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Li C, Luo S, Guo A, Su Y, Zhang Y, Song Y, Liu M, Wang L, Zhang Y. Human Endometrium Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Aberrant NOD1 Expression Are Associated with Ectopic Endometrial Lesion Formation. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:309-318. [PMID: 38531608 PMCID: PMC11361846 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor protein, plays a crucial role in innate immune responses. However, the functional expression of NOD1 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from endometriosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the functions of NOD1 in ectopic endometrial lesions. Tissues and MSCs were isolated from both normal endometrium and endometriosis. Immunohistochemistry and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to determine the expression of NOD1 in the tissues/MSCs. Quantification of various cytokines was performed using RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To confirm the proliferation, invasion/migration, and apoptotic viabilities of the samples, Cell Counting Kit-8, clonogenic formation, transwell assays, and apoptotic experiments were conducted. Higher levels of NOD1 expression were detected in the ectopic-MSCs obtained from endometriosis compared to those from the endometrium. The expression of interleukin-8 was higher in the ectopic-MSCs than in the eutopic-MSCs. Pretreatment with NOD1 agonist significantly enhanced the proliferation and invasion/migration of eutopic-MSCs. Additionally, the NOD1 inhibitor ML-130 significantly reduced the proliferation, clone formation, invasion, and migration abilities of the ectopic-MSCs, having no effect on their apoptosis capacity. Our findings suggest that the expression of NOD1 in ectopic-MSCs may contribute to the progression of ectopic endometrial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Gynecological Endocrinology Diagnosis and Treatment, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Suiyu Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ai Guo
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wu QJ, Zhu LL, Zhang RK, Xing ZY, Wang C, Liao JH, Hu NZ, Cheng BY, Ma Y, Wang YQ. Effect of glutamine on the systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:275. [PMID: 38102601 PMCID: PMC10724901 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine on the growth performance and systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum. A total of 600 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were assigned randomly to 6 dietary treatments with 10 replicates for a 21-day feeding experiment. The experimental treatments were as follows: the control treatment (birds fed the basal diet), the Gln1 treatment, and the Gln 2 treatment (birds fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, and 1.0% Glutamine, respectively). At 3 d of age, half of the birds from each treatment were challenged oral gavage with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. pullorum suspension (1.0 mL per bird) or an equivalent amount of sterile saline alone, which served as a control. RESULTS The results showed that S. pullorum infection had adverse effects on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens compared with those of the CON treatment on d 7, decreased the spleen and bursa of fabricius relative weights (except on d 21), serum immunoglobulin A (IgA),immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations, and spleen melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology gene 2 (LGP2) mRNA expression levels, and increased the mRNA expression levels of spleen Nodinitib-1 (NOD1), Toll-like receptors 2,4 (TLR2, TLR4), DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), P50, P65, and RelB on d 4, 7, 14, and 21. Supplementation with Gln improved the relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except on d 21), increased the serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations and the mRNA expression levels of spleen MDA5 and LGP2, and decreased the mRNA expression levels of spleen NOD1, TLR2, TLR4, DAI, MAVS, P50, P65, and RelB of S. pullorum-challenged broiler chickens. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Gln might stimulate the systemic innate immune responses of the spleen in broiler chickens challenged with S. pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China.
