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Ma X, Guo G, Wu X, Wu Q, Liu F, Zhang H, Shi N, Guan Y. Advances in Integration, Wearable Applications, and Artificial Intelligence of Biomedical Microfluidics Systems. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050972. [PMID: 37241596 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics attracts much attention due to its multiple advantages such as high throughput, rapid analysis, low sample volume, and high sensitivity. Microfluidics has profoundly influenced many fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, information technology, and other disciplines. However, some stumbling stones (miniaturization, integration, and intelligence) strain the development of industrialization and commercialization of microchips. The miniaturization of microfluidics means fewer samples and reagents, shorter times to results, and less footprint space consumption, enabling a high throughput and parallelism of sample analysis. Additionally, micro-size channels tend to produce laminar flow, which probably permits some creative applications that are not accessible to traditional fluid-processing platforms. The reasonable integration of biomedical/physical biosensors, semiconductor microelectronics, communications, and other cutting-edge technologies should greatly expand the applications of current microfluidic devices and help develop the next generation of lab-on-a-chip (LOC). At the same time, the evolution of artificial intelligence also gives another strong impetus to the rapid development of microfluidics. Biomedical applications based on microfluidics normally bring a large amount of complex data, so it is a big challenge for researchers and technicians to analyze those huge and complicated data accurately and quickly. To address this problem, machine learning is viewed as an indispensable and powerful tool in processing the data collected from micro-devices. In this review, we mainly focus on discussing the integration, miniaturization, portability, and intelligence of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Ma
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xuanye Wu
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shanghai Aure Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shanghai Aure Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yimin Guan
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Aure Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
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Kulkarni MB, Ayachit NH, Aminabhavi TM. Recent Advances in Microfluidics-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:246. [PMID: 36832012 PMCID: PMC9954504 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using pathogen-infected food that can be unhygienic can result in severe diseases and an increase in mortality rate among humans. This may arise as a serious emergency problem if not appropriately restricted at this point of time. Thus, food science researchers are concerned with precaution, prevention, perception, and immunity to pathogenic bacteria. Expensive, elongated assessment time and the need for skilled personnel are some of the shortcomings of the existing conventional methods. Developing and investigating a rapid, low-cost, handy, miniature, and effective detection technology for pathogens is indispensable. In recent times, there has been a significant scope of interest for microfluidics-based three-electrode potentiostat sensing platforms, which have been extensively used for sustainable food safety exploration because of their progressively high selectivity and sensitivity. Meticulously, scholars have made noteworthy revolutions in signal enrichment tactics, measurable devices, and portable tools, which can be used as an allusion to food safety investigation. Additionally, a device for this purpose must incorporate simplistic working conditions, automation, and miniaturization. In order to meet the critical needs of food safety for on-site detection of pathogens, point-of-care testing (POCT) has to be introduced and integrated with microfluidic technology and electrochemical biosensors. This review critically discusses the recent literature, classification, difficulties, applications, and future directions of microfluidics-based electrochemical sensors for screening and detecting foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan B. Kulkarni
- Renalyx Healthcare Systems (P) Limited, Bengaluru 560004, Karnataka, India
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha H. Ayachit
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejraj M. Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
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Sinha A, Stavrakis AK, Simić M, Kojić S, Stojanović GM. Gold Leaf-Based Microfluidic Platform for Detection of Essential Oils Using Impedance Spectroscopy. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1169. [PMID: 36551136 PMCID: PMC9776385 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are engineered platforms for the controlled release of various therapeutic agents. This paper presents a conductive gold leaf-based microfluidic platform fabricated using xurography technique for its potential implication in controlled drug delivery operations. To demonstrate this, peppermint and eucalyptus essential oils (EOs) were selected as target fluids, which are best known for their medicinal properties in the field of dentistry. The work takes advantage of the high conductivity of the gold leaf, and thus, the response characteristics of the microfluidic chip are studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) upon injecting EOs into its micro-channels. The effect of the exposure time of the chip to different concentrations (1% and 5%) of EOs was analyzed, and change in electrical resistance was measured at different time intervals of 0 h (the time of injection), 22 h, and 46 h. It was observed that our fabricated device demonstrated higher values of electrical resistance when exposed to EOs for longer times. Moreover, eucalyptus oil had stronger degradable effects on the chip, which resulted in higher electrical resistance than that of peppermint. 1% and 5% of Eucalyptus oil showed an electrical resistance of 1.79 kΩ and 1.45 kΩ at 10 kHz, while 1% and 5% of peppermint oil showed 1.26 kΩ and 1.07 kΩ of electrical resistance at 10 kHz respectively. The findings obtained in this paper are beneficial for designing suitable microfluidic devices to expand their applications for various biomedical purposes.
