHg on hepatic drug processing gene expression. Mice were orally administrated with Zuotai (β-HgS, 30mg/kg), α-HgS (HgS, 30mg/kg), HgCl2 (33.6mg/kg), or MeHg (3.1mg/kg) for 7days, and the expression of genes related to phase-1 drug metabolism (P450), phase-2 conjugation, and phase-3 (transporters) genes were examined. The mercurials at the dose and duration used in the study did not have significant effects on the expression of cytochrome P450 1-4 family genes and the corresponding nuclear receptors, except for a slight increase in PPARα and Cyp4a10 by HgCl2. The expressions of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase were increased by HgCl2 and MeHg, but not by Zuotai and HgS. HgCl2 decreased the expression of organic anion transporter (Oatp1a1), but increased Oatp1a4. Both HgCl2 and MeHg increased the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein genes (Mrp1, Mrp2, Mrp3, and Mrp4). Zuotai and HgS had little effects on these transporter genes. In conclusion, Zuotai and HgS are different from HgCl2 and MeHg in hepatic drug processing gene expression; suggesting that chemical forms of mercury not only affect their disposition and toxicity, but also affect their effects on the expression of hepatic drug processing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Xu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Q Wu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - B B Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Y S Xu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Y Z Du
- Northwest Plateau Institute of biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - L X Wei
- Northwest Plateau Institute of biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.
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Wu X, Yang J, Morisseau C, Robertson LW, Hammock B, Lehmler HJ. 3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) Decreases Hepatic and Systemic Ratios of Epoxide to Diol Metabolites of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Male Rats. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:309-22. [PMID: 27208083 PMCID: PMC4960907 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the homeostasis of oxygenated regulatory lipid mediators (oxylipins), potential markers of exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), is associated with a range of diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here we test the hypothesis that PCB 126 exposure alters the levels of oxylipins in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5-weeks old) were treated over a 3-month period every 2 weeks with intraperitoneal injections of PCB 126 in corn oil (cumulative doses of 0, 19.8, 97.8, and 390 µg/kg b.w.; 6 injections total). PCB 126 treatment caused a reduction in growth rates at the highest dose investigated, a dose-dependent decrease in thymus weights, and a dose-dependent increase in liver weights. Liver PCB 126 levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, while levels in plasma were below or close to the detection limit. The ratios of several epoxides to diol metabolites formed via the cytochrome P450 (P450) monooxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway from polyunsaturated fatty acids displayed a dose-dependent decrease in the liver and plasma, whereas levels of oxylipins formed by other metabolic pathways were generally not altered by PCB 126 treatment. The effects of PCB 126 on epoxide-to-diol ratios were associated with an increased CYP1A activity in liver microsomes and an increased sEH activity in liver cytosol and peroxisomes. These results suggest that oxylipins are potential biomarkers of exposure to PCB 126 and that the P450/sEH pathway is a therapeutic target for PCB 126-mediated hepatotoxicity that warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianai Wu
- *Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Larry W Robertson
- *Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- *Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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