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Morgan EM, Fayez YM, Boltia SA, Obaydo RH, Abdelkawy M, Lotfy HM. ChlorTox scale assessment, greenness, and whiteness evaluation of selective spectrophotometric analysis of dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124740. [PMID: 38963943 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are considered common series side effects induced by chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients. This annoying side effect can impair the patient's compliance to cancer treatment and affect their quality of life. Dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine in combined pharmaceutical dosage form is used to control chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. For safety, selective spectrophotometric methods based on novel dual resolution strategies were introduced to estimate dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine in presence of their harmful impurities namely benzophenone and 1- (diphenylmethyl)piperazine, respectively. These methods namely, dual ratio difference (DRD), dual ratio extraction (DRE) and dual absorbance extraction coupled with dual ratio extraction (DAE-DRE) were successfully performed to simultaneously analyze the drug of interests dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine in their pure form, synthetic mixtures and in market dosage form. Linearity ranges were 6.0-60.0 μg/mL and 3.0-30.0 μg/mL for dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine, respectively with good recovery% of Mean ± SD for all the proposed methods 99.82 ± 0.48, 99.79 ± 0.40, 100.14 ± 0.82, 100.03 ± 0.69, respectively. ICH guidelines were adhered in accordance with confirming validation of the proposed methods where fulfilling results were accomplished. Various unified greenness and whiteness assessment tools, such as the chlorTox scale, greenness index via spider chart, AGREE (The Analytical Greenness Metric), green certificate, and the RGB12 algorithm were employed in this research to assess the greenness and sustainability of the introduced UV-spectrophotometric methods in comparison to the reported HPLC method. As a result, these methods hold significant potential for utilization in the quality control department of pharmaceutical companies, contributing to enhanced pharmaceutical product analysis and overall sustainability practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Morgan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 11853 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen A Boltia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem H Obaydo
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ebla Private University, 22743 Idlib, Syria.
| | - M Abdelkawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayam M Lotfy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 11853 Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Prajapati P, Patel K, Patel A, Shakar Pulusu V, Haque A, Ahmad S, Shah S. Integrated approach of white analytical chemistry and design of experiments to microwave-assisted sensitive and eco-friendly spectrofluorimetric estimation of mirabegron using 4-chloro-7-nitrobezofuran as biosensing fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124521. [PMID: 38830329 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The USFDA recently approved mirabegron, a novel once-daily β-3 adrenoceptor agonist for oral administration, as a transformative treatment for overactive bladder. Despite the existence of numerous analytical methods for the assay and bioanalysis of mirabegron, it's perplexing that none have explored the domain of microwave-assisted sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for mirabegron estimation, even after extensive literature review. Adding to the enigma is the insistence of current analytical methods on using expensive and harmful organic solvents, posing a threat to marine life and the broader environment. Recently, the white analytical chemistry approach has been introduced to develop analytical methods that are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and user-friendly. Consequently, a white analytical chemistry-based, sensitive, and eco-friendly spectrofluorimetric estimation of mirabegron has been initiated, using 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan as a fluorescent biosensing probe. The development of this robust method involved a series of experiments designed to minimize solvent and time wastage. Through a combination of fractional factorial and Box-Behnken designs, researchers identified the critical variables and optimized the method to perfection. This method was validated according to the stringent ICH Q2 (R2) and USFDA guidelines, ensuring its reliability and accuracy. Once approved, this sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was tested, accurately estimating mirabegron levels in commercial formulations and rat plasma samples. To further enrich the study, a comprehensive evaluation of existing analytical methods was conducted alongside the proposed spectrofluorimetric method, using advanced tools like the AGREE calculator, GAPI software, and RGB model to assess their eco-friendliness and effectiveness in mirabegron estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India.
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Veera Shakar Pulusu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA 47501
| | - Anzarul Haque
- Central Laboratories Unit, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
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Calabretta MM, Gregucci D, Guardigli M, Michelini E. Low-cost and sustainable smartphone-based tissue-on-chip device for bioluminescence biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116454. [PMID: 38875866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Several organ-on-chip and cell-on-chip devices have been reported, however, their main drawback is that they are not interoperable (i.e., they have been fabricated with customized equipment, thus cannot be applied in other facilities, unless having the same setup), and require cell-culture facilities and benchtop instrumentation. As a consequence, results obtained with such devices do not generally comply with the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR). To overcome such limitation, leveraging cost-effective 3D printing we developed a bioluminescent tissue on-a-chip device that can be easily implemented in any laboratory. The device enables continuous monitoring of cell co-cultures expressing different bioluminescent reporter proteins and, thanks to the implementation of new highly bioluminescent luciferases having high pH and thermal stability, can be monitored via smartphone camera. Another relevant feature is the possibility to insert the chip into a commercial 24-well plate for use with standard benchtop instrumentation. The suitability of this device for 3D cell-based biosensing for monitoring activation of target molecular pathways, i.e., the inflammatory pathway via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation, and general cytotoxicity is here reported showing similar analytical performance when compared to conventional 3D cell-based assays performed in 24-well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Denise Gregucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HSTICIR), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Abdelfatah RM, Abd Elhalim LM, Darwish HW, Ayoub BM, Tony RM, Gamal M. A stability-indicating HPLC assay of ten different vitamins in a food supplement: Appraisal of the method's greenness, whiteness, and blueness. Talanta 2024; 277:126324. [PMID: 38820824 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Due to their susceptibility to degradation, vitamin levels in food formulations may differ from those found in the finished product. Vitamin levels can be impacted by processing and storage. In this work, the ingredients of Strong B50 ® film-coated tablets were estimated simultaneously using simple efficient stability indicating HPLC method. Strong B50 ® film-coated tablets contain thiamine (VB1), riboflavin (VB2), calcium pantothenate (VB5), pyridoxine (VB6), vitamin C (VC), folic acid (FA), biotin (BT), inositol (IS), niacin (NC), para-aminobenzoic acid (PB), cyanocobalamine (B12), choline bitartarate, and iron gluconate. Hypersil BDS C18 column was used for achieving reasonable separation. Mobile phases (A) and (B) were utilized, the mobile phase (A) consisted of 0.015 M Hexane sulfonic acid sodium salt + 0.1 % Triethylamine and orthophosphoric acid was used to adjust the pH to (2.9) while (B) system consisted of acetonitrile. Validation of the method was assessed using International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) parameters, where linearity, accuracy, selectivity, and robustness of the method were investigated. Correlations were above 0.99, accuracy results ranged from 97.6 to 102.8 % and limits for detection and quantitation (LOD and LOQ) values were determined for each vitamin in μg/mL except for FA and BT in ng/mL. LOD values were between 0.006 and 15.08 μg/mL while LOQ values ranged from 0.031 to 49.77 μg/mL. Stability studies were conducted under stressed conditions and degradation percentages were computed. Where, VB5, VB6, FA and PB, VC, and NC were the most degradable vitamins. Whiteness evaluation using the modern RGB 12 algorithm compared our method and the old reported one by Sasaki et al., 2020. The comparison favored our newly developed method in terms of analytical performance, practical applicability and greenness. Besides, AGREE and GAPI soft wares were used to assess the greenness of the method. It was clear that the results of colored pictograms confirm low hazardous impact and that the new method is greener with AGREE score of 0.66. Furthermore, the functionality and applicability of the novel HPLC approach were concluded via the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) tool with a final score of 82.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdelfatah
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., 62574, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Lobna Mohammed Abd Elhalim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Egypt Drug Authority, 51 Wezaret Al Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bassam M Ayoub
- Santa Ana College Science, Math and Health Science Division, Chemistry Department, United States.
| | - Rehab Moussa Tony
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., 62574, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Hussein OG, Monir HH, Zaazaa HE, Galal MM. Eco-conscious potentiometric sensing: a multiwalled carbon nanotube-based platform for tulathromycin monitoring in livestock products. BMC Chem 2024; 18:151. [PMID: 39135201 PMCID: PMC11318228 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tulathromycin (TUL) is a widely used veterinary antibiotic for treating bovine and porcine respiratory infections. Consuming animal-derived food contaminated with this medication may jeopardize human health. This work adopted the first portable potentiometric platform for direct TUL sensing in pharmaceutical and food products. The sensor employed a plasticized PVC membrane on a glassy carbon electrode doped with calix[6]arene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a single solid contact layer for selective binding and signal stability. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the material's integrity. The MWCNT-based sensor produced a stable Nernstian response (1.0 × 10-7 to 1.0 × 10-3 M) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.76 × 10-8 M with instantaneous response (8 ± 2 s). IUPAC validation revealed high selectivity for TUL against interfering ions, minimal drift (0.6 mV/h), and functionality over a broad pH range (2.0-7.0), allowing direct application to dosage form, spiked milk, and liver samples. Eco-Scale, AGREE, and Whiteness assessment proved the method's ecological sustainability, economic viability, and practical feasibility, surpassing traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia G Hussein
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hany H Monir
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala E Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Maha M Galal
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Barros VAF, Zagatto EAG. Relevant insights and concepts overlooked throughout the development of flow analysis. A tutorial. Talanta 2024; 280:126689. [PMID: 39153255 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The conceptual expansion, fast development, and general acceptance of flow analysis are consequence of its adherence to the principles of green and white analytical chemistry, and chemical derivatization plays an essential role in this context. Through the flow analysis development, however, some of its potentialities and limitations have been overlooked. This is more evident when the involved modifications in flow rates, timing and/or manifold architecture deteriorate the analytical signals. These aspects have not always been systematically investigated, and are addressed here in relation to flow analyzers with UV-Vis spectrophotometric detection. Novel strategies for solution handling, guidance for dealing with the aforementioned analytical signal deterioration, and an alternative possibility for exploiting differential aspiration are presented. The concept of blank reagent carrier stream is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemir A F Barros
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Elias A G Zagatto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, 13400-970, Brazil.
