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Ntorkou M, Kabir A, Furton KG, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent-based capsule phase microextraction device combined with HPLC/post-column derivatization for the determination of lanreotide, a human somatostatin analogue in urine. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464674. [PMID: 38290172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent-based capsule phase microextraction (CPME) device was developed in combination with liquid chromatography-post column derivatization for the first ever reported determination of a somatostatin analogue - lanreotide in human urine. The sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent was encapsulated in the lumen of a polypropylene capillary tube and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The main steps of the CPME workflow were optimized to obtain high extraction efficiency for the target analyte. After the separation of the analyte on a C8 stationary phase, the peptide was derivatized online with o-phthalaldehyde before the fluorescence detection. The main experimental parameters of CPME and the post-column procedures were systematically investigated and optimized. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (LOD), and limits of quantification (LOQ). The relative bias ranged between 88.8 and 115.6 % for the peptide, while the RSD values for repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 14.3 %. The achieved limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 μΜ while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was established as 0.9 μΜ. Finally, the sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent-based microextraction capsules were found to be reusable for at least 20 extractions. The developed method presented adequate overall performance, and it could be applied in the analysis of selected peptide in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ntorkou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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2
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Xie W, Zhu X, Mei H, Guo H, Li H, Wang P, Li Y, Deng X, Zhu J, Hu C. Metal-organic frameworks as solid-phase microextraction adsorbents for the determination of triacetone triperoxide by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 352:111852. [PMID: 37839179 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is a high-power explosive which is often used by criminals. The detection of TATP is of great significance for solving the explosion cases. However, the preconcentration and analysis of trace levels of TATP still pose challenges for analytical researchers. In this study, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), including IRMOF-8, MOF-5, UIO-66, ZIF-8, and MIL-101(Cr), were immobilized on a stainless steel wire using a physical adhesive method as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. The prepared fibers with a controllable thickness were used for the extraction of TATP followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Under the identical experimental conditions, the IRMOF-8-coated fiber exhibited higher extraction efficiency for TATP than the other fibers. The IRMOF-8-coated fiber was then characterized using scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the IRMOF-8-coated fiber not only had good thermal and chemical stabilities but also afforded a high TATP extraction efficiency. Under the same extraction conditions, the extraction efficiency of the IRMOF-8-coated fiber was 2-8 times higher than those of commercial fibers. The limit of detection was 13 ng/mL, and linearity was observed in the range of 50-5000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.998. The intraday repeatability (n = 6), interday repeatability (n = 3), and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n = 3), were 4.1 %, 4.8 %, and 8.0 %, respectively. The recoveries of TATP from the simulated tap water and soil samples were 87.32-90.57 % and 88.76-100.93 %, respectively, with relative standard deviations lower than 11.11 % (n = 3). The above method was successfully applied for the detection of TATP transferred from a finger to a paper surface, demonstrating its good application prospects in the analysis of trace TATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Xie
- Peoples' Public Security University of China, PR China; Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Zhu
- Peoples' Public Security University of China, PR China; Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Hongcheng Mei
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Hongling Guo
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Yajun Li
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Xianhe Deng
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China.
| | - Can Hu
- Insititute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China.
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Peters R, Veenstra R, Heutinck K, Baas A, Munniks S, Knotter J. Human scent characterization: A review. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 349:111743. [PMID: 37315480 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human scent has long been cited as a probable parameter that can be exploited as a biometric measure. Identifying the scent of individual persons using specially trained canines is a well-known forensic method which is frequently used in criminal investigations. To date there has been limited research on the chemical components present in human scent and their usefulness in distinguishing between people. This review delivers insight into studies which have dealt with human scent in forensics. Sample collection methods, sample preparation, instrumental analysis, compounds identified in human scent and data analysis techniques are discussed. Methods for sample collection and preparation are presented, but to date, there is no available validated method. Instrumental methods are presented and from the overview it is clear that gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry is the method of choice. New developments such as two-dimensional gas chromatography offer exiting possibilities to collect more information. Given the amount and complexity of data, data processing is used to extract the relevant information to discriminate people. Finally, sensors offer new opportunities for the characterization of human scent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Peters
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, the Netherlands.
