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Varfaj I, Labikova M, Sardella R, Hettegger H, Lindner W, Kohout M, Carotti A. A journey in unraveling the enantiorecognition mechanism of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-amino acids with two Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral stationary phases: The power of molecular dynamic simulations. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1314:342791. [PMID: 38876520 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in computer hardware and software capabilities have paved the way for advances in molecular modelling techniques and methods, leading to an unprecedented expansion of their potential applications. In contrast to the docking technique, which usually identifies the most stable selector-selectand (SO-SA) complex for each enantiomer, the molecular dynamics (MD) technique enables the consideration of a distribution of the SO-SA complexes based on their energy profile. This approach provides a more truthful representation of the processes occurring within the column. However, benchmark procedures and focused guidelines for computational treatment of enantioselectivity at the molecular level are still missing. RESULTS Twenty-eight molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the enantiorecognition mechanisms of seven N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylated α- and β-amino acids (DNB-AAs), occurring with the two quinine- and quinidine-based (QN-AX and QD-AX) chiral stationary phases (CSPs), under polar-ionic conditions. The MD protocol was optimized in terms of box size, simulation run time, and frame recording frequency. Subsequently, all the trajectories were analyzed by calculating both the type and amount of the interactions engaged by the selectands (SAs) with the two chiral selectors (SOs), as well as the conformational and interaction energy profiles of the formed SA-SO associates. All the MDs were in strict agreement with the experimental enantiomeric elution order and allowed to establish (i) that salt-bridge and H-bond interactions play a pivotal role in the enantiorecognition mechanisms, and (ii) that the π-cation and π-π interactions are the discriminant chemical features between the two SOs in ruling the chiral recognition mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work clearly demonstrate the high contribution given by MD simulations in the comprehension of the enantiorecognition mechanism with Cinchona alkaloid-based CSPs. However, from this research endeavor it clearly emerged that the MD protocol optimization is crucial for the quality of the produced results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Labikova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hubert Hettegger
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, BOKU University, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cellulose High-Tech Materials, BOKU University, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Alawadi M, Fakhari AR, Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S. Dextrin-assisted gel electromembrane extraction of chiral drugs: Improving the extraction efficiency and investigation of enantioselectivity of extraction. Talanta 2024; 274:126016. [PMID: 38599118 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the use of dextrins (maltodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) to improve the efficiency of the agarose-based gel electromembrane extraction technique for extracting chiral basic drugs (citalopram, hydroxyzine, and cetirizine). Additionally, it examines the enantioselectivity of the extraction process for these drugs. To achieve these, dextrins were incorporated into either the sample solution, the membrane, or the acceptor solution, and then the extraction procedure was performed. Enantiomers were separated and analyzed using a capillary electrophoresis device equipped with a UV detector. The results obtained under the optimal extraction conditions (sample solution pH: 4.0, acceptor solution pH: 2.0, gel membrane pH: 3.0, agarose concentration: 3 % w/v, stirring rate: 1000 rpm, gel thickness: 4.4 mm, extraction voltage: 62.3 V, and extraction time: 32.1 min) indicated that incorporating dextrins into either the sample solution, membrane or the acceptor solution enhances extraction efficiency by 17.3-23.1 %. The most significant increase was observed when hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was added to the acceptor solution. The findings indicated that the inclusion of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the sample solution resulted in an enantioselective extraction, yielding an enantiomeric excess of 6.42-7.14 %. The proposed method showed a linear range of 5.0-2000 ng/mL for enantiomers of model drugs. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for all enantiomers were found to be < 4.5 ng/mL and <15.0 ng/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day RSDs (n = 4) were less than 10.8 %, and the relative errors were less than 3.2 % for all the enantiomers. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to determine concentrations of enantiomers in a urine sample with relative recoveries of 96.8-99.2 %, indicating good reliability of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alawadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fakhari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Mammone FR, Panusa A, Risoluti R, Cirilli R. Green HPLC Enantioseparation of Chemopreventive Chiral Isothiocyanates Homologs on an Immobilized Chiral Stationary Phase Based on Amylose tris-[( S)-α-Methylbenzylcarbamate]. Molecules 2024; 29:2895. [PMID: 38930960 PMCID: PMC11206679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane is a chiral phytochemical with chemopreventive properties. The presence of a stereogenic sulfur atom is responsible for the chirality of the natural isothiocyanate. The key role of sulfur chirality in biological activity is underscored by studies of the efficacy of individual enantiomers as chemoprotective agents. The predominant native (R) enantiomer is active, whereas the (S) antipode is inactive or has little or no biological activity. Here we provide an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) protocol for the direct and complete resolution of sulforaphane and its chiral natural homologs with different aliphatic chain lengths between the sulfinyl sulfur and isothiocyanate group, namely iberin, alyssin, and hesperin. The chromatographic separations were carried out on the immobilized-type CHIRALPAK IH-3 chiral stationary phase with amylose tris-[(S)-methylbenzylcarbamate] as a chiral selector. The effects of different mobile phases consisting of pure alcoholic solvents and hydroalcoholic mixtures on enantiomer retention and enantioselectivity were carefully investigated. Simple and environmentally friendly enantioselective conditions for the resolution of all chiral ITCs were found. In particular, pure ethanol and highly aqueous mobile phases gave excellent enantioseparations. The retention factors of the enantiomers were recorded as the water content in the aqueous-organic modifier (methanol, ethanol, or acetonitrile) mobile phases progressively varied. U-shaped retention maps were generated, indicating a dual and competitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography retention mechanism on the CHIRALPAK IH-3 chiral stationary phase. Finally, experimental chiroptical studies performed in ethanol solution showed that the (R) enantiomers were eluted before the (S) counterpart under all eluent conditions investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Mammone
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Panusa
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (A.P.)
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Huang J, Wang X, Huang T, Yang Y, Tu J, Zou J, Yang H, Yang R. Application of sodium sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin based on encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121985. [PMID: 38494236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sodium Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) is a derivative of β-cyclodextrin, characterized by its stereo structure, which closely resembles a truncated cone with a hydrophobic internal cavity. The solubility of insoluble substances within the hydrophobic cavity is significantly enhanced, reducing contact between the guest and the environment. Consequently, SBE-β-CD is frequently employed as a co-solvent and stabilizer. As the research progresses, it has been observed that the inclusion of SBE-β-CD is reversible and competitive. Besides, some inclusion complexes undergo distinct physicochemical property alterations compared to the guests. Additionally, certain guests exhibit varying inclusions with SBE-β-CD at different concentrations. These features have contributed to the expanding applications. SBE-β-CD finds widespread application in pharmaceutics as a protective agent and pKa regulator, in pharmaceutical analysis as a chiral substance separator, and in biomedical engineering for encapsulating dyes and modifying sensors. The article will elaborate in detail on the physicochemical properties of SBE-β-CD, encapsulation principles, and factors influencing the formation of inclusion complexes. Furthermore, the review focuses on the application of SBE-β-CD through encapsulation in pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical analysis, and biomedical engineering. Finally, the prospects and potential applications of SBE-β-CD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Zou
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China.
