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Bernal-Jácome LA, Izar-Landeta JM, Flores-Ramírez R, González-Salazar LF, Vargas-Berrones KX. Nonylphenol ethoxylate degradation in detergents during shelf time, a new exposure pathway, and a perspective on their substitution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33260-7. [PMID: 38607492 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Detergents are highly produced pollutants with environmental problems like foam generation and toxic effects in biota. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are efficient, economical, and versatile surfactants, used in detergents for more than 40 years due to their detergency capacity. In the environment, NPE biodegrades into the metabolite nonylphenol (NP), classified as an endocrine disruptor. The identification and quantification of 4-NP in a designed detergent and 30 commercially available detergents were performed to prove the degradation of NPE into 4-NP during storage time. This investigation introduces the first evidence of NPE degradation during storage in commercially available detergents, demonstrating a novel exposure pathway in humans that has not been explored before, representing potential human health risks. Therefore, simple, easy, low-cost, and available approaches to remove and substitute NP is paramount. Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) was assessed as a substitute, and the feasibility of this substitution was proven according to physical and chemical properties, cleaning performance, and antimicrobial properties. NPE substitution in detergents is demonstrated as a viable strategy to minimize exposure risks in humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Armando Bernal-Jácome
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado Edificio P. Facultad de Ingeniería, Zona Universitaria, Dr. Manuel Nava #8, C.P. 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Juan Manuel Izar-Landeta
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Carretera Rioverde-San Ciro Km 4.5, CP, 79610, Rioverde, San Luis Potosi, México
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación Para La Innovación y Aplicación de La Ciencia y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Luis Fernando González-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Karla Ximena Vargas-Berrones
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Carretera Rioverde-San Ciro Km 4.5, CP, 79610, Rioverde, San Luis Potosi, México.
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Li S, Yue N, Li M, Li X, Li B, Wang H, Wang J, Jin F. Occurrence and distribution of trisiloxane ethoxylates in citrus orchard soils in China: Analytical challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170603. [PMID: 38325469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Trisiloxane ethoxylates (TSEOn) are widely used as agricultural surfactants due to their significant synergism with the active ingredients of pesticides, generally, including three typical end groups which are hydroxyl (TSEOn-H), methoxy (TSEOn-CH3), and acetoxy (TSEOn-COCH3), respectively. However, the potential ecotoxicological and endocrine-disrupting risks of TSEOn congeners have recently attracted ever-growing concern. Above all, there is limited research on the concentration levels of TSEOn in agroecosystems. This study, simultaneous analysis of 39 TSEOn oligomers in citrus orchard soils in China was implemented by the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method detection limits (MDLs) and the method quantification limits (MQLs) for TSEOn were 0.003-0.07 μg/kg and 0.01-0.20 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries for TSEOn oligomers in soils ranged from 81 % ∼ 106 % with related standard deviations (RSDs) < 7 %. This newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity and stability allows us to successfully trace the occurrence of TSEOn congeners in the citrus orchard soils from 3 provinces and 1 municipality in China. The detected concentrations of TSEOn-H oligomers in the sampled soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.288 μg/kg (dry weight). The congener profiles of TSEOn-H were dominated by TSEOn-H (n = 6- 8) in the soils. Additionally, the total concentrations of TSEOn-H congeners (ΣTSEOn-H) in the soils were in the range of 0.03 to 1.49 μg/kg. A comparison of ΣTSEOn-H distribution among the different citrus orchard soils indicated a higher level of ΣTSEOn-H in the soil samples collected from Zhejiang Province. Notably, TSEOn-CH3 or TSEOn-COCH3 oligomers were not detected in the tested soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence and distribution of TSEOn congeners in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Yue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Pan J, Lu D, Yu L, Ye Z, Duan H, Narbad A, Zhao J, Zhai Q, Tian F, Chen W. Nonylphenol induces depressive behavior in rats and affects gut microbiota: A dose-dependent effect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123357. [PMID: 38228262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), an endocrine disruptor absorbed through food intake, was investigated in this study for its potential dose-response relationship with the manifestation of depression-like behavior in rats. Based on this, the mechanisms of NP-induced depressive behavior, encompassing neurotransmitters, gut barrier function, inflammatory response, gut microbiota composition and metabolites were further explored. At medium and high NP doses, both mRNA and protein levels of zonula occludens protein-1 and claudin-1 were considerably downregulated, concomitant with an elevation in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression in a dose-dependent effect, resulting in damage to the gut mucosa. Despite a minimal impact on behavior and gut barriers at low NP doses, alterations in gut microbiota composition were observed. During NP exposure, dose-dependent changes in the gut microbiota revealed a decline in microbial diversity linked to the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids. NP