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Hu K, Zhou W, Yang C, Wang Y, Jiang RW, Zhang Z, Pawliszyn J. Rapid screening of drugs in environmental water using metal organic framework/Ti 3C 2T x composite coated blade spray-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134609. [PMID: 38759280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous rapid screening of multiple drugs of abuse in environmental water facilitates effective monitoring and trend assessments. Herein, a novel porphyrin-based metal organic frameworks modified Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (Cu-TCPP/Ti3C2Tx) composite was prepared and utilized as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for the simultaneous analysis of 21 drugs from water samples. The composite was embedded with matrix-compatible polyacrylonitrile binder to prepare a coated blade with thin and uniform coating layer. Ambient mass spectrometry (MS) technique was used to create a coated blade spray-MS (CBS-MS) method for the quantitative determination of drugs in water samples. High throughput and automated sample preparation were achieved with the use of a Concept 96-well plate system, enabling analysis of 21 drugs of abuse within 1 min per sample, while using only 8 µL of organic solvent for desorption and CBS-MS detection. The developed method showed favorable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9983) in the range of 0.05 to 10 ng mL-1, low limits of detection (1.5-9.0 ng L-1), sufficient recovery (67.6-133.2%), as well as satisfactory precision (RSDs≤13.5%). This study not only delivers a novel and efficient SPME coating composite, but also demonstrates the excellent performance of a high-throughput, efficient, and green analytical method for determination of drugs in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Cheng Yang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runshan Will Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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2
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Yang L, Li P, Han Y, Han D, Yan H. Porous chlorine-functionalized covalent organic framework anchored graphene aerogel composite for synergically enhanced solid phase microextraction of polychlorinated naphthalene in environmental water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133909. [PMID: 38432094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The residues of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) produced in multiple industrial production and life processes are continuously entering environmental waters through atmospheric deposition and land drainage, and the water pollution caused by PCNs is continuing public concern due to their potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Herein, a new chlorine-functionalized covalent organic framework anchored graphene aerogel (COF-GA) was synthesized by covalent modification technology and used as fiber coating of solid-phase microextraction for synergically enhanced extraction of PCNs in environmental water. The extraction efficiency of COF-GA coated fiber was superior to commercial fiber due to the multiple interactions (π-π, hydrophobic interaction, and halogen bonding interaction). The COF-GA coated fiber has good stability, can avoid water vapor interference at 80 °C for a long time (30 -50 min) to maintain adsorption equilibrium, and can be reused at least 96 times. Combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a sensitive method for the high-efficient enrichment (enrichment factors were 501 -7453 folds) and ultra-sensitive detection (LODs were 0.001 -0.428 pg/mL) of PCNs in environmental water was established. The enrichment factor for PCNs is significantly higher than in previous studies. This proposed method provides new technical support for the daily monitoring and risk assessment of trace PCNs in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lansen Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yehong Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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3
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Goryński K, Sobczak Ł. Quantification of prohibited substances and endogenous corticosteroids in saliva using traditional, alternative microextraction-based, and novel 3D printed sample-preparation methods coupled with LC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1291:342236. [PMID: 38280791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Oral fluid has gained significant interest as an alternative matrix for drug testing due to its easy and non-invasive collection. Despite these advantages, achieving suitably low limits of detection remains a clear challenge in the use of oral fluids for drug screening. In this study, we demonstrate that the application of commercially available SPME fibers followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry can enable the comprehensive detection and confirmation of drugs in oral fluid samples. To this end, we develop and test a sample-preparation protocol for a panel of 46 drugs covering the most popular drugs of abuse and doping agents available worldwide. Human saliva samples were collected using a Salivette® device (CE IVD certified) and sampled using SPME devices coated with a C18 extraction phase. The proposed protocol was validated with respect to its lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), linearity, matrix effects, precision, and extraction recovery. Linearity was confirmed for all compounds (R2 > 0.97), except for testosterone (R2 = 0.953) and metandrostenolon (R2 = 0.958). Furthermore, 4 compounds suffered from matrix effects, with less than 10 % deviation from acceptance criteria. After analytical validation, saliva samples from volunteers were analyzed to determine free concentrations of cortisol at different times after awaking. Finally, a 3D-printed prototype device was designed and successfully applied to extract small molecules, thus demonstrating a new modern low-cost approach for bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goryński
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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4
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Liu H, He X, Hu X, Pan B, Huang Z, Shen J. Hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction of fatty acid methyl esters from wastewater coupled with micro sample collector assisted injection technique. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464415. [PMID: 37783003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction combined with micro sample collector assisted injection technique was developed for the detection of trace fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel wastewater. Polypropylene hollow fiber was employed as extraction material to absorb fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel wastewater. After the adsorption, hollow fiber was sleeved on the needle core of a micro sample collector and introduced directly into a GC injector for thermal desorption of the analytes. The selectivity of polypropylene hollow fiber on fatty acid methyl esters was investigated by extracting common pollutants in wastewater. Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factors of polypropylene hollow fiber for methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, and methyl stearate were tested as high as 471, 287, 527, and 801, respectively. The quantitative method was validated and the linearity was satisfactory over a concentration range of 10-2000 µg/L with the correlation coefficients more than 0.9990 for 4 fatty acid methyl esters. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.04-0.40 µg/L and 10.0 µg/L, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 92.0-116.7% by analyzing actual spiked samples. The results showed that the established method was suitable for the analysis of trace fatty acid methyl esters in water samples, with simple operation, low cost and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinying He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xueqian Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Baoquan Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, China