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Stelmaszczyk P, Białkowska K, Wietecha-Posłuszny R. Paper-supported polystyrene membranes for micro-solid phase extraction of date-rape drugs from urine: A sustainable analytical approach. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342874. [PMID: 38969415 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development of micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) procedures with new sorption materials, in particular, based on using natural materials, is currently reported. The production of these sorbents and the entire extraction procedure should support the implementation of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles. Promising materials are sorbents based on paper, which can be relatively easily modified, among others: by covering it with a polymer membrane. In this work, the practical application of paper-supported polystyrene used in the analysis of urine samples containing selected date-rape drugs (DRD) substances, and evaluation of the entire procedure using GAC metrics is presented. RESULTS The paper-supported polystyrene membranes were successfully fabricated and characterized. The successful polystyrene coating on the paper was confirmed through ATR-FTIR measurements, ensuring even coverage. The μ-SPE procedure using this material facilitated extraction with a throughput of approximately 120 samples per hour in just a few steps. Throughout the research, a mixture of 100 mM acetic acid:methanol:acetonitrile (70:15:15, v/v/v) was selected as an optimal background electrolyte for capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry analysis. Validation results of this method demonstrated its suitability, exhibiting good linearity (R2 > 0.95), low limits of detection (3.1-15 ng mL-1), acceptable precision (<15 %), and recovery for all tested analytes. Furthermore, the greenness evaluation conducted with six different metrics: AGREEprep, AGREE, ComplexGAPI, SPMS, hexagonal metric, and WAC indicated the overall eco-friendliness and sustainability of the method, with minor concerns regarding energy consumption. SIGNIFICANCE The use of cellulose paper with polystyrene membranes for μ-SPE provides a versatile and eco-friendly extraction method for detecting DRDs in urine samples. The presented work is an example of the use of GAC metrics in the evaluation of the analytical procedure. The optimized PT-μ-SPE/CE-MS method allows for minimized reagent usage and waste production. Moreover, the method proves to be sustainable and efficient for forensic toxicology analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Stelmaszczyk
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Román-Hidalgo C, Villar-Navarro M, Martín-Valero MJ, López-Pérez G. Chemical nature evolution of solid supports used in electromembrane extraction procedures: A comparative analysis based on metric tools. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342868. [PMID: 38969413 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, green chemistry has been focusing on the adaptation of different chemical methods towards environmental friendliness. Sample preparation procedures, which constitute a fundamental step in analytical methodology, have also been modified and implemented in this direction. In particular, electromembrane extraction (EME) procedures, which have traditionally used plastic supports, have been optimized towards greener approaches through the emergence of alternative materials. In this regard, biopolymer-based membranes (such as agarose or chitosan) have become versatile and very promising substitutes to perform these processes. RESULTS Different green metric tools (Analytical Eco-Scale, ComplexGAPI and AGREEprep have been applied to study the evolution of solid supports used in EME from nanostructured tissues and polymer inclusion membranes to agar films and chitosan flat membranes. The main goal is to evaluate the usage of these new biomaterials in the analytical procedure to quantify their environmental impact in the frame of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). In addition, both RGB model and BAGI metrics have been employed to study the sustainability of the whole procedure, including not only greenness, but also analytical performance and feasibility aspects. Results obtained after the performance of the mentioned metrics have demonstrated that the most efficient and environmentally friendly analytical methods are based on the use of chitosan supports. This improvement is mainly due to the chemical nature of this biopolymer as well as to the removal of organic solvents. SIGNIFICANCE This work highlights the advantages of biodegradable materials employment in EME procedures to achieve green analytical methodologies. These materials also contribute to raise the figure of merits regarding to the quantification parameters in a wide range of applications compared to classical supports employed in EME, thus enhancing sustainability of procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Román-Hidalgo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Villar-Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martín-Valero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Germán López-Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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Catalá-Icardo M, Gómez-Benito C, Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM. Green synthesis of MIL53(Al)-modified paper-based analytical device for efficient extraction of neonicotinoid insecticides from environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342841. [PMID: 38969405 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to develop low-cost, reliable and portable devices to enhance the efficiency of microextraction techniques in complex samples. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be promising sorbents due to their well-documented properties. However, their green preparation and combination with paper-based substrates have not been satisfactorily explored to fabricate sustainable sorptive phases. RESULTS In this work, the hybridization of a paper substrate (as a sustainable support) with MOFs (as a sorptive phase) was carried out by one-pot approach. Concretely, the selected MOF, MIL-53(Al), was in-situ growth onto the paper surface in aqueous solution without the need for high temperature or pressure, thereby aligning with the Green Analytical Chemistry principles. The optimized composite (MIL-53(Al)@cellulose paper) was characterized and evaluated as extraction sorbent for five neonicotinoids (NEOs) (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid). Furthermore, its feasibility was demonstrated by isolating these pollutants from environmental water samples, followed their determination by HPLC coupled to diode array detection. The whole method showed satisfactory analytical performance with recoveries between 86 and 114 %, suitable precision (with RSD lower than 14 %), and limits of detection ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 μg L-1. Besides, the greenness of the method was assessed by application of different existing metrics. The developed extraction device was affordable (<0.08 €/device) and mechanical and chemically stable, being possible its reuse more than 11 cycles, thus demonstrating its suitability for rapid screening of pesticides in environmental samples. SIGNIFICANCE This report presents, for the first time, the green synthesis of MIL-53(Al)cellulose paper composite and its application as a sorptive phase for the extraction of NEOs from environmental water samples. We believe that the proposed strategy for fabricating these sustainable paper-based sorptive phases paves the way for further hybridizations with other MOFs or materials. Additionally, it opens up large possibilities for their application in extraction of pollutants or other hazardous compounds in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Catalá-Icardo
- Research Institute for the Integrated Management of Coastal Zones, Gandía Campus, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, Grao de Gandía, 46730, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gómez-Benito
- Research Institute for the Integrated Management of Coastal Zones, Gandía Campus, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, Grao de Gandía, 46730, Valencia, Spain
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Hamad AA, Saleh SF, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Hamd MAE. Facile Integration of Hanztsch's Switch-Off/On Modeled Fluorogenic Probe for Feasible Tagging and Tracking of the Midodrine Drug in Different Matrices; First Evaluation of the Method's Greenness, Whiteness, Blueness, Quantum Yield, and Tablets' Content Homogeneity. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03839-x. [PMID: 39102112 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The proposed investigation follows a certain methodology to guarantee that the procedure employed is sustainable and green. It is noteworthy to mention that various tools have been implemented as potential indicators of environmental sustainability (greenness and whiteness). From a novelty viewpoint, a new tool, BAGI, for the method's blueness evaluation was applied to the planned method and showed a high applicability score. Fortunately, the WAC concept, which combines ecological and functional variables using the Green/Red/Blue design (RBG 12 tool), identifies the established analytical approach as white. In the planned study, a new, green, simple, nano-trace-sensitive, original fluorimetric methodology was established to analyze and assess midodrine hydrochloride content in different matrices. Midodrine's primary amine moiety reacts with Diacetylmethane/Oxymethylene reagent in an acetate buffer, which leads to generating a fluorescent dihydrolutidine derivative (Hantzsch-named reaction). Consequently, the signal strength of this compound was quantified at 487 nm, with an excitation wavelength of 426 nm. This analysis indicated that the technique exhibited linearity within the range of 0.05 to 1.1 µg mL-1 concentrations, accompanied by remarkably good sensitivity values (LOD and LOQ). The methodology employed in this examination was subjected to validation following the rules recognized by ICH. From the perspective of pharmacy and chemistry, the method presented in this study was successfully employed to analyze commercially available tablets, oral drops, and human fluids. The outcomes obtained demonstrated satisfactory recovery rates without any interference from excipients. Following the USP recommendations, the intended technique was finally implemented to explore the content homogeneity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Safaa F Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Jain R, Singh MK, Ali N, Khan MR, Bajaj A, Mudiam MKR. Innovative disposable in-tip cellulose paper (DICP) device for facile determination of pesticides in postmortem blood samples: A proof-of-concept study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1245:124268. [PMID: 39126993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Accurately identifying and quantifying toxicants is crucial for medico-legal investigations in forensic toxicology; however, low analyte concentrations and the complex samples matrix make this work difficult. Therefore, a simplified sample preparation procedure is crucial to streamline the analysis to minimize sample handling errors, reduce cost and improve the overall efficiency of analysis of toxicants. To address these challenges, an innovative disposable in-tip cellulose paper (DICP) device has been developed for the extraction of three pesticides viz. Chlorpyrifos, Quinalphos and Carbofuran from postmortem blood samples. The DICP device leverages cellulose paper strips housed within a pipette tip to streamline the extraction process, significantly reducing solvent usage, time, and labor while maintaining high analytical accuracy. The extraction of pesticides from postmortem blood using the DICP device involves a streamlined process characterized by adsorption and desorption. The diluted blood samples were processed through the DICP device via repeated aspirating and dispensing calyces to adsorb the pesticides onto the cellulose paper. The adsorbed pesticides are then eluted using acetone, which is collected for GC-MS analysis. The method was meticulously optimized, achieving a limit of quantification in the range of 0.009-0.01 µg mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were consistently less than 5 % and 10 %, respectively, with accuracy ranging from 94-106 %. Relative recoveries for the analytes were observed to be between 60 % and 93.3 %, and matrix effects were determined to be less than 10 %. The method's sustainability was validated with a whiteness score of 98.8, an AGREE score of 0.64, a BAGI score of 70 and ComplexMoGAPI score of 77. Applicability was demonstrated through successful analysis of real postmortem blood samples and proficiency testing samples, highlighting its potential utility in forensic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Jain
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Directorate of Forensic Science Services, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Dakshin Marg, Sector - 36A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Singh
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram 122016, Haryana, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atul Bajaj
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Directorate of Forensic Science Services, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Dakshin Marg, Sector - 36A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram 122016, Haryana, India; Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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12
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El-Masry AA, Abbas AEF, Salem YA. A dual methodology employing ion-pair chromatography and built-in UV spectrophotometry for quantifying recently approved combination of mometasone and indacaterol in a novel combined metered dose inhaler: assessing the greenness, carbon footprint, blueness, and whiteness. BMC Chem 2024; 18:143. [PMID: 39097711 PMCID: PMC11297607 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing analytical techniques that align with green and sustainable chemistry principles is crucial in today's scientific landscape. This work introduces two innovative approaches for the simultaneous quantification of indacaterol (IND) and mometasone (MOM), a recently approved combination therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These methods-rapid isocratic ion pair chromatography (IPC) and UV-visible spectrophotometry-demonstrate improved environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and versatility compared to existing techniques. The optimized 4-min IPC method achieved excellent resolution (retention times 2.18 ± 0.1 min for IND and 3.95 ± 0.1 min for MOM), peak symmetry, and sensitivity. It utilizes a low-cost ion pair mobile phase of acetonitrile and acidified water containing 0.025% sodium dodecyl sulfate (50:50% v/v), making it suitable for laboratories with standard chromatographic instruments. The spectrophotometric approach offers two procedures: first derivative and ratio derivative methods. These serve as simplified, low-cost alternatives for resource-limited laboratories without access to advanced instruments. Both techniques feature simplified protocols that minimize extraction and fractionation steps. Comprehensive validation confirmed outstanding accuracy (98-102%) and precision (%2 <). Sustainability assessments using ComplexGAPI, AGREE, carbon footprint, BAGI, and RGB12 tools demonstrated enhanced environmental performance compared to existing methods. The IPC and spectrophotometry methods achieved greenness scores of 0.81 and 0.85, respectively, surpassing the 0.63-0.67 range of reported techniques. Additionally, they showed lower carbon footprints of 0.035 and 0.022 kg CO2 equivalent emissions per sample, compared to 0.079-0.092 kg for conventional procedures. The application of novel "blueness" and "whiteness" concepts using BAGI and RGB12 algorithms further confirmed superior sustainability, with scores of 87.5 & 90 for blueness and 88.1 & 89.8 for whiteness. Successfully applied to quantify IND and MOM in combined capsules, this work provides a model for eco-friendly pharmaceutical analysis that maintains high analytical reliability while improving sustainability metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A El-Masry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Emad F Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, 12585, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yomna A Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, 341636, Egypt.