not only adversely affected the gut microbiota structure but also exacerbated central nervous system damage through the gut-brain axis. The accumulation of NP may cause neurotransmitter disturbances and inflammatory responses in the hippocampus, which also exacerbate depressed behavior in rats. Therefore, NP could exacerbate the inflammatory response in the hippocampus and colon by compromising intestinal barrier integrity, facilitating the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, impairing butyrate metabolism, and perturbing neurotransmitter homeostasis, thus aggravating the depressive behavior of rats. It is noteworthy that the changes in these indicators were related to the NP exposure dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Dezhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Zi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, 16 NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Shin C, Lee SM, Kim M, Kim YS. Simultaneous determination of the free and total forms of nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, and nonylphenol diethoxylate in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6583-6593. [PMID: 37712952 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) are widely used in various daily products and have been cataloged as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Due to their high lipophilicity and low biodegradability, these compounds remain in the environment and enter the human body through the food chain. Growing concerns regarding the potential negative effects of NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO on human health have raised the need for biomonitoring to investigate human exposure to these compounds. In this study, a simultaneous analysis method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established by controlling the background contamination of NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO, which are ubiquitous in laboratory environments. The proposed method showed proper linearity of over 0.999 and a recovery greater than 85.8% for all analytes. Accuracy and precision were verified in ranges of 92.97-116.30% and 0.65-9.29%, respectively. The detection limits for NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO were 0.0363 μg L-1, 0.0401 μg L-1, and 0.0364 μg L-1, respectively, which were suitable for determining the trace analytes in human urine. Therefore, this simple and integrated analytical method was applied to measure the free and total forms of the target analytes in 25 human urine samples collected in Korea. Overall, free NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO were detected with average contents of 3.94 ± 4.14 μg L-1, 4.63 ± 2.62 μg L-1, and 0.293 ± 0.638 μg L-1, respectively, and with total NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO contents of 6.14 ± 8.24 μg L-1, 5.99 ± 2.91 μg L-1, and 0.806 ± 1.10 μg L-1, respectively. These data showed that these compounds are prevalent in human urine, and indicate the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaerin Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, New Engineering Building, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehye Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, New Engineering Building, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, New Engineering Building, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Ventura J, Camargo FP, Sakamoto IK, Silva EL, Varesche MBA. Potential methanogenic and degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylate from domestic sewage: unravelling the essential roles of nutritional conditions and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1996-2010. [PMID: 34907848 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2018504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol ethoxylathe (NPEO) is a non-ionic surfactant of increasing concern, used in the formulation of laundry detergents and is frequently found in aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of yeast extract (YE) and sodium fumarate (SF) in NPEO removal from domestic sewage under anaerobic conditions via central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Experiments were designed by varying concentrations of NPEO (1.6-5.8 mg L-1), YE (131.8-468.2 mg L-1) and SF (97.7-602.3 mg L-1) in batch reactors. SF and YE addition significantly influenced NPEO removal and CH4 production. Optimal values of YE (400 mg L-1) and SF (200 mg L-1) result in removal efficiency of 97% for 5 mg L-1 of NPEO, being mostly removed by biodegradation (86%). Meanwhile COD removal was 95% and methane yield was 134 ± 4 NmLCH4 g-¹CODremoved. The most abundant Bacteria genus identified were Macellibacteroides, Longilinea, Petrimonas and Proteiniphilum, while for Archaea, Methanosaeta and Methanoregula were the genera identified in higher relative abundances in optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Ventura
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos 13563120, Brazil
| | - Franciele Pereira Camargo
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos 13563120, Brazil
| | - Isabel Kimiko Sakamoto
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos 13563120, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Silva
- Federal University of São Carlos, Chemical Engineering, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos 13563120, Brazil
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De la Parra-Guerra AC, Acevedo-Barrios R. Studies of Endocrine Disruptors: Nonylphenol and Isomers in Biological Models. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37057841 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Certain emerging pollutants are among the most widely used chemicals globally, causing widespread concern in relation to their use in products devoted to cleaniness and asepsis. Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOn) is one such contaminant, along with its degradation product, nonylphenol, an active ingredient presents in nonionic surfactants used as herbicides, cosmetics, paints, plastics, disinfectants, and detergents. These chemicals and their metabolites are commonly found in environmental matrices. Nonylphenol and NPEOn, used, are particularly concerning, given their role as endocrine disruptors chemical and possible neurotoxic effects recorded in several biological models, primarily aquatic organisms. Limiting and detecting these compounds remain of paramount importance. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the toxic effects of nonylphenol and NPEOn in different biological models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1-12. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C De la Parra-Guerra