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5
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu C, Huang Z, Hu B. Detection of abused drugs in human exhaled breath using mass spectrometry: A review. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9503. [PMID: 36914281 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human breath analysis has been attracting increasing interest in the detection of abused drugs in forensic and clinical applications because of its noninvasive sampling and distinctive molecular information. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches have been proven to be powerful tools for accurately analyzing exhaled abused drugs. The major advantages of MS-based approaches include high sensitivity, high specificity, and versatile couplings with various breath sampling methods. METHODS Recent advances in the methodological development of MS analysis of exhaled abused drugs are discussed. Breath collection and sample pretreatment methods for MS analysis are also introduced. RESULTS Recent advances in technical aspects of breath sampling methods are summarized, highlighting active and passive sampling. MS methods for detecting different exhaled abused drugs are reviewed, emphasizing their features, advantages, and limitations. The future trends and challenges in MS-based breath analysis of exhaled abused drugs are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS The coupling of breath sampling methods with MS approaches has been proven to be a powerful tool for the detection of exhaled abused drugs, offering highly attractive results in forensic investigations. MS-based detection of exhaled abused drugs in exhaled breath is a relatively new field and is still in the early stages of methodological development. New MS technologies promise a substantial benefit for future forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology (Ministry of Public Security), Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxu Huang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Farajzadeh MA, Khoshnavaz N, Pezhhanfar S, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Introduction of a new and safe synthesis procedure for Ni-MOF-I in aqueous solution and its application for the extraction of some pesticides from different beverages. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21673-21684. [PMID: 37476043 PMCID: PMC10354589 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, this research introduces an analytical application of Ni-MOF-I, which was used as an adsorbent in a dispersive micro solid phase extraction procedure followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and preconcentration of seven pesticides from different fruit juices. Also, Ni-MOF-I was synthesized by a new and green method with many advantages over the previously published synthesis procedures. For example, effortless and green synthesis, no need for autoclaves and ovens, and elimination of organic solvent usage are the main highlights. The synthesized Ni-MOF-I was characterized by applying nitrogen adsorption/desorption, energy-dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The studied pesticides were extracted and preconcentrated by the proposed method. Then, the extracted analytes in the sedimented organic phase were injected into a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Acceptable analytical results such as low limits of detection (0.15-0.60 μg L-1) and quantification (0.50-2.0 μg L-1), reasonable extraction recoveries (51-80%), high enrichment factors (255-400), satisfactory relative standard deviation values of 4.8-7.2% (intra-day precision, n = 6) and 5.3-7.5% (inter-day precision, n = 4), and wide linear ranges were obtained. The proposed method can be introduced as an effective analytical technique based on Ni-MOF-I for the analysis of different pesticides in fruit beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran +98 41 33340191 +98 41 33393084
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University Mersin 10 99138 Nicosia North Cyprus Turkey
| | - Nastaran Khoshnavaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran +98 41 33340191 +98 41 33393084
| | - Sakha Pezhhanfar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran +98 41 33340191 +98 41 33393084
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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7
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Huang TY, Yu JCC. Carbon nanotubes-assisted solid-phase microextraction for the extraction of gasoline in fire debris samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1701:464063. [PMID: 37201431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gasoline is one of the most encountered ignitable liquids (IL) in fire debris analysis. The extraction of gasoline from fire debris samples presents challenges due to the complicated nature of multicomponent mixtures. This research work proposed a novel carbon nanotube-assisted solid phase microextraction (CNT-SPME) fiber coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine gasoline residues for fire debris analysis. The CNT-SPME fiber was prepared by a sequential coating of polydopamine, epoxy, and CNTs on a stainless-steel wire. The extraction capabilities of the CNT-SPME fiber for gasoline and its major aromatic groups (xylenes, alkylbenzenes, indanes, and naphthalenes) from neat and spiked samples were promising, with linear dynamic ranges of 0.4-12.5 and 3.1-12.5 µg 20-mL-1 headspace vial, respectively. The average relative standard deviations and accuracies for all concentration ranges in this work were lower than 15%. The relative recovery of the CNT-SPME fiber for all aromatic groups ranged from 28 ± 3% to 59 ± 2%. Additionally, the CNT-SPME fiber showed a higher selectivity for the naphthalenes group in gasoline, as indicated by the experimental outcome using a pulsed thermal desorption process of the extracts. We envision the nanomaterial-based SPME offers promising opportunities for extracting and detecting other ILs to support fire investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Huang
- Department of Forensic Science, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Blwers Blvd., Huntsville, TX 77340, United States
| | - Jorn Chi Chung Yu
- Department of Forensic Science, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Blwers Blvd., Huntsville, TX 77340, United States.
