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Li C, Cai H, Meng F, Meng F, Tang Z, Tang Y, Chen Y, Cui Y, Li Y. Case report: Lung transplantation for treatment of paraquat intoxication: timing of transplantation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205689. [PMID: 37529697 PMCID: PMC10387547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the optimal timing of lung transplantation and summarize postoperative complications and their management after paraquat poisoning. Methods: Here, we present the clinical course of a 17-year-old boy with paraquat poisoning, in whom bilateral lung transplantation (LT) was performed. We reviewed the eight previously published articles relevant to LT after paraquat poisoning to summarize the therapeutic strategy. Results: A 17-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital after ingestion of 30-50 mL 25% paraquat. Mechanical ventilation was initiated on the 25th day after intoxication. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated on the 26th day. Sequential bilateral LT was performed on the 27th day. Several complex postoperative complications occurred and the patient was discharged on the 50th day postoperatively. Eight case reports were included in the literature review, including 11 patients with paraquat poisoning undergoing LT. Three patients died due to paraquat poisoning leading to fibrosis in the transplanted lungs or postoperative complications. Eight patients survived during follow-up. Conclusion: LT after herbicide poisoning should be planned when hepatorenal function starts to recover, and waiting for complete recovery is unnecessary. Prevention of infection before surgery is important to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection. Complex perioperative complications caused by the herbicide itself or the late timing of transplantation can be successfully managed by a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongfei Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fanjie Meng
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youbin Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hong GL, Tang YH, Li WW, Cao KQ, Tan JP, Hu LF, Chen LW, Zhao GJ, Lu ZQ. Vesicle transport related protein Synaptotagmin-1 mediates paraquat transport to antagonize paraquat toxicity. Toxicology 2022; 472:153180. [PMID: 35430322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, A549/PQ cells with moderate resistance to paraquat (PQ) were obtained by treating A549 cells with PQ, their growth rate was slowed down, the accumulation concentration of PQ and the levels of growth inhibition, injury and early apoptosis induced by PQ were significantly lower than those of parental A549 cells. Microarray screening and RT-qPCR detection found that Synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) expression in drug-resistant cells was significantly increased, and PQ further enhanced its expression. After inhibiting SYT1 expression in A549/PQ cells, cell viability, intracellular PQ concentration and the expression of Bcl-2, SNAP25 and RAB26 were significantly reduced, while the mortality, early apoptosis rate and Bax expression were significantly increased. In vivo experiments also further showed that PQ promoted the expression of SYT1, SNAP25 and RAB26 in PQ-poisoned mice; when inhibiting SYT1 expression, PQ concentration in lung tissues was significantly increased, and the levels of lung injury and apoptosis were also significantly enhanced, while the expression of SNAP25 and RAB26 was significantly reduced. This indicates that PQ poisoning leads to compensatory up-regulation of vesicle transport related proteins such as SYT1 in vivo, thereby promoting PQ transmembrane transport, and then reducing the pulmonary accumulation of PQ and PQ-caused lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Liang Hong
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ya-Hui Tang
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kai-Qiang Cao
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Tan
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lu-Feng Hu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Long-Wang Chen
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guang-Ju Zhao
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Wang X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen X. ADME/T-based strategies for paraquat detoxification: Transporters and enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118137. [PMID: 34536650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic, organic herbicide for which there is no specific antidote. Although banned in some countries, it is still used as an irreplaceable weed killer in others. The lack of understanding of the precise mechanism of its toxicity has hindered the development of treatments for PQ exposure. While toxicity is thought to be related to PQ-induced oxidative stress, antioxidants are limited in their ability to ameliorate the untoward biological responses to this agent. Summarized in this review are data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) of PQ, focusing on the essential roles of individual transporters and enzymes in these processes. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed to design and test specific and effective antidotes for the clinical management of PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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4