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Panneerselvam R, Sadat H, Höhn EM, Das A, Noothalapati H, Belder D. Microfluidics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a win-win combination? LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:665-682. [PMID: 35107464 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, analytical techniques like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) render structural and chemical information of a variety of analyte molecules in ultra-low concentration. Although this technique is making significant progress in various fields, the reproducibility of SERS measurements and sensitivity towards small molecules are still daunting challenges. In this regard, microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MF-SERS) is well on its way to join the toolbox of analytical chemists. This review article explains how MF-SERS is becoming a powerful tool in analytical chemistry. We critically present the developments in SERS substrates for microfluidic devices and how these substrates in microfluidic channels can improve the SERS sensitivity, reproducibility, and detection limit. We then introduce the building materials for microfluidic platforms and their types such as droplet, centrifugal, and digital microfluidics. Finally, we enumerate some challenges and future directions in microfluidic SERS. Overall, this article showcases the potential and versatility of microfluidic SERS in overcoming the inherent issues in the SERS technique and also discusses the advantage of adding SERS to the arsenal of microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapandiyan Panneerselvam
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India.
| | - Hasan Sadat
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Höhn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anish Das
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Maximiano EM, Gonçalves DA, Martins CA, Angnes L, Gomes RS, Trindade MAG. Simultaneous separation and electroanalysis in a single polydimethylsiloxane-based platform. Talanta 2021; 233:122514. [PMID: 34215129 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Channel-based microfluidic devices integrating the separation step and detection system are key factors to expand microanalysis application. However, these devices still depend on macroscale external equipment for pre-treatment of the sample, separation, or detection. The integration of all steps in only one stage is critical to improving feasibility. Herein, we use a low-cost protocol to solve part of the challenge by designing a dual-mode system onto single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based platform - overall dimensions of 65 mm length × 20 mm width × 14 mm height and the inner diameter of 297±10 μm height × 605±19 μm width - for column-free separation and simultaneous detection. As a proof-of-concept, we used this all-in-one PDMS platform to separate - without the packet-based phase - and determine salicylic acid (SA) and caffeine (CAF) with a detection limit of 0.20 and 0.18 μmol L-1 and quantification limit of 0.70 and 0.60 μmol L-1 for SA and CAF, respectively. We separated the mixture using forced convection into a chemically treated microchannel while detecting the analytes in amperometric mode. Here, we report new insights into how integrating analytes separation and further electroanalysis into a single miniaturized device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete M Maximiano
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cauê A Martins
- Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Magno A G Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Unesp, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Miniaturized technologies for high-throughput drug screening enzymatic assays and diagnostics – A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Trindade MAG, Martins CA, Angnes L, Herl T, Raith T, Matysik FM. New Electrochemical Flow-Cell Configuration Integrated into a Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Platform: Improving Analytical Application in the Presence of Air Bubbles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10917-10926. [PMID: 30125484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A newly configured electrochemical flow cell to be used for (end-channel) amperometric detection in a microfluidic device is presented. The design was assembled to place the reference electrode in a separated compartment, isolated from the flow in the microchannel, while the working and counter electrodes remain in direct contact with both compartments. Moreover, a three-dimensional coil-shaped microfluidic device was fabricated using a nonconventional protocol. Both devices working in association enabled us to solve the drawback caused by the discrete injection when the automatic micropipette was used. The high performance of the proposed electrochemical flow cell was demonstrated after in situ modifying the surface of the platinum working electrode with surfactant (e.g., using Tween 20 at 0.10%). As the reference electrode remained out of contact with the flowing solution, there was no trouble by air bubble formation (generated by accidental insertion or by presence of surfactants) throughout the measurements. This device was characterized regarding its analytical performance by evaluating the amperometric detection of acetaminophen, enabling determination from 6.60 to 66.0 μmol L-1. This issue is important since at high concentration (e.g., as assessed in clinical analysis) the acetaminophen is known to passivate the working electrode surfaces by electrogenerated products, impairing the accuracy of the electrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magno Aparecido Gonçalves Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia , Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12 , 79804-970 Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil.,National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives , Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista , P.O. Box 355 , 14800-900 Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Cauê Alves Martins
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia , Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12 , 79804-970 Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 , CEP 05508-000 São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thomas Herl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Timo Raith
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