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8
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Demirel R, Erarpat S, Bodur S, Günkara ÖT, Bakırdere S, Turak F. Synthesis of Isotopic Labelled Paracetamol Benzoate‐
d3
and Its Application in the Determination of Paracetamol. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Demirel
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Sezin Erarpat
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
- İstinye University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry 34010 İstanbul Türkiye
- İstinye University Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center 34010 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Ömer Tahir Günkara
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112 06670, Çankaya Ankara Türkiye
| | - Fatma Turak
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
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9
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Płotka-Wasylka J, Jatkowska N, Paszkiewicz M, Caban M, Fares MY, Dogan A, Garrigues S, Manousi N, Kalogiouri N, Nowak PM, Samanidou VF, de la Guardia M. Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 1. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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10
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Xu F, Zhou J, Yang H, Chen L, Zhong J, Peng Y, Wu K, Wang Y, Fan H, Yang X, Zhao Y. Recent advances in exhaled breath sample preparation technologies for drug of abuse detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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de Campos VM, Andrade MA, Maciel EVS, de Toffoli AL, Lanças FM. Environmentally friendly analysis of sulphonamides in Brazilian honey through automated and miniaturised sample preparation coupled with LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:925-937. [PMID: 35333701 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2045364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased use of environmentally friendly practices has become a trend in science because of the current awareness regarding climate change and related issues. Similarly for analytical chemistry, considering the development of greener methods for reducing the use of reagents and samples and also toxic waste generation. To meet such goals, automation, and miniaturisation of sample preparation-a well-recognised laborious and time-consuming analytical step-are two promising strategies. This work associates the greener aspects of miniaturisation and the performance of automated sample preparation. Therefore, we proposed an analytical method using a miniaturised extraction column for pre-concentrating sulphamerazine, sulphamethazine, sulphamethoxazole, sulphadimethoxine, sulphathiazole, and sulphachlorpyridazine from honey and cleaning-up the samples. Several variables were optimised: extractive phase, loading flow, loading phase, and loading time. Under optimised conditions, the method showed adequate linearity between 5.0 and 60 ng g-1 with R > 0.99, and also good selectivity and recovery (114.6-124.1%) which are acceptable according to Brazilian legislation. Intra and inter-day precision were in the range 3.0-5.0%. Although sulphonamides were detected in one of the eight commercial honey samples, the value was below the established MRL. The method showed efficiency, while also exhibiting greener characteristics resulting from miniaturisation and automation, representing a promising environmentally friendly alternative for conventional sample preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória M de Campos
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariane A Andrade
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo V S Maciel
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia de Toffoli
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Lanças
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Dias RP, Nam SL, Schmidt SA, de la Mata AP, Harynuk J. Multivariate Optimization Procedure for Dynamic Headspace Extractions Coupled to GC(×GC). LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.gi5670v6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous chemicals of great interest in the study of aromas and flavours of foods. Many recent studies present optimized headspace (HS) and dynamic headspace (DHS) methods for specific sample types; however, the literature does not present (to the best of our knowledge) a generalized procedure for the thorough optimization of a DHS extraction. This article presents an approach using design of experiments (DoE) for the optimization of DHS extraction parameters. The approach is demonstrated for two different food sample types with diverse populations of VOCs: active sourdough colony as an example with a high moisture content, and sourdough bread as an example with a lower moisture content. Optimized methods are assessed for VOC extraction reproducibility and exhaustiveness; guidelines for DHS optimization are presented.
