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Abdelhamid SA, Abo Elsoud MM, El-Baz AF, Nofal AM, El-Banna HY. Optimisation of indole acetic acid production by Neopestalotiopsis aotearoa endophyte isolated from Thymus vulgaris and its impact on seed germination of Ocimum basilicum. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38971771 PMCID: PMC11227711 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial growth during plant tissue culture is a common problem that causes significant losses in the plant micro-propagation system. Most of these endophytic microbes have the ability to propagate through horizontal and vertical transmission. On the one hand, these microbes provide a rich source of several beneficial metabolites. RESULTS The present study reports on the isolation of fungal species from different in vitro medicinal plants (i.e., Breynia disticha major, Breynia disticha, Duranta plumieri, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Ocimum basilicum l) cultures. These species were tested for their indole acetic acid (IAA) production capability. The most effective species for IAA production was that isolated from Thymus vulgaris plant (11.16 µg/mL) followed by that isolated from sweet basil plant (8.78 µg/mL). On screening for maximum IAA productivity, medium, "MOS + tryptophan" was chosen that gave 18.02 μg/mL. The macroscopic, microscopic examination and the 18S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the isolate that given code T4 was identified as Neopestalotiopsis aotearoa (T4). The production of IAA by N. aotearoa was statistically modeled using the Box-Behnken design and optimized for maximum level, reaching 63.13 µg/mL. Also, IAA extract was administered to sweet basil seeds in vitro to determine its effect on plant growth traits. All concentrations of IAA extract boosted germination parameters as compared to controls, and 100 ppm of IAA extract exhibited a significant growth promotion effect for all seed germination measurements. CONCLUSIONS The IAA produced from N. aotearoa (T4) demonstrated an essential role in the enhancement of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) growth, suggesting that it can be employed to promote the plant development while lowering the deleterious effect of using synthetic compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeda A Abdelhamid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - A F El-Baz
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, GEBRI, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Nofal
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Heba Y El-Banna
- Department of Vegetable and Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Yu M, Ma C, Tai B, Fu X, Liu Q, Zhang G, Zhou X, Du L, Jin Y, Han Y, Zheng H, Huang L. Unveiling the regulatory mechanisms of nodules development and quality formation in Panax notoginseng using multi-omics and MALDI-MSI. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00132-2. [PMID: 38588849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renowned for its role in traditional Chinese medicine, Panax notoginseng exhibits healing properties including bidirectional regulatory effects on hematological system diseases. However, the presence of nodular structures near the top of the main root, known as nail heads, may impact the quality of the plant's valuable roots. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we aim to systematically analyze nail heads to identify their potential correlation with P. notoginseng quality. Additionally, we will investigate the molecular mechanisms behind nail head development. METHODS Morphological characteristics and anatomical features were analyzed to determine the biological properties of nail heads. Active component analysis and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) were performed to determine the correlation between nail heads and P. notoginseng quality. Phytohormone quantitation, MALDI-MSI, RNA-seq, and Arabidopsis transformation were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of nail head formation. Finally, protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions were investigated to construct a transcriptional regulatory network of nodule development and quality formation. RESULTS Our analyses have revealed that nail heads originate from an undeveloped lateral root. The content of ginsenosides was found to be positively associated with the amount of nail heads. Ginsenoside Rb1 specifically accumulated in the cortex of nail heads, while IAA, tZR and JAs also showed highest accumulation in the nodule. RNA-seq analysis identified PnIAA14 and PnCYP735A1 as inhibitors of lateral root development. PnMYB31 and PnMYB78 were found to form binary complexes with PnbHLH31 to synergistically regulate the expression of PnIAA14, PnCYP735A1, PnSS, and PnFPS. CONCLUSION Our study details the major biological properties of nodular structures in P. notoginseng and outlines their impact on the quality of the herb. It was also determined that PnMYB31- and PnMYB78-PnbHLH31 regulate phytohormones and ginsenosides accumulation, further affecting plant development and quality. This research provides insights for quality evaluation and clinical applications of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Badalahu Tai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Mongolian Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiuteng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liyuan Du
- Create (Beijing) Technology Co., Limited, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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3
