1
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Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Gyorffy G, Meli A, New HV, Cardigan R, Bruce LJ. Vesiculation in irradiated and cation-leaky-stored red blood cells. Transfusion 2024; 64:150-161. [PMID: 37952228 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by red blood cells (RBCs) throughout their life-span and also during hypothermic storage when they accumulate in the blood bag. We queried whether stored RBCs with increased cation permeability, either from donors with familial pseudohyperkalaemia (FP) or caused by irradiation, vesiculate more readily. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Recent technical advances have revealed at least two sub-populations of MVs in RBC storage units: macrovesicles (2-6 μm) and microvesicles (1-2 μm). Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, imaging flow cytometry, and protein quantification methods, we measured and characterized vesicles released by RBCs from control and FP individuals at three different storage time-points (day 4, day 17, and day 29). The RBCs had either been stored untreated or irradiated on either day 1 or day 14 of storage. RESULTS We found no difference in the number or size of vesicles released between cation-leaky FP RBCs and non-FP controls. Similarly, irradiated and non-irradiated RBCs showed very similar patterns of vesicle release to during cold-storage. The only significant difference in vesicle release was the increase in accumulated vesicles with length of storage time which has been reported previously. DISCUSSION EVs in stored blood are potential contributors to adverse transfusion reactions. The number of vesicles released during 35-day hypothermic storage varies between donors and increases with storage duration. However, increased cation permeability and irradiation do not appear to affect vesicle formation during RBC cold-storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gyongyver Gyorffy
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Athinoula Meli
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen V New
- Transfusion Directorate, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Cardigan
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Krumm B, Saugy JJ, Botrè F, Donati F, Faiss R. Indirect biomarkers of blood doping: A systematic review. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:49-64. [PMID: 37160638 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The detection of blood doping represents a current major issue in sports and an ongoing challenge for antidoping research. Initially focusing on direct detection methods to identify a banned substance or its metabolites, the antidoping effort has been progressively complemented by indirect approaches. The longitudinal and individual monitoring of specific biomarkers aims to identify nonphysiological variations that may be related to doping practices. From this perspective, the identification of markers sensitive to erythropoiesis alteration is key in the screening of blood doping. The current Athlete Biological Passport implemented since 2009 is composed of 14 variables (including two primary markers, i.e., hemoglobin concentration and OFF score) for the hematological module to be used for indirect detection of blood doping. Nevertheless, research has continually proposed and investigated new markers sensitive to an alteration of the erythropoietic cascade and specific to blood doping. If multiple early markers have been identified (at the transcriptomic level) or developed directly in a diagnostics' kit (at a proteomic level), other target variables at the end of the erythropoietic process (linked with the red blood cell functions) may strengthen the hematological module in the future. Therefore, this review aims to provide a global systematic overview of the biomarkers considered to date in the indirect investigation of blood doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Krumm
- REDs, Research & Expertise in AntiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas J Saugy
- REDs, Research & Expertise in AntiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Botrè
- REDs, Research & Expertise in AntiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael Faiss
- REDs, Research & Expertise in AntiDoping Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Ma SR, Xia HF, Gong P, Yu ZL. Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Overview of Current Research Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2798. [PMID: 37893171 PMCID: PMC10604118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBC EVs) are small, spherical fragments released from red blood cells. These vesicles, similar to EVs derived from other cell types, are crucial for intercellular communication processes and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBC EVs has garnered increasing attention in recent years, revealing their valuable role in the field of medicine. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current research status of RBC EVs. We summarize existing studies and highlight the progress made in understanding the characteristics and functions of RBC EVs, with a particular focus on their biological roles in different diseases. We also discuss their potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in diseases and as vectors for drug delivery. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for further research to achieve selective purification of RBC EVs and unravel their heterogeneity, which will allow for a deeper understanding of their diverse functions and exploration of their potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.-R.M.); (H.-F.X.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hou-Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.-R.M.); (H.-F.X.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.-R.M.); (H.-F.X.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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4
