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Danisman B, Cicek B, Yildirim S, Bolat I, Kantar D, Golokhvast KS, Nikitovic D, Tsatsakis A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A. Carnosic Acid Ameliorates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Rats by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030829. [PMID: 36979808 PMCID: PMC10045571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and indomethacin (IND) are the most commonly prescribed for inflammation or pain. However, widespread use causes several adverse effects, such as gastric ulcers, upper gastric system bleeding, and erosions. Carnosic acid (CA) is an important natural antioxidant found in rosemary (Rosmarinus essentials) and exhibits a protective effect by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CA on IND-induced gastric ulceration. Wistar male rats received CA (100 mg/kg) or esomeprazole (ESP) (20 mg/kg, standard drug) by oral gavage for 14 days, after that gastric ulceration was induced by oral administration of 100 mg/kg IND. CA pretreatment attenuated both gross morphological lesions and histopathological alterations. CA strongly reduced IND-induced oxidative stress, verified by a decrease in MDA (p < 0.001) and TOS levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an IND-dependent increase in CAT (p < 0.001) and GPx (p < 0.01) activities, as well as a reduction in GSH levels (p < 0.01), were ameliorated by CA pretreatment. CA also attenuated inflammatory damage by suppressing IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), and TNFα (p < 0.001) production and increasing Nrf2/HO-1 (p < 0.05) expressions. In conclusion, CA shows a gastroprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress and attenuating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Danisman
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Betul Cicek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kantar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya, Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11000, Turkey
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (A.T.)
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2
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Dardiotis E, Skouras P, Varvarelis OP, Aloizou AM, Hernández AF, Liampas I, Rikos D, Dastamani M, Golokhvast KS, Bogdanos DP, Tsatsakis A, Siokas V, Mitsias PD, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Pesticides and tremor: An overview of association, mechanisms and confounders. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115442. [PMID: 36758916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a heterogeneous class of chemicals mainly used for the protection of crops from pests. Because of their very widespread use, acute or/and chronic exposure to these chemicals can lead to a plethora of sequelae inflicting diseases, many of which involve the nervous system. Tremor has been associated with pesticide exposure in human and animal studies. This review is aimed at assessing the studies currently available on the association between the various types of pesticides/insecticides and tremor, while also accounting for potential confounding factors. To our knowledge, this is the first coherent review on the subject. After appraising the available evidence, we call for more intensive research on this topic, as well as intonate the need of implementing future preventive measures to protect the exposed populations and to reduce potential disabilities and social drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Skouras
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Orfeas-Petros Varvarelis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rikos
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russia, 630501
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panayiotis D Mitsias
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Wang J, Han L, Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang L, Jing J, Gao A. Genus unclassified_Muribaculaceae and microbiota-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid are involved in benzene-induced hematopoietic injury in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137499. [PMID: 36493894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a group I carcinogen determined by IARC. The prevalence of benzene in occupational and general environments increases the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among workers and childhood leukemia. However, the mechanism of hematotoxicity induced by benzene remains unclear. Recently, the gut microbiota has been regarded as a pivotal part of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Therefore, in this study, we explored the function of gut microbiota in hematopoietic injury induced by benzene by 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that benzene exposure caused bone marrow damage, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) dysfunction, and peripheral blood cell reduction. Moreover, intestinal barrier damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis were also observed in benzene-exposed mice. Interestingly, two gut flora, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and unclassified_Muribaculaceae, were significantly up-regulated and associated with hematopoietic indicators, suggesting that gut-host crosstalk might mediate benzene hematotoxicity. Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites, are the primary mediators of the gut-host crosstalk. Therefore, we conducted absolute quantitative metabolomics to investigate the impact of benzene exposure on these metabolites in mice. The results showed that the concentration of SCFA butyrate, tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, and Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) were significantly altered after benzene exposure. However, no difference was found in bile acids. Significant correlations were found between altered metabolites and hematopoietic indicators. We then investigated the flora that derived these metabolites. Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and unclassified_Muribaculaceae were enriched in the butyrate metabolism and tryptophan metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis further suggested that unclassified_Muribaculaceae was positively associated with butyrate (r = 0.588, P < 0.05) and IPA (r = 0.59, P < 0.05). The above results demonstrated that unclassified_Muribaculaceae and microbiota-derived butyrate and IPA were involved in hematopoietic toxicity caused by benzene. This study provides insight into gut microbiota-derived metabolites-host crosstalk in benzene hematopoietic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jiaru Jing
