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Wang C, Abdel-Aty M, Cui P, Han L. Effects of helmet usage on moped riders' injury severity in moped-vehicle crashes: Insights from partially temporal constrained random parameters bivariate probit models. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 208:107800. [PMID: 39357178 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Mopeds are small and move unpredictably, making them difficult for other drivers to perceive. This lack of visibility, coupled with the minimal protection that mopeds provide, can lead to serious crashes, particularly when the rider is not wearing a helmet. This paper explores the association between helmet usage and injury severity among moped riders involved in collisions with other vehicles. A series of joint bivariate probit models are employed, with injury severity and helmet usage serving as dependent variables. Data on two-vehicle moped crashes in Florida from 2019 to 2021 are collected and categorized into three periods: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Crash involvement ratios are calculated to examine the safety risk elements of moped riders in various categories, while significant temporal shifts are also explored. The correlated joint random parameters bivariate probit models with heterogeneity in means demonstrate their superiority in capturing interactive unobserved heterogeneity, revealing how various variables significantly affect injury outcomes and helmet usage. Temporal instability related to the COVID-19 pandemic is validated through likelihood ratio tests, out-of-sample predictions, and calculations of marginal effects. Additionally, several parameters are noted to remain temporally stable across multiple periods, prompting the development of a partially temporally constrained modeling approach to provide insights from a long-term perspective. Specifically, it is found that male moped riders are less likely to wear helmets and are negatively associated with injury/fatality rates. Moped riders on two-lane roads are also less likely to wear helmets. Furthermore, moped riders face a lower risk of injury or fatality during daylight conditions, while angle crashes consistently lead to a higher risk of injuries and fatalities across the three periods. These findings provide valuable insights into helmet usage and injury severity among moped riders and offer guidance for developing countermeasures to protect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhu Wang
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aty
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States.
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States; School of System Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States.
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2
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Abbasi S, Ko J. Cycling safely: Examining the factors associated with bicycle accidents in Seoul, South Korea. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 206:107691. [PMID: 38964137 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the factors contributing to bicycle accidents, focusing on four types of bicycle lanes and other exposure and built environment characteristics of census blocks. Using Seoul as a case study, three years of bicycle accident spot data from 2018 to 2020 was collected, resulting in 1,330 bicycle accident spots and a total of 2,072 accidents. The geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model was used as a methodological approach to investigate the spatially varying relationships between the accident frequency and explanatory variables across the space, as opposed to the Poisson regression model. The results indicated that the GWPR model outperforms the global Poisson regression model in capturing unobserved spatial heterogeneity. For example, the value of deviance that determines the goodness of fit for a model was 0.244 for the Poisson regression model and 0.500 for the far better-fitting GWPR model. Further findings revealed that the factors affecting bicycle accidents have varying impacts depending on the location and distribution of accidents. For example, despite the presence of bicycle lanes, some census blocks, particularly in the northeast part of the city, still pose a risk for bicycle accidents. These findings can provide valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers in developing bicycle safety measures and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorath Abbasi
- Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University Lipova 41a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joonho Ko
- Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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3
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Wagelmans AMA, van Wassenhove V. The day-of-the-week effect is resilient to routine change. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01606-8. [PMID: 39014048 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Temporal landmarks are salient events that structure the way humans think about time. They may be personal events, such as one's birthday, or shared cultural events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to societal habits, the cyclical weekly structure - for example, working on weekdays, resting on the weekends - helps individuals orient themselves in time. In the "day-of-the-week effect," individuals are faster at reporting which day of the week it is on weekends than they are on weekdays. Herein, we hypothesized that the disruption of social habits during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns may have weakened this effect, thereby accounting for the "Blursday" phenomenon. In the current study, speeded responses to the question "What day of the week is it?" were collected online from 1,742 French participants, during and after the lockdown periods. We found that reaction times for days of the weekends remained faster than for weekdays during the lockdown, although the overall reaction times were significantly slower during lockdown. We also found that responses were slower as governmental stringency rules and restrictions in mobility increased. Our results suggest that the weekend landmark remains a stable temporal anchor in French culture despite the experienced temporal distortions induced by the disruption of social habits during the pandemic. We conclude that cultural temporal landmarks shape socially shared temporal cognitive maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M A Wagelmans
- CEA/DRF/Joliot, NeuroSpin - INSERM Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, U992, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 145 PC 156, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- CEA/DRF/Joliot, NeuroSpin - INSERM Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, U992, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 145 PC 156, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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4
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Uddin S, Khan A, Lu H, Zhou F, Karim S, Hajati F, Moni MA. Road networks and socio-demographic factors to explore COVID-19 infection during its different waves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1551. [PMID: 38233430 PMCID: PMC10794216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented level of restrictive measures globally. Most countries resorted to lockdowns at some point to buy the much-needed time for flattening the curve and scaling up vaccination and treatment capacity. Although lockdowns, social distancing and business closures generally slowed the case growth, there is a growing concern about these restrictions' social, economic and psychological impact, especially on the disadvantaged and poorer segments of society. While we are all in this together, these segments often take the heavier toll of the pandemic and face harsher restrictions or get blamed for community transmission. This study proposes a road-network-based networked approach to model mobility patterns between localities during lockdown stages. It utilises a panel regression method to analyse the effects of mobility in transmitting COVID-19 in an Australian context, together with a close look at a suburban population's characteristics like their age, income and education. Firstly, we attempt to model how the local road networks between the neighbouring suburbs (i.e., neighbourhood measure) and current infection count affect the case growth and how they differ between delta and omicron variants. We use a geographic information system, population and infection data to measure road connections, mobility and transmission probability across the suburbs. We then looked at three socio-demographic variables: age, education and income and explored how they moderate independent and dependent variables (infection rates and neighbourhood measures). The result shows strong model performance to predict infection rate based on neighbourhood road connection. However, apart from age in the delta variant context, the other variables (income and education level) do not seem to moderate the relationship between infection rate and neighbourhood measure. The results indicate that suburbs with a more socio-economically disadvantaged population do not necessarily contribute to more community transmission. The study findings could be potentially helpful for stakeholders in tailoring any health decision for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahadat Uddin
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Forest Lodge, NSW, 2037, Australia.