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13
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Shahhoseini F, Azizi A, Bottaro CS. Single-use porous polymer thin-film device: A reliable sampler for analysis of drugs in small volumes of biofluids. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1203:339651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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14
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Sobczak Ł, Kołodziej D, Goryński K. Modifying current thin-film microextraction (TFME) solutions for analyzing prohibited substances: Evaluating new coatings using liquid chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:470-480. [PMID: 35811627 PMCID: PMC9257446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For identifying and quantifying prohibited substances, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) continues to arouse interest as a sample preparation method. However, the practical implementation of this method in routine laboratory testing is currently hindered by the limited number of coatings compatible with the ubiquitous high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems. Only octadecyl (C18) and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene ligands are currently marketed for this purpose. To address this situation, the present study evaluated 12 HPLC-compatible coatings, including several chemistries not currently used in this application. The stationary phases of SPME devices in the geometry of thin film-coated blades were prepared by applying silica particles bonded with various functional ligands (C18, octyl, phenyl-hexyl, 3-cyanopropyl, benzenesulfonic acid, and selected combinations of these), as well as unbonded silica, to a metal support. Most of these chemistries have not been previously used as microextraction coatings. The 48 most commonly misused substances were selected to assess the extraction efficacy of each coating, and eight desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption conditions. All samples were analyzed using an HPLC system coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. This evaluation enables selection of the best-performing coatings for quantifying prohibited substances and investigates the relationship between extraction efficacy and the physicochemical characteristics of the analytes. Ultimately, using the most suitable coatings is essential for trace-level analysis of chemically diverse prohibited substances. 12 HPLC-compatible TFME coatings were evaluated for extraction of small molecules. 8 desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption conditions. 48 prohibited substances (drugs of abuse and doping agents) were used as analytes. A mixed coating comprising octyl/3-cyanopropyl (50/50) provided the best results.
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15
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Azizi A, Shahhoseini F, Bottaro CS. Biological matrix compatible porous thin film for quick extraction of drugs of abuse from urine prior to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2022; 241:123264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Rahimi M, Bahar S, Amininasab SM. Preparation of Molecular Imprinted Polymer Based on Chitosan as the Selective Sorbent for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phenobarbital. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:9027920. [PMID: 35874170 PMCID: PMC9300383 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9027920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the construction of a novel SPME fiber based on chitosan and glutaraldehyde as coating material composites combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) for extraction and detection of phenobarbital. In this technique, the chitosan biopolymer, as a new coating of SPME fiber, was produced on the stainless-steel wire, using glutaraldehyde and phenobarbital as cross-linker and template, respectively. For comparison, a nonimprinted polymer was created using the same procedure to evaluate fiber selectivity (but without the addition of phenobarbital). The SPME-MIP fiber coating was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The efficiency of fiber was then improved by adjusting the impact of numerous factors such as pH, extraction time, desorption time, desorption solvent, and stirring rate. The results showed that the proposed fiber has a linear range of 0.01-4 μg·mL-1, and detection limit of 7.5 ng·mL-1. The average recoveries in the four concentration levels for the spiked river and well water samples were 95.7 and 95.3%, with relative standard deviations of 3.8 and 5.9% for single fiber and between fibers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Soleiman Bahar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - S. Mojtaba Amininasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
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17
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Peng S, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Zheng J, Zhu F, Xu J, Ouyang G. Novel solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:282-304. [PMID: 34799963 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The materials used for the fabrication of solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings in the past five years are summarized in the current review, including carbon, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, aerogel, polymer, ionic liquids/poly (ionic liquids), metal oxides, and natural materials. The preparation approaches of different coatings, such as sol-gel technique, in-situ growth, electrodeposition, and glue methods, are briefly reviewed together with the evolution of the supporting substrates. In addition, the limitations of the current coatings and the future development directions of solid-phase microextraction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiquan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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18
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Turoňová D, Kujovská Krčmová L, Švec F. Application of microextraction in pipette tips in clinical and forensic toxicology. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154413. [PMID: 34361565 PMCID: PMC8347298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Octadecyl (C18) groups are arguably the most popular ligands used for preparation of solid phase microextraction (SPME) devices. However, conventional C18-bonded silica particles are not fully compatible with the nearly 100% aqueous composition of typical biological samples (e.g., plasma, saliva, or urine). This study presents the first evaluation of thin-film SPME devices coated with special water-compatible C18-bonded particles. Device performance was assessed by extracting a mixture of 30 model compounds that exhibited various chemical structures and properties, such as hydrophobicity. Additionally, nine unique compositions of desorption solvents were tested. Thin-film SPME devices coated with C18-bonded silica particles with polar end-capping groups (10 µm) were compared with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped C18-bonded silica particles of various sizes (5, 10, and 45 µm) and characteristics. Polar end-capped particles provided the best extraction efficacy and were characterized by the strongest correlations between the efficacy of the extraction process and the hydrophobicity of the analytes. The results suggest that the original features of octadecyl ligands are best preserved in aqueous conditions by polar end-capped particles, unlike with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped particles that are currently used to prepare SPME devices. The benefits associated with this improved type of coating encourage further implementation of microextractraction as greener alternative to the traditional sample preparation methods.