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Hafeez A, Ali S, Javed MA, Iqbal R, Khan MN, Çiğ F, Sabagh AE, Abujamel T, Harakeh S, Ercisli S, Ali B. Breeding for water-use efficiency in wheat: progress, challenges and prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:429. [PMID: 38517566 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Drought poses a significant challenge to wheat production globally, leading to substantial yield losses and affecting various agronomic and physiological traits. The genetic route offers potential solutions to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) in wheat and mitigate the negative impacts of drought stress. Breeding for drought tolerance involves selecting desirable plants such as efficient water usage, deep root systems, delayed senescence, and late wilting point. Biomarkers, automated and high-throughput techniques, and QTL genes are crucial in enhancing breeding strategies and developing wheat varieties with improved resilience to water scarcity. Moreover, the role of root system architecture (RSA) in water-use efficiency is vital, as roots play a key role in nutrient and water uptake. Genetic engineering techniques offer promising avenues to introduce desirable RSA traits in wheat to enhance drought tolerance. These technologies enable targeted modifications in DNA sequences, facilitating the development of drought-tolerant wheat germplasm. The article highlighted the techniques that could play a role in mitigating drought stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Shehzad Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Khan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Biology Laboratory, University Public School, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Fatih Çiğ
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, 56100, Turkey
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, 56100, Turkey
| | - Turki Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
- HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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He W, Truong HA, Zhang L, Cao M, Arakawa N, Xiao Y, Zhong K, Hou Y, Busch W. Identification of mebendazole as an ethylene signaling activator reveals a role of ethylene signaling in the regulation of lateral root angles. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113763. [PMID: 38358890 PMCID: PMC10949360 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The lateral root angle or gravitropic set-point angle (GSA) is an important trait for root system architecture (RSA) that determines the radial expansion of the root system. The GSA therefore plays a crucial role for the ability of plants to access nutrients and water in the soil. Only a few regulatory pathways and mechanisms that determine GSA are known. These mostly relate to auxin and cytokinin pathways. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule, mebendazole (MBZ), that modulates GSA in Arabidopsis thaliana roots and acts via the activation of ethylene signaling. MBZ directly acts on the serine/threonine protein kinase CTR1, which is a negative regulator of ethylene signaling. Our study not only shows that the ethylene signaling pathway is essential for GSA regulation but also identifies a small molecular modulator of RSA that acts downstream of ethylene receptors and that directly activates ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong He
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hai An Truong
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Min Cao
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Neal Arakawa
- Environmental and Complex Analysis Laboratory (ECAL), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kaizhen Zhong
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yingnan Hou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Xiang ZX, Li W, Lu YT, Yuan TT. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates osmotic stress-induced root growth inhibition by promoting auxin homeostasis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1369-1384. [PMID: 36948886 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) promotes plant tolerance against various environmental cues, and d-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) is an enzymatic source of H2 S to enhance abiotic stress resistance. However, the role of DCD-mediated H2 S production in root growth under abiotic stress remains to be further elucidated. Here, we report that DCD-mediated H2 S production alleviates osmotic stress-mediated root growth inhibition by promoting auxin homeostasis. Osmotic stress up-regulated DCD gene transcript and DCD protein levels and thus H2 S production in roots. When subjected to osmotic stress, a dcd mutant showed more severe root growth inhibition, whereas the transgenic lines DCDox overexpressing DCD exhibited less sensitivity to osmotic stress in terms of longer root compared to the wild-type. Moreover, osmotic stress inhibited root growth through repressing auxin signaling, whereas H2 S treatment significantly alleviated osmotic stress-mediated inhibition of auxin. Under osmotic stress, auxin accumulation was increased in DCDox but decreased in dcd mutant. H2 S promoted auxin biosynthesis gene expression and auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) protein level under osmotic stress. Taken together, our results reveal that mannitol-induced DCD and H2 S in roots promote auxin homeostasis, contributing to alleviating the inhibition of root growth under osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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6
