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Benyounes O, Bekri S, Belgacem S, Labidi A, Khemis M, Mansour L. Oral Colonization by Different Candida Species: First Comparative Study between Denture and Nondenture Wearers in Tunisia. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 39043212 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare different Candida species present in patients with and without removable dentures to identify alterations in biofilm composition following denture wear within a Tunisian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, comprising a group of patients wearing removable dentures (test group) and a control group without dentures. In the test group, two mycological samples were obtained: one from the prosthetic intaglio and another from the osteomucosal area bearing the denture. For the control group, mycological samples were collected from the oral mucosa. The collected swabs were cultured on CHROMagar Candida medium, and yeast counts were quantified as colony forming units (CFUs). Candida species were identified through chromogenic analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The normality of quantitative variables was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test. To compare means and ranks between the test and control groups, the independent samples t-test and the Mann-Whitney's U test were employed, respectively. Qualitative variables were compared using Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was determined at a critical uncertainty value of p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 150 participants were involved in this study, with 75 patients in each group. Wearing an acrylic removable denture was found to increase the number of detected Candida species (p < 0.001) and significantly increases the overall growth of Candida spp. (p = 0.001). Specifically, the numbers of CFUs of Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata were elevated in denture wearers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Findings stemming from this study indicate that removable dentures promote the growth of Candida species. This can be a predisposing factor for Candida-associated denture stomatitis in cases of poor oral hygiene or compromised immunity. Therefore, it is imperative to emphasize the fabrication of high-quality dentures and the implementation of rigorous postdenture maintenance protocols to prevent or limit Candida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Benyounes
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- ABCDF Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento-Facial Approach, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Bekri
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- ABCDF Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento-Facial Approach, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Belgacem
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, EPS Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amel Labidi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- ABCDF Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento-Facial Approach, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Khemis
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory N8 LR12SP10: Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillary, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Mansour
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- ABCDF Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento-Facial Approach, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Elsayes SA, El Attar MS, ElHadary A, Aboulela AG, Essawy MM, Soliman IS. Antimycotic prophylaxis with multispecies probiotics against oral candidiasis in new complete denture wearers: A randomized clinical trial. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00369-X. [PMID: 38906771 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Changes in the oral microbiota of new complete denture wearers are the main cause of oral candidiasis. The drawbacks associated with traditional antimycotic therapies, especially drug resistance, have led to the search for potent therapeutic and prophylaxis agents with less harmful effects, including probiotics. However, investigation of the prophylaxis and preventive effects of probiotics on new complete denture wearers are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the prophylactic efficiency of multistrain probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) in combating oral candidiasis in new complete denture wearers. The Candida relapse after 4 weeks of intervention cessation was also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 50 new maxillary and mandibular complete denture wearers with asymptomatic detectable levels of Candida were enrolled. The participants in the probiotics group received a daily dose of probiotic lozenges for 8 weeks versus placebo tablets taken by those in the placebo group. Collected mouth-rinse samples were microbiologically assessed to count Candida colonies and identify different species at different time intervals: baseline, 2 weeks after denture delivery, 4 and 8 weeks after the beginning of intervention, and 4 weeks postintervention follow-up. Data were assessed by performing the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the normality of the colony count, while the difference in the colony count between timelines was analyzed using the Freidman test followed by multiple comparison tests (α=.05). RESULTS Two weeks after denture delivery, the Candida load had not risen significantly from the baseline count (P>.05). After the intervention, the probiotics had reduced the Candida count significantly in the fourth week and in subsequent follow-up periods, with the highest decrease observed in the eighth week, recording a median count of (0.00) compared with (2.74) at the baseline level (P<.001). Furthermore, in assessing the differential count of Candida species, a noteworthy decrease was found in the level of the most prevalent Candida albicans in the eighth week, with a relapse noticed in the twelfth week of posttreatment follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic lozenges had antimycotic efficiency in asymptomatic new complete denture wearers, with short-term extended preventive effects after intervention cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Elsayes
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Sherine El Attar
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany ElHadary
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aliaa Gamaleldin Aboulela
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Assistant Consultant, Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ingy S Soliman
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Patel M, Barrera L, Chu L, Whang K. Development of an antimicrobial, 3D printable denture base material with K18 quaternary ammonium silane-functionalized methyl methacrylate and filler. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:1251.e1-1251.e8. [PMID: 38523046 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture base materials are highly susceptible to microbial colonization, which can lead to denture stomatitis. In addition, patients who sleep with their dentures have an increased chance of contracting pneumonia. Commercially available antimicrobial denture base materials to prevent or combat microbial colonization are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of K18 quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silane-functionalized filler (K18-Filler) and methyl methacrylate (K18-MMA) on the polymerization of 3D printed denture base material and its esthetic, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS K18-Filler (0%, 10%, 20% w/w) and K18-MMA (0%, 5%, 12.5% w/w) were added to a 3D printable denture base resin (Denture Base Resin, Original Pink; Formlabs Inc) and 3D printed. Specimens were tested by using the Rockwell15T hardness, near infrared FTIR monomer-to-polymer degree of conversion (DoC), transparency parameter (TP), color shift, and 3-point bend and by counting colony forming units against Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer HSD post hoc test. RESULTS Control resins had significantly higher Rockwell15T hardness than most of the K18 groups (P<.05) but had comparable DoC with all K18 groups except one, showing that all groups were well polymerized. Controls had significantly higher TP than most K18 groups, but most K18 groups had ΔE<3.3, so the color shift was not noticeable. However, the 12.5% K18-MMA with 10% and 20% K18-Filler groups, which were also the groups used to test for antimicrobial activity, had ΔE>8. All K18 groups had comparable or greater moduli than the controls, but the controls had significantly higher ultimate transverse strengths than most K18 groups (P<.05). All 12.5% K18-MMA with K18-Filler groups had significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. sanguinis, and C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS 12.5% K18-MMA and K18-Filler produced 3D printable denture materials with comparable polymerization properties and significant antimicrobial properties against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and C. albicans. High K18-MMA and K18-Filler concentrations caused significant color shifts and reductions in ultimate strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Patel
- Undergraduate student and Researcher, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Leslie Barrera
- Research Associate, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lianrui Chu
- Adjunct Faculty Member, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kyumin Whang
- Professor, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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Al Ansari N, Abid M. Enhancing Presurgical Infant Orthopedic Appliances: Characterization, Mechanics, and Biofilm Inhibition of a Novel Chlorhexidine-Halloysite Nanotube-Modified PMMA. Int J Biomater 2024; 2024:6281972. [PMID: 38962288 PMCID: PMC11221949 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6281972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This in vitro study aimed to develop a novel nanocomposite acrylic resin with inherent antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated its effectiveness against microbial biofilm formation, while also assessing its physical and mechanical properties. Methods Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was modified with four different concentrations of chlorhexidine halloysite nanotubes (CHX-HNTs): 1%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5 wt.% by weight, along with a control group (0 wt.% CHX-HNTs). The biofilm inhibition ability of the modified CHX-HNTs acrylic against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae was assessed using microtiter biofilm test. In addition, ten samples from each group were then tested for flexural strength, surface roughness, and hardness. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for comparison (P < 0.05). Results CHX-HNTs effectively reduced the adhesion of Candida albicans and bacteria to the PMMA in a dose-dependent manner. The higher the concentration of CHX-HNTs, the greater the reduction in microbial adhesion, with the highest concentration (4.5 wt.%) showing the most significant effect with inhibition rates ≥98%. The addition of CHX-HNTs at any tested concentration (1%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5 wt.%) did not cause any statistically significant difference in the flexural strength, surface roughness, or hardness of the PMMA compared to the control group. Conclusions The novel integration of CHX-HNT fillers shows promising results as an effective biofilm inhibitor on acrylic appliances. This new approach has the potential to successfully control infectious diseases without negatively affecting the mechanical properties of the acrylic resin. Clinical Relevance. The integration of CHX-HNTs into presurgical infant orthopedic appliances should be thoroughly assessed as a promising preventive measure to mitigate microbial infections. This evaluation holds significant potential for controlling infectious diseases among infants with cleft lip and palate, thereby offering a valuable contribution to their overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al Ansari
- Department of Orthodontics, Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Orthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mushriq Abid
- Department of Orthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Perić M, Miličić B, Kuzmanović Pfićer J, Živković R, Arsić Arsenijević V. A Systematic Review of Denture Stomatitis: Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features, Etiology, and Global Candida spp. Distribution. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:328. [PMID: 38786683 PMCID: PMC11122031 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS) is a very common disease in wearers of removable complete and partial dentures with a worldwide prevalence in the range of 20-67%. Both industrially developed and impoverished nations are affected by the illness. DS is often associated with ill-fitting dentures or a fungal infection with Candida spp. Candida is normally found in the oral cavity microbiota, but it can be harmful to the health of elderly people with underlying diseases. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to offer the most recent information about the epidemiology, etiology, and global distribution of Candida species associated with DS through a systematic review. Several databases, including Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, were used to conduct an extensive search of the literature published in the previous 20 years. The selection of studies was performed by two authors. The extracted data were as follows: author, year of publication, country, sample, frequency of DS, method of diagnosing stomatitis, species of Candida, risk factors, and etiology of the disease. The JBI Critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the studies. Eventually, twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. Twenty-one studies investigated DS, while seven studies examined Candida colonization in patients using removable dentures. The results show that the main causes of DS include the type of dentures, continuous wearing of dentures, and the formation of a Candida biofilm, which is facilitated by poor dental hygiene. Additionally, previous studies have pinpointed the significance of the salivary flow, saliva composition, and salivary pH. The findings of the current review indicate that it is crucial to monitor denture wearers for the appearance of DS, especially the patients whose immunity has been impaired due to a systemic condition. Finally, frequent follow-ups should include a clinical examination and microbial swabs of the palatal mucosa and the mucosal surface of the denture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Perić
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Biljana Miličić
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (J.K.P.)