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Chen J, Su Y, Lin F, Iqbal M, Mehmood K, Zhang H, Shi D. Effect of paraquat on cytotoxicity involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction: A review of mechanisms and ecological implications. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112711. [PMID: 34455184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a cheap and an effective herbicide, which is widely being used worldwide to remove weeds in cultivated crop fields. However, it can cause soil and water pollution, and pose serious harm to the environment and organisms. Several countries have started to limit or prohibit the use of PQ because of the increasing number of human deaths. Its toxicity can damage the organisms with a multi-target mechanism, which has not been fully understood yet. That is why it is hard to treat as well. The current research on PQ focuses on its targeted organ, the lungs, in which PQ mostly trigger pulmonary fibrosis. While there is a lack of systematic research, there are few studies published discussing its toxic effects at systematic level. This review summarizes the major damages caused by PQ in different organisms and partial mechanisms by which it causes these damages. For this purpose, we consulted several research articles that studied the toxicity of PQ in various tissues. We also listed some drugs that can be used to alleviate the toxicity of PQ. However, at present, the effectiveness of these drugs is still being explored in animal experiments and the study of their mechanism will also help in understanding the poisoning mechanism of PQ, which will ultimately lead to effective treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yalin Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mujahid Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Fransen LFH, Leonard MO. CD34+ derived macrophage and dendritic cells display differential responses to paraquat. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105198. [PMID: 34097952 PMCID: PMC8444090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a redox cycling herbicide known for its acute toxicity in humans. Airway parenchymal cells have been identified as primary sites for PQ accumulation, tissue inflammation and cellular injury. However, the role of immune cells in PQ induced tissue injury is largely unknown. To explore this further, primary cultures of human CD34+ stem cell derived macrophages (MCcd34) and dendritic cells (DCcd34) were established and characterised using RNA-Seq profiling. The impact of PQ on DCcd34 and MCcd34 cytotoxicity revealed increased effect within DCcd34 cultures. PQ toxicity mechanisms were examined using sub-cytotoxic concentrations and TempO-seq transcriptomic assays. Comparable increases for several stress response pathway (NFE2L2, NF-kB and HSF) dependent genes were observed across both cell types. Interestingly, PQ induced unfolded protein response (UPR), p53, Irf and DC maturation genes in DCcd34 but not in MCcd34. Further exploration of the immune modifying potential of PQ was performed using the common allergen house dust mite (HD). Co-treatment of PQ and HD resulted in enhanced inflammatory responses within MCcd34 but not DCcd34. These results demonstrate immune cell type differential responses to PQ, that may underlie aspects of acute toxicity and susceptibility to inflammatory disease. Paraquat induces inflammatory and oxidative events in immune cells. Paraquat prompts selective induction of several pathways in dendritic cells. Paraquat and dust mite co-exposure enhances inflammatory response in macrophages. These results provide insight into paraquat mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie F H Fransen
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK.
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6
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NRF2 and paraquat-induced fatal redox stress. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yu X, Zheng J, Cai T, Wang Z, Zhu G. Testosterone antagonizes paraquat-induced cardiomyocyte senescence via the mIGF-1/SIRT1 signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9849. [PMID: 32901689 PMCID: PMC7485312 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone has been demonstrated to antagonize doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte senescence. However, whether testosterone prevents the paraquat-induced cardiomyocyte senescence is largely unknown. The detection of SA-β-gal activity was performed using senescence β-gal staining kit and the reactive oxygen species levels were determined by reactive oxygen species assay kit. The plasmids for insulin-like growth factor 1 shRNA (sh-mIGF-1), sirtuin-1 shRNA (sh-SIRT1), scramble shRNA (sh-NC), overexpressing mIGF-1 (mIGF-1), overexpressing SIRT1 (SIRT1), and negative controls (NC) were obtained for this study. The expression of target genes was detected using quantitative real-time PCR, immunolabeling, and western blot. We found that testosterone significantly delayed the paraquat-induced HL-1 cardiomyocyte senescence as evidenced by decreasing senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and reactive oxygen species generation, which were accompanied by the up-regulated expression of mIGF-1 and SIRT1. RNA interference to reduce mIGF-1 and SIRT1 expression showed that testosterone prevented paraquat-induced HL-1 senescence via the mIGF-1/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, myocardial contraction was evaluated by expression of genes of the contractile proteins/enzymes, such as α-myosin heavy chain 6 (MHC6), α-myosin heavy chain 7 (MHC7), α-skeletal actin (ACTA-1), and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase-2 (SERCA2). Testosterone adjusted the above four gene expressions and the adjustment was blocked by mIGF-1 or SIRT1 inhibition. Our findings suggested that the mIGF-1/SIRT1 signaling pathway mediated the protective function of testosterone against the HL-1 cardiomyocyte senescence by paraquat, which provided new clues for the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging role of testosterone in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengfei Cai