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Luo Y, Deng X, Zhang Y, Sun G, Yan Z. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction of 2-cyclohexylmandelic acid enantiomers using chiral ionic liquids. Chirality 2024; 36:e23682. [PMID: 38807280 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining optically pure compounds in an eco-friendly and cost-efficient manner plays an important role in human health and pharmaceutical industry. Racemic separation using multistage stereoselective liquid-liquid extraction has become one of the most practical and effective approach to access homochiral enantiomers. Currently, chiral ionic liquids (CILs) with structural designability have become a promising chiral additive and enable them as adjustable candidates for racemic separation. Herein, a high-effective stereoselective liquid-liquid extraction process composed of imidazolium cations and amino acid-derived anions as the chiral additive was established for racemic 2-cyclohexylmandelic acid (CHMA) separation. We have systematically investigated the choice of organic solvent, concentration of CIL, extraction temperature, and the pH of aqueous phase. For three-stage stereoselective extraction, the maximum enantiomeric excess (e.e.) for CHMA was reached up to 40.6%. Furthermore, the mechanism of steric effect and stereoselective capacity between the CILs and racemic CHMA was discussed and simulated. We envision that the work will facilitate the development of CILs in multistage liquid-liquid extraction and promote the large-scale production of optically pure enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Luo
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Genlin Sun
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Kontrec D, Jurin M, Jakas A, Roje M. New Levan-Based Chiral Stationary Phases: Synthesis and Comparative HPLC Enantioseparation of (±)- trans-β-Lactam Ureas in the Polar Organic Mode. Molecules 2024; 29:2213. [PMID: 38792075 PMCID: PMC11124272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the preparation of three new polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on levan carbamates (3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, and 1-naphthyl) is described. The enantioseparation of (±)-trans-β-lactam ureas 1a-h was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on six different chiral columns (Chiralpak AD-3, Chiralcel OD-3, Chirallica PST-7, Chirallica PST-8, Chirallica PST-9, and Chirallica PST-10) in the polar organic mode, using pure methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and acetonitrile (ACN). Apart from the Chirallica PST-9 column (based on levan tris(1-naphthylcarbamate), the columns exhibited a satisfactory chiral recognition ability for the tested trans-β-lactam ureas 1a-h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mladenka Jurin
- Laboratory for Chiral Technologies, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (A.J.)
| | | | - Marin Roje
- Laboratory for Chiral Technologies, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (A.J.)
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7
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Scriba GKE. Update on chiral recognition mechanisms in separation science. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400148. [PMID: 38772711 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The stereospecific analysis of chiral molecules is an important issue in many scientific fields. In separation sciences, this is achieved via the formation of transient diastereomeric complexes between a chiral selector and the selectand enantiomers driven by molecular interactions including electrostatic, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, van der Waals or π-π interactions as well as hydrogen or halogen bonds depending on the nature of selector and selectand. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods are currently the most frequently applied techniques to understand the selector-selectand interactions at a molecular level and to draw conclusions on the chiral separation mechanism. The present short review summarizes some of the recent achievements for the understanding of the chiral recognition of the most important chiral selectors combining separation techniques with molecular modeling and/or spectroscopic techniques dating between 2020 and early 2024. The selectors include polysaccharide derivatives, cyclodextrins, macrocyclic glycopeptides, proteins, donor-acceptor type selectors, ion-exchangers, crown ethers, and molecular micelles. The application of chiral ionic liquids and chiral deep eutectic solvents, as well as further selectors, are also briefly addressed. A compilation of all published literature on chiral selectors has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Tanács D, Berkecz R, Bozsó Z, Tóth GK, Armstrong DW, Péter A, Ilisz I. Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Newly Synthesized Fluorinated Tryptophan Analogs Applying Macrocyclic Glycopeptides-Based Chiral Stationary Phases Utilizing Core-Shell Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4719. [PMID: 38731937 PMCID: PMC11083430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the favorable features obtained through the incorporation of fluorine atom(s), fluorinated drugs are a group with emerging pharmaceutical importance. As their commercial availability is still very limited, to expand the range of possible candidates, new fluorinated tryptophan analogs were synthesized. Control of enantiopurity during the synthesis procedure requires that highly efficient enantioseparation methods be available. In this work, the enantioseparation of seven fluorinated tryptophans and tryptophan was studied and compared systematically to (i) develop analytical methods for enantioselective separations and (ii) explore the chromatographic features of the fluorotrytophans. For enantioresolution, macrocyclic glycopeptide-based selectors linked to core-shell particles were utilized, applying liquid chromatography-based methods. Application of the polar-ionic mode resulted in asymmetric and broadened peaks, while reversed-phase conditions, together with mobile-phase additives, resulted in baseline separation for all studied fluorinated tryptophans. The marked differences observed between the methanol and acetonitrile-containing eluent systems can be explained by the different solvation abilities of the bulk solvents of the applied mobile phases. Among the studied chiral selectors, teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone were found to work effectively. Under optimized conditions, baseline separations were achieved within 6 min. Ionic interactions were semi-quantitatively characterized and found to not influence enantiorecognition. Interestingly, fluorination of the analytes does not lead to marked changes in the chromatographic characteristics of the methanol-containing eluents, while larger differences were noticed when the polar but aprotic acetonitrile was applied. Experiments conducted on the influence of the separation temperature indicated that the separations are enthalpically driven, with only one exception. Enantiomeric elution order was found to be constant on both teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone-based chiral stationary phases (L < D) under all applied chromatographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tanács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (G.K.T.)
| | - Gábor K. Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (G.K.T.)