| | - Jovana Kuzmanović Pfićer
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (J.K.P.)
| | - Rade Živković
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Valentina Arsić Arsenijević
- Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Jørgensen MR. Pathophysiological microenvironments in oral candidiasis. APMIS 2024. [PMID: 38571459 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis (OC), a prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa, presents a considerable health challenge, particularly in individuals with compromised immune responses, advanced age, and local predisposing conditions. A considerable part of the population carries Candida in the oral cavity, but only few develop OC. Therefore, the pathogenesis of OC may depend on factors other than the attributes of the fungus, such as host factors and other predisposing factors. Mucosal trauma and inflammation compromise epithelial integrity, fostering a conducive environment for fungal invasion. Molecular insights into the immunocompromised state reveal dysregulation in innate and adaptive immunity, creating a permissive environment for Candida proliferation. Detailed examination of Candida species (spp.) and their virulence factors uncovers a nuanced understanding beyond traditional C. albicans focus, which embrace diverse Candida spp. and their strategies, influencing adhesion, invasion, immune evasion, and biofilm formation. Understanding the pathophysiological microenvironments in OC is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This review aims to unravel the diverse pathophysiological microenvironments influencing OC development focusing on microbial, host, and predisposing factors, and considers Candida resistance to antifungal therapy. The comprehensive approach offers a refined perspective on OC, seeking briefly to identify potential therapeutic targets for future effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rose Jørgensen
- Section of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mhatre S, Srichand R, Sethumadhavan J, Mishra PB, Patil SD, Chavan RS, Joshi M, Shetty U. Dry Mouth Dilemma: A Comprehensive Review of Xerostomia in Complete Denture Wearers. Cureus 2024; 16:e58564. [PMID: 38770459 PMCID: PMC11102879 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, presents a significant challenge for individuals wearing complete dentures, affecting their oral health and quality of life. This review explores the relationship between saliva and complete dentures, highlighting the varied management strategies for xerostomia. Saliva plays a critical role in denture retention, lubrication, and oral environment buffering. Complete denture wearers often experience reduced salivary flow, aggravating symptoms of xerostomia. Various management approaches are discussed, including general measures such as hydration and salivary stimulation techniques which aim to boost saliva production naturally. The use of salivary substitutes provides artificial lubrication and moisture to alleviate dry mouth discomfort. Oral lubricating devices, such as sprays, gels, and lozenges, offer relief by mimicking saliva's lubricating properties, thereby improving denture stability and comfort. This review addresses the etiology of xerostomia in complete denture wearers and explores preventive measures to reduce its impact. A comprehensive approach has been discussed for the management of xerostomia which will help to improve the oral health and well-being of complete denture wearers experiencing dry mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Mhatre
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Reema Srichand
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Jyotsna Sethumadhavan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Pallavi B Mishra
- Medical School, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Srushti D Patil
- Medical School, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Riddhi S Chavan
- Medical School, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Mridula Joshi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Uttam Shetty
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, IND
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Jung GK, Mora SN, Yune SS, Petrich A, Hernandez-Feldpausch M, Hamlin CM, Tuamokumo FO, Kim JJ. Effects of aging on attachment of Candida albicans to conventional heat-polymerized, CAD-CAM milled, and CAD-CAM 3D-printed acrylic resin bases. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38502779 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess Candida albicans attachment on conventionally fabricated (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), CAD-CAM milled, and 3D-printed acrylic resin bases pre- and post-simulated thermal aging, along with examining material surface changes after aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six samples (10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm) for each of four material groups (conventional heat-polymerized PMMA, CAD-CAM milled acrylic resin base, CAD-CAM 3D-printed methacrylate resin base, CAD-CAM 3D-printed urethane methacrylate resin base) were subjected to 0, 1, or 2 years of simulated thermal aging. Microscopic images were taken before and after aging, and C. albicans attachment was quantified using cell proliferation assay (XTT). Statistical analysis employed analysis of variance (α = 0.05). RESULTS Two-way factorial analysis showed no significant differences based on acrylic resin type or thermal aging (p = 0.344 and p = 0.091 respectively). However, C. albicans attachment significantly differed between 0- and 2-year thermally aged groups (p = 0.004), mainly due to elevated initial attachments on CAD-CAM milled acrylic resin base and CAD-CAM 3D-printed urethane methacrylate resin base. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the fabrication technique and material combination, no significant differences were found in C. albicans adhesion pre- or post- thermal aging. Milled and 3D-printed bases compared favorably with heat- polymerized PMMA in their affinity for C. albicans attachment and surface characteristics after aging. These findings indicate that the risk of patients developing denture stomatitis might not be linked to the type of acrylic resin or fabrication method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle K Jung
- Department of Prosthodontics, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Navy Medicine Readiness & Training Command, Camp Pendleton, California, USA
| | - Stephanie N Mora
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- 3D Dental Battalion, US Naval Dental Center, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen S Yune
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anton Petrich
- Department of Prosthodontics, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marina Hernandez-Feldpausch
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher M Hamlin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francois O Tuamokumo
- Department of Research Programs, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kim
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Research, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Alhajj MN, Halboub E, Yacob N, Al-Maweri SA, Ahmad SF, Celebić A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Salleh NM. Adhesion of Candida Albicans to digital versus conventional acrylic resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:303. [PMID: 38439020 PMCID: PMC10910815 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the available evidence about the adherence of Candida Albicans to the digitally-fabricated acrylic resins (both milled and 3D-printed) compared to the conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resins. METHODS This study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search of online databases/search tools (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar) was conducted for all relevant studies published up until May 29, 2023. Only in-vitro studies comparing the adherence of Candida albicans to the digital and conventional acrylic resins were included. The quantitative analyses were performed using RevMan v5.3 software. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included, 11 of which were meta-analyzed based on Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and Optical Density (OD) outcome measures. The pooled data revealed significantly lower candida colonization on the milled digitally-fabricated compared to the heat-polymerized conventionally-fabricated acrylic resin materials (MD = - 0.36; 95%CI = - 0.69, - 0.03; P = 0.03 and MD = - 0.04; 95%CI = - 0.06, - 0.01; P = 0.0008; as measured by CFU and OD respectively). However, no differences were found in the adhesion of Candida albicans between the 3D-printed digitally-fabricated compared to the heat-polymerized conventionally-fabricated acrylic resin materials (CFU: P = 0.11, and OD: P = 0.20). CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that candida is less likely to adhere to the milled digitally-fabricated acrylic resins compared to the conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Norlela Yacob
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Fauzza Ahmad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asja Celebić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nosizana Mohd Salleh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Rakasevic D, Marinkovic J, Rakonjac B, Arce M, Joksimovic E, Markovic J, Kulic M, Hadzi-Mihailovic M, Markovic A. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy efficacy vs. conventional antifungal therapy in patients with poor-fitting dentures suffering from denture stomatitis. A prospective clinical study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103913. [PMID: 38049045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term use of antifungal therapy in denture stomatitis (DS) treatment could be accompanied by antifungal-resistant strain onset, leading to compromised therapeutic procedure and disease reappearance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown the ability to eradicate oral infections and resistance strains. This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the PDT's effectiveness compared to the conventional treatment on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with DS without denture wear during the treatment and follow-ups. METHODS Forty-two patients diagnosed with DS were randomly assigned to one-session single PDT application (test group) or conventional antifungal therapy (control group). Clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed and analyzed before and at 3rd, 15th, and 30th day following the treatments. Microbiological samples were analyzed by a Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS Prior to the treatment, Candida species, including C. albicans (100%), C. glabrata (33%), C. tropicalis (31%), C. krusei (31%) were isolated in all patients. Both treatment procedures demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in C. albicans at all follow-up time intervals (p < 0.05). However, PDT displayed a statistically significant reduction in C. krusei compared to the conventional treatment at all follow-up periods (p < 0.05). Clinical parameters improved considerably in the test group compared to the control group at the 3rd and 15th day of follow-up. CONCLUSION One-session single PDT application demonstrated significant improvement in both clinical and microbiological outcomes in a short-term period, resulting in complete Candida spp. eradication compared to conventional antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Rakasevic
- Implant and Research Centre, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jelena Marinkovic
- Institute for Nuclear Science, Vinca, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Rakonjac
- Institute for Microbiology, Medical Military Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marion Arce
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Ena Joksimovic
- Department of Prosthodontic, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Markovic
- Implant and Research Centre, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kulic
- University Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Hadzi-Mihailovic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksa Markovic
- Implant and Research Centre, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Al-Maweri SA, Alhajj MN, Anweigi L, Ashraf S, Halboub E, Salleh NM, Alanazi RH, Nassani MZ, Noushad M, Al Khabuli JO, Shamala A. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy on candida colonization and clinical symptoms in denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38229054 PMCID: PMC10790471 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recently proposed as a promising alternative therapy for Denture Stomatitis (DS). The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the current available evidence regarding the efficacy of PDT in the management of DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest were searched up to June 7, 2023. All relevant clinical trials were included. RevMan software was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS Elven randomized clinical trials (460 DS patients) were included. Eight studies assessed the efficacy of PDT vs. topical antifungal therapy, while three studies assessed the adjunctive use of PDT (PDT + antifungal therapy) vs. topical antifungal therapy alone. The results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and conventional antifungal therapy on candida colonization at 15 days (MD: 0.95, 95% CI: -0.28, 2.19, p = 0.13) and at the end of follow-up (MD: -0.17, 95% CI: -1.33, 0.98, p = 0.77). The pooled two studies revealed relatively better efficacy of adjunctive use of PDT with antifungal therapy on candida colonization compared to antifungal therapy alone at 15 days (MD: -6.67, 95% CI: -15.15, 1.82, p = 0.12), and at the end of follow-up (MD: -7.14, 95% CI: -19.78, 5.50, p = 0.27). Additionally, the results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and topical antifungal therapy on the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS PDT might be considered a viable option for DS either as an adjunct or as an alternative to the topical antifungal medications. Further studies with adequate sample sizes and standardized PDT parameters are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Lamyia Anweigi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajna Ashraf
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nosizana Mohd Salleh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rawan H Alanazi
- Department of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zakaria Nassani
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Science & Technology, Sanaa, Yemen.