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20
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Fanali C, D'Orazio G, Gentili A, Fanali S. Potentiality of miniaturized techniques for the analysis of drugs of abuse. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:190-200. [PMID: 34148240 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electromigration (CE) and liquid chromatographic techniques (CLC/nano-LC) are miniaturized techniques offering distinct advantages over conventional ones in the field of separation science. Among these, high efficiency, high chromatographic resolution, and use of minute volumes of both mobile phase and sample volumes are the most important. CE and CLC/nano-LC have been applied to the analysis of many compounds including peptides, proteins, drugs, enantiomers, ions, etc. Over the years, the methods described here have also been used for the analysis of compounds of clinical, forensic, and toxicological interest. In this review article, the main features of the mentioned techniques are summarized. Their potentiality for the analysis of drugs of abuse are discussed. Some selected applications in this field in the period of 2015-present are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Faculty of Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Orazio
- Institute for the Biological Systems, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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21
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Shahhoseini F, Langille EA, Azizi A, Bottaro CS. Thin film molecularly imprinted polymer (TF-MIP), a selective and single-use extraction device for high-throughput analysis of biological samples. Analyst 2021; 146:3157-3168. [PMID: 33999057 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing selectivity, reducing matrix effects and increasing analytical throughput have been the main objectives in the development of biological sample preparation techniques. A thin film molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is employed for extraction and analysis of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as a model class of compounds in human plasma for the first time to reach the abovementioned goals. The thin film MIPs prepared on a metal substrate can be used directly for extraction from biological matrices with no sample manipulation steps and no pre-conditioning. This method was validated with good linearity (R2 > 0.99 in 1.0-500.0 ng mL-1 range), excellent accuracy (90% -110%) and precision (RSD % value less than 15%) in pooled human plasma samples (N = 3). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for TCAs in plasma samples were between 1.0-5.0 ng mL-1 which are lower than the therapeutic ranges of these drugs. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed the superior performance of MIP sorbent compared to a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) sorbent in extracting TCAs from a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. The optimized and validated method for pooled human plasma was utilized for monitoring the concentration of TCAs in three patient samples who had been prescribed TCAs. These selective single-use thin film extraction devices are promising for efficient and fast procedures for analyzing biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Shahhoseini
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3X7, Canada.
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22
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Sobczak Ł, Goryński K. Evaluation of swabs from 15 commercially available oral fluid sample collection devices for the analysis of commonly abused substances: doping agents and drugs of abuse. Analyst 2021; 145:7279-7288. [PMID: 33063793 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral fluid testing is steadily building its position as a valuable complement or alternative to plasma and urine analyses in everyday laboratory practice. However, the great significance of the sample collection process in the attainment of representative results is not always paralleled by the attention given to its informed selection. Few evaluations of commercially available sample collection devices have been published until now, and the current work intends to fill this gap by presenting an evaluation of swabs from 15 different devices for the analysis of 49 popular drugs. Swabs, derived from sample collection devices, were used to collect a drug-fortified mixture. Then, swab-retrieved samples were subjected to instrumental analysis with the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method. Results within the 80-120% range were considered to have no significant impact on analyte concentration (thus satisfactory) and were observed in 44.1% of all results. Out of the 15 evaluated swabs, 7 provided results in the aforementioned range for more than half of the substances under study. The possibility of matrix effects originating from swab materials was also investigated. The selection of an appropriate oral fluid sample collection method plays a critical role in the success of the analytical procedure, a fact that is well-illustrated by the tremendous differences between analyte concentrations observed in this research. Perhaps, the tedious labour of improving sample preparation and analysis methods already in-use could be spared if only greater emphasis were to be put on the improvement and better selection of suitable solutions for oral fluid collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Sobczak
- Bioanalysis Scientific Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, dr. Antoniego Jurasza 2 street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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23
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Chen X, Wu X, Luan T, Jiang R, Ouyang G. Sample preparation and instrumental methods for illicit drugs in environmental and biological samples: A review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461961. [PMID: 33582515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection of illicit drugs in the environmental samples has been challenged as the consumption increases globally. Current review examines the recent developments and applications of sample preparation techniques for illicit drugs in solid, liquid, and gas samples. For solid samples, traditional sample preparation methods such as liquid-phase extraction, solid-phase extraction, and the ones with external energy including microwave-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted, and pressurized liquid extraction were commonly used. The sample preparation methods mainly applied for liquid samples were microextraction techniques including solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction, and so on. Capillary microextraction of volatiles and airborne particulate sampling were primarily utilized to extract illicit drugs from gas samples. Besides, the paper introduced recently developed instrumental techniques applied to detect illicit drugs. Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry were the most widely used methods for illicit drugs samples. In addition, the development of ambient mass spectrometry techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and paper spray mass spectrometry, created potential for rapid in-situ analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlv Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and safety, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruifen Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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24
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Behzadi M. Facile fabrication and application of poly(ortho-phenetidine) nanocomposite coating for solid-phase microextraction of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wastewaters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111568. [PMID: 33396097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The waters and wastewaters around industrial areas are heavily polluted and have adverse effects on the ecosystems. The present study is mainly focused on the electropolymerization of ortho-phenetidine and co-deposited on a steel wire along with graphene oxide nanosheets as a novel coating for solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous media prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PAHs are composed of multiple aromatic rings which have been linked to skin, lung, bladder and liver. Cancer is a primary human health risk of exposure to PAHs. To obtain a firm and stable coating, several empirical factors relevant to the electrochemical process were investigated. Characterization for chemical structure and surface morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite was conducted with FT-IR spectroscopy and FE-SEM, respectively. XRD and TGA were applied to study the other properties of the nanocomposite. Some essential items involved in microextraction process were also checked in details. Under optimized case, validation parameters were assessed. Wide linearity (0.005-5.0 ng mL-1), low detection limits (0.4-4.3 pg mL-1) and good repeatability (3.6-9.5%) and reproducibility (7.6-11.8%) were achieved. The developed method was utilized to analyze contaminated real samples such as wastewater samples from coal processing industries and agricultural water samples collected from the vicinity of the industry in different seasons and high recoveries were obtained, finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Behzadi
- Department of Mining Engineering, High Education Complex of Zarand, Zarand, Iran.