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Meng Y, Zhang Y, Bühler M, Wang S, Asghari M, Stürchler A, Mateescu B, Weiss T, Stavrakis S, deMello AJ. Direct isolation of small extracellular vesicles from human blood using viscoelastic microfluidics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5296. [PMID: 37801500 PMCID: PMC10558121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; <200 nm) that contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins are considered promising biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases. Conventional methods for sEV isolation from blood are incompatible with routine clinical workflows, significantly hampering the utilization of blood-derived sEVs in clinical settings. Here, we present a simple, viscoelastic-based microfluidic platform for label-free isolation of sEVs from human blood. The separation performance of the device is assessed by isolating fluorescent sEVs from whole blood, demonstrating purities and recovery rates of over 97 and 87%, respectively. Significantly, our viscoelastic-based microfluidic method also provides for a remarkable increase in sEV yield compared to gold-standard ultracentrifugation, with proteomic profiles of blood-derived sEVs purified by both methods showing similar protein compositions. To demonstrate the clinical utility of the approach, we isolate sEVs from blood samples of 20 patients with cancer and 20 healthy donors, demonstrating that elevated sEV concentrations can be observed in blood derived from patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Meng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Bühler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shuchen Wang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Asghari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Stürchler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Ghodsi M, Cloos AS, Mozaheb N, Van Der Smissen P, Henriet P, Pierreux CE, Cellier N, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Najdovski T, Tyteca D. Variability of extracellular vesicle release during storage of red blood cell concentrates is associated with differential membrane alterations, including loss of cholesterol-enriched domains. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1205493. [PMID: 37408586 PMCID: PMC10318158 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1205493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of red blood cell concentrates is the most common medical procedure to treat anaemia. However, their storage is associated with development of storage lesions, including the release of extracellular vesicles. These vesicles affect in vivo viability and functionality of transfused red blood cells and appear responsible for adverse post-transfusional complications. However, the biogenesis and release mechanisms are not fully understood. We here addressed this issue by comparing the kinetics and extents of extracellular vesicle release as well as red blood cell metabolic, oxidative and membrane alterations upon storage in 38 concentrates. We showed that extracellular vesicle abundance increased exponentially during storage. The 38 concentrates contained on average 7 × 1012 extracellular vesicles at 6 weeks (w) but displayed a ∼40-fold variability. These concentrates were subsequently classified into 3 cohorts based on their vesiculation rate. The variability in extracellular vesicle release was not associated with a differential red blood cell ATP content or with increased oxidative stress (in the form of reactive oxygen species, methaemoglobin and band3 integrity) but rather with red blood cell membrane modifications, i.e., cytoskeleton membrane occupancy, lateral heterogeneity in lipid domains and transversal asymmetry. Indeed, no changes were noticed in the low vesiculation group until 6w while the medium and the high vesiculation groups exhibited a decrease in spectrin membrane occupancy between 3 and 6w and an increase of sphingomyelin-enriched domain abundance from 5w and of phosphatidylserine surface exposure from 8w. Moreover, each vesiculation group showed a decrease of cholesterol-enriched domains associated with a cholesterol content increase in extracellular vesicles but at different storage time points. This observation suggested that cholesterol-enriched domains could represent a starting point for vesiculation. Altogether, our data reveal for the first time that the differential extent of extracellular vesicle release in red blood cell concentrates did not simply result from preparation method, storage conditions or technical issues but was linked to membrane alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Ghodsi
- Cell Biology Unit and Platform for Imaging Cells and Tissues, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Cloos
- Cell Biology Unit and Platform for Imaging Cells and Tissues, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Negar Mozaheb
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- Cell Biology Unit and Platform for Imaging Cells and Tissues, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit and Platform for Imaging Cells and Tissues, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe E. Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit and Platform for Imaging Cells and Tissues, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Tomé Najdovski
- Service du Sang, Croix-Rouge de Belgique, Suarlée, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- Cell Biology Unit and Platform for Imaging Cells and Tissues, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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William N, Bicahlo B, Hansen A, de Korte D, Acker JP. The timing of gamma irradiation and its effect on c
ell‐free
and m
icrovesicle‐bound
hemoglobin. The
BEST
collaborative study. Transfusion 2022; 62:751-757. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishaka William
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Beatriz Bicahlo
- Innovation and Portfolio Management Canadian Blood Services Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Adele Hansen
- Innovation and Portfolio Management Canadian Blood Services Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department Product and Process Development Sanquin Blood Bank Amsterdam Netherlands
- Department Blood Cell Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Jason P. Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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7
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Ozonation of Whole Blood Results in an Increased Release of Microparticles from Blood Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020164. [PMID: 35204669 PMCID: PMC8961535 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autohemotherapy with ozonated blood is used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of clinical disorders. Ozone demonstrates strong oxidizing properties and causes damage to cell membranes. The impact of whole-blood ozonation on the release of microparticles from blood and endothelial cells and the concentration of selected markers in the hemostatic system (APTT, PT, D-dimer, fibrinogen) were investigated. Venous blood, obtained from 19 healthy men, was split into four equal parts and treated with air, 15 µg/mL ozone, or 30 µg/mL ozone, or left untreated. The number and types of microparticles released were determined using flow cytometry on the basis of surface antigen expression: erythrocyte-derived microparticles (CD235+), platelet-derived microparticles (CD42+), leukocyte-derived microparticles (CD45+), and endothelial-derived microparticles (CD144+). The study is the first to demonstrate that ozone induces a statistically significant increase in the number of microparticles derived from blood and endothelial cells. Although statistically significant, the changes in some coagulation factors were somewhat mild and did not exceed normal values.