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12
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El-Din MS, El-Sharkawy A, Abdelrahman H, Hanno KI. Different wavelengths of laser: are they significant for treatment of denture stomatitis?: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38212756 PMCID: PMC10782685 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the mucosal surface underneath the dentures and frequently causes oral mucosal irritation, discomfort, and altered taste perception, which prevents people from consuming enough nutrients. One of the main causes of DS is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans (C. albicans). A possible alternative treatment for Candida infections is thought to be laser therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different wavelengths of laser would affect growth and pathogenic properties of Candida albicans. METHODS A concentration of 106 viable cells/ml of Candida albicans were used in the preparation process. Four groups were created from the specimens. Culturing of the control group was completed with no intervention. The other 3 groups received laser radiation for 60 seconds at a power of 1W. The 2nd and 3rd groups were irradiated with diode laser at a wavelength of 940 nm and 980 nm respectively. The 4th group was irradiated with Nd-YAG laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm. Turbidimetric growth was defined as variations in the optical density of fungal growth. These measures were made at three different times: baseline, 48 hours, and 72 hours. RESULTS In both groups of diode laser, the growth of Candida albicans showed no remarkable differences at baseline, after 48 and 72 hours using a power of 1 W and duration of 60 seconds. The Nd-YAG group showed significant increase in optical density after 48 hrs then significant decrease after 72 hrs. The optical density values in the control group showed no notable difference between the control and diode study groups at different time periods. However, the Nd:YAG group showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control and the 2 diode laser groups. CONCLUSIONS Different laser parameters have a different effect on growth and pathogenic properties of Candida albicans. Diode laser therapy with wavelengths 940 and 980 nm used in continuous mode with power of 1 W for duration of 60 seconds can result in proliferation of Candida albicans instead of destroying them. Nd:YAG laser, used in pulsed mode, with power of 1 W for a duration of 60 seconds can be used to destroy Candida albicans and therefore, can be used as an effective treatment for denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Salah El-Din
- Department of Prosthodontics, Alexandria University Main Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahlam El-Sharkawy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hams Abdelrahman
- Department of Dental and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kenda I Hanno
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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13
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Alansari N, Abid M, Dziedzic A. Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine-encapsulated halloysite nanotubes incorporated in presurgical orthopedic appliances: an in vitro, controlled study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:68. [PMID: 38165480 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Presurgical infant's orthopedic appliances (PSIOs) play an increasingly crucial role in the interdisciplinary management of neonatal CLP, aiming to improve and maintain adequate nasolabial aesthetics, followed by primary lip/nasal surgery in both unilateral and bilateral CLP cases. The use of PSIOs in cleft lip and palate patients can lead to contamination with oral microflora, acting as a potential reservoir for infectious microorganisms. Acrylic surfaces might provide retention niches for microorganisms to adhere, and inhabit, which is difficult to control in immunocompromised patients, thus predisposing them to increased infection risks. The objective of this multi-assay in vitro study was to investigate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine-loaded halloysite nanotubes (CHX-HNTs) fillers on the morphological, cytotoxic, release, and antimicrobial characteristics of self-cured acrylic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material used in pre-surgical orthopedic appliances. METHODS Disk-shaped PMMA specimens were prepared with varying proportions of CHX-HNTs. A control group without any addition served as a reference, and four experimental samples contained a range of different concentrations of CHX-HNTs (1.0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 wt%). The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using an agar diffusion test against common reference microorganisms: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Cytotoxicity was examined using the L929 cell line (mouse fibroblasts) through a (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT) cell viability assay. The release kinetics of CHX were monitored using UV-spectral measurements. The statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS The integration of CHX-HNTs in PMMA exhibited a substantial dose-dependent antifungal and antibacterial effect against microorganisms at tested mass fractions (1.0 to 4.5 wt%). CHX release was sustained for up to 60 days, supporting prolonged antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, no significant cytotoxicity was determined in the L929 fibroblast cell line (control), indicating the biocompatibility of the CHX-HNTs-enhanced PMMA. CONCLUSION Incorporating CHX-HNTs in PMMA successfully enhanced its antimicrobial properties, providing sustained CHX release and superior antimicrobial efficacy. These findings demonstrate the potential of antimicrobial nanoparticles in dental therapies to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, rigorous further clinical trials and observational studies are warranted to validate the practical application, safety, and efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study has the potential to make a major impact on the health of infants born with cleft lip and palate by helping to reduce the prevalence of infectious illnesses. The incorporation of CHX-HNTs into PMMA-based appliances is a novel promising preventive approach to reduce microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alansari
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 01110, Iraq
- Department of Orthodontics, Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mushriq Abid
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 01110, Iraq.
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Sile, 40-055, Katowice, Poland
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14
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Jana BK, Singh M, Dutta RS, Mazumder B. Current Drug Delivery Strategies for Buccal Cavity Ailments using Mouth Dissolving Wafer Technology: A Comprehensive Review on the Present State of the Art. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:339-359. [PMID: 36443976 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666221128152010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouth-dissolving wafer is polymer-based matrice that incorporates various pharmaceutical agents for oral drug delivery. This polymeric wafer is ingenious in the way that it needs not be administered with water, like in conventional tablet dosage form. It has better compliance among the pediatric and geriatric groups owing to its ease of administration. OBJECTIVE The polymeric wafer dissolves quickly in the oral cavity and is highly effective for a targeted local effect in buccal-specific ailments. It is a safe, effective, and versatile drug delivery carrier for a range of drugs used to treat a plethora of oral cavity-specific ailments that inflict common people, like thrush, canker sores, periodontal disease, benign oral cavity tumors, buccal neoplasm, and malignancies. This review paper focuses thoroughly on the present state of the art in mouth-dissolving wafer technology for buccal drug delivery and targeting. Moreover, we have also addressed present-time limitations associated with wafer technology to aid researchers in future developments in the arena of buccal drug delivery. CONCLUSION This dynamic novel formulation has tremendous future implications for designing drug delivery systems to target pernicious ailments and diseases specific to the buccal mucosa. In a nutshell, this review paper aims to summarize the present state of the art in buccal targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kumar Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
| | - Rajat Subhra Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
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15
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Zhou S, He TC, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Comparison of the main pathogenic microorganisms of various common oral diseases in children and adults. PEDIATRIC DISCOVERY 2023; 1:e35. [PMID: 38371743 PMCID: PMC10874635 DOI: 10.1002/pdi3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The microorganisms in the human body gradually change and maintain a dynamic balance with the development of physiology and pathology. Oral microbiota is one of the most important microbiota in human body. It is not only closely related to the occurrence and development of oral diseases, but also plays an important role in the overall health. In childhood, the population of oral microorganisms is relatively small, but with the growth of age and tooth development, the species and quantity of oral microorganisms are gradually increasing. Different oral diseases also have their corresponding main microorganisms, and these dominant microorganisms change at different stages of the disease. In this review, we summarized and compared the main pathogenic microorganisms of several common oral diseases in children and adults. In addition, the possible association and difference between adults and children of the main pathogenic microorganisms in different stages of the same or different diseases are also discussed in order to provide research data for the development and diagnosis of common oral diseases in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Vila-Nova TEL, Leão RDS, Santiago Junior JF, Pellizzer EP, Vasconcelos BCDE, Moraes SLD. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of denture stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:825-832. [PMID: 35125209 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Photodynamic therapy is widely used in dentistry, but limited evidence exists regarding its effectiveness in treating denture stomatitis. High resistance to antifungals has been reported, and photodynamic therapy could be an alternative treatment. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether photodynamic therapy is effective in reducing denture stomatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and recorded in the prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020205589) to answer the population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) question: "Is photodynamic therapy effective in the treatment of denture stomatitis when compared with the use of antifungal agents?" Electronic searches were performed in databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science for articles published until February 2021 by using the following terms: (denture stomatitis OR oral candidiasis) AND (low-level light therapy OR laser therapy OR lasers OR photodynamic therapies OR photochemotherapy) AND (antifungal drugs OR antifungal agents OR antimicrobial OR treatment). Clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, studies in the English language, and studies comparing antifungal agents with photodynamic therapy were included. RESULTS In total, 5 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis and 3 for the meta-analysis. No significant difference was detected between antifungal therapy and photodynamic therapy in the reduction of colony-forming units on the palate. In a subgroup analysis, a significant difference was found in the reduction of colony-forming units on the palate at 15 days and at the denture surface at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy is effective in the treatment of denture stomatitis, but after 30 days and 15 days, the antifungals demonstrated better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana Emília Leite Vila-Nova
- PhD student, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafaella de Souza Leão
- Adjunct Professor of Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pernambuco University (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Full Professor of Departament of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba Dental School, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Lúcia Dantas Moraes
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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17
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Lyons KM, Cannon RD, Beumer J, Bakr MM, Love RM. Microbial Analysis of Obturators During Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Treatment Over an 8-Year Period. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023; 60:1426-1441. [PMID: 35642284 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the microbial colonization (by Candida species, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria) of maxillary obturators used for the restoration of maxillary defects, including during radiotherapy. Retrospective cohort study. Fifteen patients requiring a maxillary obturator prosthesis had swabs of their obturators and adjacent tissues taken at different stages of their treatment over a period of 8 years. Identification of microbial species from the swabs was carried out using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD PCR) analysis, checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, CHROMagar Candida chromogenic agar, and DNA sequencing. Candida species were detected in all patients and all patients developed mucositis and candidiasis during radiotherapy which was associated with an increase in colonization of surfaces with Candida spp., particularly C albicans. Microbial colonization increased during radiotherapy and as an obturator aged, and decreased following a reline, delivery of a new prosthesis, or antifungal treatment during radiotherapy. Microbial colonization of maxillary obturators was related to the stage of treatment, age of the obturator material, radiotherapy and antifungal medications, and antifungal treatment may be recommended if C albicans colonization of palatal tissues is greater than 105 colony-forming units per cm2 following the first week of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M Lyons