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Cicek B, Hacimuftuoglu A, Kuzucu M, Cetin A, Yeni Y, Genc S, Yildirim S, Bolat I, Kantarci M, Gul M, Hayme S, Matthaios D, Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Tsatsakis A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A. Sorafenib Alleviates Inflammatory Signaling of Tumor Microenvironment in Precancerous Lung Injuries. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:221. [PMID: 37259369 PMCID: PMC9963576 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
According to population-based studies, lung cancer is the prominent reason for cancer-related mortality worldwide in males and is also rising in females at an alarming rate. Sorafenib (SOR), which is approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, is a multitargeted protein kinase inhibitor. Additionally, SOR is the subject of interest for preclinical and clinical trials in lung cancer. This study was designed to assess in vivo the possible effects of sorafenib (SOR) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced lung carcinogenesis and examine its probable mechanisms of action. A total of 30 adult male rats were divided into three groups (1) control, (2) DEN, and (3) DEN + SOR. The chemical induction of lung carcinogenesis was performed by injection of DEN intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg once a week for two weeks. The DEN-administered rats were co-treated with SOR of 10 mg/kg by oral gavage for 42 alternate days. Serum and lung tissue samples were analyzed to determine SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX-2) levels. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were measured in lung tissue supernatants. Lung sections were analyzed for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) histopathologically. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods, respectively. SOR reduced the level of SOX-2 that maintenance of cancer stemness and tumorigenicity, and TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Histopathological analysis demonstrated widespread inflammatory cell infiltration, disorganized alveolar structure, hyperemia in the vessels, and thickened alveolar walls in DEN-induced rats. The damage was markedly reduced upon SOR treatment. Further, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis also revealed increased expression of COX-2 and JNK expression in DEN-intoxicated rats. However, SOR treatment alleviated the expression of these inflammatory markers in DEN-induced lung carcinogenesis. These findings suggested that SOR inhibits DEN-induced lung precancerous lesions through decreased inflammation with concomitant in reduced SOX-2 levels, which enables the maintenance of cancer stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Cicek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kuzucu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cetin
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Sidika Genc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Mecit Kantarci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Serhat Hayme
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | | | - Dimitra P. Vageli
- Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Otololaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Havan, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sotirios G. Doukas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers/Saint Peter’s University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
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Renoprotective Effect of Taxifolin in Paracetamol-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Emerging Evidence from an Animal Model. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030876. [PMID: 36769524 PMCID: PMC9917797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxifolin (TXF) is a flavonoid found abundantly in citrus/onion. Encouraging results on its renoprotective effect have been reported in a limited number of drug-induced nephrotoxicity animal models. The present study aimed to evaluate for the first time the potential renoprotective effects of TXF in a paracetamol (PAR)-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. METHODS Rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 6 animals per group). Group 1 (PAR group, PARG) received PAR diluted in normal saline by gavage (1000 mg/kg). Group 2 (TXF group, TXFG) received TXF diluted in normal saline by gavage (50 mg/kg) one hour after PAR administration. Group 3 (control group, CG) received normal saline. Twenty-four hours after PAR administration, all animals were sacrificed using high-dose anesthesia. Blood samples were collected and kidneys were removed. RESULTS The serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels and serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the PARG. The serum glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione levels were significantly higher in the TXFG. At the same time, the kidneys of the PARG animals demonstrated tubular epithelium swelling, distension and severe vacuolar degeneration. The kidneys of the TXFG animals showed mildly dilated/congested blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS The TXF renoprotective effects are promising in preventing PAR-induced nephrotoxicity, mainly through antioxidant activity, and warrant further testing in future studies.