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8
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Bebesi T, Kitka D, Gaál A, Szigyártó IC, Deák R, Beke-Somfai T, Koprivanacz K, Juhász T, Bóta A, Varga Z, Mihály J. Storage conditions determine the characteristics of red blood cell derived extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:977. [PMID: 35046483 PMCID: PMC8770621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released during the storage of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates and might play adverse or beneficial roles throughout the utilization of blood products (transfusion). Knowledge of EV release associated factors and mechanism amends blood product management. In the present work the impact of storage time and medium (blood preserving additive vs isotonic phosphate buffer) on the composition, size, and concentration of EVs was studied using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) and freeze-fraction combined transmission electron micrography (FF-TEM). The spectroscopic protein-to-lipid ratio based on amide and the C-H stretching band intensity ratio indicated the formation of various vesicle subpopulations depending on storage conditions. After short storage, nanoparticles with high relative protein content were detected. Spectral analysis also suggested differences in lipid and protein composition, too. The fingerprint region (from 1300 to 1000 cm-1) of the IR spectra furnishes additional information about the biomolecular composition of RBC-derived EVs (REVs) such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactose, glucose, and oxidized hemoglobin. The difference between the vesicle subpopulations reveals the complexity of the REV formation mechanism. IR spectroscopy, as a quick, cost-effective, and label-free technique provides valuable novel biochemical insight and might be used complementary to traditional omics approaches on EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Bebesi
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Kitka
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gaál
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Csilla Szigyártó
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Deák
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Koprivanacz
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- grid.425578.90000 0004 0512 3755Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judith Mihály
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Su WL, Chan CY, Cheng CF, Shui HA, Ku HC. Erythrocyte degradation, metabolism, secretion, and communication with immune cells in the blood during sepsis: A review. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:125-133. [PMID: 35465286 PMCID: PMC9020243 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_58_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It was assumed that erythrocytes were affected by sepsis. However, in recent years, a number of studies have shown that erythrocytes affect sepsis as well. When a pathogen invades the human body, it infects the blood and organs, causing infection and sepsis-related symptoms. Pathogens change the internal environment, increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species, influencing erythrocyte morphology, and causing erythrocyte death, i.e., eryptosis. Characteristics of eryptosis include cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). Eryptotic erythrocytes increase immune cell proliferation, and through PS, attract macrophages that remove the infected erythrocytes. Erythrocyte-degraded hemoglobin derivatives and heme deteriorate infection; however, they could also be metabolized to a series of derivatives. The result that erythrocytes play an anti-infection role during sepsis provides new perspectives for treatment. This review focuses on erythrocytes during pathogenic infection and sepsis.
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10
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Ma X, Liu Y, Han Q, Han Y, Wang J, Zhang H. Transfusion‑related immunomodulation in patients with cancer: Focus on the impact of extracellular vesicles from stored red blood cells (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:108. [PMID: 34841441 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions may have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients with cancer, where transfusion‑related immunomodulation (TRIM) may be a significant contributing factor. A number of components have been indicated to be associated with TRIM. Among these, the impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been garnering increasing attention from researchers. EVs are defined as nano‑scale, cell‑derived vesicles that carry a variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, to mediate cell‑to‑cell communication and exert immunoregulatory functions. RBCs in storage constitutively secrete EVs, which serve an important role in TRIM in patients with cancer receiving a blood transfusion. Therefore, the present review aimed to first summarize the available information on the biogenesis and characterization of EVs. Subsequently, the possible mechanisms of TRIM in patients with cancer and the impact of EVs on TRIM were discussed, aiming to provide an outlook for future studies, specifically for formulating recommendations for managing patients with cancer receiving RBC transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ma
- Class 2018 Medical Inspection Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- Class 2018 Medical Inspection Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qianlan Han
- Class 2018 Medical Inspection Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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11
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Robert M, Laperrousaz B, Piedrahita D, Gautier EF, Nemkov T, Dupuy F, Nader E, Salnot V, Mayeux P, D'Alessandro A, Lavazec C, Joly P, Scheer A, Connes P, Cibiel A. Multiparametric characterization of red blood cell physiology after hypotonic dialysis based drug encapsulation process. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:2089-2102. [PMID: 35847505 PMCID: PMC9279626 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) can act as carriers for therapeutic agents and can substantially improve the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. Maintaining RBCs integrity and lifespan is important for the efficacy of RBCs as drug carrier. We investigated the impact of drug encapsulation by hypotonic dialysis on RBCs physiology and integrity. Several parameters were compared between processed RBCs loaded with l-asparaginase (“eryaspase”), processed RBCs without drug and non-processed RBCs. Processed RBCs were less hydrated and displayed a reduction of intracellular content. We observed a change in the metabolomic but not in the proteomic profile of processed RBCs. Encapsulation process caused moderate morphological changes and was accompanied by an increase of RBCs-derived Extracellular Vesicles release. Despite a decrease in deformability, processed RBCs were not mechanically retained in a spleen-mimicking device and had increased surface-to-volume ratio and osmotic resistance. Processed RBCs half-life was not significantly affected in a mouse model and our previous phase 1 clinical study showed that encapsulation of asparaginase in RBCs prolonged its in vivo half-life compared to free forms. Our study demonstrated that encapsulation by hypotonic dialysis may affect certain characteristics of RBCs but does not significantly affect the in vivo longevity of RBCs or their drug carrier function.