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John Beumer
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahmoud M Bakr
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert M Love
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Singh HP, Bansal P, Sh T. Denture Stomatitis and Candida albicans in the Indian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45182. [PMID: 37842362 PMCID: PMC10575763 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS), a common oral condition among denture wearers, is frequently associated with Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonization. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of DS prevalence and its relationship with C. albicans in the Indian population. We conducted a thorough search of multiple databases for studies without any limitation to the publication timeframe, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were assessed for quality and included in the meta-analysis. Data regarding DS prevalence, risk factors, and C. albicans colonization were extracted and analyzed. A total of four studies comprising 415 participants were included in the review. The overall odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR) for the prevalence of C. albicans in DS patients were 0.75 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.99) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.00), respectively, indicating a statistically significant association between DS and C. albicans colonization. Several risk factors, including continuous denture wearing, advanced denture age, poor denture hygiene, and high sugar intake, were identified as contributing to DS development. This systematic review and meta-analysis highlight the substantial burden of DS and its association with C. albicans colonization in the Indian population. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive oral care, improved denture hygiene, dietary counseling, and interventions to enhance salivary flow in denture wearers to mitigate the risk of DS. These insights can inform healthcare providers and policymakers to develop targeted strategies for DS prevention and management in India. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the significance of oral health awareness and preventive strategies in groups with a high frequency of denture usage in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkanwal Preet Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences (Baba Farid University of Health Sciences), Faridkot, IND
| | - Pardeep Bansal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences (Baba Farid University of Health Sciences), Faridkot, IND
| | - Thippeswamy Sh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences (Baba Farid University of Health Sciences), Faridkot, IND
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Jo YH, Lee WJ, Yoon HI. Feasibility of microencapsulated phytochemical as disinfectant for inhibition of Candida albicans proliferation on denture base produced by digital light processing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287867. [PMID: 37437045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS A proper disinfection of denture is vital to prevent a fungal infection. A study on the feasibility of microencapsulated phytochemical as complementary disinfectant and its interaction with effervescent tablet immersion on denture base resin is lacking. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of phytochemical-filled microcapsules as disinfectant for the inhibition of Candida albicans (C. albicans) attachment on the denture base produced by digital light processing (DLP). METHODS 54 denture base specimens uniformly mixed with or without 5wt% phytochemical-filled microcapsules were prepared using DLP. Fungal cells were inoculated onto the surfaces of the specimens, which were divided into three different disinfection treatment groups (n = 9): 1) none, 2) sterile tap water immersion for 15 min, and 3) effervescent tablet immersion for 15 min. After each treatment, the biofilm on denture surface was stained with a crystal violet solution to measure the absorbance. The number of fungal colonies was counted as colony-forming units (CFU) per mL. Morphological changes were examined by microscopy. An aligned rank transform analysis of variance was performed to analyze the interaction of presence of microcapsule and disinfection condition, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Both for the absorbance and CFU, there was no significant interaction between the presence of microcapsules and disinfection conditions (P = 0.543 and P = 0.077, respectively). The presence of microcapsules was statistically significant (both P < 0.001), while the effect of disinfection condition was not significant (P = 0.165 and P = 0.189, respectively). Morphological changes in fungi were detected in the groups containing microcapsules, whereas undamaged hyphal structures were found in those without microcapsules, irrespective of disinfection treatments. CONCLUSIONS The presence of phytochemical-filled microcapsules significantly reduced the adhesion of C. albicans and inhibited its proliferation on denture surfaces, regardless of disinfection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bonafé ACF, Oliveira DFLM, Fernandes EE, Garcia MT, Bressane A, de Oliveira W, de Mello Rode S. Microbiological evaluation in invisible aligner chemical cleaning methods against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023:S0889-5406(23)00272-X. [PMID: 37294233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the efficacy of chemical agents in removing Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans biofilm from invisible aligners. METHODS The samples were made of EX30 Invisalign trays, biofilm was cultured by standardized suspensions of C. albicans ATCC strain and S. mutans clinical strain on the sample. The treatments used were 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) (20 minutes), 1% NaClO (10 minutes), chlorhexidine (5 minutes), peroxide (15 minutes), and orthophosphoric acid (15 seconds). The control group received phosphate-buffered saline for 10 minutes. The colony-forming units per milliliter of each microorganism were determined by serial dilutions seeded in plates with selective culture mediums for each one. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Conover-Iman tests at an α of 0.05. RESULTS For the C. albicans biofilm group, the control group had 9.7 Log10 of microorganism growth, and all treatment groups had statistically significant biofilm reduction, in which chlorhexidine presented the highest inhibition of 3 Log10, followed by alkaline peroxide and orthophosphoric acid both with 2.6 Log10, 1% NaClO (2.5 Log10), and 0.5% NaClO (2 Log10). As for S. mutans, the control group had 8.9 Log10 of growth, and a total microorganism inhibition was reached by chlorhexidine, 1% NaClO, and orthophosphoric acid, whereas alkaline peroxide inhibited growth to 7.9 Log10 and 0.5% NaClO 5.1 Log10. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations, chlorhexidine and orthophosphoric acid had greater efficacy in both biofilms. In addition, 1% NaClO and alkaline peroxide also had significant effects; therefore, their incorporation aligners disinfection protocols are valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ferreira Bonafé
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | | | - Ellen Eduarda Fernandes
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Adriano Bressane
- Department of Environment Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Sigmar de Mello Rode
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Kaurani P, Hindocha AD, Jayasinghe RM, Pai UY, Batra K, Price C. Effect of addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the antimicrobial properties, surface roughness and surface hardness of polymethyl methacrylate: A Systematic Review. F1000Res 2023; 12:577. [PMID: 37424742 PMCID: PMC10323281 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) denture-base resins have poor surface properties that facilitates microbial adhesion causing denture stomatitis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of different sizes and percentages of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) on the antimicrobial property, surface roughness and surface hardness of PMMA denture base resin. Methods: A systematic search of English peer-reviewed articles, clinical trial registries, grey literature databases and other online sources was performed using the PRISMA-S Guidelines for In-Vivo and In-Vitro studies. Qualitative data synthesis was performed to analyse sample dimensions, acrylic used, treatments of nanoparticles, methods used for testing and effect of size and percentage of nanoparticle. Risk of bias assessment was done using modified Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Out of 1376 articles, 15 were included. TiO 2NP of size less than 30 nm was most frequently used. Both antimicrobial property and surface hardness improved irrespective of the size of the added TiO 2NP. Three studies reported increase in the surface roughness with less than 50 nm TiO 2NP. 3% TiO 2NP was most frequently used. On increasing the percentage, three studies reported an increase in antimicrobial property, while two studies found no change. With TiO 2NP greater than or equal to 3%, six studies reported an increase in surface hardness, while two reported increase in surface roughness. Large methodological variations were observed across studies. All studies except one were of moderate quality. Conclusions: On addition of TiO 2NP to heat polymerized PMMA, the antimicrobial property and surface hardness improved irrespective of the size of the TiO 2NP, however, addition of nanoparticles less than 50 nm increased the surface roughness. Increasing the percentage of TiO 2NP increased the surface hardness but did not always increase the antimicrobial property. Addition of 3% TiO 2NP provided optimum results with regards to antimicrobial effect and surface hardness, but increase in the surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Kaurani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302022, India
| | - Amit D Hindocha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India
| | - Rasika Manori Jayasinghe
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences , University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Central province, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Umesh Y Pai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575004, India
| | - Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89102, USA
| | - Carrie Price
- Health Professions Librarian, Albert S. Cook Library, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, 21252, USA
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22
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Sampaio C, Pessan JP, Nunes GP, Magno MB, Maia LC, Exterkate R, Deng D, Monteiro DR. Are the counts of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus changed in complete denture wearers carrying denture stomatitis? A systematic review with meta-analyses. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00180-4. [PMID: 37080861 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Despite the importance of Candida spp. on the etiology of denture stomatitis (DS), information on the role of the bacterial component is still scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether the counts of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were changed in complete denture wearers diagnosed with Candida-associated DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature search was performed in 8 databases and by hand searching. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa qualifier. Meta-analyses were performed considering the microorganism evaluated (S. aureus or S. mutans) and the collection area (mucosa or dentures). The certainty of evidence was assessed according to the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) criteria. RESULTS Participants with DS presented higher counts of S. aureus in the mucosa compared with those from the control group (OR, 3.16 [1.62, 6.15]; P<.001). No significant difference between the groups was observed for samples collected from dentures (OR, 0.73 [0.50, 1.07]; P=.110). Conversely, participants without DS presented higher counts of S. mutans both in the mucosa (OR, 0.19 [0.06, 0.63]; P=.006) and dentures (OR, 0.64 [0.41, 1.0]; P=.050). CONCLUSIONS Microbial counts in participants with DS changed as a function of the type of microorganism and collection site. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. The findings reinforce the fact that bacteria also play a relevant role in DS and should be more extensively studied. Such information may be useful to guide further therapies to prevent or control DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Sampaio
- PhD, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano P Pessan
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Nunes
- PhD student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela B Magno
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucianne C Maia
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rob Exterkate
- Research Staff Member, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas R Monteiro