| | - Arif Khan
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Forest Lodge, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Haohui Lu
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Forest Lodge, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Fangyu Zhou
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Forest Lodge, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Shakir Karim
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Forest Lodge, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Farshid Hajati
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
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5
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Ma L, Graham DJ, Stettler MEJ. Using Explainable Machine Learning to Interpret the Effects of Policies on Air Pollution: COVID-19 Lockdown in London. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18271-18281. [PMID: 37566731 PMCID: PMC10666281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Activity changes during the COVID-19 lockdown present an opportunity to understand the effects that prospective emission control and air quality management policies might have on reducing air pollution. Using a regression discontinuity design for causal analysis, we show that the first UK national lockdown led to unprecedented decreases in road traffic, by up to 65%, yet incommensurate and heterogeneous responses in air pollution in London. At different locations, changes in air pollution attributable to the lockdown ranged from -50% to 0% for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 0% to +4% for ozone (O3), and -5% to +0% for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10), and there was no response for PM2.5. Using explainable machine learning to interpret the outputs of a predictive model, we show that the degree to which NO2 pollution was reduced in an area was correlated with spatial features (including road freight traffic and proximity to a major airport and the city center), and that existing inequalities in air pollution exposure were exacerbated: pollution reductions were greater in places with more affluent residents and better access to public transport services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc E. J. Stettler
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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6
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Bulteau J, Torres ER, Tillous M. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on gendered mobility patterns in France. TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR & SOCIETY 2023; 33:100615. [PMID: 37360539 PMCID: PMC10274343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has upset the way of life of our society. The objective of this study was to apprehend the consequences of public health policies on mobility through the lens of gender. The analyses are based on a representative sample of 3000 people living in France. Travel behaviour was quantified using three mobility indicators (number of daily trips, daily distance travelled and daily travel time) that we regressed on individual and contextual explanatory variables. Two periods were studied: lockdown (March 17, 2020 until May 11, 2020), and post-lockdown (a curfew period: January-February 2021). For the lockdown period, our results show: (i) a statistically significant gender difference for the three mobility indicators. On average, women made 1.19 daily trips versus 1.46 for men, travelled 12 km whereas versus 17 km for men and spent less time on travel (23 min) than men (30 min); (ii) the degree of mobility was particularly sensitive to access to a car, according to a gender difference. For the post-lockdown period, our results reveal that: (i) women were more likely than men to make a higher number of daily trips (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = [1.04-1.17]); (ii) having only one or no car in the household impacted the mobility of women during the post-lockdown period; (iii) women regained some mobility but without reaching the pre-lockdown level. A better understanding of the factors influencing mobility behaviour, in lockdown and curfew periods, can provide some pathways to improve transport planning and help public authorities while tackling gender inequalites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bulteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CEARC, Guyancourt, France
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7
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Xu N, Nie Q, Liu J, Jones S. Post-pandemic shared mobility and active travel in Alabama: A machine learning analysis of COVID-19 survey data. TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR & SOCIETY 2023; 32:100584. [PMID: 37008746 PMCID: PMC10040369 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented impacts on the way we get around, which has increased the need for physical and social distancing while traveling. Shared mobility, as an emerging travel mode that allows travelers to share vehicles or rides has been confronted with social distancing measures during the pandemic. On the contrary, the interest in active travel (e.g., walking and cycling) has been renewed in the context of pandemic-driven social distancing. Although extensive efforts have been made to show the changes in travel behavior during the pandemic, people's post-pandemic attitudes toward shared mobility and active travel are under-explored. This study examined Alabamians' post-pandemic travel preferences regarding shared mobility and active travel. An online survey was conducted among residents in the State of Alabama to collect Alabamians' perspectives on post-pandemic travel behavior changes, e.g., whether they will avoid ride-hailing services and walk or cycle more after the pandemic. Machine learning algorithms were used to model the survey data (N = 481) to identify the contributing factors of post-pandemic travel preferences. To reduce the bias of any single model, this study explored multiple machine learning methods, including Random Forest, Adaptive Boosting, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Artificial Neural Network. Marginal effects of variables from multiple models were combined to show the quantified relationships between contributing factors and future travel intentions due to the pandemic. Modeling results showed that the interest in shared mobility would decrease among people whose one-way commuting time by driving is 30-45 min. The interest in shared mobility would increase for households with an annual income of $100,000 or more and people who reduced their commuting trips by over 50% during the pandemic. In terms of active travel, people who want to work from home more seemed to be interested in increasing active travel. This study provides an understanding of future travel preferences among Alabamians due to COVID-19. The information can be incorporated into local transportation plans that consider the impacts of the pandemic on future travel intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningzhe Xu
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Qifan Nie
- Alabama Transportation Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
- Alabama Transportation Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
- Transportation Policy Research Center, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
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8
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Wolday F, Böcker L. Exploring changes in residential preference during COVID-19: Implications to contemporary urban planning. ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING. B, URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE 2023; 50:1280-1297. [PMID: 38602900 PMCID: PMC10037118 DOI: 10.1177/23998083231164398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown has reshuffled our daily routines and activity spaces. The home and its immediate environment have attained a critical role in coping with the confinement both as living, working and recreational space. Drawing on a longitudinal survey from greater Oslo, we analyze shifts in residential preferences amidst COVID-19. Given the pandemic induced movement restrictions, we pay special attention to the mediating role of perceived accessibility on the link between several sociodemographic/locational/housing characteristics on preference shifts. Amidst a drop in perceived accessibility, outdoor assets like gardens or balconies, and motility by car and public transport are amongst the residential and locational amenities that have gained most in people's considerations for a new dwelling peri-pandemically. Dwelling satisfaction and preferences with regard to neighborhood density, dwelling size, and work-proximity, have remained largely unchanged despite a clear trend towards more teleworking. Our results can be understood as a nod of approval to contemporary compact urban planning. Nonetheless challenges as to bolstering its resilience still linger and more needs to be done to mitigate the inequalities in (perceived) access to in-home, near-home, and mobility assets that we have also observed to have (re)-immerged in the wake of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitwi Wolday
- Department of Mobility, Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Böcker
- Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway
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Zhou M, Ma H, Wu J, Zhou J. Metro travel and perceived COVID-19 infection risks: A case study of Hong Kong. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 137:104307. [PMID: 37008809 PMCID: PMC10040367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted unprecedented impacts on travel behaviors because of people's increased health precautions and the presence of various COVID-19 containment measures. However, little research has explored whether and how people changed their travel with respect to their perceived local infection risks across space and time. In this article, we relate elasticity and resilience thinking to the changes in metro travel and perceived infection risks at the station or community level over time. Using empirical data from Hong Kong, we measure a metro station's elasticity as the ratio of changes in its average trip length to the COVID-19 cases' footprints around that station. We regard those footprints as a proxy for people's perceived infection risks when making trips to that station. To explore influencing factors on travel in the ups and downs of perceived infection risks, we classify stations based on their elasticity values and examine the association between stations' elasticities and characteristics of stations and their served communities. The findings show that stations varied in elasticity values across space and different surges of the local pandemic. The elasticity of stations can be predicted by socio-demographics and physical attributes of station areas. Stations serving a larger percentage of population with higher education degrees and certain occupations observed more pronounced trip length decrease for the same level of perceived infection risks. The number of parking spaces and retail facilities significantly explained variations in stations' elasticity. The results provide references on crisis management and resilience improvement amid and post COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhou