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12
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Wu JY, Li YJ, Hu XB, Huang S, Xiang DX. Preservation of small extracellular vesicles for functional analysis and therapeutic applications: a comparative evaluation of storage conditions. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:162-170. [PMID: 33427518 PMCID: PMC7808382 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1869866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles involved in multiple biological functions. Small EVs (sEVs) are emerging as therapeutics and drug delivery systems for their contents, natural carrier properties, and nanoscale size. Despite various clinical application potentials, little is known about the effects of storage conditions on sEVs for functional analysis and therapeutic use. In this study, we evaluated the stability of sEVs stored at 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C up to 28 days and compared them to fresh sEVs. Also, the effect of freeze-thawing circles on the quantity of sEVs was assessed. We found that different storage temperatures, along with shelf life, impact the stability of sEVs when compared to freshly isolated sEVs. Storage changes the size distribution, decreases quantity and contents, and impacts cellular uptake and biodistribution of sEVs. For functional studies, isolated sEVs are suggested to be analyzed freshly or stored at 4 °C or −20 °C for short-term preservation depending on study design; but −80 °C condition would be more preferable for long-term preservation of sEVs for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong-Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Platelet, Red Cell, and Endothelial Activation and Injury During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. ASAIO J 2021; 67:935-942. [PMID: 33606391 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be lifesaving but suffers from high rates of bleeding and repeated transfusions. Current monitoring of blood cell damage during ECMO is limited to platelet counts, hematocrit, and plasma hemoglobin levels. Extracelluar vesicles (EV) are small cell fragments released when cells are activated/injured. The objective was to evaluate flow cytometric measurements of EV during ECMO as an indication of platelet, red cell, and endothelial activation/injury. Samples were collected from 55 patients (1 day to 19 years) during 58 ECMO runs. ECMO activated or injured blood cells, but the extent was highly variable and patient dependent. On average platelet activation was increased sevenfold during ECMO with up to 60-fold increased activation during the first 24 hours in some patients. EV associated with platelet and red-cell injury were increased eightfold on average but up to 200-fold in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe hemolysis, or massive transfusion. Approximately 9% of ECMO patients showed a red-cell and endothelial activation pattern that was associated with poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles with autofluorescence similar to bilirubin appeared to come from monocytes processing hemoglobin. ECMO is associated with a highly variable, sustained increase in platelet, red-cell, and endothelial activation and injury that is a combination of circuit and transfusion related events, the patients underlying condition and possibly genetic influences on blood cell activation and injury. Extracellular vesicle measurements may improve our understanding of cellular activation and injury during ECMO as we work to improve the biocompatibility of these systems.
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14
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Hermida-Nogueira L, García Á. Extracellular vesicles in the transfusion medicine field: The potential of proteomics. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000089. [PMID: 33754471 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In transfusion centres, blood components are divided and stored following specific guidelines. The storage temperature and time vary among the blood cells but all of them release extracellular vesicles (EVs) under blood bank conditions. The clinical impact of such vesicles in blood components for transfusion is an object of debate, but should be considered and is being investigated. In this context, proteomics is an excellent tool to study the cargo and composition of EVs derived from red blood cells and platelets, since such vesicles are enriched in lipids and proteins. The development of quantitative mass spectrometry techniques and the evolution of bioinformatics have allowed the identification of novel EVs biomarkers for different diseases. In this context, the application of high coverage proteomic tools to the analysis of EVs in the transfusion medicine field would provide information about storage lesions and possible transfusion adverse reactions. This viewpoint article approaches the potential of proteomics to investigate the impact of EVs in blood bank transfusion components, especially red blood cells and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Hermida-Nogueira
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Avenick D, Kidd L, Istvan S, Dong F, Richter K, Edwards N, Hisada Y, Posma JJN, Massih CA, Mackman N. Effects of storage and leukocyte reduction on the concentration and procoagulant activity of extracellular vesicles in canine packed red cells. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:221-230. [PMID: 33751799 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the size and procoagulant activity of extracellular vesicles (EV) that accumulate in canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) over time and the effect of leukocyte reduction on these characteristics. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Private small animal specialty referral hospital and university research laboratories. ANIMALS Ten healthy blood donor dogs. INTERVENTIONS Five pRBCs units were obtained according to standard protocols, and 5 were leukocyte-reduced prior to processing. Platelet-free supernatant from the pRBC units was collected on days 0, 10, 20, 32, and 42. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to determine the size and concentration of EVs. Thrombin generation associated with phosphatidylserine-positive EVs was determined using a capture assay. Factor Xa generation associated with phosphatidylserine-positive EVs and tissue factor-positive EVs was measured in a subset of EVs isolated by centrifugation of the supernatant at 20,000 × g. R package nparLD and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used to determine the effect of duration of storage and the effect of leukocyte reduction, respectively. Small (mean < 125 nm) procoagulant EVs accumulated over time, with significant increases occurring on or after day 20 in both non-leukocyte reduced and leukocyte-reduced units. The procoagulant activity of the EVs was due to phosphatidylserine, not tissue factor. Increases in EV concentration and procoagulant activity occurred earlier in non-leukocyte reduced units. Extracellular vesicle accumulation and procoagulant activity were not decreased at any individual time point by leukocyte reduction. CONCLUSIONS Further studies characterizing and determining the clinical relevance of small procoagulant EVs in pRBCs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Kidd