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de La Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Biodiversity Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Rosa Acevedo-Barrios
- Grupo de Investigación en Estudios Químicos y Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia
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Simultaneous determination of phenolic pollutants in dairy products held in various types of packaging by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Nonylphenols in Foods by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020269. [PMID: 36673360 PMCID: PMC9858244 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are known to cause disorders in the endocrine systems of organisms. Due to their high lipophilicity and low degradability, these harmful substances are known to accumulate and persist in the environment, and even enter into the food chain. Analytical methods of liquid-liquid extraction using solid-phase extraction for sample clean-up combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were established to determine the presence of NPs in foods. This study aimed to develop and validate these methods using four food matrices representing high-fat and low-fat solid food, as well as high-fat and low-fat liquid food, groups. The single linear isomer 4-n-NP was used to validate the quantification of NPs, which exist in complex isomer mixtures. Our results showed good linearity, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.998 for all four matrices. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.37-1.79 and 1.11-5.41 μg/kg, respectively. Recovery rates were 86.8-108.6% and 92.6-101.9% for intraday and interday assays, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 12% for both assays. The method was applied to analyze 1185 domestic food samples consumed by Koreans, with NPs detected at concentration ranges of 2.57-269.07 μg/kg. Results for each food type over wide concentration ranges indicated that these compounds are highly dependent on the area of cultivation, and are affected by the levels of those contaminants in different environments. The contents of NPs in foods from animal sources were generally higher than those from plant sources, in particular being higher in the intestines than in lean tissue. The present findings could form the basis for determining the level of dietary exposure to NPs and how each food source contributes to it in South Korea.
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Rang Y, Liu H, Liu C. The mechanisms of learning and memory impairment caused by nonylphenol: a narrative review based on in vivo and in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5530-5539. [PMID: 36434456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory play a fundamental role on brain cognitive functions which are crucial for human life. Nonylphenol (NP), a serious environmental pollutant over the world, is proven to be harmful for learning and memory mainly via diet exposure. Currently, besides the administrative restrictions for the use of NP, there are rarely other effective approaches against learning and memory impairment caused by NP. This review summarized the mechanisms underlying NP-induced learning and memory impairment according to in vivo and in vitro experiments. Based on the studies involved in behavior tests, these mechanisms were classified as oxidative stress, neurotransmitter disorder, synaptic plasticity impairment, and neuron injury. In addition, according to the studies which did not conduct behavior tests, the possible mechanisms underlying NP-induced learning and memory impairment were proposed as chronic inflammation and gut permeability increment. Furthermore, this review also revealed the demanding questions for the mechanism investigations and therapeutic methods. Notably, the summarized mechanisms might accelerate the prevention and remediation of NP-induced learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Schinkel L, Lara-Martín PA, Giger W, Hollender J, Berg M. Synthetic surfactants in Swiss sewage sludges: Analytical challenges, concentrations and per capita loads. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151361. [PMID: 34808174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are high-production-volume chemicals that are among the most abundant organic pollutants in municipal wastewater. In this study, sewage sludge samples of 36 Swiss wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), serving 32% of the country's population, were analyzed for major surfactant classes by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The analyses required a variety of complementary approaches due to different analytical challenges, including matrix effects (which can affect adduct ion formation) and the lack of reference standards. The most abundant contaminants were linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS; weighted mean [WM] concentration of 3700 μg g-1 dry weight), followed by secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS; 190 μg g-1). Alcohol polyethoxylates (AEO; 8.3 μg g-1), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEO; 16 μg g-1), nonylphenol (NP; 3.1 μg g-1), nonylphenol ethoxy carboxylates (NPEC; 0.35 μg g-1) and tert-octylphenol (tert-OP, 1.8 μg g-1) were present at much lower concentrations. This concentration pattern agrees with the production volumes of the surfactants and their fates in WWTPs. Branched AEO homologues dominated over linear homologues, probably due to higher persistence. Sludge concentrations of LAS, SAS, and NP were positively correlated with the residence time in the anaerobic digester. Derivation of the per capita loads successfully revealed potential industrial/commercial emission sources. Comparison of recent versus historic data showed a decrease in NPEO and NP levels by one or two orders of magnitude since their ban in the 1980s. By contrast, LAS still exhibit similar concentrations compared to 30 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schinkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real 11510, Spain