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanxi Ma
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangping Zhou
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Vallejo-Borda JA, Bhaduri E, Ortiz-Ramirez HA, Arellana J, Choudhury CF, Rodriguez-Valencia A, Wadud Z, Goswami AK. Modeling the COVID-19 Travel Choices in Colombia and India: A Hybrid Multiple Discrete-Continuous Nested Extreme Value Approach. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 2023; 2677:778-801. [PMID: 37153193 PMCID: PMC10140779 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231162588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many daily activities, primarily as a result of the perceived contagion risk and government restrictions to mitigate the spread of the virus. To this end, drastic changes in the trip choices for commuting to work have been reported and studied, mostly through descriptive analysis. On the other hand, modeling-based research that can simultaneously understand both changes in mode choice and its frequency at an individual level has not been much used in existing studies. As such, this study aims to understand the changes in mode-choice preference and the frequency of trips, comparing pre-COVID with during-COVID scenarios, in two different countries of the Global South: Colombia and India. A hybrid multiple discrete-continuous nested extreme value model was implemented using the data obtained from online surveys in Colombia and India during the early COVID-19 period of March and April 2020. This study found that, in both countries, utility related to active modes (more used) and public transportation (less used) changed during the pandemic. In addition, this study highlights potential risks in likely unsustainable futures where there may be increased use of private vehicles such as cars and motorcycles, in both countries. It was also identified that perceptions toward government responses had a significant impact on the choices in Colombia, though this was not the case in India. These results may help decision makers focus on public policies to encourage sustainable transportation by avoiding the detrimental long-term behavioral changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Agustin Vallejo-Borda
- Civil Engineering Department, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
- Civil Engineering Department, Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Department of Transport Engineering and Logistics, BRT+ Centre of Excellence, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eeshan Bhaduri
- Ranbir and Chitra Gupta School of Infrastructure Design and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Julián Arellana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Charisma F. Choudhury
- Institute for Transport Studies & School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Zia Wadud
- Institute for Transport Studies & School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Arkopal K. Goswami
- Ranbir and Chitra Gupta School of Infrastructure Design and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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11
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Oestreich L, Rhoden PS, Vieira JDS, Ruiz-Padillo A. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the profile and preferences of urban mobility in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities. TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR & SOCIETY 2023; 31:312-322. [PMID: 36647375 PMCID: PMC9834169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Daily commuting characteristics were highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, since restriction of the movement of people was one of the main preventive measures adopted. Understanding of the effects that the pandemic had on mobility is essential to help in mitigating the problems arising from this crisis, while also providing an opportunity for the implementation of sustainable policies in the post-pandemic period. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the impacts of the pandemic on the profile of travel behavior and mobility preferences in Brazil, using a case study of cities located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data obtained from an online survey were modeled using exploratory factor analysis, resulting in the extraction of 15 main factors that explain behavioral changes in mobility due to the effects of the pandemic, as well as future perspectives. In the pandemic period, the use of private vehicles grew as the main mode of transport to the principal activity. Conversely, the use of public transport decreased drastically, due to compulsory measures taken by the health authorities to prevent the spread of the new virus. There was also greater receptivity to the adoption of active mobility, especially the bicycle, although it is necessary to provide better conditions for use of this transport mode. The findings support the development of public policies to reduce urban mobility problems and to provide guidelines for sustainable planning in the post-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oestreich
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Paula Sandri Rhoden
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jéssica da Silva Vieira
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Padillo
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
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12
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Managerial decisions to recover from Covid-19 disruption: A multi-objective optimization approach applied to public transport operators. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING 2023; 11:100163. [PMCID: PMC9851913 DOI: 10.1016/j.treng.2023.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The resilience of transport systems, facing natural or man-made disruptions, has been widely discussed in literature in terms of recovery capabilities concerning infrastructures, suggesting solutions to provide users an acceptable level of service along the interrupted network. However, in the context of the Covid-19 outbreak, the disruption has stressed the resilience of transport systems not on the supply side but rather at organizational level for transport service providers. Indeed, the sudden and drastic decrease in users due to the restrictions imposed by governments to limit the pandemic spread has implicated severe economic consequences in the running of transport companies. In this paper, attention has been focused on the public transport sector to analyse the effects of different initiatives, which companies could undertake in response to the demand shock caused by the Covid-19 emergency. Notably, an optimization procedure has been developed with the aim of determining feasible Pareto-front solutions, which correspond to trade-off conditions for the concurrent maximization of the company profit and the minimization of outsourcing services. The time span necessary to implement the examined recovery measures has been considered together with the limitation to appropriate threshold values for the main cost and income items influencing the company operations management. The proposed approach has been applied to the case study of an Italian public transport company to appraise different post-Covid-19 resilience strategies.
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13
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Yang X, Chen P, Zhang Y. How mentally healthy we are during the pandemic? Findings from changed travel behavior. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2023; 29:101587. [PMID: 36909252 PMCID: PMC9986682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Many people changed their travel behavior during the coronavirus pandemic with more telecommuting, fewer trip frequencies, and less use of transit and ride-hailing to avoid infection. The lack of outdoor activities may result in social isolation and then trigger anxiety or depressive symptoms. Research objective This study examines the relationship between anxiety and depression, and correlates various sociodemographic, income, job status, health-related factors, and travel behavior changes in six large U.S. cities. Data U.S. Census Household Pulse Survey Phases 3.0 and 3.1 are employed. Method GAD-2 and PHQ-2 are used to screen the scores of anxiety and depression. The synthetic minority oversampling technique is applied to correct sample distribution. The multivariate mixed model is employed to examine relationships. Results (1) Anxiety and depression are positively correlated, and the percentage of high anxiety is greater than the percentage of high depression. (2) The levels of anxiety and depression significantly vary across the six cities. (3) Women, young, singles, and white people have higher levels of anxiety and depression during the pandemic. (4) People who are willing to receive vaccination tend to have higher levels of anxiety and depression. (5) The prevalence of depressive disorders is significantly lower in the high-income group. (6) People who applied for unemployment insurance and experienced expense difficulties are more likely to suffer high levels of anxiety and depression. (7) Travel behavior changes, measured by increased telecommuting, reduced trip frequency, and reduced use of transit and ride-hailing, all suggest positive correlations with anxiety and depression. Conclusions More assistance and attention should be given to women, singles, and low-income households to reduce the prevalence of mental stress in vulnerable groups. Telecommuting can be but need to work with other travel demand management strategies. Travel and outdoor activities should be promoted under the new normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Yang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Public Affairs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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14