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA;
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
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Wang X, Luo P, Wang X, Peng H, Zhou G, Peng J. Fabrication of ionic liquid functionalized silica with different anions and the application in mixed-mode and chiral chromatography. Talanta 2024; 270:125547. [PMID: 38101029 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
To realize the potential of ionic liquid functionalized silica to prepare mixed-mode and chiral stationary phases, two ionic liquid silane reagents with different anions were synthesized via a high-efficiency click reaction. Then they were decorated onto the surface of silica by a one-step bonding reaction. The functionalized silica was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental analysis (EA). Two stationary phases provided satisfactory performance when compared with a commercial mixed-mode column. Notably, Sil-C10Im-D-BCS with D-3-bromocamphor-8-sulfonate (D-BCS) as anion presented chiral separation capacity towards 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-naphthol. The separation mechanism was investigated through multiple pathways, and the results revealed that the prepared stationary phases can retain and separate solutes through multiple interactions, like hydrophobic effect, ion exchange, hydrogen-bond interaction, etc. Quantum chemical calculation (QC) was employed to obtain the optimized structures and the binding energy of anions to cations. The results provided some insights into the retention mechanism from a molecular perspective. This work demonstrated the superiority of ionic liquid functionalized silica as mixed-mode stationary phases and the potential of chiral ionic liquid as chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xingrui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huanjun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jingdong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Gan L, Huang X, He Z, He T. Exopolysaccharide production by salt-tolerant bacteria: Recent advances, current challenges, and future prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130731. [PMID: 38471615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Natural biopolymers derived from exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are considered eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to available traditional synthetic counterparts. Salt-tolerant bacteria inhabiting harsh ecological niches have evolved a number of unique adaptation strategies allowing them to maintain cellular integrity and assuring their long-term survival; among these, producing EPSs can be adopted as an effective strategy to thrive under high-salt conditions. A great diversity of EPSs from salt-tolerant bacteria have attracted widespread attention recently. Because of factors such as their unique structural, physicochemical, and functional characteristics, EPSs are commercially valuable for the global market and their application potential in various sectors is promising. However, large-scale production and industrial development of these biopolymers are hindered by their low yields and high costs. Consequently, the research progress and future prospects of salt-tolerant bacterial EPSs must be systematically reviewed to further promote their application and commercialization. In this review, the structure and properties of EPSs produced by a variety of salt-tolerant bacterial strains isolated from different sources are summarized. Further, feasible strategies for solving production bottlenecks are discussed, which provides a scientific basis and direct reference for more scientific and rational EPS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tengxia He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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11
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Németi G, Berkecz R, Le TM, Szakonyi Z, Péter A, Ilisz I. High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of azole analogs of monoterpene lactones and amides focusing on the separation characteristics of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464660. [PMID: 38280361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography-based enantioseparation of newly prepared azole analogs of monoterpene lactones and amides was studied. Effects of additives and mobile phase composition were evaluated both in normal and polar organic modes. Applying amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) selector in normal and polar organic modes acid and base additives were found to affect the peak profiles, without significantly influencing the enantiorecognition ability of the studied selector. In most cases, differences observed in retention times and enantioselectivities were lower than 10 and 20 % under normal phase and polar organic conditions, respectively. Under normal phase conditions decreased retention was observed for all the studied analytes with increased eluent polarity. Interestingly, enantioselectivity was only slightly (<10 %) influenced by the variation in the n-hexane/2-propanol ratio between 80/20 and 20/80 v/v. In polar organic mode, five different neat solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol) were tested, and the best results were obtained with acetonitrile and ethanol in the case of Lux Amylose-1 column with enantioresolutions most often above 2. Based on results obtained with amylose and cellulose-based columns the amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) selector is found to offer a superior performance both in normal and polar organic modes. When evaluating the possible effects of the selector immobilization, no striking differences were found in the normal phase. Usually, enantioselectivities and resolutions were higher (10-20 %), while retention factors of the first peaks were lower (20-30 %), on the coated-type column. In contrast, in polar organic mode, the retention characteristics and enantiorecognition ability of the coated and immobilized selectors were heavily affected by the nature of the polar solvent. Special attention has been paid to the history-dependent behavior of polysaccharide-based selectors. A confidence interval-based evaluation is suggested to help comparison of the histereticity observed in different systems. Several examples are shown to confirm that the recently discovered hysteresis is a common characteristic of polysaccharide-based selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Németi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary
| | - Tam Minh Le
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary.
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12
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Ma X, Fan Z, Tang Z, Cai L. Investigation on improvement of enantioseparation based on clindamycin phosphate by chiral deep eutectic solvents in capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300847. [PMID: 38356235 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the potential synergetic effect between deep eutectic solvents and an antibiotic chiral selector (clindamycin phosphate) for enantioseparation was investigated in capillary electrophoresis. We synthesized a series of deep eutectic solvents with choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor and three α-hydroxyl acids (l-lactic acid, l-malic acid, and l-tartaric acid) as hydrogen bond donors. Compared to the single clindamycin phosphate separation system, significantly improved separations of model drugs were observed in several synergetic systems. Compared to deep eutectic solvents with a single hydrogen bond donor, deep eutectic solvents with mixed-type hydrogen bond donors were superior. The influences of several key parameters including the type and proportion of organic modifier, clindamycin phosphate concentrations, deep eutectic solvents concentrations, and buffer pH were investigated in detail. The mechanism of the enhanced separations in deep eutectic solvents systems was investigated by means of electroosmotic flow analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and molecular modeling. It was the first time that the synergetic systems between deep eutectic solvents and antibiotic chiral selector were established in capillary electrophoresis, and these deep eutectic solvents were demonstrated to have a good synergetic effect with clindamycin phosphate for enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
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13
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recent developments in molecular modeling tools and applications related to pharmaceutical and biomedical research. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115836. [PMID: 37939549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In modern pharmaceutical and biomedical research, molecular modeling represents a useful tool to explore processes and their mechanistic bases at the molecular level. Integrating experimental and virtual analysis is a fruitful approach to study ligand-receptor interaction in chemical, biochemical and biological environments. In these fields, molecular docking and molecular dynamics are considered privileged techniques for modeling (bio)macromolecules and related complexes. This review aims to present the current landscape of molecular modeling in pharmaceutical and biomedical research by examining selected representative applications published in the last years and highlighting current topics and trends of this field. Thus, a systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted herein. After a brief overview of the main theoretical and computational tools used to investigate mechanisms at molecular level, recent applications of molecular modeling in drug discovery, ligand binding and for studying protein conformation and function will be discussed. Furthermore, specific sections will be devoted to the application of molecular modeling for unravelling enantioselective mechanisms underlying the enantioseparation of chiral compounds of pharmaceutical and biomedical interest as well as for studying new forms of noncovalent interactivity identified in biochemical and biological environments. The general aim of this review is to provide the reader with a modern overview of the topic, highlighting advancements and outlooks as well as drawbacks and pitfalls still affecting the applicability of theoretical and computational methods in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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14