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Celebi D, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Baser S, Genc S, Yilmaz A, Yeni Y, Yesilyurt F, Yildirim S, Bolat I, Kordali S, Yilmaz F, Hacimuftuoglu A, Celebi O, Margina D, Nitulescu GM, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Effects of boric acid and potassium metaborate on cytokine levels and redox stress parameters in a wound model infected with methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:294. [PMID: 35920188 PMCID: PMC9366158 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are usually found in hospital settings and, frequently, in patients with open wounds. One of the most critical virulence factors affecting the severity and recurrence of infections is the biofilm; increasing antibiotic resistance due to biofilm formation has led to the search for alternative compounds to antibiotics. The present study aimed to use boric acid and potassium metaborate against MRSA infection in a fibroblast wound model. For this purpose, a two-part experiment was designed: First, MRSA strains were used for the test, and both boric acid and potassium metaborate were prepared in microdilution. In the second step, an MRSA wound model was prepared using a fibroblast culture, and treatments with boric acid and potassium metaborate were applied for 24 h. For the evaluation of the effects of treatment, cell viability assay (MTT assay), analysis of redox stress parameters, including total oxidant status and total antioxidant capacity analyses, lactate dehydrogenase analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed. In addition, IL-1β and IL-10 gene expression levels were assayed. According to the results, potassium metaborate was more effective and exhibited a lower toxicity to fibroblast cells compared to boric acid; moreover, potassium metaborate decreased the level of prooxidant species and increased the antioxidant status more effectively than boric acid. The IL-1β level in the bacteria group was high; however, boric acid and potassium metaborate significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory markers, exhibiting the potential to improve the resolution of the lesion. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that boric acid and potassium metaborate may be effective on the tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Sumeyye Baser
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Seyh Edebali University, 11000 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yesilyurt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saban Kordali
- Department of Plant Protection, Fethiye Faculty of Agriculture, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ferah Yilmaz
- Department of Plant Protection, Fethiye Faculty of Agriculture, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Denisa Margina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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New designer phenethylamines 2C-C and 2C-P have abuse potential and induce neurotoxicity in rodents. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1413-1429. [PMID: 33515270 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
2C (2C-x) is the general name for the family of phenethylamines containing two methoxy groups at the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring. The abuse of 2C family drugs has grown rapidly, although the abuse potential and neurotoxic properties of 2C drugs have not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the abuse potential and neurotoxicity of 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine (2C-P). We found that 2C-C and 2C-P produced conditioned place preference in a dose-dependent manner in mice, and increased self-administration in rats, suggesting that 2C-C and 2C-P have abuse potential. To investigate the neurotoxicity of 2C-C and 2C-P, we examined motor performance and memory impairment after high doses of 2C-C and 2C-P. High doses of 2C-C and 2C-P decreased locomotor activity, rota-rod performance, and lower Y-maze test, novel objective recognition test, and passive avoidance test scores. We also observed that 2C-C and 2C-P affected expression levels of the D1 dopamine receptor, D2 dopamine receptor, dopamine transporter, and phospho-dopamine transporter in the nucleus accumbens and the medial prefrontal cortex, and increased c-Fos immuno-positive cells in the nucleus accumbens. Moreover, high doses of 2C-C and 2C-P induced microglial activation, which is involved in the inflammatory reaction in the striatum. These results suggest that 2C-C and 2C-P have abuse potential by affecting dopaminergic signaling and induce neurotoxicity via initiating neuroinflammation at high doses.