- Professor, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Osman RB, Khoder G, Fayed B, Kedia RA, Elkareimi Y, Alharbi N. Influence of Fabrication Technique on Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans to Conventional, Milled, and 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin Materials: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081836. [PMID: 37111983 PMCID: PMC10146129 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans (C. albicans) on conventionally fabricated, milled, and 3D-printed denture base resin materials in order to determine the susceptibility of denture contamination during clinical use. Specimens were incubated with C. albicans (ATCC 10231) for 1 and 24 h. Adhesion and biofilm formation of C. albicans were assessed using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The XTT (2,3-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide) assay was used for the quantification of fungal adhesion and biofilm formation. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.02 for windows. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc testing were performed with a statistical significance level set at α = 0.05. The quantitative XTT biofilm assay revealed significant differences in the biofilm formation of C. albicans between the three groups in the 24 h incubation period. The highest proportion of biofilm formation was observed in the 3D-printed group, followed by the conventional group, while the lowest candida biofilm formation was observed in the milled group. The difference in biofilm formation among the three tested dentures was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The manufacturing technique has an influence on the surface topography and microbiological properties of the fabricated denture base resin material. Additive 3D-printing technology results in increased candida adhesion and the roughest surface topography of maxillary resin denture base as compared to conventional flask compression and CAD/CAM milling techniques. In a clinical setting, patients wearing additively manufactured maxillary complete dentures are thus more susceptible to the development of candida-associated denture stomatitis and accordingly, strict oral hygiene measures and maintenance programs should be emphasized to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham B Osman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Reena Arora Kedia
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Nawal Alharbi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alhamdan EM. Influence of Contemporary Photoactivated Disinfection on the Mechanical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of PMMA Denture Base: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103523. [PMID: 36958538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dentures bases. METHODS THE FOCUSED RESEARCH QUESTION WAS: : "What is the effect of contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods as compared to conventional disinfection protocols on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases?". An electronic literature search was carried out by the author and a senior librarian specialized in health sciences on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. In vitro investigations evaluating the antimicrobial and/or mechanical effects of photoactivated disinfectants as compared to conventional chemical disinfectants on the microbes formed on PMMA denture bases were included. Meta-analysis was performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Four out of eight studies concluded that photoactivated disinfectants, including riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), hematoporphyrin-mediated PDT, poly-L-glycolic acid loaded with methylene blue, Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and chitosan-mediated PDT, demonstrated a significant reduction in colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of exposed viable colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) comparable to the conventionally used chemical disinfectants of PMMA denture bases. Contrarily, two studies concluded that the PMMA denture base colonized with C. albicans and disinfected with conventional chemical disinfectants showed the greatest anti-fungal efficaciousness. All the included studies concluded that the application of photoactivated disinfectants does not negatively impact the mechanical features of the PMMA denture bases colonized with microbes including E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant reduction in C. albicans counts (CFU/mL [Log10]) (p < 0.00001) and improvement in the flexural strength (p = 0.0002) of PMMA-based denture base after the application of conventional disinfectants, while a statistically significant improvement in the fracture strength of PMMA-based denture base was observed after the application of photoactivated disinfectants (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION According to the systematic review (qualitative synthesis), photoactivated disinfectants demonstrated comparable mechanical features and antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases to conventional chemical disinfectants suggesting their potential to be utilized as an alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants. However, the meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis) revealed that the application of conventional disinfectants demonstrated better outcomes related to antimicrobial activity and flexural strength of PMMA-based denture based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alhamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O.Box 21069, Riyadh 11475, Saudi Arabia.
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Antimicrobial surface processing of polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin using a novel silica-based coating technology. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1043-1053. [PMID: 35969316 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the surface characteristics of denture base resin coatings prepared using a novel silica-based film containing hinokitiol and assessed the effect of this coating on Candida albicans adhesion and growth. METHODS Silica-based coating solutions (control solution; CS) and CS containing hinokitiol (CS-H) were prepared. C. albicans biofilm formed on denture base specimens coated with each solution and these uncoated specimens (control) were analyzed using colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Specimen surfaces were analyzed by measuring the surface roughness and wettability and with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Stability of coated specimens was assessed via immersion in water for 1 week for each group (control-1w, CS-1w, and CS-H-1w) followed by CFU assay, measurement of surface roughness and wettability, and FT-IR. RESULTS CS-H and CS-H-1w contained significantly lower CFUs than those present in the control and control-1w, which was also confirmed via SEM. Fluorescence microscopy from the CS-H group identified several dead cells. The values of surface roughness from coating groups were significantly less than those from the control and control-1w. The surface wettability from all coating groups exhibited high hydrophobicity. FT-IR analyses demonstrated that specimens were successfully coated, and 1H NMR analyses showed that hinokitiol was incorporated inside CS-H. CONCLUSIONS A silica-based denture coating that incorporates hinokitiol inhibits C. albicans growth on denture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We provide a novel antifungal denture coating which can be helpful for the treatment of denture stomatitis.
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AlMojel N, AbdulAzees PA, Lamb EM, Amaechi BT. Determining growth inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm on denture materials after application of an organoselenium-containing dental sealant. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:205-212. [PMID: 34078547 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by the formation of Candida albicans biofilm on denture bases. It is associated with aggravating intraoral pain, itching, and burning sensations. It can also potentiate cardiovascular diseases and aspiration pneumonia. The problem has thus far eluded efficient, toxic-free, and cost-effective solutions. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effectiveness of organoselenium to inhibit the formation of C. albicans biofilm on the surface of acrylic resin denture base materials when it is either incorporated into the acrylic resin material or coated on the denture surface as a light-polymerized surface sealant. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate disks were fabricated and assigned to 4 groups (n=15): disks coated with a light-polymerized organoselenium-containing enamel surface sealant (DenteShield), disks impregnated with 0.5% organoselenium (0.5% selenium), disks impregnated with 1% organoselenium (1% selenium), and disks without organoselenium (control). C. albicans biofilm was grown on each disk which had been placed in a well of the microtiter plate containing 1-mL brain heart infusion broth inoculated with C. albicans. The plates were incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 48 hours. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to determine the biofilm thickness, biomass, and live/dead cell ratio. Biofilm morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy, whereas microbial viability was quantified by the spread plate method. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons (α=.05). RESULTS The microbial viability, biofilm thickness, biofilm biomass, and live/dead cell ratio were lower (P<.001) on disks in the test groups (DenteShield, 0.5% selenium, 1% selenium) when compared with the control group, with these variables being lowest in the 0.5% selenium and 1% selenium groups. The 0.5% selenium and 1% selenium groups did not differ significantly from each other in any of the variables (P>.05). Scanning electron microscope images showed inhibition of both biofilm growth and yeast to hyphae transition in the DenteShield, 0.5% selenium, and 1% selenium groups, with visible disruption of the biofilm morphology. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that organoselenium, whether incorporated into or coated on the surface of an acrylic resin denture base material, has the potential to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm growth on denture surfaces and as such can be clinically useful for the prevention of denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda AlMojel
- Former Resident, Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Parveez Ahmed AbdulAzees
- Post-doctoral fellow, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - E Mathew Lamb
- Assistance Professor and program director prosthodontic residency, Department of Comprehensive dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Professor and Director of Cariology, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas.
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Prospects on Tuning Bioactive and Antimicrobial Denture Base Resin Materials: A Narrative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010054. [PMID: 36616404 PMCID: PMC9823688 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture base resin (DBR) materials are used in dentistry in constructing removable dentures and implant-supported prostheses. A plethora of evidence has demonstrated that DBR materials are associated with a high risk of denture stomatitis, a clinical complication where the soft oral tissues underneath the resin-based material are inflamed. The prevalence of denture stomatitis among denture wearers is high worldwide. Plaque accumulation and the infiltration of oral microbes into DBRs are among the main risk factors for denture stomatitis. The attachment of fungal species, mainly Candida albicans, to DBRs can irritate the underneath soft tissues, leading to the onset of the disease. As a result, several attempts were achieved to functionalize antimicrobial compounds and particles into DBRs to prevent microbial attachment. This review article explored the advanced approaches in designing bioactive and antimicrobial DBR materials. It was reported that using monomer mixtures, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), and organic and inorganic particles can suppress the growth of denture stomatitis-related pathogens. This paper also highlighted the importance of characterizing bioactive DBRs to be mechanically and physically sustainable. Future directions may implement a clinical translational model to attempt these materials inside the oral cavity.
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Lee EH, Jeon YH, An SJ, Deng YH, Kwon HB, Lim YJ, Kong H, Kim MJ. Removal effect of Candida albicans biofilms from the PMMA resin surface by using a manganese oxide nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12290. [PMID: 36593839 PMCID: PMC9803711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent oral candidiasis, removal of the Candida biofilms from dentures is important. However, common denture cleaners are insufficiently effective in removing biofilms. A manganese oxide (MnO2) nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler (DM) can generate oxygen gas microbubbles by a catalase-mimicking activity in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). DM can invade and destroy biofilms with the driving force of continuously generated microbubbles. In this study, the Candida biofilm removal efficiency by co-treatment of DM and H2O2 was investigated. Diatom particles were reacted with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to prepare amine-substituted diatom particles. These particles were reacted with potassium permanganate to fabricate DMs. The morphology and components of DM were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four types of denture base resin specimens on which biofilms of Candida albicans were formed were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), Polident 5-Minute (Polident group), 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX group), 3% H2O2 (H2O2 group), and co-treatment of 3 mg/mL of DM and 3% H2O2 (DM group). The biofilm removal effect of each group was quantitatively analyzed by crystal violet assay, and the results were visually confirmed by SEM images. After each treatment, the remaining C. albicans were stained with Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide, and observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate the viability. MnO2 nanozyme sheets were successfully doped on the surface of the fabricated DM. Although biofilms were not effectively removed in the Polident and CHX groups, CLSM images showed that CHX was able to effectively kill C. albicans in the biofilms on all resin specimen types. According to the crystal violet analysis, the H2O2 groups removed the biofilms on heat-activated and 3D-printed resins (P < .01), but could not remove the biofilms on autopolymerizing and milled resins significantly (P = .1161 and P = .1401, respectively). The DM groups significantly removed C. albicans from all resin specimen types (P < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Jeon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jin An
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Heng Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ho-Beom Kwon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author.