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Štěpánová S, Břehová P, Kašička V. The separation of cyclic diadenosine diphosphorothioate and the diastereomers of its difluorinated derivative and the estimation of the binding constants and ionic mobilities of their complexes with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38195812 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of phosphorothioate linkages has recently been extensively employed in therapeutic oligonucleotides. For their separation and quality control, new high-efficient and high-sensitive analytical methods are needed. In this work, a new affinity capillary electrophoresis method has been developed and applied for the separation of a potential anticancer drug, 2',3'-cyclic diadenosine diphosphorothioate (Rp , Rp ) (ADU-S100), and three recently newly synthesized diastereomers of its difluorinated derivative, 3',3'-cyclic di(2'-fluoro, 2'-deoxyadenosine phosphorothioate). The separation was performed in the various background electrolytes (BGEs) within a pH range 5-9 using several native and derivatized cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral additives of the BGE. Relatively good separations were obtained with β-, γ-, and 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-CDs in some of the BGEs tested. However, the best separation was achieved using the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD chiral selector at 43.5 mM average concentration in the BGE composed of 40 mM Tris, 40 mM tricine, pH 8.1. Under these conditions, all the previous four cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) were baseline separated within 4 min. Additionally, the average apparent binding constants and the average actual ionic mobilities of the complexes of all four CDNs with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD in the above BGE were determined. The formed complexes were found to be relatively weak, with the average apparent binding constants in the range of 12.2-94.1 L mol-1 and with the actual ionic mobilities spanning the interval (-7.8 to -12.7) × 10-9 m2 V-1 s-1 . The developed method can be applied for the separation, analysis, and characterization of the above and similar CDNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Břehová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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15
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Modroiu A, Krait S, Hancu G, Scriba GKE. Quality by design-guided development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous chiral purity determination and impurity profiling of tamsulosin. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300604. [PMID: 37937344 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Analytical Quality by Design principles using the design of experiments were applied for the development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of enantiomeric purity and chemically related impurities of tamsulosin. From initial scouting experiments, a dual cyclodextrin (CD) system composed of sulfated β-CD and carboxymethyl-α-CD was selected as the chiral selector. A fractional factorial resolution V+ design was used for the identification of the critical process parameters, while a face-centered central composite design and Monte Carlo simulations were employed for final optimization and defining the design space of the method. The experimental conditions of the working point were: 30 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 3.0, containing 40 mg/mL sulfated β-CD and 7 mg/mL carboxymethyl-α-CD, capillary temperature 18°C, applied voltage -23 kV. Following the assessment of robustness by applying a Plackett-Burman design, the method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guideline Q2(R1). The method allowed the quantification of the chiral impurity and three other related impurities at the 0.1 % level with acceptable accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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16
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Lan L, Kuang X, Sun X, Wei Q, Kuang R. MOF-Enhanced Chiral ECL Recognition System: Dual-Function in Phenylalanine Enantiomer Detection and Coreaction Acceleration. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 38016920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The accurate discernment and separation of chiral isomers with high precision remain a significant challenge in various industries and biological fields. In this investigation, an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) chiral recognition platform was devised to ascertain the presence of phenylalanine (Phe). Notably, a homochiral [Ni2(l-asp)2(bipy)] (Ni-LAB) was established as a dual-function coreactant accelerator and chiral recognition substrate. Ni-LAB facilitates the reaction between the coreactant (K2S2O8) and the luminescent entity 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracar-boxylic-l-cysteine (PTCA-cys), thereby enhancing the ECL luminescence efficiency and improving the sensitivity of the chiral sensor. The chiral recognition potential of Ni-LAB was assessed to differentiate between Phe chiral isomers, and the underlying mechanism was comprehensively elucidated. This system exhibited remarkable proficiency in detecting Phe enantiomers and precisely differentiating a single Phe enantiomer within a mixture, showcasing exceptional levels of selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. This study paves the way for the development of advanced chiral recognition systems, potentially revolutionizing the field of chiral sensing and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lan
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xuan Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Rui Kuang
- College of Traffic Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250023, China
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17
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Gu T, Huang J, Yan Y. New opportunities for cyclodextrins in supramolecular assembly: metal organic frameworks, crystalline self-assembly, and catalyzed assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37997750 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are widely used macrocycles in supramolecular assembly due to their easy availability, versatile functionality and excellent biocompatibility. Although they are well-known for forming host-guest complexes with a wide range of guests and this host-guest chemistry has long been utilized in industry and academia, new opportunities have arisen in recent years, particularly in supramolecular assembly. In the present review, we will first provide a basic introduction to CDs and then summarize their emerging roles in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and materials. This includes their involvement in hybrid frameworks with inorganic components such as metal ions and polyoxometalates, crystalline self-assembly with amphiphilic molecules, and their new possibility of "catassembly" and induced chiral supramolecular structures that have previously been overlooked. Finally, we will comment on the future perspectives of CDs to inspire more ideas and efforts, with the aim of promoting diverse applications of CDs in supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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18
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Kou J, Wu Q, Cui D, Geng Y, Zhang K, Zhang M, Zang H, Wang X, Su Z, Sun C. Selective Encapsulation and Chiral Induction of C 60 and C 70 Fullerenes by Axially Chiral Porous Aromatic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312733. [PMID: 37819157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral induction has been an important topic in chemistry, not only for its relevance in understanding the mysterious phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking in nature but also due to its critical implications in medicine and the chiral industry. The induced chirality of fullerenes by host-guest interactions has been rarely reported, mainly attributed to their chiral resistance from high symmetry and challenges in their accessibility. Herein, we report two new pairs of chiral porous aromatic cages (PAC), R-PAC-2, S-PAC-2 (with Br substituents) and R-PAC-3, S-PAC-3 (with CH3 substituents) enantiomers. PAC-2, rather than PAC-3, achieves fullerene encapsulation and selective binding of C70 over C60 in fullerene carbon soot. More significantly, the occurrence of chiral induction between R-PAC-2, S-PAC-2 and fullerenes is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the intense CD signal within the absorption region of fullerenes. DFT calculations reveal the contribution of electrostatic effects originating from face-to-face arene-fullerene interactions dominate C70 selectivity and elucidate the substituent effect on fullerene encapsulation. The disturbance from the differential interactions between fullerene and surrounding chiral cages on the intrinsic highly symmetric electronic structure of fullerene could be the primary reason accounting for the induced chirality of fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Kou
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Dongxu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Kunhao Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Hongying Zang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Chunyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery Institution, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
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19
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Woiwode U, Sievers-Engler A, Lämmerhofer M. Cross-linked polysiloxane-coated stable bond O-9-(2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)quinine and quinidine chiral stationary phases as well as application in enantioselective cryo-HPLC. Electrophoresis 2023. [PMID: 37916661 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, brush-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with O-9-(2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)-modified quinidine (DIPPCQD-brush/-SH) and O-9-(2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)-modified quinine (DIPPCQN-brush/-SH) were prepared as benchmarks for comparison with new corresponding polymeric CSPs with more stable bonding chemistry. These polymeric CSPs were prepared by coating a thin poly(3-mercaptopropyl)-methylsiloxane film together with the chiral selector onto vinyl-modified silica. In a second step, immobilization of the quinine/quinidine derivatives as well as cross-linking of the polysiloxane film to the vinyl-silica is achieved by a double thiol-ene click reaction. The polymeric CSPs exhibited similar enantioselectivity as the corresponding brush phases, but showed lower chromatographic efficiencies. Chiral acidic substances were separated into enantiomers (e.g., N-protected amino acids, herbicides like dichlorprop) in accordance with an enantioselective anion-exchange process. Oxidation of residual thiol groups of the polymer DIPPCQN-CSP introduced sulfonic acid co-ligands on the silica surface, which resulted in greatly reduced retention times. Acting as immobilized counterions, they allowed to reduce the concentration of counterions in the mobile phase, which is favorable for liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry application. Ibuprofen showed a single peak under ambient column temperature. However, application of cryogenic cooling of the column enabled to achieve baseline separation at -20°C column temperature. It can be explained by an enthalpically dominated separation, which leads to an increase in separation factors when the temperature is reduced. While it is quite uncommon to work at subzero degree column temperature, this work illustrates the potential to exploit such temperature regime for optimization of LC enantiomer separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Woiwode