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | | | - Fanglong Dong
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Keith Richter
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, California
| | | | - Yohei Hisada
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jens J N Posma
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cherein Abdel Massih
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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16
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Investigation of Changes in Exosomes Profile During Storage Period of Erythrocyte Suspensions. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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17
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Mykhailova O, Olafson C, Turner TR, DʼAlessandro A, Acker JP. Donor-dependent aging of young and old red blood cell subpopulations: Metabolic and functional heterogeneity. Transfusion 2020; 60:2633-2646. [PMID: 32812244 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) are influenced by donor variability. This study assessed quality and metabolomic variables of RBC subpopulations of varied biologic age in red blood cell concentrates (RCCs) from male and female donors to evaluate their contribution to the storage lesion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Red blood cell concentrates from healthy male (n = 6) and female (n = 4) donors were Percoll separated into less dense ("young", Y-RCCs) and dense ("old", O-RCCs) subpopulations, which were assessed weekly for 28 days for changes in hemolysis, mean cell volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin autofluorescence (HGB), morphology index (MI), oxygen affinity (p50), rigidity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium ([Ca2+ ]), and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. RESULTS Young RCCs having disc-to-discoid morphology showed higher MCV and MI, but lower MCHC, HGB, and rigidity than O-RCCs, having discoid-to-spheroid shape. By Day 14, Y-RCCs retained lower hemolysis and rigidity and higher p50 compared to O-RCCs. Donor sex analyses indicated that females had higher MCV, HGB, ROS, and [Ca2+ ] and lower hemolysis than male RBCs, in addition to having a decreased rate of change in hemolysis by Day 28. Metabolic profiling indicated a significant sex-related signature across all groups with increased markers of high membrane lipid remodeling and antioxidant capacity in Y-RCCs, whereas O-RCCs had increased markers of oxidative stress and decreased coping capability. CONCLUSION The structural, functional, and metabolic dissimilarities of Y-RCCs and O-RCCs from female and male donors demonstrate RCC heterogeneity, where RBCs from females contribute less to the storage lesion and age slower than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mykhailova
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carly Olafson
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tracey R Turner
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angelo DʼAlessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason P Acker
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Pascucci L, Scattini G. Imaging extracelluar vesicles by transmission electron microscopy: Coping with technical hurdles and morphological interpretation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129648. [PMID: 32485221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanometric particles governing the complex interactions among cells through their bioactive cargo. Interest in EVs is rapidly increasing due to their extensive involvement in physiological and pathological conditions, their potential employment as diagnostic and therapeutic tools and their prospective use as bio-carriers of exogenous molecules. Given their nanometric size, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides significant contributions to assess EV presence and purity in a sample and to study morphological features. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, TEM methods for EV imaging are compared with respect to their applications, benefits and drawbacks. A critical evaluation of the actual contribution of TEM to the study of EVs is also provided and the most common artifacts encountered in the literature are discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS TEM techniques are powerful tools for the investigation of EVs and have the potential to reveal sample purity, ultrastructure and molecular composition. However, technical challenges, procedural errors in sample processing or misinterpretations may result in a variety of different morphologies and artifacts. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The last decades have seen exponential technological progress in EV imaging by TEM. Nevertheless, protocols have not been standardized yet and sample preparation remains a critical step. An optimized, standardized and integrated protocol of different techniques could minimize artifacts and interpretative errors that could significantly improve the quality and reliability of downstream studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 4, Perugia, Italy.
| | - G Scattini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 4, Perugia, Italy
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19
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Kaczmarska M, Grosicki M, Bulat K, Mardyla M, Szczesny-Malysiak E, Blat A, Dybas J, Sacha T, Marzec KM. Temporal sequence of the human RBCs' vesiculation observed in nano-scale with application of AFM and complementary techniques. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102221. [PMID: 32438105 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on the multimodal characterization of human red blood cells (RBCs), the link between the storage-related sequence of the nanoscale changes in RBC membranes in the relation to their biochemical profile as well as mechanical and functional properties was presented. On the background of the accumulation of RBCs waste products, programmed cell death and impaired rheological properties, progressive alterations in the RBC membranes including changes in their height and diameter as well as the in situ characterization of RBC-derived microparticles (RMPs) on the RBCs surface were presented. The advantage of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in RMPs visualization, even at the very early stage of vesiculation, was shown based on the results revealed by other reference techniques. The nanoscale characterization of RMPs was correlated with a decrease in cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the RBC membranes, proving the link between the lipids leakage from RBCs and the process of vesiculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kaczmarska
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mardyla
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczesny-Malysiak
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Blat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sacha
- Chair and Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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20