| | - Long Long Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Rong Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Zhong Ying Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Jia Hui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Nai Zhi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Bin Yao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Yu Qin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
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3
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Hezinger L, Bauer S, Ellwanger K, Piotrowsky A, Biber F, Venturelli S, Kufer TA. NOD1 cooperates with HAX-1 to promote cell migration in a RIPK2- and NF-ĸB-independent manner. FEBS J 2023; 290:5295-5312. [PMID: 37488967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The human Nod-like receptor protein NOD1 is a well-described pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) with diverse functions. NOD1 associates with F-actin and its protein levels are upregulated in metastatic cancer cells. A hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to migrate, which involves actin remodelling. Using chemotaxis and wound healing assays, we show that NOD1 expression correlated with the migration rate and chemotactic index in the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa. The effect of NOD1 in cell migration was independent of the downstream kinase RIPK2 and NF-ĸB activity. Additionally, NOD1 negatively regulated the phosphorylation status of cofilin, which inhibits actin turnover. Co-immunoprecipitation assays identified HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as a previously unknown interaction partner of NOD1. Silencing of HAX-1 expression reduced the migration behaviour to similar levels as NOD1 knockdown, and simultaneous knockdown of NOD1 and HAX-1 showed no additive effect, suggesting that both proteins act in the same pathway. In conclusion, our data revealed an important role of the PRR NOD1 in regulating cell migration as well as chemotaxis in human cervical cancer cells and identified HAX-1 as a protein that interacts with NOD1 and is involved in this signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hezinger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Bauer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alban Piotrowsky
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix Biber
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Dery KJ, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. New insights into ischemia-reperfusion injury signaling pathways in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:424-433. [PMID: 35857344 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) leading to allograft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients is a devastating event that compromises graft and patient survival. As our clinical knowledge regarding its definition and presentation has significantly improved over the last years, adequate biomarkers translating to important therapeutic intervention remains a challenge. This review will summarize recent findings in this area. RECENT FINDINGS In the past 18 months, our understanding of organ transplantation IRI has improved. IRI involves a positive amplification feedback loop encompassing damaged cells at the graft site, the activity of redox-sensitive damage-associated molecular patterns, and local sequestration of recipient-derived monocytes, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, like neutrophils, to sustain the immunological cascade and to enhance the destruction of the foreign tissue. Recent studies have identified critical components leading to IRI, including the oxidation state of high mobility group box 1, a classic danger signal, its role in the Toll-like receptor 4-interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17A signaling axis, and the role of neutrophils and CD321, a marker for transmigration of circulating leukocytes into the inflamed tissue. In addition, recent findings imply that the protective functions mediated by autophagy activation counterbalance the detrimental nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway. Finally, clinical studies reveal the posttransplant variables associated with early allograft dysfunction and IRI. SUMMARY The future challenge will be understanding how crosstalk at the molecular and cellular levels integrate prospectively to predict which peri-transplant signals are essential for long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zito G, Miceli V, Carcione C, Busà R, Bulati M, Gallo A, Iannolo G, Pagano D, Conaldi PG. Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Pre-Conditioning Inhibits Inflammation and Apoptosis of Immune and Parenchymal Cells in an In Vitro Model of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040709. [PMID: 35203355 PMCID: PMC8870407 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents one of the leading causes of primary non-function acute liver transplantation failure. IRI, generated by an interruption of organ blood flow and the subsequent restoration upon transplant, i.e., reperfusion, generates the activation of an inflammatory cascade from the resident Kupffer cells, leading first to neutrophils recruitment and second to apoptosis of the parenchyma. Recently, human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs) and derivatives have been implemented for reducing the damage induced by IRI. Interestingly, sparse data in the literature have described the use of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) and, more importantly, no evidence regarding hMSCs priming on liver IRI have been described yet. Thus, our study focused on the definition of an in vitro model of liver IRI to test the effect of primed hAMSCs to reduce IRI damage on immune and hepatic cells. We found that the IFNγ pre-treatment and 3D culture of hAMSCs strongly reduced inflammation induced by M1-differentiated macrophages. Furthermore, primed hAMSCs significantly inhibited parenchymal apoptosis at early timepoints of reperfusion by blocking the activation of caspase 3/7. All together, these data demonstrate that hAMSCs priming significantly overcomes IRI effects in vitro by engaging the possibility of defining the molecular pathways involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zito
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-21-92-649
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
| | | | - Rosalia Busà
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Duilio Pagano
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.M.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (G.I.); (D.P.); (P.G.C.)