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Pulitelli G, Mammone FR, Sadutto D, Tanini D, Cirilli R. Virtual chiral recognition of eugenol derivatives on amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase in unusual normal-phase mode. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341811. [PMID: 37827619 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic enantioseparation on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases has undergone explosive development over the last three decades as a method for separating the enantiomers of chiral compounds on an analytical and preparative scale. In this context, understanding the nature of the intermolecular interactions involved in retention and recognition processes is an interesting scientific challenge. In the present study, three eugenol derivatives were used as chiral references to elucidate some unexplored aspects of the enantioselective and retention properties of the Chiralpak IG-U chiral stationary phase based on amylose-tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate). The performance of the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography chiral packing material Chiralpak IG-U was evaluated using a two-step approach. First, binary mixtures containing variable proportions of alcohol (ethanol or 2-propanol) in n-hexane were used as mobile phases and the retention factors were recorded at three different temperatures. A rational analysis of this set of chromatographic data shows the leading role played by hydrogen bond between the OH group linked to the stereogenic centre of the analytes and the active sites of the chiral chromatographic material in obtaining a high degree of enantioseparation. The retention factors were then plotted against the percentage of alcohol modifiers to obtain retention maps with a non-linear performance trend with correlation factors >0.9990. The proposed retention map model was used to extrapolate and describe virtual chiral recognition of chiral analytes on the Chiralpak IG-U chiral stationary phase under extreme elution conditions with expected run times of hundreds or thousands of years. The presented virtual chiral recognition approach is based on a generic concept and therefore opens new possibilities for understanding the performance of other polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pulitelli
- Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mammone
- Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Sadutto
- Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Tanini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Nan Y, Zheng P, Cheng M, Zhao R, Jia H, Liang Q, Li Y, Bao JJ. Enhancement of chiral drugs separation by a novel adjustable gravity mediated capillary electrophoresis combined with sulfonic propyl ether β-CD polymer. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341781. [PMID: 37827633 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble negative sulfonic propyl ether β-CD polymer (SPE-β-CDP) to be used as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis (CE) was polymerized. The sulfonic substitution degree of each β-CD in SPE-β-CDP was statistically homogenized. The only one negative peak in electrophoretogram with indirect ultraviolate method proved its uniformity of electrophoretic behavior. There were 7.12 sulfonic substitution in β-CD unit and 164 μmole β-CD units in each gram of SPE-β-CDP, which corresponded a molecular weight of 7000 or more. Compared with monomer, SPE-β-CDP was lower effect on electrical current of CE, indicating a high concentration of SPE-β-CDP could be added. Its separation ability was verified by 12 chiral drugs. SPE-β-CDP also showed advantages of good water solubility, easy preparation and recovery to reduce the overall cost. However, five of 12 chiral drugs were hardly to be fully separated which was normal for any kind of chiral selector. A newly adjustable gravity mediated capillary electrophoresis (AGM-CE) technology was proposed and combined with SPE-β-CDP to enhance the chiral separation efficiencies of propranolol, salbutamol, omeprazole, ofloxacin and phenoxybenzamine which were markedly improved to 3.02, 1.17, 7.63, 4.14, and 2.81, respectively. Furthermore, its gradient mode (AGMg-CE) was also used to improve resolution through utilizing the zero mobility point, at which the effective apparent mobility of one racemate was zero. Resolutions of five chiral drugs were significantly improved, especially resolution of carvedilol changed from 0.43 to 1.0. These indicated SPE-β-CDP as chiral selector, AGM-CE and AGMg-CE as new CE technologies had a great potential in chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Nan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pingyi Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haijiao Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qinggang Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Youxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - James J Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Biomics Inc., DE, 17902, USA.
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22
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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Wang SM, Wang YF, Huang L, Zheng LS, Nian H, Zheng YT, Yao H, Jiang W, Wang X, Yang LP. Chiral recognition of neutral guests by chiral naphthotubes with a bis-thiourea endo-functionalized cavity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5645. [PMID: 37704639 PMCID: PMC10499783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing chiral receptors with an endo-functionalized cavity for chiral recognition is of great significance in the field of molecular recognition. This study presents two pairs of chiral naphthotubes containing a bis-thiourea endo-functionalized cavity. Each chiral naphthotube has two homochiral centers which were fixed adjacent to the thiourea groups, causing the skeleton and thiourea groups to twist enantiomerically through chiral transfer. These chiral naphthotubes are highly effective at enantiomerically recognizing various neutral chiral molecules with an enantioselectivity up to 17.0. Furthermore, the mechanism of the chiral recognition has been revealed to be originated from differences in multiple non-covalent interactions. Various factors, such as the shape of cavities, substituents of guests, flexibility of host and binding modes are demonstrated to contribute to creating differences in the non-covalent interactions. Additionally, the driving force behind enantioselectivity is mainly attributed to enthalpic differences, and enthalpy -entropy compensation has also been observed to influence enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Meng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li-Shuo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Nian
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu-Tao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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24
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Dobó M, Ádám M, Fiser B, Papp LA, Dombi G, Sekkoum K, Szabó ZI, Tóth G. Enantioseparation and molecular docking study of selected chiral pharmaceuticals on a commercialized phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin column using polar organic mode. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14778. [PMID: 37679395 PMCID: PMC10485059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The chiral separation capability of Chiral-CD-Ph column, containing phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector in polar organic mode was investigated. A total of twenty-five compounds with different structures and acid-base properties were evaluated, and twenty of them were separated using acetonitrile or methanol as eluent. The effects of various chromatographic parameters, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, flow rate, and column temperature were analyzed in detail in relation to chromatographic performance. A U-shape retention curve was observed when a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol was used as the eluent, indicating different types of interactions in different solvent mixtures. Van 't Hoff analysis was used for calculation of thermodynamic parameters which revealed that the enantioseparation is mainly enthalpy controlled; however, entropic control was also observed. The enantiomer recognition ability at the atomic level was also investigated through a molecular docking study, which revealed surface binding in polar organic mode instead of inclusion complexation. Our work proves that the phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase can be effectively used in polar organic mode for the chiral separation of structurally diverse compounds. Furthermore, it is important to note that our study demonstrated that surface binding is responsible for the formation of supramolecular complexes in certain cyclodextrin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Dobó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Ádám
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Fiser
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, 3515, Miskolc, Hungary
- Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Beregszász, Transcarpathia, Ukraine
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-149, Łódź, Poland
| | - Lajos Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Gergely Dombi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Khaled Sekkoum
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Exacte Sciences, University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar, PO Box 417, 08000, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mureş, Romania
- Sz-Imfidum Ltd., 525401, Lunga, Romania
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Bílek J, Koval D, Sázelová P, Šolínová V, Severa L, Gutiérrez PER, Teplý F, Kašička V. The separation of the enantiomers of diquats by capillary electrophoresis using randomly sulfated cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300417. [PMID: 37528727 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Diquats, derivatives of the widely used herbicide diquat, represent a new class of functional organic molecules. A combination of their special electrochemical properties and axial chirality could potentially result in their important applications in supramolecular chemistry, chiral catalysis, and chiral analysis. However, prior to their practical applications, the diquats have to be prepared in enantiomerically pure forms and the enantiomeric purity of their P- and M-isomers has to be checked. Hence, a chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed and applied for separation of P- and M-enantiomers of 11 new diquats. Fast and better than baseline CE separations of enantiomers of all 11 diquats within a short time 5-7 min were achieved using acidic buffer, 22 mM NaOH, 35 mM H3 PO4 , pH 2.5, as a background electrolyte, and 6 mM randomly sulfated α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. The most successful selector was sulfated γ-cyclodextrin, which baseline separated the enantiomers of all 11 diquats, followed by sulfated β-cyclodextrin and sulfated α-cyclodextrin, which baseline separated enantiomers of 10 and nine diquats, respectively. Using this method, a high enantiopurity degree of the isolated P- and M-enantiomers of three diquats with a defined absolute configuration was confirmed and their migration order was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bílek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Koval
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sázelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Severa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Paul E Reyes Gutiérrez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Teplý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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Zhao S, Miao P, Zhang J, Gan J, Du Y, Chen C, Sun X, Feng Z, Ma X, Ma M, Xi Y, Ding W. Polydopamine Coating Doped with Graphene Oxide Enhances Enantioseparation of Capillary Column. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:699-704. [PMID: 35397163 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