| | - Rick Veenstra
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Heutinck
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Baas
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Munniks
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Knotter
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Handelskade 75, 7417 DH Deventer, the Netherlands; Dutch Police Academy, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
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Simon A, Ong TH, Wrobel A, Mendum T, Kunz R. Review: Headspace Components of Explosives for Canine Non-Detonable Training Aid Development. Forensic Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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5
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Sommano SR, Chittasupho C, Ruksiriwanich W, Jantrawut P. The Cannabis Terpenes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5792. [PMID: 33302574 PMCID: PMC7763918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are the primary constituents of essential oils and are responsible for the aroma characteristics of cannabis. Together with the cannabinoids, terpenes illustrate synergic and/or entourage effect and their interactions have only been speculated in for the last few decades. Hundreds of terpenes are identified that allude to cannabis sensory attributes, contributing largely to the consumer's experiences and market price. They also enhance many therapeutic benefits, especially as aromatherapy. To shed light on the importance of terpenes in the cannabis industry, the purpose of this review is to morphologically describe sources of cannabis terpenes and to explain the biosynthesis and diversity of terpene profiles in different cannabis chemovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (W.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (W.R.); (P.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (W.R.); (P.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (W.R.); (P.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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6
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Wu S, Zhu R, Dong Y, Huang C, Shen X. Electromembrane extraction of barbiturates using tributyl phosphate as an efficient supported liquid membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1129:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Gonçalves J, Rosado T, Soares S, Simão AY, Caramelo D, Luís Â, Fernández N, Barroso M, Gallardo E, Duarte AP. Cannabis and Its Secondary Metabolites: Their Use as Therapeutic Drugs, Toxicological Aspects, and Analytical Determination. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E31. [PMID: 30813390 PMCID: PMC6473697 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the medicinal properties of Cannabis species have been known for centuries, the interest on its main active secondary metabolites as therapeutic alternatives for several pathologies has grown in recent years. This potential use has been a revolution worldwide concerning public health, production, use and sale of cannabis, and has led inclusively to legislation changes in some countries. The scientific advances and concerns of the scientific community have allowed a better understanding of cannabis derivatives as pharmacological options in several conditions, such as appetite stimulation, pain treatment, skin pathologies, anticonvulsant therapy, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. However, there is some controversy regarding the legal and ethical implications of their use and routes of administration, also concerning the adverse health consequences and deaths attributed to marijuana consumption, and these represent some of the complexities associated with the use of these compounds as therapeutic drugs. This review comprehends the main secondary metabolites of Cannabis, approaching their therapeutic potential and applications, as well as their potential risks, in order to differentiate the consumption as recreational drugs. There will be also a focus on the analytical methodologies for their analysis, in order to aid health professionals and toxicologists in cases where these compounds are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Soares
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Y Simão
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Débora Caramelo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Nicolás Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Toxicología y Química Legal, Laboratorio de Asesoramiento Toxicológico Analítico (CENATOXA). Junín 956 7mo piso. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses - Delegação do Sul, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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8
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A review of the application of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical methods – A systematic approach with focus on forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1108:32-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Kerr TJ. Sample preparation for the analysis of fire debris - Past and present. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4055-4066. [PMID: 30194809 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Identification of ignitable liquids from fire debris is such a major part of an arson investigation that much time and effort has gone into advancing sample preparation techniques to capture complicated and unexpected hydrocarbon compounds. Advancements in sample preparation have been made in order to account for biodegradation of commonly used accelerants, rarely encountered compounds, such as vegetable oils, biodiesel, and alcohols. Improvements have also been made to manage interference from the sample matrix, particularly with regards to new materials. This paper is a review of the sample preparation techniques that are foundational to fire debris analysis as well as recent advances. Also explored are modifications to the traditional sample preparation methods to accommodate the analysis of environmental samples (soil and water), and the presence of vegetable oils and biofuels on the fire scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Kerr
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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10
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Sampling method development and optimization in view of human hand odor analysis by thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5113-5124. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Yılmaz E, Garipcan B, Patra HK, Uzun L. Molecular Imprinting Applications in Forensic Science. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040691. [PMID: 28350333 PMCID: PMC5419804 DOI: 10.3390/s17040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Producing molecular imprinting-based materials has received increasing attention due to recognition selectivity, stability, cast effectiveness, and ease of production in various forms for a wide range of applications. The molecular imprinting technique has a variety of applications in the areas of the food industry, environmental monitoring, and medicine for diverse purposes like sample pretreatment, sensing, and separation/purification. A versatile usage, stability and recognition capabilities also make them perfect candidates for use in forensic sciences. Forensic science is a demanding area and there is a growing interest in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in this field. In this review, recent molecular imprinting applications in the related areas of forensic sciences are discussed while considering the literature of last two decades. Not only direct forensic applications but also studies of possible forensic value were taken into account like illicit drugs, banned sport drugs, effective toxins and chemical warfare agents in a review of over 100 articles. The literature was classified according to targets, material shapes, production strategies, detection method, and instrumentation. We aimed to summarize the current applications of MIPs in forensic science and put forth a projection of their potential uses as promising alternatives for benchmark competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkut Yılmaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34684 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58225 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06381 Ankara, Turkey.