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25
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Rocío-Bautista P, Famiglini G, Termopoli V, Palma P, Nazdrajić E, Pawliszyn J, Cappiello A. Direct Coupling of Bio-SPME to Liquid Electron Ionization-MS/MS via a Modified Microfluidic Open Interface. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:262-269. [PMID: 33213139 PMCID: PMC8016190 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a modified microfluidic open interface (MOI) for the direct coupling of Bio-SPME to a liquid electron ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LEI-MS/MS) system as a sensitive technique that can directly analyze biological samples without the need for sample cleanup or chromatographic separations as well as without measurable matrix effects (ME). We selected fentanyl as test compound. The method uses a C18 Bio-SPME fiber by direct immersion (DI) in urine and plasma and the subsequent quick desorption (1 min) in a flow-isolated volume (2.5 μL) filled with an internal standard-acetonitrile solution. The sample is then transferred to an EI source of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer via a LEI interface at a nanoscale flow rate. The desorption and analysis procedure requires less than 10 min. Up to 150 samples can be analyzed without observing a performance decline, with fentanyl quantitation at microgram-per-liter levels. The method workflow is extremely dependable, relatively fast, sustainable, and leads to reproducible results that enable the high-throughput screening of various biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Rocío-Bautista
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Famiglini
- Department
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- Department
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Pierangela Palma
- Department
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Chemistry
Department, Vancouver Island University
VIU, Nanaimo, BC V9R5S5 Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajić
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Achille Cappiello
- Department
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Chemistry
Department, Vancouver Island University
VIU, Nanaimo, BC V9R5S5 Canada
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26
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Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S, de la Guardia M. Sample preparation strategies for the determination of psychoactive substances in biological fluids. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Qi FF, Ma TY, Fan YM, Chu LL, Liu Y, Yu Y. Nanoparticle-based polyacrylonitrile monolithic column for highly efficient micro solid-phase extraction of carotenoids and vitamins in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461755. [PMID: 33278673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a biocompatible monolithic column based micro-solid-phase extraction (µ-SPE) method was developed for biological fluid analysis. A novel nanoparticle-based polyacrylonitrile monolithic column (C30 NP-PMC) was fabricated by incorporating triacontyl (C30) modified silica nanoparticles (NPs) into the polyacrylonitrile monolithic matrix through thermally induced phase separation. With efficient mass transfer and sorption capacity, C30 NP-PMC exhibited outstanding performance for the extraction of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) from human serum samples, superior to commercial C18 cartridges as well as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. Under optimal conditions, the proposed µ-SPE method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) achieved satisfactory limits of detection (LODs) (1.5-75.0 ng/mL) and good recoveries (85.0-106.5 %) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12.1% by consuming lower sorbent (35.0 mg) and organic solvent (0.8 mL). Successful application of the developed method demonstrated the great potential of such monolithic sorbents for efficient isolation and preconcentration of trace analytes from blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Qi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tian-You Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Meng Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Ling Chu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China.