How to improve the enantiomer separation efficiency of drugs is a hot topic. In this paper, polydopamine (PDA) coating doped with graphene oxide (GO) by physical adsorption was used to modify the capillary column to enhance the enantioseparation efficiency of the drugs. In the capillary electrochromatography (CEC) system, the novel capillary column with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) as a chiral selector has completed the enantioseparation of four basic drugs (propranolol, metoprolol, amlodipine and chlorpheniramine). The optimum separation conditions were obtained by optimizing the pH of the buffer, the concentration of organic modifier, the concentration of the chiral selector and the voltage, and the resolution and peak shape were significantly improved compared with uncoated bare-fused column. The stability and reproducibility of the new capillary column were satisfactory and the relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day was <3.2%, and of column-to-column was <4.8%. The rich functional groups of GO are key factors to improve the enantioseparation efficiency, which also indicates that nanomaterials with easy modification of functional groups and large specific surface area are excellent resources for capillary modification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Panden Miao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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27
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Szabó ZI, Boda F, Fiser B, Dobó M, Szőcs L, Tóth G. Chiral Separation of Oxazolidinone Analogs by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Anionic Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors: Emphasis on Enantiomer Migration Order. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114530. [PMID: 37299005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative chiral separations of enantiomeric pairs of four oxazolidinone and two related thio-derivatives were performed by capillary electrophoresis, using cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral selectors. Since the selected analytes are neutral, the enantiodiscrimination capabilities of nine anionic CD derivatives were determined, in 50 mM phosphate buffer pH = 6. Unanimously, the most successful chiral selector was the single isomeric heptakis-(6-sulfo)-β-cyclodextrin (HS-β-CD), which resulted in the highest enantioresolution values out of the CDs applied for five of the six enantiomeric pairs. The enantiomer migration order (EMO) was the same for two enantiomeric pairs, irrespective of the CD applied. However, several examples of EMO reversals were obtained in the other cases. Interestingly, changing from randomly substituted, multi-component mixtures of sulfated-β-CD to the single isomeric chiral selector, enantiomer migration order reversal occurred for two enantiomeric pairs and similar observations were made when comparing heptakis-(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-CD, (HDMS-β-CD) with HS-β-CD. In several cases, cavity-size-dependent, and substituent-dependent EMO reversals were also observed. Minute differences in the structure of the analytes were also responsible for several cases of EMO reversal. The present study offers a complex overview of the chiral separation of structurally related oxazolidinones, and thio-analogs, highlighting the importance of the adequate choice of chiral selector in this group of compounds, where enantiomeric purity is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán-István Szabó
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Sz-imfidum Ltd., Lunga nr. 504, 525401 Covasna, Romania
| | - Francisc Boda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Béla Fiser
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Ferenc Rákóczi II. Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, 90200 Beregszász, Transcarpathia, Ukraine
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-149 Łódź, Poland
| | - Máté Dobó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. 9, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Szőcs
- Cyclolab Ltd., Illatos út 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. 9, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Liu C, Quan K, Chen J, Shi X, Qiu H. Chiral metal-organic frameworks and their composites as stationary phases for liquid chromatography chiral separation: A minireview. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1700:464032. [PMID: 37148566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metal organic frameworks (CMOFs) are a kind of crystal porous framework material that has attracted increasing attention due to the customizable combination of metal nodes and organic ligands. In particular, the highly ordered crystal structure and rich adjustable chiral structure make it a promising material for developing new chiral separation material systems. In this review, the progress of CMOFs and their different types of composites used as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in liquid chromatography for enantioseparation are discussed. The characteristics of CMOFs and their composites are summarized, aiming to provide new ideas for the development of CMOFs with better performance and further promote the application of CMOFs materials in enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaijun Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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29
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Daneshvar Tarigh G. Enantioseparation/Recognition based on nano techniques/materials. J Sep Sci 2023:e2201065. [PMID: 37043692 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers show different behaviors in interaction with the chiral environment. Due to their identical chemical structure and their wide application in various industries, such as agriculture, medicine, pesticide, food, and so forth, their separation is of great importance. Today, the term "nano" is frequently encountered in all fields. Technology and measuring devices are moving towards miniaturization, and the usage of nanomaterials in all sectors is expanding substantially. Given that scientists have recently attempted to apply miniaturized techniques known as nano-liquid chromatography/capillary-liquid chromatography, which were originally accomplished in 1988, as well as the widespread usage of nanomaterials for chiral resolution (back in 1989), this comprehensive study was developed. Searching the terms "nano" and "enantiomer separation" on scientific websites such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science yields articles that either use miniaturized instruments or apply nanomaterials as chiral selectors with a variety of chemical and electrochemical detection techniques, which are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Daneshvar Tarigh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Szabó ZI, Benkő BM, Bartalis-Fábián Á, Iványi R, Varga E, Szőcs L, Tóth G. Chiral Separation of Apremilast by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Succinyl-β-Cyclodextrin-Reversal of Enantiomer Elution Order by Cationic Capillary Coating. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083310. [PMID: 37110544 PMCID: PMC10143784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A stereospecific capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the separation of the novel, antipsoriatic agent, apremilast (APR). Six anionic cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives were screened for their ability to discriminate between the uncharged enantiomers. Only succinyl-β-CD (Succ-β-CD) presented chiral interactions; however, the enantiomer migration order (EMO) was unfavorable, and the eutomer, S-APR, migrated faster. Despite the optimization of all possible parameters (pH, cyclodextrin concentration, temperature, and degree of substitution of CD), the method was unsuccessful for purity control due to the low resolution and the unfavorable enantiomer migration order. Changing the direction of electroosmotic flow (EOF) by the dynamic coating of the inner surface of the capillary with poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride or polybrene resulted in EMO reversal, and the developed method could be applied for the determination of R-APR as the enantiomeric purity. Thus, the application of the dynamic capillary coating offers a general opportunity for enantiomeric migration order reversal in particular cases when the chiral selector is a weak acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán-István Szabó
- Faculy of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Sz-Imfidum Ltd., nr. 504, 525401 Lunga, Romania
| | - Beáta-Mária Benkő
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Administration, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. 9, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Bartalis-Fábián
- Faculy of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Róbert Iványi
- Cyclolab Ltd., Illatos út 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Levente Szőcs
- Cyclolab Ltd., Illatos út 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. 9, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
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31
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De Gauquier P, Peeters J, Vanommeslaeghe K, Vander Heyden Y, Mangelings D. Modelling the enantiorecognition of structurally diverse pharmaceuticals on O-substituted polysaccharide-based stationary phases. Talanta 2023; 259:124497. [PMID: 37030098 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop models to predict the retention, separation and elution sequence of the enantiomers of structurally diverse pharmaceuticals. More specifically, Quantitative Structure Retention Relationships (QSRR) models are built that describe the relationship between molecular descriptors and retention. Eighteen structurally diverse chiral mixtures, each consisting of a pair of enantiomers, were analyzed on two polysaccharide chiral stationary phases, Chiralcel OD-RH (cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)) and Lux amylose-2 (amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate)), applying either a basic or an acidic mobile phase, and their retention factor and elution sequence were determined. Both achiral and, in-house defined, chiral descriptors were used as descriptive variables to build the models. Linear regression techniques, i.e. stepwise multiple linear regression (sMLR) and partial least squares (PLS) regression, were applied to model the retention or separation as a function of the descriptors. In a first step, models were built with only achiral descriptors to model the global retention of both enantiomers of a chiral molecule. Subsequently, models were built with only chiral descriptors to predict the enantioseparation and elution sequence, and finally, models were considered with both descriptor types to predict the retention, the separation and the elution sequence of the enantiomers. The global retention was predicted well by the sMLR models with only achiral descriptors. The models with only chiral descriptors were not found suitable to predict the enantioseparation and elution sequence. Finally, the models containing both chiral and achiral descriptors allowed predicting the retention well, but their ability to predict the elution sequence and separation of the enantiomers differed widely for the chromatographic systems considered.