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Wirtz MR, Almizraq RJ, Weber NC, Norris PJ, Pandey S, Spinella PC, Muszynski JA, P Acker J, Juffermans NP. Red-blood-cell manufacturing methods and storage solutions differentially induce pulmonary cell activation. Vox Sang 2020; 115:395-404. [PMID: 32166810 PMCID: PMC7497002 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Red‐blood‐cell (RBC) transfusion is associated with lung injury, which is further exacerbated by mechanical ventilation. Manufacturing methods of blood products differ globally and may play a role in the induction of pulmonary cell activation through alteration of the immunomodulatory property of the products. Here, the effect of different manufacturing methods on pulmonary cell activation was investigated in an in vitro model of mechanical ventilation. Materials and Methods Pulmonary type II cells were incubated with supernatant from fresh and old RBC products obtained via whole blood filtration (WBF), red cell filtration (RCF), apheresis‐derived (AD) or whole blood‐derived (WBD) methods. Lung cells were subjected to 25% stretch for 24 h. Controls were non‐stretched or non‐incubated cells. Results Fresh but not old AD products and WBF products induce lung cell production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which was not observed with WBD or RCF products. Effects were associated with an increased amount of platelet‐derived vesicles and an increased thrombin‐generating capacity. Mechanical stretching of lung cells induced more severe cell injury compared to un‐stretched controls, including alterations in the cytoskeleton, which was further augmented by incubation with AD products. In all read‐out parameters, RCF products seemed to induce less injury compared to the other products. Conclusions Our findings show that manufacturing methods of RBC products impact pulmonary cell activation, which may be mediated by the generation of vesicles in the product. We suggest RBC manufacturing method may be an important factor in understanding the association between RBC transfusion and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs R Wirtz
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruqayyah J Almizraq
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nina C Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suchitra Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Blood Centers of the Pacific (member of Blood Systems), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Muszynski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason P Acker
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Noubouossie DF, Henderson MW, Mooberry M, Ilich A, Ellsworth P, Piegore M, Skinner SC, Pawlinski R, Welsby I, Renné T, Hoffman M, Monroe DM, Key NS. Red blood cell microvesicles activate the contact system, leading to factor IX activation via 2 independent pathways. Blood 2020; 135:755-765. [PMID: 31971571 PMCID: PMC7059516 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage lesion-induced, red cell-derived microvesicles (RBC-MVs) propagate coagulation by supporting the assembly of the prothrombinase complex. It has also been reported that RBC-MVs initiate coagulation via the intrinsic pathway. To elucidate the mechanism(s) of RBC-MV-induced coagulation activation, the ability of storage lesion-induced RBC-MVs to activate each zymogen of the intrinsic pathway was assessed in a buffer system. Simultaneously, the thrombin generation (TG) assay was used to assess their ability to initiate coagulation in plasma. RBC-MVs directly activated factor XII (FXII) or prekallikrein, but not FXI or FIX. RBC-MVs initiated TG in normal pooled plasma and in FXII- or FXI-deficient plasma, but not in FIX-deficient plasma, suggesting an alternate pathway that bypasses both FXII and FXI. Interestingly, RBC-MVs generated FIXa in a prekallikrein-dependent manner. Similarly, purified kallikrein activated FIX in buffer and initiated TG in normal pooled plasma, as well as FXII- or FXI-deficient plasma, but not FIX-deficient plasma. Dual inhibition of FXIIa by corn trypsin inhibitor and kallikrein by soybean trypsin inhibitor was necessary for abolishing RBC-MV-induced TG in normal pooled plasma, whereas kallikrein inhibition alone was sufficient to abolish TG in FXII- or FXI-deficient plasma. Heating RBC-MVs at 60°C for 15 minutes or pretreatment with trypsin abolished TG, suggesting the presence of MV-associated proteins that are essential for contact activation. In summary, RBC-MVs activate both FXII and prekallikrein, leading to FIX activation by 2 independent pathways: the classic FXIIa-FXI-FIX pathway and direct kallikrein activation of FIX. These data suggest novel mechanisms by which RBC transfusion mediates inflammatory and/or thrombotic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W Henderson
- UNC Blood Research Center, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Anton Ilich
- Department of Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, and
| | - Patrick Ellsworth
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark Piegore
- Department of Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, and
| | - Sarah C Skinner
- Department of Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Ian Welsby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Maureane Hoffman
- Department of Pathology, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Nigel S Key
- Department of Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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22
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Blood manufacturing methods affect red blood cell product characteristics and immunomodulatory activity. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2296-2306. [PMID: 30217795 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of red cell concentrates (RCCs) is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes that may be affected by different blood manufacturing methods and the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We investigated the effect of different manufacturing methods on hemolysis, residual cells, cell-derived EVs, and immunomodulatory effects on monocyte activity. Thirty-two RCC units produced using whole blood filtration (WBF), red cell filtration (RCF), apheresis-derived (AD), and whole blood-derived (WBD) methods were examined (n = 8 per method). Residual platelet and white blood cells (WBCs) and the concentration, cell of origin, and characterization of EVs in RCC supernatants were assessed in fresh and stored supernatants. Immunomodulatory activity of RCC supernatants was assessed by quantifying monocyte cytokine production capacity in an in vitro transfusion model. RCF units yielded the lowest number of platelet and WBC-derived EVs, whereas the highest number of platelet EVs was in AD (day 5) and in WBD (day 42). The number of small EVs (<200 nm) was greater than large EVs (≥200 nm) in all tested supernatants, and the highest level of small EVs were in AD units. Immunomodulatory activity was mixed, with evidence of both inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Monocytes produced more inflammatory interleukin-8 after exposure to fresh WBF or expired WBD supernatants. Exposure to supernatants from AD and WBD RCC suppressed monocyte lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production. Manufacturing methods significantly affect RCC unit EV characteristics and are associated with an immunomodulatory effect of RCC supernatants, which may affect the quality and safety of RCCs.