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13
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Salem AlSalem H, Alharbi SN, Al-Goul ST, Katamesh NS, Abdel-Lateef MA. A sustainable methodology employing the extract of red dragon fruit peel as a fluorescence probe for detection of indigo carmine (E132) in food samples: evaluation of the method's greenness, whiteness, and blueness. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24010-24018. [PMID: 39086526 PMCID: PMC11290330 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02613f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Indigo carmine dye is one of the most widely used dyes in various fields. In this study, the ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit peel (Ex-RDFP) was employed as a green fluorescence probe for measuring the synthetic dye indigo carmine. At a fluorescence excitation of 290.5 nm, the Ex-RDFP exhibits a fluorescence emission band at 341.5 nm. Meanwhile, the indigo carmine dye possesses an absorption spectrum at a maximum peak of 290 nm. Consequently, the fluorescence intensity of the Ex-RDFP was reduced upon the addition of indigo carmine solution due to the inner filter effect mechanism. This quenching in the fluorescence intensity of Ex-RDFP was substantially associated with the indigo carmine concentration at a linear scale of 1.0-7.0 μg mL-1 (r 2 = 0.9993). Furthermore, the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation of the method were found to be 0.209 μg mL-1 and 0.635 μg mL-1, respectively. The optimal analytical conditions, such as solvent used for dilution, pH, reaction time, volume of the reagent, and temperature, were examined and carefully studied. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to detect indigo carmine dye in various natural syrup samples, including lemon syrup, apple syrup, cantaloupe syrup, pineapple syrup, and guava syrup, with acceptable recovery values. The method's beneficial sustainability footprint was found by using an extensive greenness analysis that incorporated the modified National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), the complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and the Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) prep algorithms. In addition, "whiteness" and "blueness" were also assessed with the newly released (Red Green Blue 12) RGB12 and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) computational methods, emphasizing the benefit of the proposed method in terms of analytical efficiency, sustainability, and economy. The suggested technique is the answer to the worldwide popularity of ecologically conscious solutions by providing a green-and-white substitute for traditional techniques and advancing towards creating more sustainable quality control procedures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Salem AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Naif Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Talal Al-Goul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University Rabigh 21911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha S Katamesh
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Assiut Branch Assiut 71524 Egypt +201028136868
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14
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Ashraf A, ElDin NB, Rostom Y, El-Zeany BA, Sedik GA. Novel RP-HPLC-DAD approach for simultaneous determination of chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride and caffeine with their related substances. BMC Chem 2024; 18:133. [PMID: 39030644 PMCID: PMC11264915 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the quality control of active pharmaceutical ingredients is crucial for drug products being introduced into the market. Even for established drugs, it is necessary to maintain a cutting-edge impurity control system. To analyze caffeine and chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride in their binary mixture, as well as theophylline and chlorphenoxamine N-oxide as related substances, a reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector system was created. The chromatographic separation was conducted using a C18 X-select Waters® column. The mobile phase consisted of 20.0 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate modified to pH 3 with o-phosphoric acid and methanol. A gradient elution program was adopted at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min and detected at a wavelength of 222 nm. The present methodology demonstrates a concentration ranging from 2-60, 1-80, 0.5-20 to 0.4-20 µg/mL for chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride, caffeine, chlorphenoxamine N-Oxide and theophylline, respectively. Chlorphenoxamine N-Oxide, being an impurity of chlorphenoxamine was prepared by refluxing intact drug with 5% H2O2 for 24 h at 100 °C. One of the objectives of the analytical community is to promote the adoption of green analysis methods, which involve the development of environmentally friendly techniques. The levels of greenness and whiteness were evaluated using four specific tools: Eco-Scale System, GAPI, AGREE, and RGB tool. Furthermore, we have evaluated the greenness of the analytical method presented and compared its performance and greenness to that of the approach described in the literature. In this study, results from CPX and CAF analysis were compared to those obtained in a previous study. The result shows that there is no notable variation in precision and accuracy. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the requirements of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ashraf
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Norhan Badr ElDin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Rostom
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Badr A El-Zeany
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Sedik
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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15
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Samanidou V. Evaluating the "Blueness" of a method: the new drift to assess practicality in (green) bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2024:1-4. [PMID: 39016191 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2374670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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16
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Ibrahim EA, Marzouk HM, Hegazy MA, Fattah LEA, Saad SS. Ecofriendly micellar mediated spectrofluorimetric method for ultrasensitive quantification of the antiparkinsonian drug safinamide in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16460. [PMID: 39013989 PMCID: PMC11252346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel, highly sensitive and eco-friendly micellar-mediated spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the determination of the novel antiparkinsonian drug safinamide mesylate in the presence of its related precursor impurity, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The proposed approach relies on increasing the inherent fluorescence emission at 296 nm of safinamide, by forming hydrogen bonds between the mentioned drug and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the micellar system using 0.1 N HCl as a solvent, following excitation at 226 nm. A thorough investigation was conducted into the experimental factors affecting spectrofluorimetric behavior of the studied drug. A linearity plot of safinamide over the concentration range of 10.0-1000.0 ng/mL against the relative fluorescence intensities was established. The proposed method demonstrated excellent sensitivity down to the nano-gram level with detection and quantitation limits of 1.91 and 5.79 ng/mL, respectively. The studied drug was effectively determined in Parkimedine® Tablets. Furthermore, the proposed method allows for ultrasensitive quantification of safinamide in spiked human plasma, with satisfactory percentage recovery (98.97-102.28%). Additionally, the greenness assessment using the advanced green certificate classification approach, the complementary green analytical procedure index (Complex-GAPI), and the analytical GREEness metric approach (AGREE), along with the practicality check using the Blue Applicability Grade Index in addition to the all-inclusive overall whiteness evaluation using the RGB-12 model were carried out. The outcomes demonstrated the effectiveness and whiteness of the proposed technique. Clearly, the suggested approach has the advantages of being simple, requiring no pretreatment steps, and relying solely on direct measuring procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Marzouk
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Laila E Abdel Fattah
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah S Saad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Bonaccorso G, Renai L, Checchini L, Del Bubba M. A Novel Apparatus for the Fully Automated Extraction and Online Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Solid Environmental Samples: Application to the Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Pharmaceuticals in Soil. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11390-11396. [PMID: 38965040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
A new self-assembled apparatus for the extraction of solid samples was designed and implemented to perform a recirculated pressurized hot water extraction (R-PHWE) directly coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To investigate the potential of this new extraction apparatus, 34 target pharmaceutical compounds were analyzed in loam, silt-loam, and silty-clay-loam soils. The target analytes were characterized by heterogeneous physicochemical properties (e.g., -1.60 ≤ log D ≤ 5.91 at pH = 7.2, i.e., at the mean pH values of the three soils). Design of experiments (DoE) was used to identify the best extraction conditions for the target analytes by studying temperature, pressure, and number of extraction cycles. The results of DoE optimization pointed out the significant influence of the number of cycles on recovery. The application of DoE set point to the three reference soils provided recoveries ≥60% for 21-25 out the 34 target analytes, depending on soil. Good recovery precision (<25%) and moderate suppressive matrix effect (≤40%) were found for most target analytes, regardless of the soil considered. The optimized R-PHWE procedure evidenced statistically higher recoveries for 16 out of 34 target analytes when compared to conventional off-line dynamic PHWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Checchini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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18
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El Deeb S. Enhancing Sustainable Analytical Chemistry in Liquid Chromatography: Guideline for Transferring Classical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Methods into Greener, Bluer, and Whiter Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:3205. [PMID: 38999157 PMCID: PMC11243568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review is dedicated to sustainable practices in liquid chromatography. HPLC and UHPLC methods contribute significantly to routine analytical techniques. Therefore, the transfer of classical liquid chromatographic methods into sustainable ones is of utmost importance in moving toward sustainable development goals. Among other principles to render a liquid chromatographic method green, the substitution of the organic solvent component in the mobile phase with a greener one received great attention. This review concentrates on choosing the best alternative green organic solvent to replace the classical solvent in the mobile phase for easy, rapid transfer to a more sustainable normal phase or reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The main focus of this review will be on describing the transfer of non-green to green and white chromatographic methods in an effort to elevate sustainability best practices in analytical chemistry. The greenness properties and greenness ranking, in addition to the chromatographic suitability of seventeen organic solvents for liquid chromatography, are mentioned to have a clear insight into the issue of rapidly choosing the appropriate solvent to transfer a classical HPLC or UHPLC method into a more sustainable one. A simple guide is proposed for making the liquid chromatographic method more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Phirisi N, Płotka-Wasylka J, Bunkoed O. A magnetic imprinted polymer nano-adsorbent with embedded quantum dots and mesoporous carbon for the microextraction of triazine herbicides. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1726:464977. [PMID: 38735117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) adsorbent incorporating amino-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and mesoporous carbon (MIP@MPC@N-GQDs@Fe3O4NH2) was fabricated to extract triazine herbicides from fruit juice. The embedded magnetite nanoparticles simplified the isolation of the adsorbent from the sample solution. The N-GQDs and MPC enhanced adsorption by affinity binding with triazines. The MIP layer provided highly specific recognition sites for the selective adsorption of three target triazines. The extracted triazines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detection (DAD). The developed method exhibited linearity from 1.5 to 100.0 µg L-1 with a detection limit of 0.5 µg L-1. Recoveries from spiked fruit juice samples were in the range of 80.1- 108.4 %, with a relative standard deviation of less than 6.0 %. The developed MMIP adsorbent demonstrated good selectivity, high extraction efficiency, ease of fabrication and use, and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhasima Phirisi