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Zou G, Zhou Z, Xi X, Huang R, Hu H. Pioglitazone Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of NF-κB Activation and Inflammation in Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:707344. [PMID: 34349671 PMCID: PMC8326914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is considered as a major cause of acute kidney injury. In this study, we investigated the role of the NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammation in the amelioration of renal IRI using pioglitazone. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min followed by perfusion restoration for establishing a simulated renal IRI model. At 24 h post-operatively, we assessed the serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and NF-κB-related (p-IKK-β and IκB-α) proteins, and mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and MCP-1, in the renal tissue of various study groups. The histopathological evaluation of renal tissue was also conducted. In rat renal tissue, pioglitazone treatment decreased the serum levels of post-renal IRI creatinine and urea nitrogen, as well as necrosis. Furthermore, it elevated the expression of PPAR-γ protein and decreased the expression of NF-κB-related proteins. Pioglitazone also decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α and MCP-1 in the renal tissue. Thus, pioglitazone ameliorates renal IRI by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory response in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaode Zou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Kasimsetty S, Hawkes A, DeWolf SE, Welch A, McKay DB. Blockade of T cell activation induced by the simultaneous absence of Nod1 and Nod2 is bypassed by TLR2 signals. Transpl Immunol 2021; 65:101348. [PMID: 33706865 PMCID: PMC10425202 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger adaptive inflammatory responses and as such are attractive targets for therapeutic manipulation of inflammation. In order to develop effective therapies however we need to understand the complexities of PRR signaling and clarify how individual PRRs contribute to an inflammatory response in a given cell type. Data from our lab and others have shown that cross-talk occurs between different PRR family members that directs T cell responses to a particular stimuli. It is well-established that the cell surface toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) provides a potent costimulatory signal for TCR-stimulated T cell activation. We have shown that signaling through the intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (Nod1 and Nod2) also provides important signals for T cell activation, and that when both Nod1 and Nod 2 are deleted stimulated T cells undergo activation-induced cell death. This study found that TLR2 costimulation could bypass the defect induced by the simultaneous absence of Nods1 and 2 in both antibody- and antigen-stimulated T cells. Since blocking one set of PRR-mediated responses can be overcome by signaling through another PRR family member, then effective therapeutic immune blockade strategies will likely require a multi-pronged approach in order to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashi Kasimsetty
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Alana Hawkes
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Sean E DeWolf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Alexander Welch
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Dianne B McKay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America.
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8
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Habib R. Multifaceted roles of Toll-like receptors in acute kidney injury. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06441. [PMID: 33732942 PMCID: PMC7944035 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the first line defense system of our bodies; they are widely expressed on leukocytes and kidney epithelial cells. Infections due to pathogens or danger signals from injured tissues often activate several TLRs and these receptors mediate their signal transduction through the activation of transcription factors that regulate the expression of cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), type I interferons (IFNs), and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) dependent cytokines and chemokines. Acute kidney injury (AKI) involves early Toll-like receptors driven immunopathology, while resolution of inflammation is needed for rapid regeneration of injured tubular cells. Despite their well known function in the progression of inflammation; interestingly, activation of TLRs also has been implicated in renal epithelial repair through the induction of certain interleukins and improvement in autophagy mechanism. Studies have found that although the blockade of TLRs during the early injury phase of renal tissues prevented tubular necrosis, suppression of interleukins production and impaired kidney regeneration due to their blockade has been observed during the healing phase of tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that the two danger response programs of renal cells i.e. renal inflammation and regeneration may link at the level of TLRs. This review aims to emphasize on the role of TLRs signaling in different acute kidney injury phases. Understanding of these pathways may turn out to be effective as therapeutic option for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhshinda Habib
- Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
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9
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Parente A, Osei-Bordom DC, Ronca V, Perera MTPR, Mirza D. Organ Restoration With Normothermic Machine Perfusion and Immune Reaction. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565616. [PMID: 33193335 PMCID: PMC7641637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only recognized effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, organ shortages have become the main challenge for patients and physicians within the transplant community. Waiting list mortality remains an issue with around 10% of patients dying whilst waiting for an available organ. The post-transplantation period is also associated with an adverse complication rate for these specific cohorts of high-risk patients, particularly regarding patient and graft survival. Ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has been highlighted as the mechanism of injury that increases parenchymal damage, which eventually lead to significant graft dysfunction and other poor outcome indicators. The consequences of IRI in clinical practice such as reperfusion syndrome, primary non-function of graft, allograft dysfunction, ischaemic biliary damage and early biliary complications can be life-threatening. IRI dictates the development of a significant inflammatory response that drives the pathway to eventual cell death. The main mechanisms of IRI are mitochondrial damage due to low oxygen tension within the hepatic micro-environment and severe adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion during the ischaemic period. After the restoration of normal blood flow, this damage is further enhanced by reoxygenation as the mitochondria respond to reperfusion by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activate Kupffer cells within the hepatic micro-environment, leading to a pro-inflammatory response and eventual parenchymal cell apoptosis and associated tissue degradation. Machine perfusion (MP) is one emergent strategy considered to be one of the most important advances in organ preservation, restoration and transplantation. Indeed, MP has the potential to rescue frequently discarded organs and has been shown to limit the extent of IRI, leading to suppression of the deleterious pro-inflammatory response. This immunomodulation reduces the prevalence of allograft rejection, the use of immunosuppression therapy and minimizes post-transplant complications. This review aims to update the current knowledge of MP with a focus on normothermic machine liver perfusion (NMLP) and its potential role in immune response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parente
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel-Clement Osei-Bordom
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - M Thamara P R Perera
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Darius Mirza
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Liu FY, Fang BQ, Sun LM, Zhang XZ, Liu JL, Yang Y, Zhang WH, Wang XL, Ding YC. The Role of the NOD1/Rip2 Signaling Pathway in Myocardial Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924748. [PMID: 32855380 PMCID: PMC7477929 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypertension changes the function and structure of the heart and blood vessels. This study aimed to explore the role of the NOD1/Rip2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1/receptor-interacting protein 2) signaling pathway in myocardial remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood pressure was measured using a tail cuff. The cardiac structure was observed using echocardiography. Slices of the myocardium were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The expression of NOD1 and Rip2 was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The content and distribution of collagen in the myocardium were observed using Van Gieson staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the interleukin-1 (IL-1) concentrations. SHRs were treated with the NOD1 agonist iE-DAP and NOD1 inhibitor ML130. RESULTS The NOD1 agonist increased blood pressure in SHRs, and the NOD1 inhibitor decreased blood pressure; the interventricular septum thickness (IVST) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) of the agonist-treated group were thicker than those of the control group, and the antagonist exerted the opposite effects. The levels of the NOD1 and Rip2 mRNAs and proteins, serum IL-1 concentration, and myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF%) increased in SHRs in the NOD1 agonist group, but the levels of NOD1 and Rip2, serum IL-1 concentration, and myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF%) decreased in SHRs in the NOD1 inhibitor group. CONCLUSIONS NOD1/Rip2 expression increased during the progression of myocardial remodeling in SHRs. The NOD1 agonist increased NOD1 expression and promoted myocardial remodeling, while the NOD1 antagonist reduced NOD1/Rip2 expression and protected against myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology V, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Qian Fang
- Department of Cardiology V, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Min Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology V, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Chun Ding
- Department of Cardiology V, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Zhao X, Zhang E, Ren X, Bai X, Wang D, Bai L, Luo D, Guo Z, Wang Q, Yang J. Edaravone alleviates cell apoptosis and mitochondrial injury in ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury via the JAK/STAT pathway. Biol Res 2020; 53:28. [PMID: 32620154 PMCID: PMC7333427 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in the clinic. A large number of studies have found that the tyrosine protein kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is involved in the development of a variety of kidney diseases and renal protection associated with multiple drugs. Edaravone (EDA) is an effective free radical scavenger that has been used clinically for the treatment of postischemic neuronal injury. This study aimed to identify whether EDA improved kidney function in rats with ischemia–reperfusion injury by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway and clarify the underlying mechanism. Methods Histomorphological analysis was used to assess pathological kidney injury, and mitochondrial damage was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to detect tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. The expression of JAK2, P-JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3, STAT1, P-STAT1, BAX and Bcl-2 was assessed by western blotting. Mitochondrial function in the kidney was assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurement. Results The results showed that EDA inhibited the expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and p-STAT1, accompanied by downregulation of the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and significantly ameliorated kidney damage caused by ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Furthermore, the JC-1 dye assay showed that edaravone attenuated ischemia–reperfusion-induced loss of kidney ΔΨm. Conclusion Our findings indicate that EDA protects against kidney damage caused by ischemia–reperfusion through JAK/STAT signaling, inhibiting apoptosis and improving mitochondrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Erfei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiaofen Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Danlei Luo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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