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Al-Qahtani MA. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in disinfection of Candida biofilms on acrylic dentures: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:102980. [PMID: 35809827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze and summarize the currently available scientific evidence concerning antifungal efficacy of aPDT against Candida on acrylic surface. METHODS The focused question was: '"Is aPDT effective in minimizing the counts of Candida on acrylic dentures". A literature search was conducted interpedently on the following electronic research databases: PubMED/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar and Embase. The MeSH terms used were: ((antimicrobial photodynamic therapy) OR (light) OR (laser) OR (photodynamic)) AND ((Candida) OR (denture stomatitis)) AND ((denture) OR (acrylic) OR (polymethylmethacrylate) OR (dental prosthesis)). Data was extracted from the studies and quality assessment was carried out using a modified version of the CONSORT checklist. RESULTS Eighteen in-vitro anti-microbial studies and 5 clinical studies were included. Twenty-two studies suggested that aPDT was effective in reducing the Candida count on acrylic dentures and one study did not have a significant effect. 19 out of 23 studies were graded as having 'medium' quality and 4 studies were graded as 'high'. Several photosensitizers, including methylene blue, porphyrin derivatives, toluidine blue-O and others were used. LED was the most popular light source used for photo-activation of the photosensitizers. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this review, aPDT is effective in reducing Candida growth on acrylic dentures and may prove to be clinical effective in preventing or treating denture stomatitis. However, more long-term clinical research is required before its clinical efficacy can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ayedh Al-Qahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Abduljalil H, Bakri A, Albashaireh K, Alshanta OA, Brown JL, Sherry L, Kean R, Nile C, McLean W, Ramage G. Screening the Tocriscreen™ bioactive compound library in search for inhibitors of
Candida
biofilm formation. APMIS 2022; 130:568-577. [PMID: 35791082 PMCID: PMC9541805 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms formed by Candida species present a significant clinical problem due to the ineffectiveness of many conventional antifungal agents, in particular the azole class. We urgently require new and clinically approved antifungal agents quickly for treatment of critically ill patients. To improve efficiency in antifungal drug development, we utilized a library of 1280 biologically active molecules within the Tocriscreen 2.0 Micro library. Candida aurisNCPF 8973 and Candida albicansSC5314 were initially screened for biofilm inhibitory activity using metabolic and biomass quantitative assessment methods, followed up by targeted evaluation of five selected hits. The initial screening (80% metabolic inhibition rate) revealed that there was 90 and 87 hits (approx. 7%) for C. albicans and C. auris, respectively. Additionally, all five compounds selected from the initial hits exhibited a biofilm inhibition effect against several key Candida species tested, including C. glabrata and C. krusei. Toyocamycin displayed the most potent activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 μg/mL, though was limited to inhibition. Darapladib demonstrated an efficacy for biofilm inhibition and treatment at a concentration range from 8 to 32 μg/mL and from 16 to 256 μg/mL, respectively. Combinational testing with conventional antifungals against C. albicans strains demonstrated a range of synergies for planktonic cells, and notably an anti‐biofilm synergy for darapladib and caspofungin. Together, these data provide new insights into antifungal management possibilities for Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Abduljalil
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Ahmed Bakri
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Khawlah Albashaireh
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Om Alkhir Alshanta
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Jason L. Brown
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Leighann Sherry
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Ryan Kean
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University
| | | | - William McLean
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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Redfern J, Tosheva L, Malic S, Butcher M, Ramage G, Verran J. The denture microbiome in health and disease: an exploration of a unique community. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:195-209. [PMID: 35634756 PMCID: PMC9546486 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The United Nations suggests the global population of denture wearers (an artificial device that acts as a replacement for teeth) is likely to rise significantly by the year 2050. Dentures become colonized by microbial biofilms, the composition of which is influenced by complex factors such as patient’s age and health, and the nature of the denture material. Since colonization (and subsequent biofilm formation) by some micro‐organisms can significantly impact the health of the denture wearer, the study of denture microbiology has long been of interest to researchers. The specific local and systemic health risks of denture plaque are different from those of dental plaque, particularly with respect to the presence of the opportunist pathogen Candida albicans and various other nonoral opportunists. Here, we reflect on advancements in our understanding of the relationship between micro‐organisms, dentures, and the host, and highlight how our growing knowledge of the microbiome, biofilms, and novel antimicrobial technologies may better inform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of denture‐associated infections, thereby enhancing the quality and longevity of denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Redfern
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - L Tosheva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - S Malic
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - M Butcher
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - G Ramage
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - J Verran
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
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Alkahtani F. Efficacy of chemical and Photoactivated disinfectants against Candida Albicans and assessment of hardness, roughness, and mass loss of acrylic denture base resin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102911. [PMID: 35595187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of hematoporphyrin derivative, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), glutaraldehyde (GaH), and a chlorhexidine (CHX) on mass loss (ML), microhardness, and surface roughness (Ra) of acrylic denture base colonized with C. Albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 heat cure acrylic resin dentures were fabricated and inoculated by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of C. Albicans in an in-vitro situation. Specimens were divided into four groups (n=10) based on the method of disinfection. Hematoporphyrin derivatives, 1% NaOCl, 2% GaH, and 4% CHX.The pre and post candida (CFU/ml) counts were recorded before and after immersion. ML, microhardness, and Ra of acrylic denture were also assessed. Statistical analysis was executed for CFU/mL (log10) for exposed C. Albicans by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple tests (p>0.05). For normality of the data, Dunnet's Simultaneous test was performed. RESULTS In terms of candida strain analysis, pretreatment to posttreatment comparisons revealed a reduction in mean Candida count in all groups (p<0.05). The highest ML value after post candida disinfection of acrylic denture was observed in 2% GaH (1.587 ± 0.25) treated specimens. The least microhardness value was found in group 1 when treated with hematoporphyrin (0.97 ± 0.22 VHN) which was significantly different from other groups (p<0.05). Group 1 surface treated with hematoporphyrin derivate (1.84 ± 0.22 μm) showed the highest Ra values (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Acrylic denture base resin colonized with C. Albicans when treated with a chemical disinfectant of 4% chlorhexidine displayed the highest antimicrobial efficacy with reduced mass loss, less surface roughness, and maximum denture hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alkahtani
- Department of prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
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Kaypetch R, Rudrakanjana P, Churnjitapirom P, Tua-Ngam P, Tonput P, Tantivitayakul P. Geraniol and thymoquinone inhibit Candida spp. biofilm formation on acrylic denture resin without affecting surface roughness or color. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:161-166. [PMID: 35321964 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the in vitro effects of geraniol (GE) and thymoquinone (TQ) on Candida biofilms on denture acrylic and any accompanying changes in acrylic surface roughness or color. METHODS The susceptibility of Candida species to GE and TQ was determined using the broth microdilution method and time-kill assay. A minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay was performed using 7-day Candida biofilms grown on denture acrylic. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GE and TQ for Candida spp. was 256 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. The Candida strain complete kill rates for GE and TQ at 5-fold MIC were determined after 1 h of incubation. At 5-fold MIC, GE and TQ inhibited the preformed biofilm activity (MBEC80) of all Candida strains on denture acrylic by more than 80% after treatment for 3 h. At sub-MIC levels, GE and TQ prevented the development of C. albicans and C. tropicalis hyphae. SEM images demonstrated that GE and TQ damaged the fungal cell membrane and induced cell lysis. On the other hand, GE and TQ at 10-fold MIC did not alter the surface roughness or color of the denture acrylic. CONCLUSION GE and TQ are interesting natural substances that could be developed as promising disinfectants for removable dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pairin Tonput
- Research Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
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Priya A, Nivetha S, Pandian SK. Synergistic Interaction of Piperine and Thymol on Attenuation of the Biofilm Formation, Hyphal Morphogenesis and Phenotypic Switching in Candida albicans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:780545. [PMID: 35127553 PMCID: PMC8807486 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.780545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections has significantly increased in recent years due to the emergence of antifungal resistance. Biofilm formation is considered to be a major contributor to both the infectious diseases and to antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, biofilm-associated infections are often problematic to treat with existing therapeutics. Adhesion of C. albicans to the host surface or implanted materials followed by hyphal invasion and biofilm formation enhances C. albicans pathogenicity and virulence. Thus, developing a therapeutic agent that inhibits candidal adherence, biofilm development and morphological switching could improve clinical management of infections. The present investigation studied two emerging and alternatives strategies, namely antibiofilm and combinatorial approach, to attenuate biofilm formation and the expression of Candida virulence factors. Piperine and thymol are major bioactive components of pepper and thyme, respectively. These phytochemicals are known to possess numerous biological activities, including recently reported antibiofilm effects against C. albicans. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of both phytochemicals was determined to be 32 µg/ml. The phytochemical treatment of Candida biofilms using piperine and thymol revealed synergistic effects at four different combinations of concentrations, i.e. 8 and 8, 8 and 4, 8 and 2 and 4 and 8 µg/ml. These synergistic combinations resulted in the significant reduction in adherence of Candida, hyphal extension and morphological transformation. Moreover, limited exposure of synergistic combinations controlled the hyphal elongation. Results were validated through the gene expression analysis. Results from the present investigation suggest that piperine and thymol can be synergistically employed for the treatment of biofilm-associated C. albicans infection.