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32
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Lu X, Xu H, Cheng Y, Liu W, Wang Y. Switchable Separation Strategy via Host-Guest Locks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2779-2786. [PMID: 36758157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Universal separation strategies are the ultimate goal in separation science. However, there is always a tradeoff between universality and selectivity due to the negative influence among different recognition domains. With the goal of universal separation in mind, an unprecedented, switchable, and versatile separation strategy using reversible supramolecular host-guest interactions has been developed. These adjustable separation mediums were prepared using surface-grafted cationic cyclodextrin to firmly bind negatively charged adamantane derivatives. By changing guest structures, the surface functionality of the separation medium can be precisely regulated to be selective for a variety of substrates including chiral or achiral molecules, thus producing satisfactory single-column universality. This method offers a new approach to move beyond conventional separation methodologies and should stimulate the design of switchable functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300075, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300075, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300075, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300075, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300075, China
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33
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Study on Quality Control of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Enantiomers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-023-04240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims at developing a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method to analyze tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and its pharmaceutical preparations. Several cyclodextrin mobile-phase additives were applied to reversed-phase and normal-phase chromatography, and the effects of three chiral stationary phases on the TDF separation were investigated in this study. The R-type and S-type of TDF tablets were quantitatively analyzed in the single ion monitoring (SIM) scanning mode with a Unichiral CMD column. This method has been successfully applied to the separation and quantification of TDF and its isomers. The linear ranges of (R)-TDF and (S)-enantiomer were 1–20 and 0.2–16 μg/mL, respectively. The limit of detection for (R)-TDF and (S)-enantiomer was 0.0015 and 0.0012 μg/mL, respectively. (S)-enantiomer was not detected in the formulas from all the seven manufacturers, and the drug content of each took more than 98.5% of the labeled amount, which complies with the regulations. The method shows its advantages on high sensitivity, low detection limit, good practicability, and repeatability. The proposed method may provide a novel platform for separation of TDF enantiomers and quality control of TDF raw materials and preparations.
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34
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Cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis: Recent trends in mechanistic studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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35
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Modroiu A, Krait S, Hancu G, Scriba GKE. Quality by design-guided development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the chiral purity determination of silodosin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115117. [PMID: 36306637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silodosin is a single isomer selective α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In order to control the enantiomeric purity of the drug a capillary electrophoresis method was developed that is applicable to the analysis of drug substance as well as pharmaceutical formulations. Method development followed a quality by design strategy. After selection of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin as suitable chiral selector and the starting conditions in the scouting phase, a two-level full factorial design was applied to identify the critical process parameters. The final method optimization was performed using a face-centered central composite design resulting in the conditions 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 2.9, containing 40 mg/mL car-boxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, a capillary temperature of 17 °C and an applied voltage of 28 kV. Robustness testing employing a Plackett-Burman design revealed the importance of careful pH adjustment in order to achieve suitable peak shape and resolution. The method was validated according to the guideline Q2(R1) of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and applied to the analysis of a commercial capsule formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Modroiu
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany; George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Sulaiman Krait
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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36
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Enantioselective separation and simulation studies of five flavanone glycosides on a cellulose tris-(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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37
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Silica Immobilised Chloro- and Amido-Derivatives of Eremomycine as Chiral Stationary Phases for the Enantioseparation of Amino Acids by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010085. [PMID: 36615283 PMCID: PMC9822235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics immobilized on silica are one of the effective classes of stationary phases for chiral recognition and HPLC separation of a wide range of optically active compounds. Enantioselectivity primarily depends on the chemical structure of the chiral ligand, immobilization chemistry, and separation conditions. In the present work, three new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on macrocyclic antibiotic eremomycin were prepared and investigated for enantioseparation of amino acids. Two eremomycin derivatives, including simple non-substituted amide and bulky adamantyl amide, provided important information on the role of the carboxylic group in the eremomycin structure in the chiral recognition mechanism concerning amino acid optical isomers. One more CSP having a chlorine atom in the same position elucidates the role of the first aromatic ring in the eremomycin structure as a crucial point for chiral recognition. CSP with immobilized chloreremomycin was the most successful among the phases prepared in this work. It was additionally investigated under various separation conditions, including the type and content of the organic solvent in the eluent, the effects of different additives, and the concentration and pH of the buffer. Importantly, an efficient enantioselective separation of amino acids was achieved with pure water as the eluent.