| | - Walter Giger
- Giger Research Consulting, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Arifin SNH, Radin Mohamed RMS, Al-Gheethi AA, Wei LC, Yashni G, Fitriani N, Naushad M, Albadarin AB. Modified TiO₂ nanotubes-zeolite composite photocatalyst: Characteristics, microstructure and applicability for degrading triclocarban. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132278. [PMID: 34826939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the characteristics and effectiveness of modified TiO2 nanotubes with zeolite as a composite photocatalyst (MTNZC) for the degradation of triclocarban (TCC) from the aqueous solution. MTNZC samples have been produced via electrochemical anodisation (ECA) followed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Three independent factors selected include MTNZC size (0.5-1 cm2), pH (3-10), and irradiation time (10-60 min). The observation revealed that the surface of Ti substrate by the 40 V of anodisation and 3 h of calcination was covered with the array ordered, smooth and optimum elongated nanotubes with average tube length was approximately 5.1 μm. EDS analysis proved the presence of Si, Mg, Al, and Na on MTNZC due to the chemical composition present in the zeolite. The average crystallite size of TiO₂ nanotubes increased from 2.07 to 3.95 nm by increasing anodisation voltage (10, 40, and 60 V) followed by 450 °C of calcination for 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively. The optimisation by RSM shows the F-value (36.12), the p-value of all responses were less than 0.0001, and the 95% confidence level of the model by all the responses indicated the model was significant. The R2 in the range of 0.9433-0.9906 showed the suitability of the model to represent the actual relationship among the parameters. The photocatalytic degradation rate of TCC from the first and the fifth cycles were 94.2 and 77.4%, indicating the applicability of MTNZC to be used for several cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Hidayah Arifin
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Adel Ali Al-Gheethi
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Lai Chin Wei
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS), University of Malaya, 3rd Floor, Block A, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G Yashni
- School of Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nilai University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nurina Fitriani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Jl.Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad B Albadarin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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12
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Liu J, Ren C, Xia Y, Hu X, Fang Y. Nonylcyclohexanol ethoxylates, a green alternative of nonylphenol ethoxylate, on the interfacial physiochemical properties aspects. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Conglin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yongmei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Xueyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
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13
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Ke Q, Yang J, Liu H, Huang Z, Bu L, Jin D, Liu C. Dose- and time-effects responses of Nonylphenol on oxidative stress in rat through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112185. [PMID: 33836420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is a representative environmental endocrine-disrupting compound that can induce oxidative stress in organisms. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway acts an important role in preventing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oxidative stress caused by NP on Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in rats. Rats were treated with NP (30, 90, 270 mg/kg) for different exposure time (7, 14 and 28 days). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum and glutathione S-transferase (GST), UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase (UGT) in liver were detected by ELISA kits. Western blot was used to detect Keap1, Nrf2 protein expression in liver and cerebral cortex. The results showed that 28 days of NP exposure significantly increased ROS levels in NPH group. And 14 days exposure to NP significantly enhanced the levels of GST and UGT, while 28 days of exposure showed a suppressive effect. In liver, Keap1 levels was upregulated at 7, 14 and 28 days of NP exposure, while nuclear Nrf2 levels decreased at 7 and 28 days but increased at 14 days. In cerebral cortex, Keap1 and Nrf2 expression increased at 14 days but decreased at 28 days. Besides, with the prolongation of NP exposure time, the GST and UGT levels in NPM and NPH groups were increased firstly and then decreased, while Keap1 and Nrf2 protein levels were constantly decreased in liver and cerebral cortex. In conclusion, the lower dose and shorter exposure time of NP activated the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway that may reduce the damage of oxidative stress, but when further exposed to NP at higher dose and time, the pathway could be inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhua Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhuoquan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lingling Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dengpeng Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chunhong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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14