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Dermendjiev G, Schnurer M, Stewart E, Nägele T, Marino G, Leister D, Thür A, Plott S, Jeż J, Ibl V. A bench-top Dark-Root device built with LEGO ® bricks enables a non-invasive plant root development analysis in soil conditions mirroring nature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1166511. [PMID: 37324682 PMCID: PMC10264708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1166511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Roots are the hidden parts of plants, anchoring their above-ground counterparts in the soil. They are responsible for water and nutrient uptake and for interacting with biotic and abiotic factors in the soil. The root system architecture (RSA) and its plasticity are crucial for resource acquisition and consequently correlate with plant performance while being highly dependent on the surrounding environment, such as soil properties and therefore environmental conditions. Thus, especially for crop plants and regarding agricultural challenges, it is essential to perform molecular and phenotypic analyses of the root system under conditions as near as possible to nature (#asnearaspossibletonature). To prevent root illumination during experimental procedures, which would heavily affect root development, Dark-Root (D-Root) devices (DRDs) have been developed. In this article, we describe the construction and different applications of a sustainable, affordable, flexible, and easy to assemble open-hardware bench-top LEGO® DRD, the DRD-BIBLOX (Brick Black Box). The DRD-BIBLOX consists of one or more 3D-printed rhizoboxes, which can be filled with soil while still providing root visibility. The rhizoboxes sit in a scaffold of secondhand LEGO® bricks, which allows root development in the dark and non-invasive root tracking with an infrared (IR) camera and an IR light-emitting diode (LED) cluster. Proteomic analyses confirmed significant effects of root illumination on barley root and shoot proteomes. Additionally, we confirmed the significant effect of root illumination on barley root and shoot phenotypes. Our data therefore reinforces the importance of the application of field conditions in the lab and the value of our novel device, the DRD-BIBLOX. We further provide a DRD-BIBLOX application spectrum, spanning from investigating a variety of plant species and soil conditions and simulating different environmental conditions and stresses, to proteomic and phenotypic analyses, including early root tracking in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Dermendjiev
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madeleine Schnurer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ethan Stewart
- Plant Sciences Facility, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giada Marino
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexandra Thür
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Plott
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakub Jeż
- Plant Sciences Facility, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Li J, Xu P, Zhang B, Song Y, Wen S, Bai Y, Ji L, Lai Y, He G, Zhang D. Paclobutrazol Promotes Root Development of Difficult-to-Root Plants by Coordinating Auxin and Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathways in Phoebe bournei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043753. [PMID: 36835160 PMCID: PMC9958905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phoebe bournei is a rare and endangered plant endemic to China with higher-value uses in essential oil and structural wood production. Its seedlings are prone to death because of its undeveloped system. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) can improve root growth and development in certain plants, but its concentration effect and molecular mechanism remain unclear. Here, we studied the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which PBZ regulates root growth under different treatments. We found that, with moderate concentration treatment (MT), PBZ significantly increased the total root length (69.90%), root surface area (56.35%), and lateral root number (47.17%). IAA content was the highest at MT and was 3.83, 1.86, and 2.47 times greater than the control, low, and high-concentration treatments. In comparison, ABA content was the lowest and reduced by 63.89%, 30.84%, and 44.79%, respectively. The number of upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced at MT was more than that of down-regulated DEGs, which enriched 8022 DEGs in response to PBZ treatments. WGCNA showed that PBZ-responsive genes were significantly correlated with plant hormone content and involved in plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK signal pathway-plant pathways, which controls root growth. The hub genes are observably associated with auxin, abscisic acid syntheses, and signaling pathways, such as PINs, ABCBs, TARs, ARFs, LBDs, and PYLs. We constructed a model which showed PBZ treatments mediated the antagonism interaction of IAA and ABA to regulate the root growth in P. bournei. Our result provides new insights and molecular strategies for solving rare plants' root growth problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Peiyue Xu
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Yanyan Song
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shizhi Wen
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Li Ji
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yong Lai
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gongxiu He
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-138-7316-0370 (G.H.); +86-150-0387-8368 (D.Z.)
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-138-7316-0370 (G.H.); +86-150-0387-8368 (D.Z.)