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Hidalgo-Triana N, Picornell A, Reyes S, Circella G, Ribeiro H, Bates AE, Rojo J, Pearman PB, Vivancos JMA, Nautiyal S, Brearley FQ, Pereña J, Ferragud M, Monroy-Colín A, Maya-Manzano JM, Ouachinou JMAS, Salvo-Tierra AE, Antunes C, Trigo-Pérez M, Navarro T, Jaramillo P, Oteros J, Charalampopoulos A, Kalantzi OI, Freitas H, Ščevková J, Zanolla M, Marrano A, Comino O, Roldán JJ, Alcántara AF, Damialis A. Perceptions of change in the environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for environmental policy. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW 2023; 99:107013. [PMID: 36532697 PMCID: PMC9744709 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2022.107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown measures have impacted the environment with both positive and negative effects. However, how human populations have perceived such changes in the natural environment and how they may have changed their daily habits have not been yet thoroughly evaluated. The objectives of this work were to investigate (1) the social perception of the environmental changes produced by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the derived change in habits in relation to i) waste management, energy saving, and sustainable consumption, ii) mobility, iii) social inequalities, iv) generation of noise, v) utilization of natural spaces, and, vi) human population perception towards the future, and (2) the associations of these potential new habits with various socio-demographic variables. First, a SWOT analysis identified strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) generated by the pandemic lockdown measures. Second, a survey based on the aspects of the SWOT was administered among 2370 adults from 37 countries during the period from February to September 2021. We found that the short-term positive impacts on the natural environment were generally well recognized. In contrast, longer-term negative effects arise, but they were often not reported by the survey participants, such as greater production of plastic waste derived from health safety measures, and the increase in e-commerce use, which can displace small storefront businesses. We were able to capture a mismatch between perceptions and the reported data related to visits to natural areas, and generation of waste. We found that age and country of residence were major contributors in shaping the survey participants ´answers, which highlights the importance of government management strategies to address current and future environmental problems. Enhanced positive perceptions of the environment and ecosystems, combined with the understanding that livelihood sustainability, needs to be prioritized and would reinforce environmental protection policies to create greener cities. Moreover, new sustainable jobs in combination with more sustainable human habits represent an opportunity to reinforce environmental policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hidalgo-Triana
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - A Picornell
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - S Reyes
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Department of Geography (Geographic Analysis Research Group), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - G Circella
- Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, USA
- Department of Geography, Ghent University. 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Ribeiro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - J Rojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P B Pearman
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J M Artes Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - S Nautiyal
- Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), Nagarabhavi, Bengaluru 560 072, India
| | - F Q Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - J Pereña
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Ferragud
- University of Valencia, Faculty of Sciences, Spain
| | - A Monroy-Colín
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Vegetal Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (Botany Area), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - J M Maya-Manzano
- University of Valencia, Faculty of Sciences, Spain
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Vegetal Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (Botany Area), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - J M A Sènami Ouachinou
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - A E Salvo-Tierra
- Technical Director Chair Climate Change on UMA, University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - C Antunes
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
| | - M Trigo-Pérez
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - T Navarro
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - P Jaramillo
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, 200102, Ecuador
| | - J Oteros
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System IISTA, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Charalampopoulos
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - O I Kalantzi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene 81100, Greece
| | - H Freitas
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Ščevková
- Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Révová 39, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Zanolla
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - A Marrano
- Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - O Comino
- Estudios de Flora y Vegetación SL (EFYVE), 29580 Cártama, Málaga, Spain
| | - J J Roldán
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - A F Alcántara
- Centro de Cooperación del Mediterráneo de UICN, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Damialis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Yu S, Li B, Liu D. Exploring the Public Health of Travel Behaviors in High-Speed Railway Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Trip Chain: A Case Study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1416. [PMID: 36674172 PMCID: PMC9859316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak and spreading of COVID-19 since early 2020 have dramatically impacted public health and the travel environment. However, most of the studies are devoted to travel behavior from the macro perspective. Meanwhile, few researchers pay attention to intercity travel behavior. Thus, this study explores the changes in the travel behavior of intercity high-speed railway travelers during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of the individual. Using the smartphone data, this study first extracts the trip chains by proposing a novel method including three steps. The trip chain can describe the whole process of traveling, including individual characteristics, travel time, travel distance, travel mode, etc. Then, a Multinomial Logit model is applied to analyze the trip chains which verified the validity by using studentized residual error. The study finds that intercity travel behavior has changed in gender, age, travel mode choice, and travel purpose by comparing the trip chains between May 2019 and May 2021 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. The method proposed in this study can be used to assess the impact of any long-term emergency on individual travel behavior. The findings proposed in this study are expected to guide public health management and travel environment improvement under the situation of normalized COVID-19 prevention and safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yu
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
- National Intelligent Transport Systems Center of Engineering and Technology, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Bin Li
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
- Research and Development Center of Transport Industry of Big Data Processing Technologies, Beijing 100088, China
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16
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Victoriano-Habit R, El-Geneidy A. Studying the Interrelationship between Telecommuting during COVID-19, residential local accessibility, and active travel: a panel study in Montréal, Canada. TRANSPORTATION 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36628259 PMCID: PMC9816534 DOI: 10.1007/s11116-022-10369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial increase in the number of people working from home (telecommuting), in turn leading to unprecedented changes in mobility patterns worldwide. Due to the changing context of the pandemic, there is still a significant gap in knowledge regarding the effects of working from home on workers' travel patterns. The main goal of this work is to unravel the interrelationship between telecommuting during the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of active travel for non-work utilitarian purposes, and local accessibility levels around workers' homes. This study uses a longitudinal approach by analyzing travel and telecommuting behavior data from a two-wave survey administered in Montreal in 2019, pre-pandemic, and 2021, during COVID-19 (n = 452). Through a set of weighted multi-level linear regressions, we study the effects of telecommuting on the frequency of active travel for non-work utilitarian purposes, mediated by local accessibility around the household. Results show that the effect of telecommuting on non-work active travel for utilitarian purposes is highly dependent on local accessibility levels around the person's household. For workers living in high local accessibility areas, an increase in telecommuting during the pandemic has induced an increase in active trips for non-work utilitarian purposes. On the other hand, for workers residing in low local accessibility neighborhoods, the effect is the opposite. This research provides insights into the effects of telecommuting on non-work active travel, an area that is currently of interest to policy-makers and practitioners working towards increasing the level of physical activity among individuals through travel.