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23
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Seghatchian J. Reflections on current status of blood transfusion transplant viral safety in UK/Europe and on novel strategies for enhancing donors/recipients healthcare in promising era of advanced cell therapy/regenerative medicine. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58:532-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Stachurska A, Dorman M, Korsak J, Gaweł D, Grzanka M, Trybus W, Fabijanska-Mitek J. Selected CD molecules and the phagocytosis of microvesicles released from erythrocytes ex vivo. Vox Sang 2019; 114:576-587. [PMID: 31281973 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The accumulation of microvesicles in erythrocyte concentrates during storage or irradiation may be responsible for clinical symptoms such as inflammation, coagulation and immunization. Our aim was to determine whether any of the cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules responsible for important functions are present on microvesicles, and if their expression level is dependent on the storage period of erythrocyte concentrates. MATERIAL AND METHODS Erythrocyte microvesicles were isolated from 'fresh' (2nd day) and 'old' (42nd day) stored erythrocyte concentrates. Qualitative cytometric analysis of 0·5 µm, erythrocyte-derived, PS-exposing vesicles was performed using the annexin V-FITC, anti-CD235a-PE antibody and calibrated beads. The microvesicles were also visualized under a confocal microscope. The expression of the molecules CD235a, CD44, CD47, CD55, CD59 and of phosphatidylserine (PS) was compared using flow cytometry. Measurements of microvesicle phagocytosis by human monocytes were carried out using a flow cytometer and a confocal microscope. RESULTS The analysis of the microvesicles with calibration beads allowed us to identify these structures with a diameter of about 0·5 µm in the 'fresh' and 'old' samples. At day 2, the microvesicles had elevated expression levels of CD47, reduced expression levels of PS, CD55 and CD59. The phagocytosis index was higher for the microvesicles isolated from the 42-day-old erythrocyte concentrates. CONCLUSION This research may bring us closer to understanding the factors responsible for erythrocyte ageing and to evaluate the quality of stored red blood concentrates intended for transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dorman
- Department of Clinical Transfusiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Korsak
- Department of Clinical Transfusiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grzanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Trybus
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Ayers L, Pink R, Carter DRF, Nieuwland R. Clinical requirements for extracellular vesicle assays. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1593755. [PMID: 30949310 PMCID: PMC6442087 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1593755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific and clinical interest in extracellular vesicles (EV) has grown exponentially during the past 15 years. As most research indicates that EVs can be utilised in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics, we may be on the brink of establishing the clinical utility of EV measurement, but how can we make this a reality? If we are to introduce EVs as biomarkers into clinical laboratories, it will be necessary to offer fully validated, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 15189 assays. ISO 15189 defines the quality management system requirements particular to medical laboratories and is used internationally to determine accreditation. In order for a clinical laboratory to offer an accredited test for EVs, this assay must have been subjected to a thorough assay validation process. This process requires the generation of data related to defined performance characteristics, to ensure that an assay is performing in accordance with the needs of its clinical users. Each of the defined performance characteristics will be discussed in this review, along with the issues that specifically affect EV analysis. Accreditation is increasingly important for all clinical laboratories and the standards required to achieve this are becoming more and more stringent. Therefore, as companies seek to develop the best assays to detect EVs and their molecular contents for clinical utility, and as we move rapidly towards our goal of offering EV analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, it is timely to highlight the requirements for the clinical accreditation of such assays. It is essential to consider these parameters to ensure that we develop the highest quality assays possible and ultimately the best outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ayers
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kipkeu BJ, Almizraq R, Branch DR, Acker JP, Holovati JL. Red cell supernatant effects on endothelial cell function and innate immune activation is influenced by donor age and sex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betty J. Kipkeu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Ruqayyah Almizraq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Donald R. Branch
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jason P. Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Jelena L. Holovati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
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Acker JP, Almizraq RJ, Millar D, Maurer-Spurej E. Screening of red blood cells for extracellular vesicle content as a product quality indicator. Transfusion 2018; 58:2217-2226. [PMID: 30168148 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The controversy around the quality and clinical impact of stored and differentially manufactured red cell concentrates (RCCs) from different donor groups is ongoing. Current studies are limited by the lack of quality measures suitable for routine screening of RCCs. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) are markers of cellular activation or degradation, this study investigated the utility of EV screening to characterize the effects of RBCs production methods and storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RCCs were prepared by whole blood filtration or red blood cell (RBC) filtration methods, centrifuged to prepare a supernatant, and tested for EV content (dynamic light scattering or tunable resistive pulse-sensing techniques), hemolysis, ATP, and RBC deformability on Days 7, 21, and 42 of storage. To simulate nondestructive quality control (QC) testing, 1 RBC unit was tested in parallel with six 10-mL aliquots that were stored in small-volume containers. RESULTS EV content showed a linear increase with storage time (p < 0.001) and correlated with supernatant hemoglobin and inversely with ATP or RBC deformability. The method of component manufacturing influenced the characteristics of the EVs during storage. A strong correlation between both EV testing methods' measure of total EV was observed. EV content in the six aliquots were consistent at each time point but statistically higher than in the original RCCs on and after 21 days of storage. CONCLUSIONS EV content correlates with measures of hemolysis and other RBC quality indicators and could be implemented as a routine screening tool for nondestructive QC testing of RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Acker
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta
| | | | - Daniel Millar
- LightIntegra Technology, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Maurer-Spurej