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Opas Bunkoed
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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20
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Benedetti B, Ceccardi E, MacKeown H, Di Carro M, Magi E. Exploring the potentialities of a biodegradable polymeric film in sample preparation: An optimized "white" protocol to extract and quantify emerging contaminants in water. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342725. [PMID: 38816162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of white analytical chemistry encourages the development of methods characterized by a balance among greenness, productivity/feasibility and analytical performances. In the environmental analysis of emerging contaminants (ECs), for which high sensitivity and specificity are mandatory, the use of green and sustainable sample preparation needs to be coupled to a reliable analytical determination. Herein, an extraction method based on the use of a biodegradable polymeric film (Mater-Bi) and coupled to LC-MS/MS analysis was developed for the sensitive determination of ECs in wastewater. RESULTS The interaction among a range of ECs and the Mater-Bi film (a commercially available patented blend of polybutylene-terephthalate, starch and fatty acids) was investigated by two sequential experimental designs, to simultaneously study several factors and optimize extraction efficiency. The final method, resembling a fabric phase sorptive extraction, involved pH and ionic strength modification of the sample, 1h extraction and desorption in ethanol. Satisfactory recoveries from real wastewater were obtained for sixteen analytes (56-116 %), as well as excellent precision (inter-day relative standard deviations below 10 % for most compounds). Matrix effect was in the range 88-116 % at the lower pre-concentration factor, but also acceptable in most cases at the higher pre-concentration factor. LODs in matrix, from 0.004 to 0.159 μg L-1, were lower than or comparable to those from recent studies employing green extraction procedures. The method demonstrated its applicability to samples from wastewater treatment plants, allowing quantification of pharmaceuticals and UV filters at the μg L-1 and ng L-1 levels, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, the synthetic biopolymer Mater-Bi, so far unexplored for the use in analytical chemistry, was exploited for a green, simple and extremely cheap extraction protocol. The optimized method is suitable for several ECs, guaranteeing very good accuracy, precision and specificity, also thanks to the LC-MS/MS analysis. The evaluation by green and white analytical chemistry metrics highlighted its superiority to conventional extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy.
| | - Erica Ceccardi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Henry MacKeown
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Di Carro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
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21
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Senila M. Recent Advances in the Determination of Major and Trace Elements in Plants Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:3169. [PMID: 38999125 PMCID: PMC11243047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest in measuring major and trace elements in plants has increased in recent years because of growing concerns about the elements' contribution to daily intakes or the health risks posed by ingesting vegetables contaminated by potentially toxic elements. The recent advances in using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to measure major and trace elements in plant samples are reviewed in the present work. The sample preparation before instrumental determination and the main advantages and limitations of ICP-OES are described. New trends in element extraction in liquid solutions using fewer toxic solvents and microextractions are observed in recently published literature. Even though ICP-OES is a well-established and routine technique, recent innovations to increase its performance have been found. Validated methods are needed to ensure the obtaining of reliable results. Much research has focused on assessing principal figures of merit, such as limits of detection, quantification, selectivity, working ranges, precision in terms of repeatability and reproducibility, and accuracy through spiked samples or certified reference materials analysis. According to the published literature, the ICP-OES technique, 50 years after the release of the first commercially available equipment, remains a powerful and highly recommended tool for element determination on a wide range of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Hammood NH, Kadhim FA, Al-Gufaili MK, Azooz EA, Snigur D. A Comparative Review of Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction Methods for Metal Separation: recent Developments, Enhanced co-Factors, Challenges, and Environmental Assessment. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38949955 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2366939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The current work is devoted to a comparative analysis of enhanced co-factors in solidified floating organic drop microextraction methods (SFODME) and an environmental assessment. Also, the description of SFODME, with a focus on its applications in the determination of metals in different matrices, was explained. The impact of several parameters, developments, and greenness evaluations was introduced. Especially, the review provides a concise overview of the multiple approaches to SFODME, with an emphasis on environmentally friendly, supported co-factors. These mods include ultrasound, vortex, and air-assisted SFODME procedures. The selectivity and sensitivity increase when co-factors are added to SFODME. Lastly, the analysis also aims to select tools (Analytic GREEnness Metric Approach (AGREE), Red-Green-Blue (RGB12), and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI)) that have been described as environmentally friendly. Additionally provide an explanation of the data collected, compare, and emphasize the advantages of certain characteristics in each tool. Furthermore, case studies and comparisons for three tools were shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatimah Abdulwahhab Kadhim
- Al-Shahid Abd Al-Muneim Alfaris School in Kufa, The General Directorate of Education Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education, Iraq
| | - Melath K Al-Gufaili
- The Gifted Students' School in Najaf, The General Directorate of Education Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education, Iraq
| | - Ebaa Adnan Azooz
- The Gifted Students' School in Najaf, The General Directorate of Education Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Denys Snigur
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine
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23
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Colozza N, Mazzaracchio V, Arduini F. Paper-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Target Analytes in Liquid, Aerosol, and Solid Samples. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:127-147. [PMID: 38640070 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061522-034228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has been incredibly fruitful in proving the multifunctionality of paper for delivering innovative electrochemical (bio)sensors. The paper material exhibits unprecedented versatility to deal with complex liquid matrices and facilitate analytical detection in aerosol and solid phases. Such remarkable capabilities are feasible by exploiting the intrinsic features of paper, including porosity, capillary forces, and its easy modification, which allow for the fine designing of a paper device. In this review, we shed light on the most relevant paper-based electrochemical (bio)sensors published in the literature so far to identify the smart functional roles that paper can play to bridge the gap between academic research and real-world applications in the biomedical, environmental, agrifood, and security fields. Our analysis aims to highlight how paper's multifarious properties can be artfully harnessed for breaking the boundaries of the most classical applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Colozza
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
- 2Sense4Med S.R.L., Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
- 2Sense4Med S.R.L., Rome, Italy
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24
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Habeeb MR, Morshedy SM, Daabees HG, Elonsy SM. Whiteness and greenness assessments of a sensitive HPLC method with fluorimetric detection for dapagliflozin quantitation in human plasma: Application to a healthy human volunteer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400313. [PMID: 38943448 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The evident ecological impact of human actions, like air pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion, underscores the need for environmentally friendly approaches across various domains, including analytical chemistry. This study aimed to establish a validated, eco-friendly, and sustainable approach utilizing a fluorescence detector coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for quantifying the antihyperglycemic agent dapagliflozin (DAPA), in human plasma. This method employed a C18 Microsorb MV (4.5 × 250 mm, 5 μm [particle size]) column at 40°C, with 40:60% v/v isocratic elution of acetonitrile and (0.1%) orthophosphoric acid as the mobile phase at 1 mL/min flow rate. DAPA and the internal standard demonstrated their greatest response by performing excitation at 225 nm (λex) and recording chromatograms at an emission wavelength (λem) equal to 305 nm. The presented approach demonstrated high linearity between 50 and 2000 ng/mL and full adherence to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration regarding the validation of bioanalytical methods. The described technique was effectively used for quantification of DAPA in human plasma samples from a healthy male participant who received a tablet of 10 mg DAPA. Analytical Eco-Scale, Analytical GREEnness metric, and the recently created ChlorTox Scale were utilized for greenness assessment. Additionally, the "Red, Green, and Blue 12" model was used in whiteness evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha R Habeeb
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Samir M Morshedy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hoda G Daabees
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sohila M Elonsy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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25
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Abdullatif HA, Abdelkawy M, Kamal M, Fahmy NM. Utilizing two different sustainable and green spectrophotometric approaches using derivative ratio spectra for the determination of a ternary severely overlapped mixture: application to veterinary formulation. BMC Chem 2024; 18:118. [PMID: 38926795 PMCID: PMC11209959 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mathematical manipulation technique has proven to be a very powerful tool for efficient processing and handling of highly overlapped spectra. This work introduced two green and sustainable approaches for the successful recovery of the ternary mixture, Tylosin tartarate (TYL), Sulfadimdine (SLD), and Trimethoprim (TRI). The approaches were constructed using three different methods, derivative ratio spectrum zero-crossing method (DRSZ), double divisor ratio spectra derivative method (DDRD), and factorized derivative ratio method coupled with spectrum subtraction (FDRM-SS). The two approaches succeeded in recovering the three drugs (Linearity range achieved were 0.5-5 µg/mL for TYL, 0.3-1.3 µg/mL for SLD, and 0.3-5 µg/mL for TRI), giving convenient standard deviations and satisfactory recovery percentages. The recommended methods have been verified in accordance with (ICH) guidelines. When the results were statistically compared to the official methods, no significant difference was found. Both AGREE-Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach and Software, and White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) RGB model gave scores of 0.93 and 97.2%, respectively, which proved that the approaches were eco-friendly and abiding by the sustainability principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Abdullatif