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A simple microdroplet chip consisting of silica nanochannel-assisted electrode and paper cover for highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent detection of drugs in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 983:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Singh VV, Sharma PK, Sikarwar B, Ganesan K, Boopathi M, Singh B. Electrocatalysis of Chemical Warfare Agent Sulfur Mustard in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virendra V. Singh
- Defence Research and Development Establishment; DRDO; Gwalior- 474002 India
| | | | - Bhavna Sikarwar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment; DRDO; Gwalior- 474002 India
| | - Kumaran Ganesan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment; DRDO; Gwalior- 474002 India
| | - Mannan Boopathi
- Defence Research and Development Establishment; DRDO; Gwalior- 474002 India
| | - Beer Singh
- Defence Research and Development Establishment; DRDO; Gwalior- 474002 India
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Fanavoll EV, Harrington DA, Sunde S, Singh G, Seland F. A microfluidic electrochemical cell with integrated PdH reference electrode for high current experiments. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Electrochemical detection of cupric ions with boron-doped diamond electrode for marine corrosion monitoring. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ozkan SA, Uslu B. From mercury to nanosensors: Past, present and the future perspective of electrochemistry in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:126-140. [PMID: 27210510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polarography was the first developed automated method of voltage-controlled electrolysis with dropping mercury electrode (DME). Then, hanging mercury drop and static mercury drop electrodes were added as an alternative indicator electrode. In this way, polarography turned formally into voltammetry with mercury electrodes in the electroreduction way. Solid electrodes such as noble metal and carbon based electrodes can be used for the investigation of the compounds for both oxidation and reduction directions, which is called voltammetry. The voltammetric and polarographic techniques are more sensitive, reproducible, and easily used electroanalytical methods that can be alternative to more frequently used separation and spectrometric methods. Furthermore, in some cases there is a relationship between voltammetry and pharmaceutical samples, and the knowledge of the mechanism of their electrode reactions can give a useful clue in elucidation of the mechanism of their interaction with living cells. The voltammetric and polarographic analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical preparations are by far the most common use of electrochemistry for analytical pharmaceutical problems. Recent trends and challenges in the electrochemical methods for the detection of DNA hybridization and pathogens are available. Low cost, small sample requirement and possibility of miniaturization justifies their increasing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Oh JM, Chow KF. Naked-Eye Coulometric Sensor Using a Longitudinally Oriented Ag Band Electrode in a Microfluidic Channel. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4849-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Oh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Kwok-Fan Chow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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14
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Food Microfluidics Biosensors. BIOSENSORS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD - NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Benuzzi MLS, Pereira SV, Raba J, Messina GA. Screening for cystic fibrosis via a magnetic and microfluidic immunoassay format with electrochemical detection using a copper nanoparticle-modified gold electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Rackus DG, Shamsi MH, Wheeler AR. Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics: a convergence of fields. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5320-40. [PMID: 25962356 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics are popular research topics that have attracted widespread attention from chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers. Here, we introduce the basic concepts and recent histories of electrochemistry, biosensors, and microfluidics, and describe how they are combining to form new application-areas, including so-called "point-of-care" systems in which measurements traditionally performed in a laboratory are moved into the field. We propose that this review can serve both as a useful starting-point for researchers who are new to these topics, as well as being a compendium of the current state-of-the art for experts in these evolving areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius G Rackus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Calvo-López A, Ymbern O, Puyol M, Casalta JM, Alonso-Chamarro J. Potentiometric analytical microsystem based on the integration of a gas-diffusion step for on-line ammonium determination in water recycling processes in manned space missions. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 874:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kurbanoglu S, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Medina-Sánchez M, Rivas L, Ozkan SA, Merkoçi A. Antithyroid drug detection using an enzyme cascade blocking in a nanoparticle‐based lab‐on‐a‐chip system. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:670-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hsieh K, Ferguson BS, Eisenstein M, Plaxco KW, Soh HT. Integrated electrochemical microsystems for genetic detection of pathogens at the point of care. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:911-20. [PMID: 25785632 DOI: 10.1021/ar500456w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to achieve rapid, sensitive, specific, quantitative, and multiplexed genetic detection of pathogens via a robust, portable, point-of-care platform could transform many diagnostic applications. And while contemporary technologies have yet to effectively achieve this goal, the advent of microfluidics provides a potentially viable approach to this end by enabling the integration of sophisticated multistep biochemical assays (e.g., sample preparation, genetic amplification, and quantitative detection) in a monolithic, portable device from relatively small biological samples. Integrated electrochemical sensors offer a particularly promising solution to genetic detection because they do not require optical instrumentation and are readily compatible with both integrated circuit and microfluidic technologies. Nevertheless, the development of generalizable microfluidic electrochemical platforms that integrate sample preparation and amplification as well as quantitative and multiplexed detection remains a challenging and unsolved technical problem. Recognizing this unmet need, we have developed a series of microfluidic electrochemical DNA sensors that have progressively evolved to encompass each of these critical functionalities. For DNA detection, our platforms employ label-free, single-step, and sequence-specific electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensors, in which an electrode-bound, redox-reporter-modified DNA "probe" generates a current change after undergoing a hybridization-induced conformational change. After successfully integrating E-DNA sensors into a microfluidic chip format, we subsequently incorporated on-chip genetic amplification techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to enable genetic detection at clinically relevant target concentrations. To maximize the potential point-of-care utility of our platforms, we have further integrated sample preparation via immunomagnetic separation, which allowed the detection of influenza virus directly from throat swabs and developed strategies for the multiplexed detection of related bacterial strains from the blood of septic mice. Finally, we developed an alternative electrochemical detection platform based on real-time LAMP, which not is only capable of detecting across a broad dynamic range of target concentrations, but also greatly simplifies quantitative measurement of nucleic acids. These efforts represent considerable progress toward the development of a true sample-in-answer-out platform for genetic detection of pathogens at the point of care. Given the many advantages of these systems, and the growing interest and innovative contributions from researchers in this field, we are optimistic that iterations of these systems will arrive in clinical settings in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Institute
for Collaborative Biotechnologies, §Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular
Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥Materials
Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - B. Scott Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Institute
for Collaborative Biotechnologies, §Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular
Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥Materials
Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Institute
for Collaborative Biotechnologies, §Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular
Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥Materials
Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kevin W. Plaxco
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Institute
for Collaborative Biotechnologies, §Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular
Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥Materials
Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - H. Tom Soh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Institute
for Collaborative Biotechnologies, §Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular
Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ⊥Materials
Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Contento NM, Bohn PW. Tunable electrochemical pH modulation in a microchannel monitored via the proton-coupled electro-oxidation of hydroquinone. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:044120. [PMID: 25379105 PMCID: PMC4189302 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry is a promising tool for microfluidic systems because it is relatively inexpensive, structures are simple to fabricate, and it is straight-forward to interface electronically. While most widely used in microfluidics for chemical detection or as the transduction mechanism for molecular probes, electrochemical methods can also be used to efficiently alter the chemical composition of small (typically <100 nl) microfluidic volumes in a manner that improves or enables subsequent measurements and sample processing steps. Here, solvent (H2O) electrolysis is performed quantitatively at a microchannel Pt band electrode to increase microchannel pH. The change in microchannel pH is simultaneously tracked at a downstream electrode by monitoring changes in the i-V characteristics of the proton-coupled electro-oxidation of hydroquinone, thus providing real-time measurement of the protonated forms of hydroquinone from which the pH can be determined in a straightforward manner. Relative peak heights for protonated and deprotonated hydroquinone forms are in good agreement with expected pH changes by measured electrolysis rates, demonstrating that solvent electrolysis can be used to provide tunable, quantitative pH control within a microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Contento
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Rozniecka E, Jonsson-Niedziolka M, Celebanska A, Niedziolka-Jonsson J, Opallo M. Selective electrochemical detection of dopamine in a microfluidic channel on carbon nanoparticulate electrodes. Analyst 2014; 139:2896-903. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02207b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Martinez-Cisneros CS, Sanchez S, Xi W, Schmidt OG. Ultracompact three-dimensional tubular conductivity microsensors for ionic and biosensing applications. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2219-24. [PMID: 24655094 PMCID: PMC3985718 DOI: 10.1021/nl500795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present ultracompact three-dimensional tubular structures integrating Au-based electrodes as impedimetric microsensors for the in-flow determination of mono- and divalent ionic species and HeLa cells. The microsensors show an improved performance of 2 orders of magnitude (limit of detection = 0.1 nM for KCl) compared to conventional planar conductivity detection systems integrated in microfluidic platforms and the capability to detect single HeLa cells in flowing phosphate buffered saline. These highly integrated conductivity tubular sensors thus open new possibilities for lab-in-a-tube devices for bioapplications such as biosensing and bioelectronics.