- LightIntegra Technology, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Almizraq RJ, Holovati JL, Acker JP. Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles in Red Blood Concentrates Change with Storage Time and Blood Manufacturing Method. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:185-193. [PMID: 29928174 DOI: 10.1159/000486137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood products are potential effectors of inflammation and coagulation after transfusion. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different blood manufacturing methods and duration of hypothermic storage on the EV subpopulations in relation to other in vitro quality parameters of red blood cell concentrate (RCC) products. Methods RCCs were produced using whole blood filtration (WBF) or red cell filtration (RCF) (n = 12/method), refrigerated for 43 days, and evaluated for EV size profile and concentration, red cell deformability, ATP and 2,3-DPG, hemolysis, and hematological indices. Results The total number of EVs increased significantly with storage in both methods, and WBF-RCCs contained the higher numbers of EVs compared to RCF-RCCs. The concentration of small EVs was greater in WBF-RCCs versus RCF-RCCs, with difference between the two methods observed on day 43 of storage (p = 0.001). Throughout storage, significant decreases were identified in ATP, 2,3-DPG, and EImax, while an increase in hemolysis was observed in both RCC products. Conclusion The dynamic shift in the size and concentration of the EV subpopulations is dependent on the blood manufacturing method and length of storage. Better understanding of the potential clinical implications of these heterogeneous populations of EVs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayyah J Almizraq
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jelena L Holovati
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Willmott GR. Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing: Better Size and Charge Measurements for Submicrometer Colloids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2987-2995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoff R. Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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30
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Jeyaram A, Jay SM. Preservation and Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Applications. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 20:1. [PMID: 29181730 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs)-including exosomes, microvesicles, and others-have attracted interest as cell-derived biotherapeutics and drug delivery vehicles for a variety of applications. This interest stems from favorable properties of EVs, including their status as mediators of cell-cell communication via transfer of biological cargo and their reported ability to cross biological barriers that impede many delivery systems. However, there are many challenges to translation and widespread application of EV-based therapeutics. One such challenge that has yet to be extensively studied involves EV preservation and storage, which must be addressed to enable use of therapeutic EVs beyond resource-intensive settings. Studies to date suggest that the most promising mode of storage is - 80°C; however, understanding of storage-mediated effects is still limited. Additionally, the effects of storage appear to vary with sample source. The lack of knowledge about and standardization of EV storage may ultimately hinder widespread clinical translation. This mini-review reports current knowledge in the field of EV preservation and storage stability and highlights future directions in the area that could be critical to eventual development of EV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Jeyaram
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3234 Jeong Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3234 Jeong Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA. .,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA. .,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
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Mushahary D, Spittler A, Kasper C, Weber V, Charwat V. Isolation, cultivation, and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cytometry A 2017; 93:19-31. [PMID: 29072818 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit a high self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. This set of exceptional features makes them an attractive tool for research and clinical application. However, MSC are far from being a uniform cell type, which makes standardization difficult. The exact properties of human MSC (hMSC) can vary greatly depending on multiple parameters including tissue source, isolation method and medium composition. In this review we address the most important influence factors. We highlight variations in the differentiation potential of MSC from different tissue sources. Furthermore, we compare enzymatic isolation strategies with explants cultures focusing on adipose tissue and umbilical cords as two relevant examples. Additionally, we address effects of medium composition and serum supplementation on MSC expansion and differentiation. The lack of standardized methods for hMSC isolation and cultivation mandates careful evaluation of different protocols regarding efficiency and cell quality. MSC characterization based on a set of minimal criteria defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy is a widely accepted practice, and additional testing for MSC functionality can provide valuable supplementary information. The MSC secretome has been identified as an important signaling mechanism to affect other cells. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting increasing interest. The thorough characterization of MSC-derived EVs and their interaction with target cells is a crucial step toward a more complete understanding of MSC-derived EV functionality. Here, we focus on flow cytometric approaches to characterize free as well as cell bound EVs and address potential differences in the bioactivity of EVs derived from stem cells from different sources. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Mushahary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Seghatchian J, Goubran H. Transfusion and alternatives therapeutic support for oncology patients with hematological problems: “Are we doing more harm than benefit”? Transfus Apher Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cumulative erythrocyte damage in blood storage and relevance to massive transfusions: selective insights into serial morphological and biochemical findings. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:348-356. [PMID: 28488957 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0312-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the precise mechanisms of cumulative red cell damages during storage and the potential harmful consequences after transfusion are achievable by exacting laboratory science and well-defined clinical studies in progress. Accordingly, for larger magnitude blood transfusions (i.e. 8-12 U in 24 hours), the quality of the stored blood and its characterisation are of special academic and clinical importance. Our main objectives in this review are to illuminate facets of the red cell storage lesion for prolonged storage (0-42 days) by concentrating on various hallmarks of the disorder: 1) identifying and characterising serial markers of the progressive lesion with respect to red cell dysmorphology, deformability, haemolytic fragility and dysfunction both in storage and the microcirculation; and 2) relevant biochemical findings of redox status correlated to oxidative stress of erythrocyte proteins. This is accomplished in part by reliance on advanced metabolomic and proteomic technologies using various sophisticated tools such as high pressure liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry of proteins and small molecule metabolites. It is anticipated that these sophisticated methodologies and the experimental results therein shall lead to further advances in the quality improvement of red cell storage.
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Seghatchian J. Evolving concepts of the RBC storage lesion using Omics and other novel diagnostic tools. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:245-247. [PMID: 28363590 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality and Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection & DDR Strategies, London, UK.
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