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Abdelkawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha Kamal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Fahmy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Rizk M, Ramzy E, Toubar S, Mahmoud AM, A. El Hamd M, Alshehri S, Helmy MI. Bioinspired Carbon Dots-Based Fluorescent Sensor for the Selective Determination of a Potent Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Presence of Its Photodegradation Products. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27517-27527. [PMID: 38947834 PMCID: PMC11209878 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized biogenic carbon dots (CDs) with blue-shifted maximum excitation (λex/λem of 320/404 nm) from largely wasted tangerine seeds for the first time via a one-step hydrothermal method. The biogenic CDs exhibit a maximum excitation wavelength that overlaps with the absorption spectrum of ketorolac tromethamine (KETO) at 320 nm. The developed CDs serve as a turn-off fluorescent probe via an inner filter effect (IFE) quenching mechanism. The resulting CDs have high quantum yield (QY) (39% ± 2.89%, n = 5) and exhibited great performance toward KETO over a concentration range of 0.50-16.00 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) = 0.17 μg/mL. The nanoprobe achieved a high % recovery in assaying KETO in tablet dosage form and had not been significantly affected by various interferents including co-formulated and co-administered drugs. The nanoprobe shows selectivity toward KETO, even in the presence of its photocatalytic degradation products. It can effectively investigate the elimination of KETO from aquatic systems and test its stability in pharmaceutical preparations. The developed nanoprobe underwent a comprehensive evaluation of its environmental impact using analytical eco-scale (AES), complex green analytical procedure index (Complex GAPI), and the Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE). The sustainability of the developed nano sensor was assessed and compared to the reported metal-based quantum dots probe for KETO using the innovative RGB 12 model, considering 12 white analytical chemistry (WAC) perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rizk
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, EinHelwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Emad Ramzy
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, EinHelwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Safaa Toubar
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, EinHelwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Mahmoud
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El Hamd
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa I. Helmy
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, EinHelwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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27
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Al-Wasidi AS, Ahmed HA, Alshammari MFA, Nafee SS, Mohamed MA. Cutting-edge HPLC and MCR techniques for synchronically quantifying anticholinergic drugs in the presence of C12 and C14 homologs: Robust application to green and white chemistry. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400256. [PMID: 38889397 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Green and white chemistry are vital to revolutionizing the chemical industry through their unparalleled potential to enhance sustainability and efficiency. In this study, nine sustainability tools of both green and white metrics, including green analytical procedure index (GAPI), ComplexGAPI, analytical greenness, analytical greenness metric for sample preparation, Analytical Eco-Scale (ESA), analytical method greenness score, high-performance liquid chromatography- environmental assessment tool (HPLC-EAT), analytical method volume intensity, and blue applicability grade index (BAGI), have been developed for appraising environmental friendliness for both innovative and straightforward mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) strategies utilized for concurrent analysis and separation of cyclopentolate (CYC) and C12 and C14 homologs of benzalkonium chloride (BNZ) in pure and ophthalmic solution. The mobile phase, formed of buffer phosphate and acetonitrile (35:65, v/v), was adjusted to pH 6.3, and 215-nm UV detection was used. The experimental flow rate was 2.0 mL min-1, and the analytical column was L11 Inertsil Ph-3 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). All sequences were run at 25°C in the column oven. The MCR approach effectively resolved the drug's spectral overlapping. CYC and BNZ employed this approach at 227.5 and 220.4 nm, respectively. As part of the HPLC analysis, an isocratic method was employed with phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the mobile phase at 35:65. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 was observed between the calibration curves for the HPLC and MCR methods in the ranges of 20-320 µg mL-1 and 5-30 µg mL-1 for all drugs. The technique yields excellent primary recovery rates, ranging from 97.2% to 100.5%. The recommended approach has been validated according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S Al-Wasidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sherif S Nafee
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, K.S.A
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28
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Mostafa A. Insights into the sustainability of liquid chromatographic methods for favipiravir bioanalysis: a comparative study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19658-19679. [PMID: 38899032 PMCID: PMC11185049 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of favipiravir as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, particularly in treating influenza and exploring its potential against COVID-19, emphasizes the necessity for efficient analytical methods. Liquid chromatography has emerged as a commonly utilized technique for quantifying favipiravir in biological fluids. However, the environmental and health concerns linked to classical analytical methods mean a transition toward green analytical chemistry is required. This study investigates the environmental impact of 19 liquid chromatographic methods utilized in the bioanalysis of favipiravir. Recognizing the importance of eco-friendly practices in pharmaceutical analysis, the study employs three widely accepted greenness assessment tools: Analytical Eco-Scale (AES), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE). Moreover, it incorporates a comprehensive evaluation on a global scale utilizing the whiteness assessment tool Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12). The comprehensive evaluation aims to extend beyond traditional validation criteria and considerations of green chemistry, providing insights into the development of practically efficient, eco-friendly and economical analytical methods for favipiravir determination. This study emphasizes the necessity of planning for the environmental impact and overall sustainability of analytical methods before laboratory trials. Additionally, the integration of greenness/whiteness evaluation in method validation protocols is strongly advocated, emphasizing the importance of critical and global evaluations in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Eastern Province Saudi Arabia (+966) 56 262 3776
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29
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Nasr MS, Kaddah MM, Morshedy S, Omran G, Talaat W. Determination of baloxavir marboxil in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma using its quenching action on acetoxymercuric fluorescein reagent: Assessment of greenness and whiteness. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32120. [PMID: 38912445 PMCID: PMC11190548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A straightforward, reliable, and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric approach has been established for the analysis of baloxavir marboxil (BXM) in raw material, tablets, as well as spiked human plasma. The approach relies on BXM's quenching impact on acetoxymercuric fluorescein (AMF) fluorescence intensity. To improve the reaction, factors such as AMF's concentration, solution's pH, diluting solvents, and reaction time were examined and optimized. Linearity, range, accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ were all verified in compliance with ICH criteria. The concentration range was shown to be linear between 0.2 and 2 μg/mL. The technique was effectively utilized for BXM analysis in both its tablet as well as spiked human plasma, with mean % recoveries of 101 ± 0.36 and 98.77 ± 0.65, respectively. Two assessment models (AGREE and RGB-12) were used to compare the proposed process's greenness and sustainability to four previously published chromatographic techniques. Higher green and sustainability qualities were declared by the suggested approach than by earlier ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M.Y. Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samir Morshedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
| | - Gamal Omran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
| | - Wael Talaat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
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30
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Mascrez S, Aspromonte J, Spadafora ND, Purcaro G. Vacuum-assisted and multi-cumulative trapping in headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with comprehensive multidimensional chromatography-mass spectrometry for profiling virgin olive oil aroma. Food Chem 2024; 442:138409. [PMID: 38237298 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In the present work vacuum (Vac) and multiple cumulative trapping (MCT) headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were evaluated as alternative or combined techniques for the volatile profiling. A higher extraction performance for semi-volatiles was shown by all three techniques. Synergic combination of Vac and MCT showed up to 5-times extraction power for less volatile compounds. The hyphenation of said techniques with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) enabled a comprehensive analysis of the volatilome. Firstly, 18 targeted quality markers, previously defined by means of classical HS-SPME, were explored for their ability to classify commercial categories. The applicability of such markers proved to be limited with the alternative sampling techniques. An untargeted approach enables the selection of specific features for each technique showing a better classification capacity of the commercial categories. No misclassifications were observed, except for one extra virgin olive oil classified as virgin olive oil in 3 × 10 min Vac-MCT-HS-SPME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mascrez
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Juan Aspromonte
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET), Calle 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Natasha Damiana Spadafora
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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31
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Kammoun AK, Hafez HM, Kamel EB, Fawzy MG. A comparative analysis of univariate versus multivariate eco-friendly spectrophotometric manipulations for resolving severely overlapped spectra of vonoprazan and amoxicillin new combination. Anal Biochem 2024; 689:115501. [PMID: 38453048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Vonoprazan and amoxicillin are pharmacological combinations that demonstrate synergistic effects in treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a global public health concern associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Four spectrophotometric methods were developed, including two univariate techniques (Fourier self-deconvolution and ratio difference) and two multivariate chemometric approaches (partial least squares and principal component regression). These methods provide innovative solutions for effectively resolving and accurately quantifying the overlapping spectra of vonoprazan and amoxicillin. The concentration ranges covered were 3-60 μg ml-1 for vonoprazan and 5-140 μg ml-1 for amoxicillin. To assess the environmental sustainability of the methodologies, various measures such as the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), Analytical GREEnness Calculator, and Analytical Eco-scale, as well as RGB12 and hexagon toll were implemented. The validation of the developed techniques was carried out in compliance with ICH standards. The present study is highly significant because it is the first time that the mixture has been determined using the current approaches. The comparative analysis demonstrated no significant difference in terms of accuracy and precision compared to reference HPLC method (p = 0.05). The established spectrophotometric methods offer a straightforward, rapid, and cost-effective alternative to complex analytical techniques for determining the vonoprazan and amoxicillin mixture. They show potential for routine analysis in research laboratories and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Kammoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, P.O. Box 80260, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M Hafez