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An In Vitro Evaluation of Denture Cleansing Regimens against a Polymicrobial Denture Biofilm Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010113. [PMID: 35052990 PMCID: PMC8772836 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory disease resulting from a polymicrobial biofilm perturbation at the denture surface–palatal mucosa interface. Recommendations made by dental health care professionals often lack clarity for appropriate denture cleaning. This study investigated the efficacy of brushing with off-the-shelf denture cleanser (DC) tablets (Poligrip®) vs. two toothpastes (Colgate® and Crest®) in alleviating the viable microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in an in vitro denture biofilm model. Biofilms were grown on poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA) discs, then treated daily for 7 days with mechanical disruption (brushing), plus Poligrip® DC, Colgate® or Crest® toothpastes. Weekly treatment with Poligrip® DC on day 7 only was compared to daily modalities. All treatment parameters were processed to determine viable colony forming units for bacteria and fungi using the Miles and Misra technique, and imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Brushing with daily DC therapy was the most effective treatment in reducing the viable biofilm over 7 days of treatment. Brushing only was ineffective in controlling the viable bioburden, which was confirmed by CLSM imaging. This data indicates that regular cleansing of PMMA with DC was best for polymicrobial biofilms.
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Denture Acrylic Resin Material with Antibacterial and Protein-Repelling Properties for the Prevention of Denture Stomatitis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020230. [PMID: 35054637 PMCID: PMC8777866 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis is a multifactorial pathological condition of the oral mucosa that affects up to 72% of denture wearers. It is commonly seen on the palatal mucosa and characterized by erythema on the oral mucosa that are in contact with the denture surface. The aim of this study was to incorporate 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) into a high impact polymethylmethacrylate heat-cured denture base acrylic resin as a potential treatment for denture stomatitis. We used a comparative study design to examine the effect of incorporating MPC as a protein repellent agent and DMAHDM as an antifungal agent to prevent the adherence of Candida albicans to the denture base material. The dual incorporation of MPC and DMAHDM reduced C. albicans biofilm colony-forming unit by two orders of magnitude when compared to the control group devoid of the bioactive agents. Although the addition of MPC and DMAHDM alone or in combination significantly reduced the flexural strength of the material, they showed reduced roughness values when compared to control groups. This new denture acrylic resin provides the benefit of enhancing C. albicans biofilm elimination through dual mechanisms of action, which could potentially reduce the prevalence of denture stomatitis.
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Manikandan S, Vinesh E, Selvi DT, Kannan RK, Jayakumar A, Dinakaran J. Prevalence of Candida among denture wearers and nondenture wearers. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 14:S702-S705. [PMID: 36110628 PMCID: PMC9469301 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_781_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A denture wearer is highly prone to develop Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) due to the conversion of the normal oral commensal Candida spp. into a pathogen under favorable conditions. Immuno-compromised status, trauma from the prosthesis, other systemic conditions, and improper maintenance of the dentures by the patient are few of the causative agents which turn the oral balance into an unhealthy and unsuitable foundation for the wearing of the prosthesis. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare subjects wearing complete dentures and nondenture wearers regarding Candida isolates associated with disease and colonization among the different age groups. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 subjects, 30 wearing complete dentures (Group-A) and 30 nondentures wearers (Group-B), were matched for gender, race, and age. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected and cultured in CHROMagar using standard protocols. Results: The mean value of the candidal colony-forming units with respect to Group A is Candida Albicans 0.36 ± 2.008, Candida krusei 0.27 ± 1.061, P value Group B: C. albicans 0.73 ± 2.196, C. krusei 0.36 ± 1.084. There was a significant relation between denture wearers and heavy growth of C. albicans and C. krusei in saliva culture with a P value of P-0.054 and P-0.036, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that denture wearers with oral Candida had a higher prevalence of CADS. Patients with removable prostheses should be informed about the importance of proper prosthesis and personal hygiene since dentures and age-related immunosuppression are both well-known risk factors associated with candidiasis development, the presence of yeast, even in healthy denture wearers, should be considered a risk factor for denture stomatitis that increases with the duration of denture use.
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Nanoparticle-modified PMMA to prevent denture stomatitis: a systematic review. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Apip C, Martínez A, Meléndrez M, Domínguez M, Marzialetti T, Báez R, Sánchez-Sanhueza G, Jaramillo A, Catalán A. An in vitro study on the inhibition and ultrastructural alterations of Candida albicans biofilm by zinc oxide nanowires in a PMMA matrix. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:944-953. [PMID: 34938036 PMCID: PMC8665199 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was (i) to investigate whether nanocomposite poly(methyl-methacrylate)-zinc oxide nanowires (PMMA-ZnO-NWs) have C. albicans antibiofilm activity; (ii) to evaluate the interaction between components of the nanocomposites based on PMMA-ZnO-NWs by Raman spectroscopy; and (iii) to assess ultrastructural alterations. Design Sixty-eight rectangles (17 PMMA (control) and 51 PMMA-ZnO-NWs (250, 500, 1000 ppm ZnO nanowires) were fabricated. C. albicans ATCC 10231 and a C. albicans clinical strain were tested. Adherence, biofilm formation and ultrastructural alterations were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Raman mapping images and spectra were analyzed using main component analysis. Results Nanocomposite PMMA-ZnO-NWs inhibited the formation of C. albicans biofilms 94% at 1000 ppm and 80% at 500 ppm against both C. albicans strains. PMMA-ZnO-NWs induced ultrastructural alterations, including cell wall damage and disorganization of the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in cell lysis. Raman spectroscopy showed new vibrational modes (300-365-485-600 cm-1) for PMMA and ZnO-NW interactions. Conclusions PMMA-ZnO-NWs inhibited C. albicans dose-dependent biofilm formation and led to changes in the structures and cell membrane. Raman spectroscopy showed chemical interactions between ZnO-NWs and PMMA, as suggested by the appearance of new bands at 301 and 485 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Apip
- Oral Prosthetic Rehabilitation Program, Department of Restorative, School of Dentistry, University of Concepción, 1550 Roosevelt, Concepción 4070409, Chile
| | - Alejandra Martínez
- Oral Prosthetic Rehabilitation Program, Department of Restorative, School of Dentistry, University of Concepción, 1550 Roosevelt, Concepción 4070409, Chile
| | - Manuel Meléndrez
- Hybrid Material and Polymer Lab, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mariana Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Concepción, Casilla 160C, Concepción 4070409, Chile
| | - Teresita Marzialetti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 219 Edmundo Larenas, Concepción 4070409, Chile
| | - Ricardo Báez
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Concepción, 219 Edmundo Larenas, Concepción 4070409, Chile
| | - Gabriela Sánchez-Sanhueza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Concepción, 1550 Roosevelt St, Concepción 4070409, Chile
| | - Andrés Jaramillo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Francisco Salazar, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Alfonso Catalán
- Removable Prosthetics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Concepción, 1550 Roosevelt St, Concepción 4070409, Chile
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Tonprasong W, Inokoshi M, Tamura M, Uo M, Wada T, Takahashi R, Hatano K, Shimizubata M, Minakuchi S. Tissue Conditioner Incorporating a Nano-Sized Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (S-PRG) Filler. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216648. [PMID: 34772173 PMCID: PMC8588282 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the properties of a novel tissue conditioner containing a surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) nanofiller. Tissue conditioners containing 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 30 wt% S-PRG nanofiller or 10 or 20 wt% S-PRG microfiller were prepared. The S-PRG nanofillers and microfillers were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The ion release, acid buffering capacity, detail reproduction, consistency, Shore A0 hardness, surface roughness, and Candida albicans adhesion of the tissue conditioners were examined. The results indicated that the nanofiller particles were smaller and more homogeneous in size than the microfiller particles. In addition, Al, B, F, and Sr ions eluted from S-PRG were generally found to decrease after 1 day. Acid neutralization was confirmed in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanical properties of tissue conditioners containing S-PRG nanofiller were clinically acceptable according to ISO standard 10139-1:2018, although the surface roughness increased with increasing filler content. Conditioners with 5-30 wt% nanofiller had a sublethal effect on C. albicans and reduced fungal adhesion in vitro. In summary, tissue conditioner containing at least 5 wt% S-PRG nanofiller can reduce C. albicans adhesion and has potential as an alternative soft lining material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Masanao Inokoshi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.U.); (T.W.)
| | - Takahiro Wada
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.U.); (T.W.)