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17
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Bwambale A, Uzondu C, Islam M, Rahman F, Batool Z, Isolo Mukwaya P, Wadud Z. Willingness to pay for COVID-19 mitigation measures in public transport and paratransit in low-income countries. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART A, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2023; 167:103561. [PMID: 36530755 PMCID: PMC9742211 DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to combat the spread of COVID-19, various measures were taken in most countries to make public transit and paratransit safer. These additional measures, which include restrictions on number of passengers, provision of hand sanitisers and face coverings, and more frequent cleaning, add to the costs of operations or reduce profitability. The resulting financial pressure on the transport operators raises an important question on who pays for these additional measures. In most countries, this has been covered by one-time government bailouts to operators or strategies to increase fare, the latter of which directly affects the users. However, even without these interventions, there could be a demand and as such willingness to pay (WTP) for some of these intervention measures from the consumers concerned about safety. Knowing such WTP will not only help operators set their fare, but also help the governments decide the appropriate bailout needed. This paper addresses the issue by estimating the user's willingness to pay for selected COVID-19 mitigation measures in public transport and paratransit (motorcycle taxis) using survey data collected from two cities in low-income countries as case studies - Kampala, Uganda and Dhaka, Bangladesh. For public transport, these measures are - (1) social distancing (passenger loading at half capacity), and (2) mandatory hand sanitisation and increased cleaning of surfaces, while for paratransit, they are - (1) provision of a transparent shield between the rider and the passenger, and (2) provision of cleaned helmets at the start of each trip. The study analyses stated preference data using the utility maximisation framework and finds that the implementation or provision of COVID-19 mitigation measures improves the attractiveness of the associated public transport or paratransit alternatives, and transport users make trade-offs between safety and cost when making travel decisions. We find positive willingness to pay for all four mitigation measures, suggesting potential existence of a market for these measures. We also find that the typical mode choice factors such as costs, travel time and convenience became less important during the pandemic and the safety measures became more important considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bwambale
- College of Engineering Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chinebuli Uzondu
- Transport Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, PMB 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Mohaimanul Islam
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Rahman
- Department of Civil Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Zahara Batool
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Isolo Mukwaya
- Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zia Wadud
- Institute for Transport Studies and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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18
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Teixeira JF, Cunha I. The effects of COVID-19 on female and male bike sharing users: Insights from Lisbon's GIRA. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 132:104058. [PMID: 36312519 PMCID: PMC9595306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Women are among the groups most affected by the pandemic as they are more likely to be dependent on public transport (PT), which was heavily restricted during COVID-19. Thus, there is a need to consider transport alternatives such as bike sharing that can ensure their mobility needs. By conducting a survey to the bike sharing system (BSS) of Lisbon, we explored differences in travel behaviour and attitudes between female and male users before and during COVID-19. We found men to have higher bike ownership rates, a higher modal share of personal bicycle regarding commuting, and more likely to use their own bikes if BSS was unavailable. Conversely, women more frequently combined BSS with PT and were more likely to use PT if BSS was unavailable. Moreover, while men were using BSS more frequently than women pre-pandemic, during COVID-19 women are using BSS as frequently as men. Our research provides evidence on the potential role of BSS as a transport alternative during pandemics, inducing women to take up cycling who otherwise would not cycle, therefore, potentially decreasing the current cycling gender gap. Findings suggest that introducing family/friend discounts and promoting BSS for exercising may increase the share of female cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Filipe Teixeira
- Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment (CITTA), Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cunha
- Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment (CITTA), Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Christidis P, Navajas Cawood E, Fiorello D. Challenges for urban transport policy after the Covid-19 pandemic: Main findings from a survey in 20 European cities. TRANSPORT POLICY 2022; 129:105-116. [PMID: 36278241 PMCID: PMC9576464 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the changes in transport and mobility patterns that were triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as citizens' potential new expectations arising from this situation regarding public transport policy and urban planning. We conducted an extensive survey in 20 cities across 11 European countries during the second quarter of 2021, with a total of 10000 respondents. The information that we collected covered the change in the frequency of technology-based alternatives to travel -such as teleworking and online shopping-compared to the pre-pandemic period. It also included the change in trip frequency, purpose, mode and destination. Using the survey dataset as input, we applied a classification model that explains the change in mode choice based on the respondent characteristics and preferences. Our findings suggest that the changes in mobility patterns induced by the pandemic are the result of the combination of the degree of mobility restrictions imposed in each city, the adoption of new lifestyle and work patterns, and individual choices that depend on personal risk aversion. We identify three main challenges for urban transport policy: the increasing use of car that can reinforce long-term car dependency, the avoidance of public transport that may lead to financial and operational instability, and the uncertainty as regards the future of innovation in urban transport, especially as regards emerging technologies and business models.
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20
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Sharifi A. An overview and thematic analysis of research on cities and the COVID-19 pandemic: Toward just, resilient, and sustainable urban planning and design. iScience 2022; 25:105297. [PMID: 36246575 PMCID: PMC9540689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since early 2020, researchers have made efforts to study various issues related to cities and the pandemic. Despite the wealth of research on this topic, there are only a few review articles that explore multiple issues related to it. This is partly because of the rapid pace of publications that makes systematic literature review challenging. To address this issue, in the present study, we rely on bibliometric analysis techniques to gain an overview of the knowledge structure and map key themes and trends of research on cities and the pandemic. Results of the analysis of 2,799 articles show that research mainly focuses on six broad themes: air quality, meteorological factors, built environment factors, transportation, socio-economic disparities, and smart cities, with the first three being dominant. Based on the findings, we discuss major lessons that can be learned from the pandemic and highlight key areas that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoob Sharifi
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS)
- Center for Peaceful and Sustainable Futures (CEPEAS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University
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21
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Javadinasr M, Maggasy T, Mohammadi M, Mohammadain K, Rahimi E, Salon D, Conway MW, Pendyala R, Derrible S. The Long-Term effects of COVID-19 on travel behavior in the United States: A panel study on work from home, mode choice, online shopping, and air travel. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART F, TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 2022; 90:466-484. [PMID: 36186416 PMCID: PMC9515339 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge facing transportation planners is to identify the type and the extent of changes in people's activity-travel behavior in the post-Covid-19 pandemic world. In this study, we investigate the travel behavior evolution by analyzing a longitudinal two-wave panel survey data conducted in the United States from April 2020 to May 2021. Encompassing nearly 3,000 respondents across different states, we explored the effects of the pandemic on four major categories of work from home, travel mode choice, online shopping, and air travel. We utilized descriptive and econometric measures, including random effects ordered probit models, to shed light on the pandemic-induced changes and the underlying factors affecting the future of mobility in the post-pandemic world. Upon concrete evidence, our findings substantiate significant observed (i.e., during the pandemic) and expected (i.e., after the pandemic) changes in people's habits and preferences. According to our results, 48% of the respondents anticipate having the option to WFH after the pandemic, which indicates an approximately 30% increase compared to the pre-pandemic period. In the post-pandemic period, auto and transit commuters are expected to be 9% and 31% less than pre-pandemic, respectively. A considerable rise in hybrid work and grocery online shopping is expected. Moreover, 41% of pre-covid business travelers expect to have fewer flights (after the pandemic) while only 8% anticipate more, compared to the pre-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadjavad Javadinasr
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tassio Maggasy
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Motahare Mohammadi
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kouros Mohammadain
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ehsan Rahimi
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Salon
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew W Conway
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ram Pendyala
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sybil Derrible