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Takano HK, Dayan FE. Glufosinate-ammonium: a review of the current state of knowledge. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3911-3925. [PMID: 32578317 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate is a key herbicide to manage glyphosate-resistant weeds mainly because it is a broad-spectrum herbicide, and transgenic glufosinate-resistant crops are available. Although glufosinate use has increased exponentially over the past decade, the treated area with this herbicide is far less than that with glyphosate. This is because glufosinate often provides inconsistent performance in the field, which is attributed to several factors including environmental conditions, application technology, and weed species. Glufosinate is also highly hydrophilic and does not translocate well in plants, generally providing poor control of grasses and perennial species. In the soil, glufosinate is rapidly degraded by microorganisms, leaving no residual activity. While there have been concerns regarding glufosinate toxicology, its proper use can be considered safe. Glufosinate is a fast-acting herbicide that was first discovered as a natural product, and is the only herbicide presently targeting glutamine synthetase. The mode of action of glufosinate has been controversial, and the causes for the rapid phytotoxicity have often been attributed to ammonia accumulation. Recent studies indicate that the contact activity of glufosinate results from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Glufosinate disrupts both photorespiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis, leading to photoreduction of molecular oxygen, which generates reactive oxygen species. The new understanding of the mode of action provided new ideas to improve the herbicidal activity of glufosinate. Finally, a very few weed species have evolved glufosinate resistance in the field, and the resistance mechanisms are generally not well understood requiring further investigation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson K Takano
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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9
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Zhang Y, Dang Y, Lin X, An K, Li J, Zhang M. Determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in corn using multi-walled carbon nanotubes followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460939. [PMID: 32085912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Glyp) and glufosinate (Gluf) are widely used herbicides around the world, and their effects on human health and detection of levels have drawn increasing attention. The present study was to establish a method to determine the contents of Glyp and Gluf from corn using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The corn samples were purified by MWCNTs, then the analytes reacted with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOCCl) of acetonitrile solution (20.0 g/L) at 50 °C water bath in a borate buffer solution (50.0 g/L, pH=9) to generate FMOC derivative products. After the derivatization, HSS T3 was used as the separation column, with acetonitrile and 0.05% ammonia as the mobile phase, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) was adopted. The validation parameters showed good verification results, with both of their quantitative limits (LOQ) as 0.005 mg/kg, recoveries between 90.3% and 95.4%, intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the ranges of 1.24% and 3.35%, and inter-day RSDs between 3.56% and 6.06%. The analytical method, developed in this study, has high accuracy and sensitivity, and is suitable for the simultaneous detection of Glyp and Gluf in corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Yamin Dang
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Kang An
- Department of Physical-Chemical Test, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Daiyue District, Taian 271016, PR China.
| | - Jianping Li
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
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10
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Varmazyari A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Sevim C, Baris O, Eser G, Yildirim S, Hacimuftuoglu A, Buha A, Wallace DR, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M, Mezhuev Y. Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum: In vitro and in vivo studies. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:637-648. [PMID: 32489905 PMCID: PMC7260592 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms have an innate ability to regulate the synthesis of inorganic materials, such as bones and teeth in humans. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) can be utilized as a quantum dot that functions as a unique light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystal. The increased use in CdS has led to an increased inhalation and ingestion rate of CdS by humans which requires a broader appreciation for the acute and chronic toxicity of CdS. We investigated the toxic effects of CdS on cerebellar cell cultures and rat brain. We employed a 'green synthesis' biosynthesis process to obtain biocompatible material that can be used in living organisms, such as Viridibacillus arenosi K64. Nanocrystal formation was initiated by adding CdCl2 (1 mM) to the cell cultures. Our in vitro results established that increased concentrations of CdS (0.1 μg/mL) lead to decreased cell viability as assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). The in vivo studies showed that exposure to CdS (1 mg/kg) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were increased. Collectively, we describe a model system that addresses the process from the synthesis to the neurotoxicity assessment for CdS both in vitro and in vivo. These data will be beneficial in establishing a more comprehensive pathway for the understanding of quantum dot-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Varmazyari
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Institute of Naturel and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, Postal Code 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Institute of Naturel and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, Postal Code 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ataturk University, Postal code 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Sevim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ataturk University, Postal code 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Baris
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Institute of Naturel and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, Postal Code 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gizem Eser
- Vocational School of Veterinary Laboratory Assistant Program, Igdir University, Postal Code 76103, İgdir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Science, Ataturk University, Postal Code 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Science, Atatürk University, Postal Code 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Postal Code 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David R Wallace
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Postal Code 74107, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology & Forensic Sciences, Faculty Medicine, University of Crete, Postal Code 74100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA
| | - Yaroslav Mezhuev
- Center of Biomaterials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Postal Code 125047, Moscow, Russia
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11
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de Sá Hyacienth BM, Tavares Picanço KR, Sánchez-Ortiz BL, Barros Silva L, Matias Pereira AC, Machado Góes LD, Sousa Borges R, Cardoso Ataíde R, dos Santos CBR, de Oliveira Carvalho H, Gonzalez Anduaga GM, Navarrete A, Tavares Carvalho JC. Hydroethanolic extract from Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrecasas and its marker bergenin: Toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies in silico and in vivo on zebrafish. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:217-232. [PMID: 32042599 PMCID: PMC6997909 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
E. uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract in zebrafish. Evaluating the in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters. Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes was dose dependent. In silico bergenin and its metabolites showed high intestinal absorption. Bergenin inhibited CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19.