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8
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Shoaib M, Banerjee BP, Hayden M, Kant S. Roots' Drought Adaptive Traits in Crop Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2256. [PMID: 36079644 PMCID: PMC9460784 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the biggest concerns in agriculture due to the projected reduction of global freshwater supply with a concurrent increase in global food demand. Roots can significantly contribute to improving drought adaptation and productivity. Plants increase water uptake by adjusting root architecture and cooperating with symbiotic soil microbes. Thus, emphasis has been given to root architectural responses and root-microbe relationships in drought-resilient crop development. However, root responses to drought adaptation are continuous and complex processes and involve additional root traits and interactions among themselves. This review comprehensively compiles and discusses several of these root traits such as structural, physiological, molecular, hydraulic, anatomical, and plasticity, which are important to consider together, with architectural changes, when developing drought resilient crop varieties. In addition, it describes the significance of root contribution in improving soil structure and water holding capacity and its implication on long-term resilience to drought. In addition, various drought adaptive root ideotypes of monocot and dicot crops are compared and proposed for given agroclimatic conditions. Overall, this review provides a broader perspective of understanding root structural, physiological, and molecular regulators, and describes the considerations for simultaneously integrating multiple traits for drought tolerance and crop improvement, under specific growing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Shoaib
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Bikram P. Banerjee
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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Yuan TT, Xiang ZX, Li W, Gao X, Lu YT. Osmotic stress represses root growth by modulating the transcriptional regulation of PIN-FORMED3. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1661-1673. [PMID: 34420215 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress influences root system architecture, and polar auxin transport (PAT) is well established to regulate root growth and development. However, how PAT responds to osmotic stress at the molecular level remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored whether and how the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3) participates in osmotic stress-induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We observed that osmotic stress induces a HD-ZIP II transcription factor-encoding gene HOMEODOMAIN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA2 (HAT2) expression in roots. The hat2 loss-of-function mutant is less sensitive to osmotic stress in terms of root meristem growth. Consistent with this phenotype, whereas the auxin response is downregulated in wild-type roots under osmotic stress, the inhibition of auxin response by osmotic stress was alleviated in hat2 roots. Conversely, transgenic lines overexpressing HAT2 (Pro35S::HAT2) had shorter roots and reduced auxin accumulation compared with wild-type plants. PIN3 expression was significantly reduced in the Pro35S::HAT2 lines. We determined that osmotic stress-mediated repression of PIN3 was alleviated in the hat2 mutant because HAT2 normally binds to the promoter of PIN3 and inhibits its expression. Taken together, our data revealed that osmotic stress inhibits root growth via HAT2, which regulates auxin activity by directly repressing PIN3 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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10
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Kacprzyk J, Burke R, Schwarze J, McCabe PF. Plant programmed cell death meets auxin signalling. FEBS J 2021; 289:1731-1745. [PMID: 34543510 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both auxin signalling and programmed cell death (PCD) are essential components of a normally functioning plant. Auxin underpins plant growth and development, as well as regulating plant defences against environmental stresses. PCD, a genetically controlled pathway for selective elimination of redundant, damaged or infected cells, is also a key element of many developmental processes and stress response mechanisms in plants. An increasing body of evidence suggests that auxin signalling and PCD regulation are often connected. While generally auxin appears to suppress cell death, it has also been shown to promote PCD events, most likely via stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Intriguingly, certain cells undergoing PCD have also been suggested to control the distribution of auxin in plant tissues, by either releasing a burst of auxin or creating an anatomical barrier to auxin transport and distribution. These recent findings indicate novel roles of localized PCD events in the context of plant development such as control of root architecture, or tissue regeneration following injury, and suggest exciting possibilities for incorporation of this knowledge into crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyk
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rory Burke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johanna Schwarze
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F McCabe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Lombardi M, De Gara L, Loreto F. Determinants of root system architecture for future-ready, stress-resilient crops. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2090-2097. [PMID: 33905535 PMCID: PMC8360026 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change hampers food safety and food security. Crop breeding has been boosting superior quantity traits such as yield, but roots have often been overlooked in spite of their role in the whole plant physiology. New evidence is emerging on the relevance of root system architecture in coping with the environment. Here, we review determinants of root system architecture, mainly based on studies on Arabidopsis, and we discuss how breeding for appropriate root architecture may help obtain plants that are better adapted or resilient to abiotic and biotic stresses, more productive, and more efficient for soil and water use. We also highlight recent advances in phenotyping high-tech platforms and genotyping techniques that may further help to understand the mechanisms of root development and how roots control relationships between plants and soil. An integrated approach is proposed that combines phenotyping and genotyping information via bioinformatic analyses and reveals genetic control of root system architecture, paving the way for future research on plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lombardi