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ebraam B Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Michael Gamal Fawzy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
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32
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Amin KF. Greenness-sustainability metrics for assessment smart-chemometric spectrophotometric strategy for evaluation of the combination of six gastric proton-pump inhibitors with two selected impurities. MethodsX 2024; 12:102670. [PMID: 38577411 PMCID: PMC10993182 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Green analytical approaches are employed for the determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients, in conjunction with their impurities. Smart chemometric spectrophotometric techniques, including orthogonal partial least square (OPLS), variable selection such as genetic algorithm (GA-OPLS), and interval selection (i-OPLS), were utilized. These chemometric models were implemented for assessing six proton-pump inhibitors Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole, and Dexlansoprazole along with two selected official impurities, namely 4-Desmethoxy omeprazole impurity and Rabeprazole-impurity B. Experimental design was implemented to separate impurities, in the process of multivariate calibration, a five-level eight-factor calibration design consisting of 25 samples was selected. This design was deliberately selected to guarantee that the components were mutually orthogonal to assess the model's performance and reliability, a separate validation set of 15 samples was constructed. The best-performing of the proposed techniques were identified by considering the least favorable values of the Correlation Coefficient (R ≥ 0.9995), the Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) values between (0.0102-0.5622), and the Relative Error of Prediction (REP) values between (0.2961-1.1917). The proposed and reported methods' greenness-sustainability was quantitatively evaluated, and a comparative study of the greenness profile was established through a spider chart, the National Environmental Method Index tool, advanced and modified NEMI along with the Hexagon tool, and the whiteness qualities of the presented approaches were assessed by implementing the recently adopted Red-Green-Blue paradigm and White Analytical Chemistry tool. These approaches are well-suited for use in quality control laboratories due to their observed acceptance, long-term sustainability, simplicity, and affordability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanda F.M. Amin
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
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33
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El-Hadi HRA, Eissa MS, Eltanany BM, Zaazaa HE, Arafa RM. Greenness and whiteness assessment of a sustainable voltammetric method for difluprednate estimation in the presence of its alkaline degradation product. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12088. [PMID: 38802402 PMCID: PMC11130124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, scientists are currently attempting to lessen the harmful effects of chemicals on the environment. Stability testing identifies how a drug's quality changes over time. The current work suggests a first and sustainable differential pulse voltammetry technique for quantifying difluprednate (DIF) as an anti-inflammatory agent in the presence of its alkaline degradation product (DEG). The optimum conditions for the developed method were investigated with a glassy carbon electrode and a scan rate of 100 mV s-1. The linearity range was 2.0 × 10-7-1.0 × 10-6 M for DIF. DIF was found to undergo alkaline degradation, when refluxed for 8 h using 2.0 M NaOH, and DEG was successfully characterized utilizing IR and MS/MS. The intended approach demonstrated the selectivity for DIF identification in pure, pharmaceutical, and degradation forms. The student's t-test and F value were used to compare the suggested and reported approaches statistically. The results were validated according to ICH requirements. The greenness of the studied approach was evaluated using the Green Analytical Procedure Index and the Analytical Greenness metric. Additionally, the whiteness features of the proposed approach were examined with the recently released red, green, and blue 12 model, and the recommended strategy performed better than the reported approaches in greenness and whiteness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Abd El-Hadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma M Eltanany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala E Zaazaa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Reham M Arafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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34
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Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H, Gionfriddo E. Evolution of Green Sample Preparation: Fostering a Sustainable Tomorrow in Analytical Sciences. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7840-7863. [PMID: 38687329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- H Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - E Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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35
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Mansour NM, El-Masry AA, El-Sherbiny DT, Moustafa MA. White analytical insight for sensitive fluorescent determination of semaglutide and tirzepatide in pharmaceuticals and biological matrices. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124159. [PMID: 38508074 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The present study is focused on the sensitive determination of newly FDA-approved glucagon-like-peptide agonists semaglutide (SEM) and tirzepatide (TIR). Direct, selective and label-free spectrofluorometric method was proposed and validated (according to ICH guidelines) for determination SEM and TIR in their pure form, newly approved pharmaceuticals and spiked human plasma. The developed method was based on measuring the native fluorescence of SEM and TIR in ethanol at 294.8 and 303 nm after being excited at 216 and 225 nm for SEM and TIR in order. The method sensibility allowed the quantification of both drugs in nano-scale up to 10 ng/mL. Several experimental variables including solvent type, surfactant, and pH were optimized after several attempts to get the best sensitivity for both drugs. The mean recovery percentage of SEM was compared and found in agreement with the reported method using student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test. Additionally, the greenness and whiteness profiles for this approach were evaluated using the GAPI, AGREE, and RGB algorithm; the positive results supported its use as great candidates for successful implementation in quality control labs and the pharmaceutical analysis companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amal A El-Masry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Dina T El-Sherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Moustafa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Kammoun AK, Afify MA, Youssef RM, El-Nahass SA, Younis SE. Ecological assessment and development of analytical methods for concurrent quantification of valsartan and sacubitril: whiteness comparative study based on relative scoring. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16318-16326. [PMID: 38774613 PMCID: PMC11106649 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable analytical chemistry is gaining great interest in global environmental pollution control. In addition, valsartan (VAS) and sacubitril (SAB) have been recently approved by the FDA as a fixed-dose combination "LCZ696". It showed efficacy and safety enough to extend its application from heart failure to hypertension control. VAS/SAB dual therapy is considered expensive; however, its prescription has increased significantly worldwide. This prescription increased the demand for developing sustainable analytical methods that simultaneously analyze VAS and SAB. Highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed for this purpose. A synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique was applied. In one method, it was followed by spectral derivatization at the first-order level. The signals were recorded at 230 and 211 nm for VAS and SAB, respectively. Synchronous spectrofluorimetry was coupled to a dual-wavelength mathematical approach in the second method. Signals were derived by subtracting synchronous responses at 241 nm, 226 nm, and 239 nm from the response at 208 nm for VAS and SAB, respectively. Method validation was carried out following ICH guidelines. VAS showed linear calibration curves spanning the range of 60-200 and 80-600 ng mL-1 for the derivative and dual wavelength-assisted approaches, respectively. SAB achieved linear responses in the range of 17-190 and 30-350 ng mL-1 for the first and second methods, respectively. The green profile of the proposed methods was confirmed using the analytical eco-scale (AES), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and analytical greenness metric (AGREE) tools. The proposed hybrid methods proved highly sustainable through the whiteness RGB 12 algorithm evaluation approach. Whiteness was comparatively assessed for the proposed and reported methods based on relative scoring depending on the parameters of each method. Despite this scoring approach being accurate as a relative score for comparative purposes, it gave rise to underestimated absolute scores. Therefore, to obtain a proper conclusion from the comparative whiteness study, all the methods were ranked according to their whiteness score, illustrating the excellent whiteness ranks of the proposed methods. Upon complete comparison with the reported methods, the suggested ones showed several advantages concerning analytical performance and the greenness level. The proven affordability and simplicity encourage their wide industrial application in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Kammoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A Afify
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Rasha M Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Sara A El-Nahass
- Healthy Care Clinics, Alexandria/INTRAWOOD, International Trading of Wood Alexandria Egypt
| | - Sameh E Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria Alexandria Egypt
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Taha AM, Elmasry MS, Hassan WS, Sayed RA. Spider chart, greenness and whiteness assessment of experimentally designed multivariate models for simultaneous determination of three drugs used as a combinatory antibiotic regimen in critical care units: Comparative study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124115. [PMID: 38484641 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, five earth-friendly spectrophotometric methods using multivariate techniques were developed to analyze levofloxacin, linezolid, and meropenem, which are utilized in critical care units as combination therapies. These techniques were used to determine the mentioned medications in laboratory-prepared mixtures, pharmaceutical products and spiked human plasma that had not been separated before handling. These methods were named classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), genetic algorithm partial least squares (GA-PLS), and artificial neural network (ANN). The methods used a five-level, three-factor experimental design to make different concentrations of the antibiotics mentioned (based on how much of them are found in the plasma of critical care patients and their linearity ranges). The approaches used for levofloxacin, linezolid, and meropenem were in the ranges of 3-15, 8-20, and 5-25 µg/mL, respectively. Several analytical tools were used to test the proposed methods' performance. These included the root mean square error of prediction, the root mean square error of cross-validation, percentage recoveries, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients. The outcome was highly satisfactory. The study found that the root mean square errors of prediction for levofloxacin were 0.090, 0.079, 0.065, 0.027, and 0.001 for the CLS, PCR, PLS, GA-PLS, and ANN models, respectively. The corresponding values for linezolid were 0.127, 0.122, 0.108, 0.05, and 0.114, respectively. For meropenem, the values were 0.230, 0.222, 0.179, 0.097, and 0.099 for the same models, respectively. These results indicate that the developed models were highly accurate and precise. This study compared the efficiency of artificial neural networks and classical chemometric models in enhancing spectral data selectivity for quickly identifying three antimicrobials. The results from these five models were subjected to statistical analysis and compared with each other and with the previously published ones. Finally, the whiteness of the methods was assessed by the recently published white analytical chemistry (WAC) RGB 12, and the greenness of the proposed methods was assessed using AGREE, GAPI, NEMI, Raynie and Driver, and eco-scale, which showed that the suggested approaches had the least negative environmental impact. Furthermore, to demonstrate solvent sustainability, a greenness index using a spider chart methodology was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Taha