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Kaluza D, Adamiak W, Kalwarczyk T, Sozanski K, Opallo M, Jönsson-Niedziolka M. Anomalous effect of flow rate on the electrochemical behavior at a liquid|liquid interface under microfluidic conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:16034-16039. [PMID: 24328179 DOI: 10.1021/la403614z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the oxidation of ferrocene at a flowing organic solvent|aqueous electrolyte|solid electrode junction in a microfluidic setup using cyclic voltammetry and fluorescent laser scanning confocal microscopy. At low flow rates the oxidation current decreases with increasing flow, contrary to the Levich equation, but at higher flow rates the current increases linearly with the cube root of the flow rate. This behavior is explained using a simple model postulating a smallest effective width of the three-phase junction, which after fitting to the data comes to be ca. 20 μm. The fluorescence microscopy reveals mixing of the two phases close to the PDMS cover, but the liquid|liquid junction is stable close to the glass support. This study shows the importance of the solid|liquid|liquid junctions for the behavior of multiphase systems under microfluidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Kaluza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Calvo-López A, Arasa-Puig E, Puyol M, Casalta JM, Alonso-Chamarro J. Biparametric potentiometric analytical microsystem for nitrate and potassium monitoring in water recycling processes for manned space missions. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:190-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Nanostructured CaCO3-poly(ethyleneimine) microparticles for phenol sensing in fluidic microsystem. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2011-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Škantárová L, Oriňák A, Oriňáková R, Jerigová M, Stupavská M, Velič D. Functional silver nanostructured surfaces applied in SERS and SIMS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Škantárová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Comenius University; Mlynská dolina SK 842 15 Bratislava 4 Slovak Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Comenius University; Mlynská dolina SK 842 15 Bratislava 4 Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Oriňák
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University; Moyzesova 11 SK 041 54 Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Renáta Oriňáková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University; Moyzesova 11 SK 041 54 Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Jerigová
- International Laser Center; Ilkovičova 3 SK 84104 Bratislava Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University; Mlynská dolina SK 842 15 Bratislava 4 Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Stupavská
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University; Mlynská dolina SK 842 15 Bratislava 4 Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Velič
- International Laser Center; Ilkovičova 3 SK 84104 Bratislava Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University; Mlynská dolina SK 842 15 Bratislava 4 Slovak Republic
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Reymond F, Vollet C, Plichta Z, Horák D. Fabrication and characterization of tosyl-activated magnetic and nonmagnetic monodisperse microspheres for use in microfluic-based ferritin immunoassay. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:532-42. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Reymond
- DiagnoSwiss S.A.; Z.I. Les Illettes, P.O. Box 249, CH-1870 Monthey 1 Switzerland
| | - Christine Vollet
- DiagnoSwiss S.A.; Z.I. Les Illettes, P.O. Box 249, CH-1870 Monthey 1 Switzerland
| | - Zdeněk Plichta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Polymer Particles; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Polymer Particles; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Chua CK, Pumera M. Detection of silver nanoparticles on a lab-on-chip platform. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2007-10. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kiang Chua
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
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van Midwoud PM, Janse A, Merema MT, Groothuis GMM, Verpoorte E. Comparison of biocompatibility and adsorption properties of different plastics for advanced microfluidic cell and tissue culture models. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3938-44. [PMID: 22444457 DOI: 10.1021/ac300771z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology is providing new routes toward advanced cell and tissue culture models to better understand human biology and disease. Many advanced devices have been made from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to enable experiments, for example, to study drug metabolism by use of precision-cut liver slices, that are not possible with conventional systems. However, PDMS, a silicone rubber material, is very hydrophobic and tends to exhibit significant adsorption and absorption of hydrophobic drugs and their metabolites. Although glass could be used as an alternative, thermoplastics are better from a cost and fabrication perspective. Thermoplastic polymers (plastics) allow easy surface treatment and are generally transparent and biocompatible. This study focuses on the fabrication of biocompatible microfluidic devices with low adsorption properties from the thermoplastics poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) as alternatives for PDMS devices. Thermoplastic surfaces were oxidized using UV-generated ozone or oxygen plasma to reduce adsorption of hydrophobic compounds. Surface hydrophilicity was assessed over 4 weeks by measuring the contact angle of water on the surface. The adsorption of 7-ethoxycoumarin, testosterone, and their metabolites was also determined after UV-ozone treatment. Biocompatibility was assessed by culturing human hepatoma (HepG2) cells on treated surfaces. Comparison of the adsorption properties and biocompatibility of devices in different plastics revealed that only UV-ozone-treated PC and COC devices satisfied both criteria. This paper lays an important foundation that will help researchers make informed decisions with respect to the materials they select for microfluidic cell-based culture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M van Midwoud
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gunasekara DB, Hulvey MK, Lunte SM, da Silva JAF. Microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection for the study of the generation of nitric oxide by NONOate salts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2377-84. [PMID: 22415023 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis (ME) with electrochemical detection was used to monitor nitric oxide (NO) production from diethylammonium (Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DEA/NO) and 1-(hydroxyl-NNO-azoxy)-L-proline disodium salt (PROLI/NO). NO was generated through acid hydrolysis of these NONOate salts. The products of acid hydrolysis were introduced into a 5-cm separation channel using gated injection. The separation was accomplished using reverse polarity and a background electrolyte consisting of 10 mM boric acid and 2 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, pH 11. Electrochemical detection was performed using an isolated potentiostat in an in-channel configuration. Potentials applied to the working electrode, typically higher than +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, allowed the direct detection of nitrite, NO, DEA/NO, and PROLI/NO. Baseline resolution was achieved for the separation of PROLI/NO and NO while resolution between DEA/NO and NO was poor (1.0 ± 0.2). Nitrite was present in all samples tested.
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Zitka O, Krizkova S, Krejcova L, Hynek D, Gumulec J, Masarik M, Sochor J, Adam V, Hubalek J, Trnkova L, Kizek R. Microfluidic tool based on the antibody-modified paramagnetic particles for detection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine of prostate cancer patients. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3207-20. [PMID: 22012838 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine derivatives are important for diagnosis of oxidative DNA damage including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as one of the most abundant products of DNA oxidation. This compound is commonly determined in urine, which makes 8-OHdG a good non-invasive marker of oxidation stress. In this study, we optimized and tested the isolation of 8-OHdG from biological matrix by using paramagnetic particles with an antibody-modified surface. 8-OHdG was determined using 1-naphthol generated by alkaline phosphatase conjugated with the secondary antibody. 1-Naphthol was determined by stopped flow injection analysis (SFIA) with electrochemical detector using a glassy carbon working electrode and by stationary electrochemical detection using linear sweep voltammetry. A special modular electrochemical SFIA system which needs only 10 μL of sample including working buffer for one analysis was completely designed and successfully verified. The recoveries in different matrices and analyte concentration were estimated. Detection limit (3 S/N) was estimated as 5 pg/mL of 8-OHdG. This method promises to be very easily modified to microfluidic systems as "lab on valve". The optimized method had sufficient selectivity and thus could be used for determination of 8-OHDG in human urine and therefore for estimation of oxidative DNA damage as a result of oxidation stress in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Fu Y, Zhang L, Chen G. Determination of carbohydrates in Folium Lysium Chinensis using capillary electrophoresis combined with far-infrared light irradiation-assisted extraction. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3272-8. [PMID: 21998073 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a method based on capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection and far-infrared-assisted extraction has been developed for the determination of mannitol, sucrose, glucose and fructose in Folium Lysium Chinensis, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The water-soluble constituents in the herbal drug were extracted with double distilled water with the assistance of far-infrared radiations. The effects of detection potential, irradiation time, and the voltage applied on the infrared generator were investigated to acquire the optimum analysis conditions. The detection electrode was a 300-μm-diameter copper disk electrode at a detection potential of +0.65 V. The four carbohydrates could be well separated within 18 min in a 50-cm length fused-silica capillary at a separation voltage of 9 kV in a 50-mM NaOH aqueous solution. The relation between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about three orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 0.66 to 1.15 μM for