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Castillo-Peinado LS, Luque de Castro MD. An overview on forensic analysis devoted to analytical chemists. Talanta 2017; 167:181-192. [PMID: 28340709 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present article has as main aim to show analytical chemists interested in forensic analysis the world they will face if decision in favor of being a forensic analytical chemist is adopted. With this purpose, the most outstanding aspects of forensic analysis in dealing with sampling (involving both bodily and no bodily samples), sample preparation, and analytical equipment used in detection, identification and quantitation of key sample components are critically discussed. The role of the great omics in forensic analysis, and the growing role of the youngest of the great omics -metabolomics- are also discussed. The foreseeable role of integrative omics is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Castillo-Peinado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; University of Córdoba, Agrifood Excellence Campus, ceiA3, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; University of Córdoba, Agrifood Excellence Campus, ceiA3, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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13
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Cuzuel V, Cognon G, Rivals I, Sauleau C, Heulard F, Thiébaut D, Vial J. Origin, Analytical Characterization, and Use of Human Odor in Forensics. J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:330-350. [PMID: 28120328 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing a strategy to characterize the odor prints of individuals should be relevant to support identification obtained using dogs in courts of justice. This article proposes an overview of the techniques used for the forensic profiling of human odor. After reviewing the origin of human odor-both genetic and physiological-the different analytical steps from sample collection to statistical data processing are presented. The first challenge is the collection of odor, whether by direct sampling with polymer patches, cotton gauze, etc., or indirect sampling with devices like Scent Transfer Unit. Then, analytical techniques are presented. Analyses are commonly performed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. As they yield large amounts of data, advanced statistical tools are needed to provide efficient and reliable data processing, which is essential to give more probative value to information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cuzuel
- UMR 8231 Chimie Biologie et Innovation (CBI), Laboratoire Sciences Analytiques Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation, ESPCI Paris-CNRS, PSL Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, PARIS Cedex, France.,Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Caserne Lange, 5 Boulevard de l'Hautil, BP 20312 Pontoise, 95037, Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Cognon
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Caserne Lange, 5 Boulevard de l'Hautil, BP 20312 Pontoise, 95037, Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, ESPCI Paris, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Charles Sauleau
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Caserne Lange, 5 Boulevard de l'Hautil, BP 20312 Pontoise, 95037, Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - François Heulard
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Caserne Lange, 5 Boulevard de l'Hautil, BP 20312 Pontoise, 95037, Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Didier Thiébaut
- UMR 8231 Chimie Biologie et Innovation (CBI), Laboratoire Sciences Analytiques Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation, ESPCI Paris-CNRS, PSL Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, PARIS Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Vial
- UMR 8231 Chimie Biologie et Innovation (CBI), Laboratoire Sciences Analytiques Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation, ESPCI Paris-CNRS, PSL Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, PARIS Cedex, France
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14
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Martín-Alberca C, Ortega-Ojeda FE, García-Ruiz C. Analytical tools for the analysis of fire debris. A review: 2008–2015. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 928:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Bell S, Seitzinger L. From binary presumptive assays to probabilistic assessments: Differentiation of shooters from non-shooters using IMS, OGSR, neural networks, and likelihood ratios. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 263:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Peltenburg H, Timmer N, Bosman IJ, Hermens JL, Droge ST. Sorption of structurally different ionized pharmaceutical and illicit drugs to a mixed-mode coated microsampler. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Rice S, Koziel JA. Characterizing the Smell of Marijuana by Odor Impact of Volatile Compounds: An Application of Simultaneous Chemical and Sensory Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144160. [PMID: 26657499 PMCID: PMC4684335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent US legislation permitting recreational use of marijuana in certain states brings the use of marijuana odor as probable cause for search and seizure to the forefront of forensic science, once again. This study showed the use of solid-phase microextraction with multidimensional gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and simultaneous human olfaction to characterize the total aroma of marijuana. The application of odor activity analysis offers an explanation as to why high volatile chemical concentration does not equate to most potent odor impact of a certain compound. This suggests that more attention should be focused on highly odorous compounds typically present in low concentrations, such as nonanal, decanol, o-cymene, benzaldehyde, which have more potent odor impact than previously reported marijuana headspace volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Rice
- Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jacek A. Koziel
- Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Martín-Alberca C, García-Ruiz C, Delémont O. Study of acidified ignitable liquid residues in fire debris by solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3218-3227. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín-Alberca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Olivier Delémont
- Ecole des Sciences Criminelles; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne-Dorigny Switzerland
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Abstract
Biomedical analyses of drugs and their metabolites are important in new drug development, therapeutic drug monitoring and forensic toxicology. In these analyses, sample preparation is very important to isolate target compounds from complex biological matrices and markedly influences the reliability and accuracy of determination. SPME is a simple and convenient sample preparation technique that has enabled automation, miniaturization and high-throughput performance. This article focuses on current developments, their biomedical applications and future trends with emphasis on new extraction devices using selective polymer coating materials in novel SPME techniques, including fiber SPME, in-tube SPME and related techniques.
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Sorption of amitriptyline and amphetamine to mixed-mode solid-phase microextraction in different test conditions. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1390:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Ng KM, Tang HW, Man SH, Mak PY, Choi YC, Wong MYM. Direct analysis of large living organism by megavolt electrostatic ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1515-1520. [PMID: 24924518 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new ambient ionization method allowing the direct chemical analysis of living human body by mass spectrometry (MS) was developed. This MS method, namely Megavolt Electrostatic Ionization Mass Spectrometry, is based on electrostatic charging of a living individual to megavolt (MV) potential, illicit drugs, and explosives on skin/glove, flammable solvent on cloth/tissue paper, and volatile food substances in breath were readily ionized and detected by a mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China,
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22
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Moran JW, Bell S. Skin permeation of organic gunshot residue: implications for sampling and analysis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6071-9. [PMID: 24837230 DOI: 10.1021/ac501227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional gunshot residue (GSR) analysis is based on detection of particulates formed from metals found in the primer. Recent concerns regarding the interpretation of GSR evidence has led to interest in alternatives such as the organic constituents (organic gunshot residue, OGSR) found in propellants. Previous work has shown OGSR to be detectable on hands for several hours after a firing event, and given the lipophilic nature of these compounds, it was expected that losses due to secondary transfer (an issue with GSR particulates) would be negligible. However, other loss mechanisms have been identified, specifically skin permeation and evaporation. This paper describes experimental and modeling studies used to elucidate characteristics of skin permeation of 5 compounds present in OGSR. Pharmaceutical methods were adapted to characterize skin permeation using a skin surrogate and Franz diffusion cells. The amount of compounds deposited on skin after an authentic firing event (1 and 2 shots) was experimentally determined and applied for the permeation experiments. A fully validated selected ion monitoring GC/MS method was developed for quantitative analysis, and easily accessible online tools were employed for modeling. Results showed that OGSR residues should be detectable on skin for many hours after a firing event of as few as one or two shots, with detection capability being a function of the efficacy of sampling and sample preparation and the instrumental method employed. The permeation rates of the OGSR compounds were sufficiently different to suggest the potential to develop methods to approximate time-since-deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wade Moran
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , 1600 University Avenue, Oglebay Hall Room 208, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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23
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Cacho J, Campillo N, Aliste M, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. Headspace sorptive extraction for the detection of combustion accelerants in fire debris. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 238:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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