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Bereketoglu C, Nacar G, Sari T, Mertoglu B, Pradhan A. Transcriptomic analysis of nonylphenol effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10794. [PMID: 33614281 PMCID: PMC7882136 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is a bioaccumulative environmental estrogen that is widely used as a nonionic surfactant. We have previously examined short-term effects of NP on yeast cells using microarray technology. In the present study, we investigated the adaptive response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 cells to NP exposure by analyzing genome-wide transcriptional profiles using RNA-sequencing. We used 2 mg/L NP concentration for 40 days of exposure. Gene expression analysis showed that a total of 948 genes were differentially expressed. Of these, 834 genes were downregulated, while 114 genes were significantly upregulated. GO enrichment analysis revealed that 369 GO terms were significantly affected by NP exposure. Further analysis showed that many of the differentially expressed genes were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, iron and copper acquisition, autophagy, pleiotropic drug resistance and cell cycle progression related processes such as DNA and mismatch repair, chromosome segregation, spindle checkpoint activity, and kinetochore organization. Overall, these results provide considerable information and a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive response to NP exposure at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Bereketoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gozde Nacar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sari
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Mertoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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15
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He X, Qi Z, Gao J, Huang K, Li M, Springael D, Zhang XX. Nonylphenol ethoxylates biodegradation increases estrogenicity of textile wastewater in biological treatment systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116137. [PMID: 32750586 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of estrogenic intermediates, i.e. nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), and nonylphenol (NP), following nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) biodegradation in textile wastewater raises concerns about its endocrine disruptive activity, but the estrogenicity changes of textile wastewater throughout biological treatment processes remain unknown. In the present study, the estrogenicity of textile wastewater sampled from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated using the reporter gene-based T47D-KBluc bioassay. Results showed that the estrogenicity of the textile wastewater significantly increased after either anaerobic or aerobic treatment in all WWTPs, with an average fold change of 3.21, although traditional pollutants were effectively removed. The estradiol equivalents of the effluent (ranging from 1.50 to 4.12 ng-E2/L) were generally higher than published effect based trigger values, indicating an increased risk for the receiving waters. Removal efficiency was high (84.46%) for NPEOs, but was low for NP2EO and NP1EO in the biological treatment processes. Nevertheless, NP had increased concentrations after the treatment. Bioanalytical equivalent concentration of the textile wastewater and that of NP2EO, NP1EO, and NP showed a good linear correlation, of which NP alone contributed more than 70% to the observed estrogenicity. Extending hydraulic retention time was found effective in reducing the estrogenicity as it allows relatively complete degradation of NP, which was further confirmed by running lab-scale A/O reactors fed with NP10EO. The results may extend our knowledge regarding the estrogenicity of textile wastewater and its reduction technologies used in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhaodong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kailong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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16
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Wang Q, Gao Y, Huang H, Wang L, Jin K, Chen Y. Does electrolysis facilitate simultaneous nitrogen removal and toxicity reduction of low C/N dyeing wastewater by sulfur-based denitrification biofilter? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137898. [PMID: 32199387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concern about wastewater effluent toxicity has motivated the innovation of enhancement technologies on sulfur-based denitrification biofilter in recent years. Electrolysis is a common technology to reduce or remove toxic pollutants. However, the effect of electrolysis on simultaneous total nitrogen (TN) removal and toxicity reduction in sulfur-based denitrification biofilter has not been reported yet. Herein, for the first time, this study investigated the synergistic effects of electrolysis-induced TN removal and toxicity reduction of secondary effluent of dyeing wastewater containing 20 μg/L of nonylphenol (NP), at different carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N) in several sulfur-based denitrification biofilters. All of the biofilters achieved the denitrification rate of 300.15 g∙N/m3∙d during the stabilization period at C/N = 5. The CSAHD (ceramisite and sulfur as filters) biofilter had highest TN removal rate to achieve the denitrification rate of 257.46 g∙N/m3·d at C/N = 2. Siderite and dolomite both facilitated TN removal efficiency by 9.3%-12.6% under low C/N ratio and acted as the buffer agent in biofilters. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test showed that the amount of leached heavy metals was lower than the concentration limit standard of USEPA. Electrolysis did not promote the removal of TN, however, it could reduce NP concentration and increase the biotoxicity relative inhibition rate of effluent by 12.5%-167%, and affect the functional microbial community structure. Our work clarified some misunderstandings about the application of electrolysis-based strengthening technology and enlightened the future development of simultaneous TN removal and toxicity reduction of dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Yixing Environmental Research Institute of Nanjing University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laichun Wang