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abedi F, Hayes AW, Reiter R, Karimi G. Acute lung injury: The therapeutic role of Rho kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104736. [PMID: 32135249 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a pulmonary illness with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Rho GTPase and its downstream effector, Rho kinase (ROCK), have been demonstrated to be involved in cell adhesion, motility, and contraction which can play a role in ALI. The electronic databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to obtain relevant studies regarding the role of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of ALI and the effects of specific Rho kinase inhibitors in prevention and treatment of ALI. Upregulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway causes an increase of inflammation, immune cell migration, apoptosis, coagulation, contraction, and cell adhesion in pulmonary endothelial cells. These effects are involved in endothelium barrier dysfunction and edema, hallmarks of ALI. These effects were significantly reversed by Rho kinase inhibitors. Rho kinase inhibition offers a promising approach in ALI [ARDS] treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Russel Reiter
- University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Clerbaux LA, Paini A, Lumen A, Osman-Ponchet H, Worth AP, Fardel O. Membrane transporter data to support kinetically-informed chemical risk assessment using non-animal methods: Scientific and regulatory perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:659-671. [PMID: 30856453 PMCID: PMC6441651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to low levels of thousands of industrial chemicals, most of which are poorly characterised in terms of their potential toxicity. The new paradigm in chemical risk assessment (CRA) aims to rely on animal-free testing, with kinetics being a key determinant of toxicity when moving from traditional animal studies to integrated in vitro-in silico approaches. In a kinetically informed CRA, membrane transporters, which have been intensively studied during drug development, are an essential piece of information. However, how existing knowledge on transporters gained in the drug field can be applied to CRA is not yet fully understood. This review outlines the opportunities, challenges and existing tools for investigating chemical-transporter interactions in kinetically informed CRA without animal studies. Various environmental chemicals acting as substrates, inhibitors or modulators of transporter activity or expression have been shown to impact TK, just as drugs do. However, because pollutant concentrations are often lower in humans than drugs and because exposure levels and internal chemical doses are not usually known in contrast to drugs, new approaches are required to translate transporter data and reasoning from the drug sector to CRA. Here, the generation of in vitro chemical-transporter interaction data and the development of transporter databases and classification systems trained on chemical datasets (and not only drugs) are proposed. Furtheremore, improving the use of human biomonitoring data to evaluate the in vitro-in silico transporter-related predicted values and developing means to assess uncertainties could also lead to increase confidence of scientists and regulators in animal-free CRA. Finally, a systematic characterisation of the transportome (quantitative monitoring of transporter abundance, activity and maintenance over time) would reinforce confidence in the use of experimental transporter/barrier systems as well as in established cell-based toxicological assays currently used for CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Annie Lumen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environment et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Sultan S, Osborne SA, Addepalli R, Netzel G, Netzel ME, Fletcher MT. Indospicine cytotoxicity and transport in human cell lines. Food Chem 2018; 267:119-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang J, Sun H, Salvi R, Ding D. Paraquat initially damages cochlear support cells leading to anoikis-like hair cell death. Hear Res 2018; 364:129-141. [PMID: 29563067 PMCID: PMC5984146 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), one of the most widely used herbicides, is extremely dangerous because it generates the highly toxic superoxide radical. When paraquat was applied to cochlear organotypic cultures, it not only damaged the outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs), but also caused dislocation of the hair cell rows. We hypothesized that the dislocation arose from damage to the support cells (SCs) that anchors hair cells within the epithelium. To test this hypothesis, rat postnatal cochlear cultures were treated with PQ. Shortly after PQ treatment, the rows of OHCs separated from one another and migrated radially away from IHCs suggesting loss of cell-cell adhesion that hold the hair cells in proper alignment. Hair cells dislocation was associated with extensive loss of SCs in the organ of Corti, loss of tympanic border cells (TBCs) beneath the basilar membrane, the early appearance of superoxide staining and caspase-8 labeling in SCs below the OHCs and disintegration of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the organ of Corti. Damage to the TBCs and SCs occurred prior to loss of OHC or IHC loss suggesting a form of detachment-induced apoptosis referred to as anoikis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Richard Salvi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dalian Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Li F, Tian X, Zhan X, Wang B, Ding M, Pang H. Clathrin-Dependent Uptake of Paraquat into SH-SY5Y Cells and Its Internalization into Different Subcellular Compartments. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:204-217. [PMID: 28303546 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat (PQ) is an exogenous toxin that allows the selective activation of dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalon to induce injury and also causes its apoptosis in vitro. However, uptake mechanisms between PQ and neurons remain elusive. To address this issue, we undertook a study of PQ endocytosis in a dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell line as well as explored the subsequent subcellular location and potential functional analysis of PQ. The PQ was found to bind the SH-SY5Y cell membrane and then became internalized via a clathrin-dependent pathway. PQ was internalized by many subcellular organelles in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the taken up PQ and secretogranin III (SCG3), which became dysregulated with PQ treatment that induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis in our previous study, colocalized in cytoplasmic vesicles. Taken together, our findings indicate that PQ is endocytosed by SH-SY5Y cells and that its multiple, subcellular localizations indicate PQ may potentially be involved in subcellular-level functions. More importantly, PQ distributing preferentially into SCG3-positive vesicles demonstrates its selective targeting which may affect SCG3 and cargoes carried by SCG3-positive vesicles. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that PQ toxic insults may potentially interfere with neurotransmitter storage and transport associated with secretory granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical University, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojie Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Chen T, Wang R, Jiang W, Wang H, Xu A, Lu G, Ren Y, Xu Y, Song Y, Yong S, Ji H, Ma Z. Protective Effect of Astragaloside IV Against Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury in Mice by Suppressing Rho Signaling. Inflammation 2016; 39:483-492. [PMID: 26452991 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of astragaloside IV (AS IV) against paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary injury in vivo. Fifty BALB/C mice were randomized into five groups: (1) control, (2) PQ, (3) PQ + dexamethasone (Dex, 5 mg/kg), (4) PQ + AS IV (50 mg/kg), and (5) PQ + AS IV (100 mg/kg). A single dose of PQ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was intraperitoneally given to induced acute lung injury. Then, mice were treated with AS IV (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized; then, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected for histological observation, biochemical assay, and Western blot analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung tissues, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in BALF were determined. Histological examination indicated that AS IV attenuated lung damage caused by PQ. Biochemical results showed that AS IV treatment significantly reduced the levels of MDA, MPO, and inflammatory cytokines while increased the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px compared with those in PQ group. Western blot results revealed that AS IV attenuated the Txnip/Trx expressions and inhibited Rho/ROCK/nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in PQ-challenged mice. These findings suggested the protective effect of AS IV as a natural product on PQ-induced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenjiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yangmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yangyang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shoulei Yong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhanqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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14
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Hu X, Fan W, Yu Z, Lu Y, Qi J, Zhang J, Dong X, Zhao W, Wu W. Evidence does not support absorption of intact solid lipid nanoparticles via oral delivery. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7024-35. [PMID: 26725649 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07474f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whether and to what extent solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can be absorbed integrally via oral delivery should be clarified because it is the basis for elucidation of absorption mechanisms. To address this topic, the in vivo fate of SLNs as well as their interaction with biomembranes is investigated using water-quenching fluorescent probes that can signal structural variations of lipid-based nanocarriers. Live imaging indicates prolonged retention of SLNs in the stomach, whereas in the intestine, SLNs can be digested quickly. No translocation of intact SLNs to other organs or tissues can be observed. The in situ perfusion study shows bioadhesion of both SLNs and simulated mixed micelles (SMMs) to intestinal mucus, but no evidence of penetration of integral nanocarriers. Both SLNs and SMMs exhibit significant cellular uptake, but fail to penetrate cell monolayers. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that nanocarriers mainly concentrate on the surface of the monolayers, and no evidence of penetration of intact vehicles can be obtained. The mucous layer acts as a barrier to the penetration of both SLNs and SMMs. Both bile salt-decoration and SMM formulation help to strengthen the interaction with biomembranes. It is concluded that evidence does not support absorption of intact SLNs via oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
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15
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Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): a New Sight for Chrysophanol to Treat Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury. Inflammation 2016; 39:928-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) nanogels with tailored properties and their use for biomedical and environmental applications. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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