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38
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Orlandini S, Hancu G, Szabó ZI, Modroiu A, Papp LA, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. New Trends in the Quality Control of Enantiomeric Drugs: Quality by Design-Compliant Development of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207058. [PMID: 36296650 PMCID: PMC9607418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a potent method for analyzing chiral substances and is commonly used in the enantioseparation and chiral purity control of pharmaceuticals from different matrices. The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) concepts in analytical method development, optimization and validation is a widespread trend observed in various analytical approaches including chiral CE. The application of Analytical QbD (AQbD) leads to the development of analytical methods based on sound science combined with risk management, and to a well understood process clarifying the influence of method parameters on the analytical output. The Design of Experiments (DoE) method employing chemometric tools is an essential part of QbD-based method development, allowing for the simultaneous evaluation of experimental parameters as well as their interaction. In 2022 the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) released two draft guidelines (ICH Q14 and ICH Q2(R2)) that are intended to encourage more robust analytical procedures. The ICH Q14 guideline intends to harmonize the scientific approaches for analytical procedures’ development, while the Q2(R2) document covers the validation principles for the use of analytical procedures including the recent applications that require multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the new prospects for chiral CE method development applied for the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceuticals using AQbD principles. The review also provides an overview of recent research (2012–2022) on the applicability of CE methods in chiral drug impurity profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
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39
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Yan Y, Cai X, Cheng S, Xie X, Lan Y, Wu J, Fan J, Zheng S, Cai S, Zhang W. Beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework coated silica composite as chiral stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Yan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinting Cai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuexian Xie
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yixin Lan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jialin Wu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
| | - Shengrun Zheng
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
| | - Songliang Cai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
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40
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Chen Y, Xia L, Li G. The progress on porous organic materials for chiral separation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463341. [PMID: 35870277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds have similar structures and properties, but their pharmacological action is very different or even opposite. Therefore, the separation of chiral compounds has great significance in pharmaceutical and agriculture. Porous organic materials are novel crystalline porous materials, which possess high surface area, controllable pore size, and favorable functionalization. Therefore, porous organic materials are considered to be an ideal material for chiral separation. In this review, we summarized the progress of chiral porous organic materials for chiral separation in recent years. Furthermore, the applications of chiral porous organic materials as chiral separation medias (chromatography stationary phases and membrane materials) in enantioseparation were highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions for porous organic materials in chiral separation were also briefly outlined further to promote the development of porous organic materials in chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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41
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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42
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Kozlov O, Záhoráková D, Armstrong DW, Gondová T. Enantiomeric separation of bupropion by liquid chromatography on derivatized cyclofructan chiral stationary phase. Chirality 2022; 34:1311-1319. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Záhoráková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Taťána Gondová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic
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43
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Ameur M, Sekkoum K, Gonazles F, Comez‐Carpintero J, Menendez C, Belboukhari N, Aboul‐Enein HY. Enantioseparation and antioxidant activity of novel diarylpyrazoline derivatives. Chirality 2022; 34:1389-1399. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Messaouda Ameur
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar Bechar Algeria
| | - Khaled Sekkoum
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar Bechar Algeria
| | - Francisco Gonazles
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Jorge Comez‐Carpintero
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Menendez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Nasser Belboukhari
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar Bechar Algeria
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul‐Enein
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division National Research Center, Dokki Giza Egypt
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44
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The Use of Antibiotics as Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113601. [PMID: 35684535 PMCID: PMC9181903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is becoming an essential issue in modern pharmaceutical research as regulatory agencies emphasize the safety and efficiency of enantiomers in drug development. The development of efficient and reliable chiral separation methods became a necessity in the last 30 years, and capillary electrophoresis (CE), due to its relatively low costs and “green” features, is attracting increased attention. Cyclodextrin (CD) and their derivatives are the most frequently used chiral selectors (CSs) in CE, however, the use of antibiotics as CSs represents an interesting alternative. Various classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, ansamycins, glycopeptides, lincosamides, macrolides, tetracyclines) have been used more or less successfully for the enantio-separation of pharmaceuticals. Antibiotics offer the possibility of a multitude of potential interactions (electrostatic, inclusion, hydrogen bonding, etc.) due to their chemical diversity, allowing the enantio-separation of analytes with a wide range of structural characteristics. This article aims to review the application of various classes of antibiotics in the CE enantio-separation of pharmaceuticals. Antibiotic physiochemical characteristics, variables impacting enantio-separation, advantages, and disadvantages when certain antibiotics are used as CSs in CE are also explored.
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45
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Pérez-Baeza M, Martín-Biosca Y, Escuder-Gilabert L, Medina-Hernández MJ, Sagrado S. Artificial neural networks to model the enantioresolution of structurally unrelated neutral and basic compounds with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase and aqueous-acetonitrile mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Enantiomeric separation of newly synthesized amino, thio, and oxy derivatives of monoterpene lactones, amides, and ester applying polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases in normal-phase mode. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Németi G, Berkecz R, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E, Lindner W, Péter A, Ilisz I. Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of fluorinated ß- phenylalanine derivatives utilizing Cinchona alkaloid-based ion-exchanger chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Sázelová P, Šolínová V, Schimperková T, Jiráček J, Kašička V. Chiral analysis of ‐alanyl‐
d,l
‐tyrosine and its derivatives and estimation of binding constants of their complexes with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresisS. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3328-3338. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sázelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Tereza Schimperková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6 Czechia
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49
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Pomeisl K, Vaňkátová P, Hamplová V. Enantioselective HPLC of aryl-substituted oxazolines as an efficient tool for determination of chiral purity of serine medicinal components. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2217-2227. [PMID: 35460597 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for evaluation of chiral purity of serine esterification products bearing long-chain alkyl substituents was developed. The compounds were simply converted to aryl-substituted oxazolines which: (i) facilitates effective chromatographic enantioseparation and (ii) enables direct detection using ultraviolet absorption. The method employs polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase and allows enantioseparation of highly stable oxazoline products in less than 6 minutes using simple binary mobile phase. As opposed to the previously used normal phase method the developed method was performed in the reversed-phase mode. Aside from the benefits of switching to less hazardous solvents with regards to the principles of Green Chemistry, this has also led to reduction of the analysis time. In comparison with known serine chromophores, the best enantioseparation of aryloxazoline rigid structure may be achieved only based on non-polar interactions with chiral stationary phase. In contrast, substitution of the chromophore moiety with hydroxyl substituent affected intra and intermolecular interactions that caused enantioseparation differences. Concurrently, we found a high chirality retention of (R)- and (S)-configuration oxazoline standards (≥ 99% e.e.) during introduction of ultraviolet label. The method is suitable for rapid injection of mixture containing the ultraviolet absorption marker without prior purification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Pomeisl
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vaňkátová
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Hamplová
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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50
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Wu D, Tan L, Ma C, Pan F, Cai W, Li J, Kong Y. Competitive Self-Assembly Interaction between Ferrocenyl Units and Amino Acids for Entry into the Cavity of β-Cyclodextrin for Chiral Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6050-6056. [PMID: 35389624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At present, chiral electroanalysis of nonelectroactive chiral compounds still remains a challenge because they cannot provide an electrochemical signal by themselves. Here, a strategy based on a competitive self-assembly interaction of a ferrocene (Fc) unit and the testing isomers entering into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was carried out for chiral electroanalysis. First of all, the Fc derivative was directly bridged to silica microspheres, followed by inclusion into the cavity of β-CD. As expected, once it was modified onto the surface of a carbon working electrode as an electrochemical sensor, SiO2@Fc-CD-WE, its differential pulse voltammetry signal would markedly decrease compared with the uncovered Fc. Next, when l- and d-isomers of amino acids that included histidine, threonine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid were examined using SiO2@Fc-CD-WE, it showed an enantioselective entry of amino acids into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin instead of Fc, resulting in the release of Fc with signal enhancement. For histidine, glutamic acid, and threonine, l-isomers showed a higher peak current response compared with d-isomers. The peak current ratios between l- and d-isomers were 2.88, 1.21, and 1.40, respectively. At the same time, the opposite phenomenon occurred for phenylalanine with a peak current ratio of 3.19 between d- and l-isomers. In summary, we are assured that the recognition strategy based on the supramolecular interaction can enlarge the detection range of chiral compounds by electrochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lilan Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenrong Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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