all analytes. The results indicated that far infrared significantly enhanced the extraction efficiency of the carbohydrates in Folium Lysium Chinensis. The extraction time was significantly reduced to 7 min compared with several hours for conventional hot solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Aziz MA, Kim BK, Kim M, Yang SY, Lee HW, Han SW, Kim YI, Jon S, Yang H. Immunosensing Microchip Using Fast and Selective Preparation of an Iridium Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Pseudoreference Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shang J, Chen B, Lin W, Wong CP, Zhang D, Xu C, Liu J, Huang QA. Preparation of wafer-level glass cavities by a low-cost chemical foaming process (CFP). LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1532-1540. [PMID: 21387022 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00708k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel foaming process-chemical foaming process (CFP)-using foaming agents to fabricate wafer-level micro glass cavities including channels and bubbles was investigated. The process consists of the following steps sequentially: (1) shallow cavities were fabricated by a wet etching on a silicon wafer; (2) powders of a proper foaming agent were placed in a silicon cavity, named 'mother cavity', on the etched silicon surface; (3) the silicon cavities were sealed with a glass wafer by anodic bonding; (4) the bonded wafers were heated to above the softening point of the glass, and baked for several minutes, when the gas released by the decomposition of the foaming agent in the 'mother cavity' went into the other sealed interconnected silicon cavities to foam the softened glass into cylindrical channels named 'daughter channels', or spherical bubbles named 'son bubbles'. Results showed that wafer-level micro glass cavities with smooth wall surfaces were achieved successfully without contamination by the CFP. A model for the CFP was proposed to predict the final shape of the glass cavity. Experimental results corresponded with model predictions. The CFP provides a low-cost avenue to preparation of micro glass cavities of high quality for applications such as micro-reactors, micro total analysis systems (μTAS), analytical and bio-analytical applications, and MEMS packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Shang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang Z, Wang W, Wang W, Xu L, Chen G, Fu F. Separation and determination of β-casomorphins by using glass microfluidic chip electrophoresis together with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 34:196-201. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Zani A, Laschi S, Mascini M, Marrazza G. A New Electrochemical Multiplexed Assay for PSA Cancer Marker Detection. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fantuzzi A, Capria E, Mak LH, Dodhia VR, Sadeghi SJ, Collins S, Somers G, Huq E, Gilardi G. An Electrochemical Microfluidic Platform for Human P450 Drug Metabolism Profiling. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10222-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fantuzzi
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Ennio Capria
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Lok Hang Mak
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Vikash R Dodhia
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Sheila J. Sadeghi
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Stephen Collins
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Graham Somers
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Ejaz Huq
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy, NanoBioDesign Ltd, Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 97, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot,
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Alves-Segundo R, Ibañez-Garcia N, Baeza M, Puyol M, Alonso-Chamarro J. Towards a monolithically integrated microsystem based on the green tape ceramics technology for spectrophotometric measurements. Determination of chromium (VI) in water. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Trends in computational simulations of electrochemical processes under hydrodynamic flow in microchannels. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:183-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim BK, Yang SY, Aziz MA, Jo K, Sung D, Jon S, Woo HY, Yang H. Electrochemical Immunosensing Chip Using Selective Surface Modification, Capillary-Driven Microfluidic Control, and Signal Amplification by Redox Cycling. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Illa X, Ordeig O, Snakenborg D, Romano-Rodríguez A, Compton RG, Kutter JP. A cyclo olefin polymer microfluidic chip with integrated gold microelectrodes for aqueous and non-aqueous electrochemistry. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1254-1261. [PMID: 20445877 DOI: 10.1039/b926737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an entirely polymeric microfluidic system, made of cyclo olefin polymer (COP), with integrated gold microband electrodes for electrochemical applications in organic media. In the present work, we take advantage of the COP's high chemical stability to polar organic solvents in two different ways: (i) to fabricate gold microelectrodes using COP as a substrate by standard lithographic and lift-off techniques; and (ii) to perform electrochemical experiments in organic media. In particular, fourteen parallel gold microelectrodes with a width of 14 microm and separated from their closest neighbour by 16 microm were fabricated by lithographic and lift-off techniques on a 188 microm thick COP sheet. A closed channel configuration was obtained by pressure-assisted thermal bonding between the COP sheet containing the microelectrodes and a microstructured COP sheet, where a 3 cm long, 50 microm wide and 24 microm deep channel was fabricated via hot embossing. Cyclic voltammetric measurements were carried out in aqueous and organic media, using a solution consisting of 5 mM ferrocyanide/ferricyanide in 0.5 M KNO(3) and 5 mM ferrocene in 0.1 M TBAP/acetonitrile, respectively. Experimental currents obtained for different flow rates ranging from 1 to 10 microL min(-1) were compared to the theoretical steady state currents calculated by the Levich equation for a band electrode (R. G. Compton, A. C. Fisher, R. G. Wellington, P. J. Dobson and P. A. Leigh, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97, 10410-10415). In both cases, the difference between the experimental and the predicted data is less than 5%, thus validating the behaviour of the fabricated device. This result opens the possibility to use a microfluidic system made entirely from COP with integrated microband electrodes in organic electroanalysis and in electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavi Illa
- Universitat de Barcelona, MIND-IN(2)UB Department of Electronics, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang J, Tian B, Chatrathi MP, Escarpa A, Pumera M. Effects of heterogeneous electron-transfer rate on the resolution of electrophoretic separations based on microfluidics with end-column electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:3334-8. [PMID: 19728304 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that the electrode kinetics of an electrochemical detector contributes greatly to the resolution of the analyte bands in microchip electrophoresis systems with amperometric detection. The separation performance in terms of resolution and theoretical plate number can be improved and tailored by selecting or modifying the working electrode and/or by controlling the detection potential. Such improvements in the separation performance reflect the influence of the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate of electroactive analytes upon the post-channel band broadening, as illustrated for catechol and hydrazine compounds. The electrode kinetics thus has a profound effect not only on the sensitivity of electrochemical detectors but on the separation efficiency and the overall performance of microchip electrochemistry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Baeza M, López C, Alonso J, López-Santín J, Álvaro G. Ceramic Microsystem Incorporating a Microreactor with Immobilized Biocatalyst for Enzymatic Spectrophotometric Assays. Anal Chem 2009; 82:1006-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Baeza
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain, and Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Carmen López
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain, and Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Julián Alonso
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain, and Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Josep López-Santín
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain, and Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Gregorio Álvaro
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain, and Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Wu RG, Yang CS, Lian CK, Cheing CC, Tseng FG. Dual-asymmetry electrokinetic flow focusing for pre-concentration and analysis of catecholamines in CE electrochemical nanochannels. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2523-31. [PMID: 19639573 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a technique incorporating dual-asymmetry electrokinetic flow (DAEKF) was applied to a nanoCE electrochemical device for the pre-concentration and detection of catecholamines. The DAEKF was constructed by first generating a zeta-potential difference between the top and bottom walls, which had been pre-treated with O2 and H2O surface plasma, respectively, yielding a 2-D gradient shear flow across the channel depth. The shear flow was then exposed to a varying zeta-potential along the downstream direction by control of the field-effect in order to cause downward rotational flow in the channel. By this mechanism, almost all of the samples were effectively brought down to the electrode surface for analysis. Simulations were carried out to reveal the mechanism of concentration caused by the DAEKF, and the results reasonably describe our experiment findings. This DAEKF technique was applied to a glass/glass CE electrochemical nanochip for the analysis of catecholamines. The optimum detection limit was determined to be 1.25 and 3.3 nM of dopamine and catechol, respectively. A detection limit at the zeptomole level for dopamine can be obtained in this device, which is close to the level released by a single neuron cell in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Guei Wu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Trojanowicz M. Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 653:36-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pumera M, Escarpa A. Nanomaterials as electrochemical detectors in microfluidics and CE: Fundamentals, designs, and applications. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3315-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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