Endopleura uchi, is used for the treatment of inflammatory disease and related to the female reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the Endopleura uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract (EEu) in zebrafish, emphasizing the histopathological and biochemical parameters, as well as evaluating the in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of the phytochemical/pharmacological marker, bergenin, as their metabolites. The animals were orally treated with EEu at a single dose of 75 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg. the oral LD50 of the EEu higher to the dose of 3000 mg/kg. Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes were dose dependent. In silico pharmacokinetic predictions for bergenin and its metabolites showed moderate absorption in high human intestinal absorption (HIA) and Caco-2 models, reduced plasma protein binding, by low brain tissue binding and no P-glycoprotein (P-Gp) inhibition. Their metabolism is defined by the CYP450 enzyme, in addition to bergenin inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. In the bergenin and its metabolites in silico toxicity test it have been shown to cause carcinogenicity and a greater involvement of the bergenin with the CYP enzymes in the I and II hepatic and renal metabolism’s phases was observed. It is possible to suggest that the histopathological damages are involved with the interaction of this major compound and its metabolites at the level of the cellular-biochemical mechanisms which involve the absorption, metabolization and excretion of these possible prodrug and drug.
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Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BBB, Brain-blood partition coefficient (C.brain/C.blood)
- Bergenin
- Biotrasformation
- EEu, Endopleura uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract
- Endopleura uchi
- HAI, Index of Histopathological Changes
- HBA, Hydrogen bonding acceptors
- HBD, Hydrogen bonding donors
- HIA, Human intestinal absorption
- Hepatoxity
- IAN, Regional Herbarium of the Eastern Amazonian Embrapa
- MM, Molecular mass
- Nephrotoxity
- P-Gp, P-glycoprotein
- PPB, Plasma protein binding
- Toxicology
- hERG, ether-a-go-related human gene
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martins de Sá Hyacienth
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon of the BIONORTE Network, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Karyny Roberta Tavares Picanço
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Coyoacán, Zip Code 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luciane Barros Silva
- Federal University of Amapá, Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Arlindo César Matias Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Machado Góes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Raphaelle Sousa Borges
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Ataíde
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Federal University of Amapá, Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Helison de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Gloria Melisa Gonzalez Anduaga
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Coyoacán, Zip Code 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Coyoacán, Zip Code 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon of the BIONORTE Network, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Lee HJ, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Margina D, Izotov BN, Yang SH. Neuroprotective effects of Scrophularia buergeriana extract against glutamate-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2144-2152. [PMID: 30896788 PMCID: PMC6443351 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities, as well as the underlying mechanisms of action, of Scrophularia buergeriana (S. buergeriana) extract (SBE) in glutamate-induced SH-SY5Y cell death. The roots of S. buergeriana were extracted with 70% ethanol, and standardized SBE was used in this study. To induce cytotoxicity, the SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to glutamate for 3 h, or pre-treated with SBE for 1 h, and subsequently incubated with glutamate for 3 h. The neuro-protective effects were assessed by measuring cell viability and the total glutathione contents using commercial kits. The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of action of SBE were evaluated by western blot analysis. The results confirmed that glutamate-induced toxicity was caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage, thus leading to cell death. However, treatment of the SH-SY5Y cells with SBE significantly increased the viability of the cells exposed to glutamate by upregulating the levels of antioxidant proteins, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD2 and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), and directly enhancing the total glutathione contents. Furthermore, SBE attenuated DNA impairment and decreased B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation. In addition, SBE upregulated Bcl-2 expression via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrated that SBE exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced cell toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Denisa Margina
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Boris N Izotov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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