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Calderón Peralvo F, Cazorla Vanegas P, Avila-Ordóñez E. A systematic review of COVID-19 transport policies and mitigation strategies around the globe. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 2022; 15:100653. [PMID: 35873107 PMCID: PMC9289094 DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2022.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a Scopus-based systematic literature review of a wide variety of transportation policies and mitigation strategies that have been conducted around the world to minimize COVID-19 contagion risk in transportation systems. The review offers a representative coverage of countries across all continents of the planet, as well as among representative climate regions - as weather is an important factor to consider. The readership interested in policies and mitigation strategies is expected to involve a wide range of actors, each involving a particular application context; hence, the literature is also characterized by key attributes such as: transportation mode; actor (users, operators, government, industry); jurisdiction (national, provincial, city, neighborhood); and area of application (planning, regulation, operations, research, incentives). An in-depth analysis of the surveyed literature is then reported, focusing first on condensing the literature into 151 distinct policies and strategies, which are subsequently categorized into 25 broad categories that are discussed at length. The compendium and discussion of strategies and policies reported not only provide comprehensive guidelines to inform various courses of action for decision-makers, planners, and social communicators, but also emphasize on future work and the potential of some of these strategies to be the precursors of meaningful, more sustainable behavioral changes in future mobility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Calderón Peralvo
- Research Group "Models, Analysis and Simulation (MAS) Applied to Transport Systems", Computer Science Department, University of Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Cazorla Vanegas
- Research Group "Models, Analysis and Simulation (MAS) Applied to Transport Systems", Computer Science Department, University of Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Elina Avila-Ordóñez
- Research Group "Models, Analysis and Simulation (MAS) Applied to Transport Systems", Computer Science Department, University of Cuenca, Ecuador
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23
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Downey L, Fonzone A, Fountas G, Semple T. The impact of COVID-19 on future public transport use in Scotland. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART A, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 163:338-352. [PMID: 35784830 PMCID: PMC9236918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the determinants of changes in future public transport use in Scotland after the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was distributed to 994 Scottish residents in order to identify travel habits, attitudes and preferences during the different phases of the COVID-19 outbreak and travel intentions after the pandemic. Quota constraints were enforced for age, gender and household income to ensure the sample was representative of the Scottish population. The respondents indicated that they anticipated they would make less use of buses and trains at the end of the pandemic. Over a third expect to use buses (36%) and trains (34%) less, whilst a quarter expect to drive their cars more. As part of the analysis, a random parameter bivariate probit model with heterogeneity in the means of random parameters was estimated to provide insights into the socio-demographic, behavioural and perceptual factors which might affect future public transport usage. The inclusion of random parameters allows for the potential effects of unobserved heterogeneity within the independent variables to be captured, whilst making allowances for heterogeneity in the means of the random parameters. The model estimation showed that several factors, including pre-lockdown travel choices, perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, household size and region significantly affected intended future use of public transport. In addition, several variables related to age, region, pre-lockdown travel choices and employment status resulted in random parameters. The current paper contributes to our understanding of the potential loss of demand for public transport and the consequences for future equitable and sustainable mobility. Our findings are highly relevant for transport policy when developing measures to strengthen the resilience of the public transport system during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Downey
- Transport Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Achille Fonzone
- Transport Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Grigorios Fountas
- Department of Transportation and Hydraulic Engineering, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Torran Semple
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Prager F, Rhoads M, Martínez JN. The COVID-19 economic shutdown and the future of flexible workplace practices in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County. TRANSPORT POLICY 2022; 125:241-255. [PMID: 35720050 PMCID: PMC9192284 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown has increased the use of flexible workplace practices (FWP) especially work from home, demonstrating their importance to the resilience of transportation systems and regional economies. This study compares experiences and perceptions of FWP and related policy interventions before and during the COVID-19 shutdown, using a mixed-methods approach focusing on the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, to inform projections about the use of FWP and policy implications post-COVID. Pre-shutdown surveys and focus groups interviews confirmed that major obstacles to FWP expansion were a combination of managerial and executive resistance, alongside occupational constraints. Pre-shutdown interviews suggested that costs associated with manager training and cultural transition are major concerns for executives. A small sample of follow-up interviews with executives, managers, and staff, conducted during the shutdown period has revealed some of the practical issues with full-time FWP such as work-life balance, childcare, productivity, IT hardware and software, and network connectivity. Although organizations have been forced into flexible arrangements, many are considering continuing to utilize the practices after the pandemic settles down. In terms of policy interventions, pre-COVID participants perceived government subsidies and incentives as the most desirable government programs. However, in a resource-constrained post-COVID world, policy makers might instead focus on training programs and promotional campaigns tied to public health messaging, and the implications of reduced commuting for transportation system design and commercial zoning and land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fynnwin Prager
- CSU Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, 90747, California, United States
| | - Mohja Rhoads
- National Assembly of State Arts Agencies, United States
| | - Jose N Martínez
- CSU Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, 90747, California, United States
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25
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Longsheng C, Shah SAA. Smarter and Greener Cities After COVID-19: An Integrated Decision-Making Framework to Prioritize Investment Alternatives. ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS 2022; 6:2200166. [PMID: 35942083 PMCID: PMC9350289 DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Locking down cities to curb the transmission of coronavirus brought the global economy to a grinding halt. Cities are like engines of growth; when they stop, so does the growth. Therefore, it becomes paramount to build cities that continue to function and do not collapse amidst any crisis. Since economic recovery is underway, this paper examines priority areas for investment to expedite recovery and build back stronger cities. These areas are evaluated based on their contribution to revitalizing public health, economic, social, energy, and environmental sectors. For the analysis, analytical network process (ANP) and fuzzy-VIKOR are applied. ANP obtains the relative importance of sectors and their respective critical factors after solving a complex relationship among them. The economic sector has the highest weight of 25.8% among the five sectors, while job creation has the highest weight of 10.3% among the fifteen factors. Fuzzy-VIKOR is used to evaluate different areas and it is found that renewable energy has a greater contribution to the sustainable recovery of major sectors and the long-term aim of building inclusive green and resilient cities. These insights shall contribute to the conversations already ongoing among city governments, urban planners, civil society organizations, and city dwellers seeking practical solutions to unprecedented challenges posed by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Longsheng
- School of Economics and ManagementNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Syed Ahsan Ali Shah
- School of Economics and ManagementNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
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26
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Jo Y, Sung H. Impact of pre-pandemic travel mobility patterns on the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 in South Korea. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2022; 26:101479. [PMID: 35875053 PMCID: PMC9289010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2022.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Physical mobility is critical for the spread of infectious diseases in humans. However, few studies have conducted empirical investigations on the impact of pre-pandemic travel mobility patterns on the diffusion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study examines its impact at the city-county level on the diffusion by the wave period during the two-year pandemic in South Korea. Methods This study first employs factor analysis by using the travel origin-destination data by travel mode at the county level as of 2019 to derive pre-pandemic travel mobility patterns. Next, the study identifies how they had affected the diffusion of COVID-19 over time by employing the negative binomial regression models on confirmed COVID-19 cases for each wave, including the entire pandemic period. Results The study derived five pre-pandemic mobility patterns: 1) rail-oriented mobility, 2) intra-county bus-oriented mobility, 3) road-oriented mobility, 4) high-speed rail-oriented mobility, and 5) inter-county bus-oriented mobility. Among them, the biggest risk to the diffusion of COVID-19 was the rail-oriented mobility before the pandemic if controlling such measures as accessibility, physical environment, and demographic and socioeconomic indicators. In addition, the order of the magnitudes for the impact of pre-pandemic travel mobility factors on its spatial diffusion had not changed during experiencing the three different wave periods during the two-year pandemic in South Korea. Conclusions The study concludes that the rail-oriented travel mobility pattern before the pandemic could pose the greatest threat factor to the spatial spread of COVID-19 at any scale and time. Policymakers should develop strategies to prevent the spatial spread of COVID-19 by reducing human mobility for daily living in areas with strong rail mobility patterns formed before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jo
- Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyungun Sung
- Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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27
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Dadashzadeh N, Larimian T, Levifve U, Marsetič R. Travel Behaviour of Vulnerable Social Groups: Pre, during, and Post COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10065. [PMID: 36011698 PMCID: PMC9407727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of COVID-19, travel restrictions due to the pandemic have influenced several activities, in particular the mobility patterns of individuals. Our main goal is to draw the attention of scholars and policy makers to a specific segment of the population, namely (1) older people, (2) persons with disabilities (PwDs), (3) females, and (4) low-income population that are more vulnerable for travel behaviour change due to crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This article systematically reviews the studies that have explored the implications of COVID-19 for the mobility and activities of individuals pre-, during, and post-pandemic using the PRISMA method. It is found that there are a few studies regarding the travel and mobility needs and challenges of older people and PwDs, and there is no direct study concerning female and low-income individuals while such crisis exist. Questions such as "What are the adverse impacts of restrictions on their travel behaviour?", "How can they travel safely to work, shopping, and medical centres?", "Which transportation modes can be more effective for them?", and "What are the government and policy makers' role in providing accessible and affordable mobility services in the presence of such crisis?" are without relevant answers in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Dadashzadeh
- Intelligent Transport Cluster, Faculty of Technology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3HF, UK
| | - Taimaz Larimian
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Ulysse Levifve
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Technical University of Compiègne, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Rok Marsetič
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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28
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Bozkaya E, Eriskin L, Karatas M. Data analytics during pandemics: a transportation and location planning perspective. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2022; 328:1-52. [PMID: 35935742 PMCID: PMC9342597 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-04884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic once again showed the value of harnessing reliable and timely data in fighting the disease. Obtained from multiple sources via different collection streams, an immense amount of data is processed to understand and predict the future state of the disease. Apart from predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics, it is used to foresee the changes in human mobility patterns and travel behaviors and understand the mobility and spread speed relationship. During this period, data-driven analytic approaches and Operations Research tools are widely used by scholars to prescribe emerging transportation and location planning problems to guide policy-makers in making effective decisions. In this study, we provide a review of studies which tackle transportation and location problems during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on data analytics. We discuss the major data collecting streams utilized during the pandemic era, highlight the importance of rapid and reliable data sharing, and give an overview of the challenges and limitations on the use of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozkaya
- Department of Computer Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Levent Eriskin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mumtaz Karatas
- Department of Industrial Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
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29
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Ceccato R, Baldassa A, Rossi R, Gastaldi M. Potential long-term effects of Covid-19 on telecommuting and environment: An Italian case-study. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART D, TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT 2022; 109:103401. [PMID: 35958732 PMCID: PMC9355418 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To contain the sudden spread of SARS-CoV-2, many governments encouraged people to work from home, generating an unprecedented diffusion of this activity. Furthermore, Covid-19 has induced drastic changes in everyday life and travel habits, which might persist in the future. This paper aims to understand and estimate the potential long-term impacts of telework on the environment due to the pandemic, by analyzing factors affecting the frequency of telecommuting, the mode choice for traveling to work, and pollutant emissions generated by these trips. Data from a mobility survey administered in Padova (Italy) was used. Results indicate that Covid-19 could cause a rebound effect reversing the positive impacts of working from home, since, even if the number of trips could be reduced, many shifts towards non-sustainable travel modes could occur. The promotion of telework should be combined with measures fostering sustainable travel habits to pave the way towards a future green mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ceccato
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Baldassa
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rossi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gastaldi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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30
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Padmakumar A, Patil GR. COVID-19 effects on urban driving, walking, and transit usage trends: Evidence from Indian metropolitan cities. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 126:103697. [PMID: 35431390 PMCID: PMC8995256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted all walks of life, including the transportation sector. Fear of the contagion coupled with government regulations to restrict mobility altered the travel behavior of the public. This study proposes integrating freely accessible aggregate mobility datasets published by tech giants Apple and Google, which opens a broader avenue for mobility research in the light of difficult data collection circumstances. A comparative analysis of the changes in usage of different mobility modes during the national lockdown and unlock policy periods across 6 Indian cities (Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, and Pune) explain the spatio-temporal differences in mode usages. The study shows a preference for individual travel modes (walking and driving) over public transit. Comparisons with pre-pandemic mode shares present evidence of inertia in the choice of travel modes. Association investigations through generalized linear mixed-effects models identify income, vehicle registrations, and employment rates at the city level to significantly impact the community mobility trends. The methods and interpretations from this study benefit government, planners, and researchers to boost informed policymaking and implementation during a future emergency demanding mobility regulations in the high-density urban conglomerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athul Padmakumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Gopal R Patil
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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31
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MacLeod KE, Cole BL, Musselwhite C. Commuting to work post-pandemic: Opportunities for health? JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2022; 25:101381. [PMID: 35540370 PMCID: PMC9074865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2022.101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian L Cole
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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32
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König A, Hatzakis T, Andrushevich A(A, Hoogerwerf EJ, Vasconcelos E, Launo C, Alčiauskaitė L, Barbosa S, Andersen K. A reflection on participatory research methodologies in the light of the COVID-19 - lessons learnt from the European Research Project TRIPS. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:153. [PMID: 37645198 PMCID: PMC10446030 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14315.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has had considerable impacts on research projects, particularly those adopting participatory approaches. This paper reflects on the methodological adaptations employed by the European research project TRIPS to facilitate co-design and open innovation practices towards the development of accessible mobility solutions. The article reports how the methods were adapted to facilitate participatory research with almost no physical meetings. In doing so, the paper presents the alternative 'distanced-based' participatory approaches employed to engage users with disabilities and institutional stakeholders in the transport ecosystem, like online workshops, social media content analysis, online surveys and peer-to-peer telephone interviews. Lessons learnt and practical guidelines for distance-based participatory research are presented and discussed with the aim of increasing resilience in the light of future changes.
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Changes in People’s Mobility Behavior in Greece after the COVID-19 Outbreak. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The lockdown and social distancing policies to reduce COVID-19 spread and perceived safety threats of COVID-19 significantly affected people’s travel behavior. Greece has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, and people’s mobility behavior has been greatly affected. This study aims at: (1) exploring the variations in individuals’ trip frequencies by mode and purpose before and after the COVID-19 outbreak; (2) understanding the effects of individual differences (i.e., sociodemographic details) and perceptions towards COVID-19 (i.e., the perceived threats of COVID-19) on people’s mobility behavior changes after the outbreak; (3) underlining the individuals’ perceptions of the COVID-19 threat on the willingness of public transportation usage. Overall, 403 responses were collected in late 2020. A series of random parameter Probit modeling results reveal multiple individual and perception factors affecting the changes in mobility behavior in Greece. The results from structural equation modeling indicate that perceived COVID-19 threats affect the attitudes and subjective norms towards people’s intentions to use public transportation. The results from this study provide valuable insights for transportation authorities to develop effective strategies to manage traffic during the spread of disease for a possible future epidemic.