- Yixing Environmental Research Institute of Nanjing University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Yixing Environmental Research Institute of Nanjing University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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17
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Vargas-Berrones K, Díaz de León-Martínez L, Bernal-Jácome L, Rodriguez-Aguilar M, Ávila-Galarza A, Flores-Ramírez R. Rapid analysis of 4-nonylphenol by solid phase microextraction in water samples. Talanta 2020; 209:120546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Xu J, Zhu G, Zhang H, Liu J, Jiang K. Differentiation of isomeric cresols by silylation in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8576. [PMID: 31498942 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE m-Cresol is listed as a priority controlled contaminant in many countries, but it is very difficult to accurately determine isomeric cresols due to their incomplete chromatographic separation on commercially available chromatographic columns and their nearly identical mass spectra. METHODS Silylation of isomeric cresols was carried out by treatment with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The formed trimethyl(tolyloxy)silanes were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Theoretical calculations were carried out with the Gaussian 03 program using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,p) level. RESULTS The derivatives of three isomeric cresols and six isomeric xylenols have been completely separated on an HP-5MS capillary column within a GC run of only 10 minutes. In addition, the derivative o-cresol can be very easily differentiated from its isomers due to its characteristic base peak ion at m/z 91 in electron ionization (EI)-MS. DFT calculation results indicated that the formation of the abundant fragment ion at m/z 91 is attributed to a facile dissociation pathway involving the shift of a neighboring phenylmethyl hydrogen atom in EI-MS of trimethyl(o-tolyloxy)silane. CONCLUSIONS Silylation provides a promising solution for simultaneous determination of isomeric cresols and isomeric xylenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Guohua Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Kezhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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19
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de Bruin W, Kritzinger Q, Bornman R, Korsten L. Occurrence, fate and toxic effects of the industrial endocrine disrupter, nonylphenol, on plants - A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:419-427. [PMID: 31220782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) and its detrimental effects on the environment, humans, wildlife, fish and birds is an increasingly important global research focus. The number of investigations on the toxicity and metabolic fate of NP in plants is however limited. This paper reviews the prevalence and source of NP in plants and the effect it has on its morphological, physiological and ultrastructural status. Fruit and vegetables have been found to contain levels of NP that is twenty-fold exceeding the no observable effect level (NOEL) of freshwater algae. Apart from the potential risk this poses to the health of consumers, it can overburden the plant's natural defence system, leading to growth disorders. Plants exposed to NP show signs of overall growth reduction, changes in organelle structure and oxidative damage. These adverse effects may exacerbate the food security dilemma faced by many countries and impede their progress towards attaining the sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke de Bruin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation: Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Quenton Kritzinger
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation: Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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20
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Xu J, Lee ES, Gye MC, Kim YP. Rapid and sensitive determination of bisphenol A using aptamer and split DNAzyme. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:110-116. [PMID: 31026631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing concern regarding bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) upon environmental or human exposure, development of simple method for BPA detection has been hampered, due to the lack of a stable bioreceptor and signal generator. Here, we report a nucleic acid-based rapid and sensitive method for BPA detection, which constitutes a ssDNA aptamer and ssDNAzyme. When the peroxidase-like DNAzyme sequence was split into two parts (one incorporated into the anti-BPA aptamer as a target recognition element and the other into the complementary sequence as a bait), the presence of BPA hindered the association of the split DNA sequence, leading to a reduced signal in the DNAzyme-triggered chemiluminescence (CL). Thus, this NA-based CL measurement permitted the detection of BPA at as low as 5 nM with a broad dynamic range of five orders and with high selectivity towards BPA over other EDCs with structural similarity. With the development of aptamers, our detection method is expected to facilitate studies to monitor EDCs with high simplicity and sensitivity in the field of environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Song Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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