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentCampus Bio‐Medico University of RomeVia Alvaro del Portillo 21Rome00128Italy
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food SciencesNational Research Council of Italy (CNR‐DISBA)Piazzale Aldo Moro 7Rome00185Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentCampus Bio‐Medico University of RomeVia Alvaro del Portillo 21Rome00128Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food SciencesNational Research Council of Italy (CNR‐DISBA)Piazzale Aldo Moro 7Rome00185Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity Federico IIvia CinthiaNaples80126Italy
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12
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Szepesi Á. Halotropism: Phytohormonal Aspects and Potential Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571025. [PMID: 33042187 PMCID: PMC7527526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halotropism is a sodium specific tropic movement of roots in order to obtain the optimal salt concentration for proper growth and development. Numerous results suggest that halotropic events are under the control and regulation of complex plant hormone pathway. This minireview collects some recent evidences about sodium sensing during halotropism and the hormonal regulation of halotropic responses in glycophytes. The precise hormonal mechanisms by which halophytes plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth forward increased salt concentrations are not well understood. This minireview aims to gather recently deciphered information about halotropism focusing potential hormonal aspects both in glycophytes and halophytes. Advances in our understanding of halotropic responses in different plant species could help these plants to be used for sustainable agriculture and other future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szepesi
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Ahmed F, Arthur E, Liu H, Andersen MN. New Rootsnap Sensor Reveals the Ameliorating Effect of Biochar on In Situ Root Growth Dynamics of Maize in Sandy Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:949. [PMID: 32670338 PMCID: PMC7330118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated if subsoil constraints to root development imposed by coarse sand were affected by drought and biochar application over two seasons. Biochar was applied to the subsoil of pots at 20-50 cm depth in concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% (B0, B1, B2, and B3). Maize was grown in the same pots 1 week and 12 months after biochar application. The maize plants were fully irrigated until flowering; thereafter, half of them were subjected to drought. A new method for observing root growth dynamics and root length density in situ, the Rootsnap sensor system, was developed. The sensors were installed at 50 cm depth just below the layer of biochar-amended subsoil. Using data from a smaller experiment with grass, the calculated root length densities from the sensors were compared with data from scanning of manually washed roots. In year 2, we investigated the effect of aged biochar on root growth using only the root wash and scanning method. The Rootsnap sensor revealed that the arrival time of the first root in B3 at the 50 cm depth averaged 47 days after planting, which was significantly earlier than in B0, by 9 days. The tendency for faster root proliferation in biochar-amended subsoil indicates that biochar reduced subsoil mechanical impedance and allowed roots to gain faster access to deep soil layers. A linear regression comparing root length density obtained from the Rootsnap sensor with the scanning method yielded an r 2 of 0.50. Our analysis using the scanning method further showed that under drought stress, maize roots responded with reduced root diameter and increased root length density at 50-70 cm depth in the first and second year, respectively. The trend under full irrigation was less clear, with significant decrease in root length density for B1 and B2 in year 2. Overall, reduction in subsoil mechanical impedance observed as early arrival of roots to the subsoil may prevent or delay the onset of drought and reduce leaching of nutrients in biochar-amended soil with positive implications for agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziatu Ahmed
- Regional Office for Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Arthur
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Root Development and Stress Tolerance in rice: The Key to Improving Stress Tolerance without Yield Penalties. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051807. [PMID: 32155710 PMCID: PMC7084713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots anchor plants and take up water and nutrients from the soil; therefore, root development strongly affects plant growth and productivity. Moreover, increasing evidence indicates that root development is deeply involved in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. These findings suggest that modulating root growth and development provides a potentially useful approach to improve plant abiotic stress tolerance. Such targeted approaches may avoid the yield penalties that result from growth-defense trade-offs produced by global induction of defenses against abiotic stresses. This review summarizes the developmental mechanisms underlying root development and discusses recent studies about modulation of root growth and stress tolerance in rice.
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