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28
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Borden SA, Palaty J, Termopoli V, Famiglini G, Cappiello A, Gill CG, Palma P. MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF DRUGS OF ABUSE: CHALLENGES AND EMERGING STRATEGIES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:703-744. [PMID: 32048319 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has been the "gold standard" for drugs of abuse (DoA) analysis for many decades because of the selectivity and sensitivity it affords. Recent progress in all aspects of mass spectrometry has seen significant developments in the field of DoA analysis. Mass spectrometry is particularly well suited to address the rapidly proliferating number of very high potency, novel psychoactive substances that are causing an alarming number of fatalities worldwide. This review surveys advancements in the areas of sample preparation, gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, as well as the rapidly emerging field of ambient ionization mass spectrometry. We have predominantly targeted literature progress over the past ten years and present our outlook for the future. © 2020 Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Borden
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jan Palaty
- LifeLabs Medical Laboratories, Burnaby, BC, V3W 1H8, Canada
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Famiglini
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Achille Cappiello
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Chris G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Pierangela Palma
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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29
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Marrubini G, Dugheri S, Cappelli G, Arcangeli G, Mucci N, Appelblad P, Melzi C, Speltini A. Experimental designs for solid-phase microextraction method development in bioanalysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1119:77-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Mafra G, Birk L, Scheid C, Eller S, Brognoli R, de Oliveira TF, Carasek E, Merib J. A straightforward and semiautomated membrane-based method as efficient tool for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in urine samples using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461088. [PMID: 32327224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel and straightforward analytical methodology was proposed for the determination of cocaine (COC) and its main metabolites benzoylecgonine (BZE) cocaethylene (CE) and hydroxy‑cocaine (COCOH) in urine samples. This approach consisted of a high-throughput and semiautomated configuration based on hollow-fiber renewal liquid membrane extraction (HFRLM) coupled to a 96-well plate system, which was proposed for the first time to analyze complex biological samples such as urine. The analytical determinations were performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). The analytical methodology was fully optimized through Doehlert and simplex-centroid designs, and univariate approaches. Polypropylene membranes of 1 cm length were inserted in the pins of an extraction blade combined with a 96-well plate system and its pores were filled with hexane:dichloromethane:ethyl acetate (1:1:1 v/v/v) for 180 s; moreover, 20 µL of this mixture was added to the sample to allow for a renewable liquid membrane. The extraction step was carried out by keeping the blades immersed in vials containing 1.5 mL of diluted urine adjusted at pH 10 with 10% (w/v) of Na2CO3 during 20 min, followed by liquid desorption with 100 µL of acetonitrile. Finally, the extract was dried under N2 stream and resuspended with 20 µL of ultrapure water. Satisfactory analytical performance was obtained with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.9875 for BZE to 0.9986 for CE; intra-day precision ranged from 1.6 to 13.5%, and inter-day precision varied from 2.2 to 17.5%. Limits of detection ranged from 1.5 to 15.1 ng mL-1, and limits of quantification varied from 5 to 50 ng mL-1, with relative recoveries varied from 70.7 to 124.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mafra
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Letícia Birk
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Scheid
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brognoli
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Josias Merib
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil.
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Li J, An J, Jiang Y. Development of a method of hollow fiber-based solid-phase microextraction followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of five antipsychotics in human whole blood and urine. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kamgang Nzekoue F, Angeloni S, Caprioli G, Cortese M, Maggi F, Marconi UMB, Perali A, Ricciutelli M, Sagratini G, Vittori S. Fiber-Sample Distance, An Important Parameter To Be Considered in Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Applications. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7478-7484. [PMID: 32380828 PMCID: PMC8007069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
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To
define and control the parameters which impact headspace solid-phase
microextraction (HS-SPME), it is important to reach the highest level
of reproducibility. The present study aims to assess, for the first
time, the effect of fiber–sample distance during HS-SPME in
pre-equilibrium conditions. Analyses were primarily performed on mixtures
of standard volatiles compounds (alkanes, alcohols, organic acids)
designed in our lab and then on various food matrices (wine, chicken,
cheese, tea), repeating already published experiments. Extractions
were performed varying fiber penetration depths (10–60 mm)
at different times (10–60 min) and temperatures of extraction
(30–80 °C). The study revealed that variation of the
distance between the fiber and the sample into the vial clearly impacts
the results obtained during HS-SPME when conditions are such that
no equilibrium is reached in HS. For example, in wine analysis, the
percentage of octanoic acid at 80 °C was higher at 40 mm (7.5
± 0.2%) than that at 20 mm (4.4 ± 0.3%). Moreover, regardless
of the extraction temperature, the lower the time of extraction, the
stronger the dependence on the fiber–sample distance. Indeed,
at 60 °C, the obtained response factors for octadecane at 20
and 40 mm of fiber penetration were 21.8 and 44.5, respectively, after
10 min of extraction, 54.1 and 71.0 after 30 min, and 79.4 and 82.4
after 60 min of extraction. The analyses have been here corroborated
by a theoretical model based on the diffusion equation. Therefore,
to improve the method robustness during HS-SPME studies, we suggest
specifying the fiber penetration depth or the fiber–sample
distance with the other parameters of extraction.