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Manal S Elmasry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rania A Sayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Abdel-Lateef MA, Darwish IA, Gomaa H, Katamesh NS. Design of resonance Rayleigh scattering and spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of the antihistaminic drug, hydroxyzine, based on its interaction with 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein: Evaluation of analytical eco-scale and greenness/whiteness algorithms. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4766. [PMID: 38785095 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, two validated approaches were used for estimating hydroxyzine HCl for the first time using resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and spectrofluorimetric techniques. The suggested approaches relied on forming an association complex between hydroxyzine HCl and 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein (erythrosin B) reagent in an acidic media. The quenching in the fluorescence intensity of 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein by hydroxyzine at 551.5 nm (excitation = 527.5 nm) was used for determining the studied drug by the spectrofluorimetric technique. The RRS approach is based on amplifying the RRS spectrum at 348 nm upon the interaction of hydroxyzine HCl with 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein. The spectrofluorimetric methodology and the RRS methodology produced linear results within ranges of 0.15-1.5 μg ml-1 and 0.1-1.2 μg ml-1, respectively. LOD values for these methods were determined to be 0.047 μg ml-1 and 0.033 μg ml-1, respectively. The content of hydroxyzine HCl in its pharmaceutical tablet was estimated using the developed procedures with acceptable recoveries. Additionally, the application of four greenness and whiteness algorithms shows that they are superior to the previously reported method in terms of sustainability, economics, analytical performance, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassanien Gomaa
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Noha S Katamesh
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Souza Futigami L, Barcellos Hoff R, Turnes Pasini Deolindo C, Kleemann CR, Alves de Oliveira LV, de Francisco de Casas A, Burin VM. Search for new green natural solid phases for sample preparation for PAHs determination in seafood samples followed by LC and GC-MS/MS analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 183:114240. [PMID: 38760119 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic organic pollutants found in various environments, notably aquatic ecosystems and the food chain, posing significant health risks. Traditional methods for detecting PAHs in food involve complex processes and considerable reagent usage, raising environmental concerns. This study explores eco-friendly approaches suing solid phases derived from natural sources in matrix solid phase dispersion. We aimed to develop, optimize, and validate a sample preparation technique for seafood, employing natural materials for PAH analysis. Ten natural phases were compared with a commercial reference phase. The methodology involved matrix solid phase dispersion and pressurized liquid extraction, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three solid phases (perlite, sweet manioc starch, and barley) showed superior performance in LC-MS/MS and were further evaluated with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), confirming perlite as the most effective phase. Validation followed Brazilian regulatory guidelines and European Community Regulation 2021/808/EC. The resulting method offered advantages in cost-effectiveness, reduced environmental impact, cleaner extracts, and enhanced analytical performance compared to the reference solid phase and LC-MS/MS. Proficiency analysis confirmed method reliability, with over 50% alignment with green analytical chemistry principles. In conclusion, this study developed an environmentally sustainable sample preparation technique for seafood analysis using natural solid phases, particularly perlite, for PAH determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Souza Futigami
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barcellos Hoff
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançado de São José (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC 88102-600, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Turnes Pasini Deolindo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil; Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançado de São José (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC 88102-600, Brazil; Instituto Catarinense de Sanidade Agropecuária (ICASA), Florianópolis, SC 88034-100, Brazil
| | - Cristian Rafael Kleemann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil; Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançado de São José (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC 88102-600, Brazil; Instituto Catarinense de Sanidade Agropecuária (ICASA), Florianópolis, SC 88034-100, Brazil
| | - Luan Valdomiro Alves de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil; Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançado de São José (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC 88102-600, Brazil
| | - Alicia de Francisco de Casas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil; Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil
| | - Vivian Maria Burin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil; Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, SC 88034-100, Brazil.
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Abdel-Lateef MA, Darwish IA, Gomaa H, Katamesh NS. Development of Eco-Friendly Scattering and Fluorimetric Methods for the Determination of Clemastine Through Its Interaction with Eosin Y: Assessment of Whiteness, Blueness, and Greenness Tools. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03679-9. [PMID: 38625571 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, clemastine was estimated in this work utilizing two validated resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and fluorimetric methods. The methods relied on forming an association complex in an acidic medium between eosin Y reagent and clemastine. In the spectrofluorimetric approach, the investigated drug was quantified by quenching the fluorescence-emission intensity of eosin Y at 543.5 nm. The RRS method relied on enhancing the RRS spectrum at 331.8 nm, which is produced when eosin Y interacts with clemastine. Suitable conditions were established for the reaction to achieve maximum sensitivity. The linear values obtained from the spectrofluorimetric approach and the RRS method fall into the ranges of 0.2-1.5 µg mL- 1 and 0.25-2.0 µg mL- 1, respectively. It was established that the detection limits for these methods were 0.045 µg mL- 1 and 0.059 µg mL- 1, respectively. The developed methodologies yielded acceptable recoveries when used to estimate the quantity of clemastine in its pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. Regarding the use of greener solvents that were chosen, the suggested and reported methods were compared with the help of the Green Solvents Selecting (GSST) tool for assessing hazardous solvents to achieve sustainability. Furthermore, analytical Eco scale and comprehensive assessments of whiteness, blueness, and greenness were carried out utilizing Modified NEMI, ComplexGAPI, and AGREE evaluation tools. Additionally, recently developed tools such as BAGI and RGB 12 were applied to assess the blueness and the whiteness of the suggested methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassanien Gomaa
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Noha S Katamesh
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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41
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Sakur AA, Karman M. Eco-friendly and smart spectrophotometric approaches for quality control analysis of one of β-blockers in their dosage. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 311:123961. [PMID: 38340444 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry's rapid progress has spurred the demand for diverse analysis approaches within quality control laboratories to investigate approved drug combinations. Antihypertensive drugs, especially beta-blockers (BB), represent a significant pharmaceutical group, with increasing consumption. The presented research resolves spectral overlay for important binary combination of Propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) which its zero order spectrums exhibit interference with a lack of iso-absorptive points, throughout three proposed approaches: Induced Dual Wavelength (IDW), Absorptivity Factor (α-factor), and Amplitude Factor (P-factor). These approaches enable simultaneous spectrophotometric identification of binary mixture without prior separation, with good linearity ranges of (1.5-25) µg/mL (2.0-25) µg/mL for (PRO) and (HCT). The outputs of quality control laboratories involve multiple solvents and reagents, leading to the production of toxic waste that affects the environment and society. While BBs are safe for human and veterinary use, their impact on ecosystems cannot be ignored, thus this research highlights the importance of eco-friendly and smart spectrophotometric approaches for simultaneous identification of the most important β-blockers combination with minimal waste and energy consumption. Greenness and Whiteness aspects of proposed approaches are assessed via three Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) metrics: Analytical Greenness Metric approach (AGREE), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI Index) and Red-Green-Blue (RGB) model. Verification of each proposed approaches are proved via ICH confines and statistically compared with USP pharmacopeia approach revealing along with never main deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Alhaj Sakur
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Aleppo, Syria.
| | - May Karman
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Aleppo, Syria.
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Makwakwa TA, Moema DE, Msagati TAM. Multi-criteria decision analysis: technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution for selecting greener analytical method in the determination of mifepristone in environmental water samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29460-29471. [PMID: 38578593 PMCID: PMC11058867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This work proposes the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to select a more environmentally friendly analytical procedure. TOPSIS, which stands for Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, is an example of a MCDA method that may be used to rank or select best alternative based on various criteria. Thirteen analytical procedures were used in this study as TOPSIS input choices for mifepristone determination in water samples. The input data, which consisted of these choices, was described using assessment criteria based on 12 principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC). Based on the objective mean weighting (MW), the weights for each criterion were assigned equally. The most preferred analytical method according to the ranking was solid phase extraction with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (SPE-MEKC), while solid phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS) was ranked last. TOPSIS ranking results were also compared to the green metrics NEMI, Eco-Scale, GAPI, AGREE, and AGREEprep that were used to assess the greenness of thirteen analytical methods for mifepristone determination. The results demonstrated that only the AGREE metric tool correlated with TOPSIS; however, there was no correlation with other metric tools. The analysis results suggest that TOPSIS is a very useful tool for ranking or selecting the analytical procedure in terms of its greenness and that it can be easily integrated with other green metrics tools for method greenness assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou A Makwakwa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, 1709, Florida, South Africa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, 1709, Florida, South Africa
| | - Dineo E Moema
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, 1709, Florida, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, 1709, Florida, South Africa.