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Alonso-Almeida MDM. To Use or Not Use Car Sharing Mobility in the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic? Identifying Sharing Mobility Behaviour in Times of Crisis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3127. [PMID: 35270818 PMCID: PMC8910014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Car sharing services have expanded in order to meet the new necessities of mobility worldwide in an innovative way. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, car sharing was a very popular mode of transportation among young adults in big cities. However, during this ongoing pandemic and with public transportation considered a super-spreading transmitter, the usage of car sharing is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study, which is explorative in nature, is to investigate the usage, advantages, drivers, and barriers to car sharing during this ongoing pandemic era. To this end, 66 interviews were conducted among users of car sharing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provide key information for the planning of car sharing operations and public transportation in the context of avoiding COVID-19 infection and respecting the recommendations of local governments. In addition, new emerging profiles of car sharing users in the ongoing pandemic are identified. This research provides relevant insights for both business practice and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Alonso-Almeida
- Department of Business Organization, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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35
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Sun X, Wandelt S, Zhang A. STARTUPS: Founding airlines during COVID-19 - A hopeless endeavor or an ample opportunity for a better aviation system? TRANSPORT POLICY 2022; 118:10-19. [PMID: 35125681 PMCID: PMC8799318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The devastating impact of COVID-19 on aviation is unprecedented and undoubted in the recent sci-entific literature, with many studies having dissected different facets of COVID-19-induced changes to the industry. A few studies have stepped further and highlighted that the COVID-19 pandemic could have positive long-term impacts on aviation. Given that traditional air carriers are known to be reluctant for performing high-risk experiments outside their business-as-usual, parts of hope for a better aviation future rests on novel players entering the industry. The pandemic - against common perception and odds - might have created a rare opportunity for airline startups to enter the market. In this study, we first dissect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation and how it possibly created a breeding ground for new airlines. We propose a framework of eight facets, STARTUPS, covering flight Suspensions, Talents, Aircraft, Recovery, Travel demand, Uniquity, Policy making, and Strategy. Moreover, we analyze the business model and markets of 46 airline startups, established or becoming active during the pandemic. Our study is concluded with a dis-cussion on the risk factors for airline startups during the COVID-19 pandemic and induced policy challenges. Our analysis, we believe, is complementary to existing studies on COVID-19, leveraging a novel perspective on the pandemic and the aviation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Sun
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, 310023, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Wandelt
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, 310023, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anming Zhang
- Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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36
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Cheranchery MF, Krishnan MG, Asif Navas KR, Mohamed Shahid PA, Suresh R. Investigating the impact of COVID-19 on user perception for deriving policies and intervention areas for urban bus service in India. CASE STUDIES ON TRANSPORT POLICY 2021; 9:1965-1973. [PMID: 34804795 PMCID: PMC8590740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The paper aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of travelers and identify new policies and intervention areas for improving urban bus service. This was carried out based on the perception data collected from travelers in the years 2018 (before pandemic) and 2020(in post lockdown scenario). Data was collected from the state of Kerala, India, and Importance-Satisfaction Analysis (ISA) with fuzzy c-means clustering was carried out to identify improvement areas for both scenarios. Results show a substantial increase in the number of priority areas as compared to the pre-pandemic scenario. Bus service attributes such as cleanliness, crowding level, and pedestrian environment emerged as new intervention areas of bus service during the pandemic. This is a clear reflection of the increased awareness of travelers about the prevailing pandemic scenario and the need for improvement in attributes related to social distancing and hygiene. The higher priority to information related attributes of bus service clearly shows the need for improvement in such attributes for the safe planning of trips during the pandemic. The work also estimated desired service levels of quantitative attributes to enhance the satisfaction levels of users. An evaluation of five bus routes in Kochi based on the desired levels shows the underperformance of attributes such as headway, punctuality, and crowding level. While the findings are city-specific, the methodology and experience may be adopted to enhance the service quality of buses and other public transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenu G Krishnan
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam 691005, India
| | - K R Asif Navas
- Department of Mathematics, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam 691005, India
| | - P A Mohamed Shahid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam 691005, India
| | - Revathy Suresh
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam 691005, India
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37
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Motamed-Jahromi M, Meshkani Z, Mosavi-Negad SM, Momenabadi V, Ahmadzadeh MS. Factors Affecting Panic Buying during COVID-19 Outbreak and Strategies: A Scoping Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:2473-2485. [PMID: 36317022 PMCID: PMC9577151 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess factors affecting panic buying and strategies to deal with them during COVID-19 with a scoping review. Method The review was performed based on Arksey and O'Malley. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases were selected to search. All English language full-text articles from Jan 2020 to May 2021 were included. Initially, the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were read and screening was accomplished based on the research question. After that, the full text of eligible studies was examined. A third reviewer was resolved disagreements at any stage by a consensus meeting. A self-assessment form was designed for data extraction. The causes of panic buying were assessed as a descriptive study. Results The search process returned 23 articles after deletion for complete data extraction and analysis. Through thematic analysis, the factors influencing panic buying were divided into six categories including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, and economic factors as well as government action, and finally, the recommended strategies were categorized in two categories included psychosocial and economic. Conclusion A holistic view of panic buying's causes allows planners and decision-makers to design categorized strategies beyond the suggested strategies. Increasing customer awareness and monitoring the flow of information through social media and mass media, psychotherapy, counseling, and economic strategies are considered by planners to combat panic buying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkani
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Science, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masood Mosavi-Negad
- Department of Health Service Management, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Victoria Momenabadi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadat Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Management and Medical Information, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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38
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Optimized Energy Management Schemes for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Bibliometric Analysis towards Future Trends. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over growing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel prices have prompted researchers to look into alternative energy sources, notably in the transportation sector, accounting for more than 70% of carbon emissions. An increasing amount of research on electric vehicles (EVs) and their energy management schemes (EMSs) has been undertaken extensively in recent years to address these concerns. This article aims to offer a bibliometric analysis and investigation of optimized EMSs for EV applications. Hundreds (100) of the most relevant and highly influential manuscripts on EMSs for EV applications are explored and examined utilizing the Scopus database under predetermined parameters to identify the most impacting articles in this specific field of research. This bibliometric analysis provides a survey on EMSs related to EV applications focusing on the different battery storages, models, algorithms, frameworks, optimizations, converters, controllers, and power transmission systems. According to the findings, more articles were published in 2020, with a total of 22, as compared to other years. The authors with the highest number of manuscripts come from four nations, including China, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, and five research institutions, with these nations and institutions accounting for the publication of 72 papers. According to the comprehensive review, the current technologies are more or less capable of performing effectively; nevertheless, dependability and intelligent systems are still lacking. Therefore, this study highlights the existing difficulties and challenges related to EMSs for EV applications and some brief ideas, discussions, and potential suggestions for future research. This bibliometric research could be helpful to EV engineers and to automobile industries in terms of the development of cost-effective, longer-lasting, hydrogen-compatible electrical interfaces and well-performing EMSs for sustainable EV operations.
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A Review of Research on Tourism Industry, Economic Crisis and Mitigation Process of the Loss: Analysis on Pre, During and Post Pandemic Situation. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Throughout time, the global tourism industry and economy have been significantly affected by disasters and crises. At present, COVID-19 represents one of these disasters as it has been causing a serious economic downturn with huge implications in tourism. In this review paper, we have analysed more than 100 papers regarding the effect and consequences of a pandemic on tourism and related industries, the economic situation in countries and areas, and mitigation of the loss incurred due to pandemic situations. The article (1) is based on past research on tourism and economy, (2) examines the effects of a pandemic on listed sectors and mitigation processes, and (3) suggests future research and approaches to help progress the field. We have gathered and categorised the literature reviews into several parts. In addition, we have listed the name of authors, journal names, books, websites, and relevant data.
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