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Adlnasab L, Shahdousti P, Ahmar H. Layered double hydroxide intercalated with tyrosine for ultrasonic-assisted microextraction of tramadol and methadone from biological samples followed by GC/MS analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:265. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Treder N, Bączek T, Wychodnik K, Rogowska J, Wolska L, Plenis A. The Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Effectiveness of Analytical Methods Used in the Monitoring of Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Biological and Environmental Samples-Trends and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:E286. [PMID: 31936806 PMCID: PMC7024248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen the increased utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) in the development and optimization of analytical methods. Their unique and eco-friendly properties and the ability to modify their structure allows them to be useful both at the sample preparation stage and at the separation stage of the analytes. The use of ILs for the analysis of pharmaceuticals seems particularly interesting because of their systematic delivery to the environment. Nowadays, they are commonly detected in many countries at very low concentration levels. However, due to their specific physiological activity, pharmaceuticals are responsible for bioaccumulation and toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems as well as possibly upsetting the body's equilibrium, leading to the dangerous phenomenon of drug resistance. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of the use of ILs in various sample preparation procedures and separation methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental and biological matrices based on liquid-based chromatography (LC, SFC, TLC), gas chromatography (GC) and electromigration techniques (e.g., capillary electrophoresis (CE)). Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of ILs, which can appear during extraction and separation, will be presented and attention will be given to the criteria to be followed during the selection of ILs for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Treder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Wychodnik
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23 A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.W.); (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Justyna Rogowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23 A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.W.); (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23 A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.W.); (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.T.); (T.B.)
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Podzhilkova AN, Eremin SA, Babkina SS. [Immunochromatographic analysis of determination of narcotic substances using test systems containing gold nanoparticles, on the example of morphine and amphetamine]. Sud Med Ekspert 2020; 63:59-64. [PMID: 32930537 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20206305159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a constant expansion of the range of narcotic substances that differ from each other by a small structural fragment. The option of determining narcotic substances using test panels is widespread due to its rapidity and high specificity through the use of immunochemical reactions. The purpose of the study was to optimize the determination of morphine and amphetamine in bioobjects (synthetic and natural urine) using immunochromatographic analysis with new test panels and to select the optimal conditions for mass analysis. Test panels were used to detect the presence of amphetamine and morphine. For color recording of the results of analysis, colloidal gold nanoparticles were used. The principle of operation of these test panels is described. The sensitivity of the test panels is such that it is possible to avoid false-positive results. It was found that with the help of test panels it is possible to determine narcotic substances in a concentration lower than stated in the instructions (300 ng/ml). The actual detection limit for amphetamine was 75 ng/ml and morphine 100 ng/ml. The analytical characteristics of the developed metho-dology were determined: detection limit, precision, truth and specificity. The specificity was proved by conducting ICA to detect the presence of cross-reactions of test systems to amphetamine and morphine using structural analogues - adrenaline 1000 and codeine 300, respectively. The study did not receive false positive results for these molecules using the proposed test panels. Immunochromatographic test systems are optimal for drug detection, especially when conducting mass studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Podzhilkova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov of the Moscow Institute of Radioengineering, Electronics and Automation, MIREA - Russian University of Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Babkina
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov of the Moscow Institute of Radioengineering, Electronics and Automation, MIREA - Russian University of Technology, Moscow, Russia
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Sobiech M, Giebułtowicz J, Luliński P. Theoretical and experimental proof for selective response of imprinted sorbent - analysis of hordenine in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1613:460677. [PMID: 31727352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to extend comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigations at the molecular level to identify factors responsible for the high selectivity of imprinted sorbents. This knowledge was utilized in a new analytical strategy devoted to the analysis of hordenine in human urine after beer consumption. Among the various polymeric compositions tested, the most effective material was built up from methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (MIP1), showing a satisfactory binding capacity (4.44 ± 0.15 µmol g-1) and high specificity towards hordenine (AF = 5.90). The comprehensive analyses of porosity data and surface measurements revealed differences between imprinted polymers. The characterization of binding sites of MIP1 revealed a heterogeneous population with two values of Kd (2.75 and 370 μmol L-1) and two values of Bmax (1.82 and 99 μmol g-1) for higher and lower affinity respectively. The extensive theoretical analyses of interactions between various analytes and the MIP model cavity showed the highest binding energy for hordenine (ΔEB1 = -175.17 kcal mol-1). The method was validated for selectivity, lowest limit of quantification, calibration curve performance, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, carry-over and stability in urine. Extracts were prepared according to guidelines of the European Medicines Agency. The validation criteria were fulfilled, and the method was satisfactorily applied to urine samples collected prior to, and 2 h after, consumption of 2 L of beer, revealing the presence of hordenine at the mean level of 129 ± 27 ng mL-1. Additionally, ability of the sorbent to purify the urine sample was assessed using flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry, for comparison with other extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sobiech
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Luliński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik A. Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zilfidou E, Kabir A, Furton KG, Samanidou V. An improved fabric phase sorptive extraction method for the determination of five selected antidepressant drug residues in human blood serum prior to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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