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Bojko B. Emerging technologies: analytical lab vs. clinical lab perspective. Common goals and gaps to be filled in the pursuit of green and sustainable solutions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2117-2124. [PMID: 38246907 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Analytical chemistry is a broad area of science comprised of many sub-disciplines. Although each sub-discipline has its own dominant trends, one trend is common to all of them: greenness and sustainability. Efforts to develop more ecological and environmentally friendly methods have been ongoing for over a decade with initial attempts largely focusing on limiting the necessary volume of solvents required and eliminating the use of toxic solvents. Over time, the miniaturization of analytical devices gained popularity as a way of not only reducing chemical usage, but also enabling analyses using smaller sample volumes and more "remote" applications (e.g., on-site sampling and analysis). Of course, miniaturization poses numerous challenges for researchers, for instance, in relation to the method's sensitivity and reproducibility. Developments in the design of detection systems have largely helped to mitigate these issues, but they also often restrict the potential for on-site analysis. Therefore, attempts have been made to improve analysis throughout the entire analytical process, from sampling through sample preparation and instrumental analysis to data handling. Furthermore, clinical chemistry labs must adhere to certain regulations and use certified protocols and materials, which precludes the rapid implementation of solutions developed in research labs. What are the obstacles in translating such innovations to practical applications, and what inventions can make a difference in the future? The answers to these two questions define the trends in analytical chemistry in the field of medical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Batakoushy HA, Hafez HM, Soliman MM, Mohamed TF, Ahmed AB, El Hamd MA. Isoquinoline-based intrinsic fluorescence assessment of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, Roxadustat (FG-4592), in tablets: applications to content uniformity and human plasma evaluation. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4741. [PMID: 38605268 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, a first validated and green spectrofluorimetric approach for its assessment and evaluation in different matrices was investigated. After using an excitation wavelength of 345 nm, Roxadustat (ROX) demonstrates a highly native fluorescence at an emission of 410 nm. The influences of experimental factors such as pH, diluting solvents, and different organized media were tested, and the most appropriate solvent choice was ethanol. It was confirmed that there was a linear relationship between the concentration of ROX and the relative fluorescence intensity in the range 60.0-1000.0 ng ml-1, with the limit of detection and limit of quantitation, respectively, being 17.0 and 53.0 ng ml-1. The mean recoveries % [±standard deviation (SD), n = 5] for pharmaceutical preparations were 100.11% ± 2.24%, whereas for plasma samples, they were 100.08 ± 1.08% (±SD, n = 5). The results obtained after the application of four greenness criteria, Analytical Eco-Scale metric, NEMI, GAPI, and AGREE metric, confirmed its eco-friendliness. In addition, the whiteness meter (RGB12) confirmed its level of sustainability. The International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) criteria were used to verify the developed method through the study in both spiked plasma samples and content uniformity evaluation. An appropriate standard for various applications in industry and quality control laboratories was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Batakoushy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Hani M Hafez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tahany F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal B Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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45
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Ražić S, Gadžurić S, Trtić-Petrović T. Ionic liquids in green analytical chemistry-are they that good and green enough? Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2023-2029. [PMID: 37989846 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of ionic liquids (ILs) as greener solvents in analytical sciences, especially in sample pretreatment, has focused attention on exploiting their enormous potential, not only on eliminating and improving the drawbacks faced by scientists. These ionic compounds with unique physicochemical properties can be tuned through smart synthesis, combining cations and anions, so that the compound exhibits excellent properties for its intended purpose. Ionic liquids are rightly referred to as designer solvents. Validation of a newly proposed analytical methods using ionic liquids, either in sample preparation or in further analysis, is a critical process to demonstrate that a particular analytical method is fit for purpose and provides reliable and accurate results. In addition, this article specially addressed the potential toxicity of ionic liquids with the modest goal of assisting researchers in this field by expanding their target areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Ražić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slobodan Gadžurić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Trtić-Petrović
- Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrović Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
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Katamesh NS, Abbas AEF, Mahmoud SA. Four chemometric models enhanced by Latin hypercube sampling design for quantification of anti-COVID drugs: sustainability profiling through multiple greenness, carbon footprint, blueness, and whiteness metrics. BMC Chem 2024; 18:54. [PMID: 38500132 PMCID: PMC10949693 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Montelukast sodium (MLK) and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCZ) are widely prescribed medications with promising therapeutic potential against COVID-19. However, existing analytical methods for their quantification are unsustainable, relying on toxic solvents and expensive instrumentation. Herein, we pioneer a green, cost-effective chemometrics approach for MLK and LCZ analysis using UV spectroscopy and intelligent multivariate calibration. Following a multilevel multifactor experimental design, UV spectral data was acquired for 25 synthetic mixtures and modeled via classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and genetic algorithm-PLS (GA-PLS) techniques. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) strategically constructed an optimal validation set of 13 mixtures for unbiased predictive performance assessment. Following optimization of the models regarding latent variables (LVs) and wavelength region, the optimum root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) was attained at 2 LVs for the 210-400 nm spectral range (191 data points). The GA-PLS model demonstrated superb accuracy, with recovery percentages (R%) from 98 to 102% for both analytes, and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and prediction (RMSEP) of (0.0943, 0.1872) and (0.1926, 0.1779) for MLK and LCZ, respectively, as well bias-corrected mean square error of prediction (BCMSEP) of -0.0029 and 0.0176, relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) reaching 0.7516 and 0.6585, and limits of detection (LOD) reaching 0.0813 and 0.2273 for MLK and LCZ respectively. Practical pharmaceutical sample analysis was successfully confirmed via standard additions. We further conducted pioneering multidimensional sustainability evaluations using state-of-the-art greenness, blueness, and whiteness tools. The method demonstrated favorable environmental metrics across all assessment tools. The obtained Green National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), and Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) quadrants affirmed green analytical principles. Additionally, the method had a high Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) score (0.90) and a low carbon footprint (0.021), indicating environmental friendliness. We also applied blueness and whiteness assessments using the high Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) and Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) algorithms. The high BAGI (90) and RGB 12 (90.8) scores confirmed the method's strong applicability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. This work puts forward an optimal, economically viable green chemistry paradigm for pharmaceutical quality control aligned with sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S Katamesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Emad F Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A Mahmoud
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
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Milan J, Jurowski K. Hazardous elements in plastic and rubber granules as infill material from sports facilities? Field Portable-XRF spectroscopy as 'white analytical technique' reveals hazardous elements in fall sports facilities in Rzeszów (Podkarpackie, Poland). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170280. [PMID: 38272072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Plastic and rubber granules are commonly used as infill material in all-weather sports facilities, providing an ideal activity surface for millions of Europeans on a daily basis. However, concerns have been raised about the presence of hazardous elements in these granules, which can pose risks both to the environment and human health. Our study focusses on the elemental composition of rubber granules used in fall sports facilities in Rzeszów, (Podkarpackie, Poland) using field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP-XRF) as a non-destructive and 'white analytical technique'. The results show the content of Zn, Fe, Cr, Ba, Br, Ti, Cu, Cd, As, Au, Bi, Pb, Ni, Sb, and Sn in the rubber granule samples. This study highlights the need for stringent quality control measures and regulations to ensure the safety of all-weather sports facilities and protect the well-being of sportsman. When modern FP-XRF spectrometry is employed as a "white analytical technique," for the first time it becomes possible to identify the presence of hazardous elements, addressing the pressing concerns highlighted by the ECHA and enabling proactive measures to mitigate potential risks. This approach ensures the protection of the health and sustainability of sports facilities, contributing to the ongoing hot topics in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Milan
- Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyzes, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Kamil Jurowski
- Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyzes, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Regulatory and Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Medical Expertises, Łódź, ul. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205 Łódź, Poland.
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Teng Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Zuo S, Li X, Pan Z, Shao K, Du J, Li Z. Revealing the adulteration of sesame oil products by portable Raman spectrometer and 1D CNN vector regression: A comparative study with chemometrics and colorimetry. Food Chem 2024; 436:137694. [PMID: 37844509 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification and quantification of sesame oil products are crucial due to the existing problems of adulteration with lower-priced oils and false labeling of sesame proportions. In this study, 1D CNN models were established to achieve discrimination of oil types and multiple quantification of adulteration using portable Raman spectrometer. An improved data augmentation method involving discarding transformations that alter peak positions was proposed, and synchronously injecting noise during geometric transformations. Furthermore, a novel neural network structure was introduced incorporating vector regression to accurately predict each component simultaneously. The proposed method has achieved higher accuracy in detecting multi-component adulteration compared with chemometrics (100 % accuracy in classifying different oils; R2 over 0.99 and RMSE within 2 % in predicting unknown adulterated samples). Finally, commercially available sesame oil products were tested and compared with gas chromatography and colorimetric methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed model in achieving higher detection accuracy at low-concentration adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yingxin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangou Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shaohua Zuo
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center of Nanoelectronic Integration and Advanced Equipment, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zaifa Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kang Shao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jinglin Du
- Grain and Oil Products Quality Inspection Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zuguang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Pour PH, Suzaei FM, Daryanavard SM. Greenness assessment of microextraction techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:249-278. [PMID: 38466891 PMCID: PMC11216521 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we evaluated the greenness and whiteness scores for microextraction techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoring. Additionally, the cons and pros of each evaluated method and their impacts on the provided scores are also discussed. Materials & methods: The Analytical Greenness Sample Preparation metric tool and white analytical chemistry principles are used for related published works (2007-2023). Results & conclusion: This study provided valuable insights for developing methods based on microextraction techniques with a balance in greenness and whiteness areas. Some methods based on a specific technique recorded higher scores, making them suitable candidates as green analytical approaches, and some others achieved high scores both in green and white areas with a satisfactory balance between principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Hosseini Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, 79177, Iran
| | - Foad Mashayekhi Suzaei
- Toxicology Laboratories, Monitoring the Human Hygiene Condition and Standard of Qeshm (MHCS Company), Qeshm Island, 79511, Iran
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Bahgat EA, Hashem H, Saleh H, Kamel EB, Eissa MS. Exciting Advances in Sustainable Spectrophotometric Micro-Quantitation of an Innovative Painkiller "Tramadol and Celecoxib" Mixture in the Presence of a Toxic Impurity, Promoting Greenness and Whiteness Studies. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:362-370. [PMID: 38070148 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tramadol (TRM) and celecoxib (CLX) form a novel mixture that helps relieve acute pain when other painkillers have no action. It is also reported that these drugs, TRM and CLX, are used to control COVID-19 symptoms. OBJECTIVE The current work highlights three important pillars of modern pharmaceutical analysis, which are as follows; impurity profiling, greenness/whiteness studies and simplicity accompanied by sensitivity. Since 4-methyl acetophenone inhibits the human carbonyl reductase enzyme (type I) and since this compound may pose a health risk, it is crucial to regulate its concentration in all dosage forms of CLX. METHODS Two simple and green spectrophotometric methods were developed, namely third derivative (D3) and Fourier self- deconvulation (FSD), for resolving severely overlapped spectra of TRM and CLX in the presence of 4-methyl acetophenone (4-MAP) as a process-related impurity in their novel tablet combination. RESULTS The two approaches showed acceptable linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient. In both methods, TRM was measured when CLX and 4-methyl acetophenone were zero-crossing. The same procedure was applied for measuring CLX and its process-related impurity 4-MAP. CONCLUSION The methodologies developed were thoroughly validated in compliance with ICH (International Council on Harmonisation) guidelines. Student t- and F-tests revealed no statistically significant variation among the current methods and the reported method. HIGHLIGHTS No spectrophotometric methods have been published previously for the simultaneous analysis of TRM and CLX along with 4-MAP. As a result, the newly developed spectrophotometric approaches have great relevance and originality in the field of pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bahgat
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hisham Hashem
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Saleh
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebraam B Kamel
- Egyptian Russian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Egyptian Russian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
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