| | - Rena Takahashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Keita Hatano
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Makoto Shimizubata
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
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D’Ercole S, Di Lodovico S, Iezzi G, Pierfelice TV, D’Amico E, Cipollina A, Piattelli A, Cellini L, Petrini M. Complex Electromagnetic Fields Reduce Candida albicans Planktonic Growth and Its Adhesion to Titanium Surfaces. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091261. [PMID: 34572449 PMCID: PMC8466218 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of different programs of complex electromagnetic fields (C.M.F.s) on Candida albicans, in planktonic and sessile phase and on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF cells). In vitro cultures of C. albicans ATCC 10231 and HGF cells were exposed to different cycles of C.M.F.s defined as: oxidative stress, oxidative stress/antibacterial, antibacterial, antibacterial/oxidative stress. Colony forming units (CFUs), metabolic activity, cells viability (live/dead), cell morphology, filamentation analysis, and cytotoxicity assay were performed. The broth cultures, exposed to the different C.M.F.s, were grown on titanium discs for 48 h. The quantity comparisons of adhered C. albicans on surfaces were determined by CFUs and scanning electron microscopy. The C. albicans growth could be readily controlled with C.M.F.s reducing the number of cultivable planktonic cells vs. controls, independently by the treatment applied. In particular, the antibacterial program was associated with lower levels of CFUs. The quantification of the metabolic activity was significantly lower by using the oxidative stress program. Live/dead images showed that C.M.F.s significantly decreased the viability of C. albicans. C.M.F.s inhibited C. albicans virulence traits reducing hyphal morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation on titanium discs. The MTS assay showed no negative effects on the viability of HGF. Independent of the adopted protocol, C.M.F.s exert antifungal and anti-virulence action against C. albicans, no cytotoxicity effects on HGF and can be useful in the prevention and treatment of yeast biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.I.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (S.D.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.I.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.I.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Emira D’Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.I.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.I.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46004 Valencia, Spain
- Biomaterial Engineering, Catholic University of San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, Via Leonardo Petruzzi 42, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena del Dott. L. Petruzzi, Via Leonardo Petruzzi 42, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (S.D.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (G.I.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
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Endogenous nitric oxide-generating surfaces via polydopamine-copper coatings for preventing biofilm dispersal and promoting microbial killing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112297. [PMID: 34474848 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peri-implantitis is a bacterially induced inflammatory disease which affects the hard and soft tissues around a dental implant. Microbial biofilm formation is an important causative factor in peri-implantitis. The aim of this study is to develop an effective multifunctional surface coating for antimicrobial property and to counteract oral biofilm-associated infections via a single polydopamine copper coating (PDAM@Cu) on titanium implant surface to regulate endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generation. METHODS PDAM@Cu coatings were made with different concentrations of CuCl2 on titanium surfaces with a simple dip coating technique. Coatings were characterised to evaluate Cu concentrations as well as NO release rates from the coatings. Further, salivary biofilms were made on the coatings using Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) media in an anaerobic chamber. Biofilms were prepared with three different mixtures, one of which was saliva only, the second had an addition of sheep's blood, and the third was prepared with NO donors S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and L-glutathione (GSH) in the mixture of saliva and blood to evaluate the effects of endogenously produced NO on biofilms. The effectiveness of coated surfaces on biofilms were assessed using four different methods, namely, crystal violet assay, scanning electron microscopy imaging, 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) metabolic assay, and live/dead staining. RESULTS NO release rates could be controlled with different Cu concentration in PDAM@Cu coatings. NO generated from the PDAM@Cu coatings effectively induced dispersal of biofilms shown by the reduction in biofilm biomass as well as reduced biofilm attachment in samples prepared with blood and NO donors. Cu ions released from the PDAM@Cu coatings resulted in killing of the dispersed bacteria, which was evidenced by the live/dead cell staining and reduced metabolic activity noted from the XTT assay. In contrast, samples prepared with saliva showed no significant reduction in biofilms, indicating the important effect of endogenously generated NO on biofilm dispersal. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PDAM@Cu coatings with NO generating surfaces have a dual anti-biofilm function, with a synergistic effect on biofilm dispersal from regulated NO generation and bactericidal effects from Cu ions from the coatings.
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Ganan M, Lorentzen SB, Gaustad P, Sørlie M. Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Chito-Oligosaccharides and Commercial Antifungals on Biofilms of Clinical Candida Isolates. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:718. [PMID: 34575756 PMCID: PMC8464920 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of yeast biofilms is a major problem due to their increased antifungal resistance, which leads to persistent infections with severe clinical implications. The high antifungal activity of well-characterized chitosan polymers makes them potential alternatives for treating yeast biofilms. The activity of a chito-oligosaccharide with a depolymerization degree (DPn) of 32 (C32) and a fraction of acetylation (FA) of 0.15 on Candida sp. biofilms was studied. The results showed a concentration-dependent reduction in the number of viable cells present in C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. guillermondii preformed biofilms in the presence of C32, especially on intermediate and mature biofilms. A significant decrease in the metabolic activity of yeast biofilms treated with C32 was also observed. The antifungals fluconazole (Flu) and miconazole (Mcz) decreased the number of viable cells in preformed early biofilms, but not in the intermediate or mature biofilms. Contrary to Flu or Mcz, C32 also reduced the formation of new biofilms. Interestingly, a synergistic effect on yeast biofilm was observed when C32 and Flu/Mcz were used in combination. C32 has the potential to become an alternative therapeutic agent against Candida biofilms alone or in combination with antifungal drugs and this will reduce the use of antifungals and decrease antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ganan
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Aas, Norway; (M.G.); (S.B.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Fürst Medical Laboratory, 0154 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Silje B. Lorentzen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Aas, Norway; (M.G.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Peter Gaustad
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Fürst Medical Laboratory, 0154 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Morten Sørlie
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Aas, Norway; (M.G.); (S.B.L.)
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Evaluation of YouTube as an information source for denture care. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 129:623-629. [PMID: 34362564 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture cleaning is indispensable to the maintenance of good oral and systemic health for denture users. Nowadays people often consult YouTube about health-related topics, including denture care. However, the quality of the information about denture care presented on YouTube is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and quality of popular videos about denture care shared by different uploaders on YouTube and to evaluate the demographic characteristics of the videos. MATERIAL AND METHODS Google Trends showed that "denture cleaning" was the most searched keyword on the topic. This keyword was used to search YouTube videos. Of the 200 most-watched videos, 109 videos were selected for analysis. Included videos were analyzed for their demographic data, including number of views; number of likes, dislikes, and comments; days since upload; duration and number of subscribers; an 8-point usefulness score system, a global quality scale (GQS); video sources; target groups; and primary purposes of the videos. Statistical analyses were conducted by using the Kruskal-Wallis test, post hoc Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson chi-squared test, and Spearman correlation analysis, which was used to investigate the relationship among total content score, GQS score, and video demographics. Cohen kappa statistics was used to measure the reliability of the investigator's evaluations of the videos (α=.05). RESULTS Based on the usefulness score, 59.6% of the videos were classified as poor, 32.1% as moderate, and 8.2% as good. No statistically significant differences were found among usefulness scores according to the video demographics, except lower GQS score of poor content videos (P<.001). The overall mean ±standard deviation GQS score was 1.92 ±1.0 out of 5. Videos were primarily uploaded (38.5%) from commercial companies. No statistically significant difference was found between video sources and usefulness scores (P>.05). The number of videos with poor content was significantly higher than the number with moderate and good content among the videos primarily intended for the education of health professionals (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The majority (59.6%) of YouTube videos on denture care received poor content quality ratings, independent of video demographics. Therefore, YouTube is not suitable as the only source of information on denture care. Dentists and prosthodontists should take more responsibility for enriching the content of video-sharing platforms because this content can affect the behavior of patients and their attitudes about denture care.
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Antiadhesive Properties of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Based on (-)-Menthol Against Candida spp. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147543. [PMID: 34299160 PMCID: PMC8304783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Candida spp. are commonly found in long-time denture wearers, and when under immunosuppression can lead to stomatitis. Imidazolium ionic liquids with an alkyl or alkyloxymethyl chain and a natural (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol substituent possess high antifungal and antiadhesive properties towards C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. We tested three compounds and found they disturbed fungal plasma membranes, with no significant hemolytic properties. In the smallest hemolytic concentrations, all compounds inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation on acrylic, and partially on porcelain and alloy dentures. Biofilm eradication may result from hyphae inhibition (for alkyl derivatives) or cell wall lysis and reduction of adhesins level (for alkyloxymethyl derivative). Thus, we propose the compounds presented herein as potential anti-fungal denture cleaners or denture fixatives, especially due to their low toxicity towards mammalian erythrocytes after short-term exposure.
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Hatano K, Inokoshi M, Tamura M, Uo M, Shimizubata M, Tonprasong W, Wada T, Takahashi R, Imai K, Minakuchi S. Novel antimicrobial denture adhesive containing S-PRG filler. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1365-1372. [PMID: 34234047 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial effects of denture adhesives containing novel surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers were assessed. We prepared denture adhesives containing S-PRG (particle sizes: 1 and 3 µm; quantities: 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%). We evaluated acid buffering capacity, ion release, and antimicrobial effects of denture adhesives with and without S-PRG. Significantly higher pH changes were observed in 1 µm S-PRG adhesives than in 3 µm S-PRG adhesives. Adhesives containing 7.5 and 10 wt% S-PRG exhibited significantly higher ion release than adhesives with 5 wt% S-PRG. The 1µm-10wt% S-PRG denture adhesive exhibited significantly lower colony-forming units on the denture adhesive contact surface than in the control group; additionally, it exhibited excellent acid buffering capacity, ion release properties, and antimicrobial effect against C. albicans, C. glabrata, S. mutans, and A. naeslundii. Longer contact periods resulted in significantly lower adhesion of Candida albicans to the denture base resin treated with denture adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hatano
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masanao Inokoshi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Makoto Shimizubata
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takahiro Wada
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Rena Takahashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Toothpaste Containing Tea Tree Oil and Ethanolic Extract of Propolis on the Improvement of Oral Health in Patients Using Removable Partial Dentures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134071. [PMID: 34279411 PMCID: PMC8271704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of toothpaste containing natural tea tree essential oil (TTO) and ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP), on microflora and selected indicators of oral health in patients using removable acrylic partial dentures. Fifty patients with varying conditions of hygiene were divided into two groups. The study group received the toothpaste with TTO and EEP, while the control group received the same toothpaste but without TTO and EEP. At the first visit, oral hygiene and hygiene of the prostheses were carried out. Control visits took place 7 and 28 days later and compared to baseline. Indexes like API (Approximal Plaque Index), mSBI (modified Sulcus Bleeding Index), OHI-s (simplified Oral Hygiene Index), and DPI (Denture Plaque Index) were assessed in three subsequent stages, and swabs were collected from floor of the mouth area to assess the microbiota. After 7 and 28 days of using the toothpaste with TTO and EEP, a statistically significant decrease of the examined indicator values were observed in the study group as compared to the values upon the initial visit. The number of isolated strains of microorganisms in the study group was decreased or maintained at the same level, whereas in the control group an increase in the number of isolated strains was observed. The observed stabilization of oral microbiota in patients from the study group confirms the beneficial activity of toothpaste containing EEP and TTO compared to the control group.
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Dentino AR, Lee D, Dentino K, Guentsch A, Tahriri M. Inhibition of Candida albicans and Mixed Salivary Bacterial Biofilms on Antimicrobial Loaded Phosphated Poly(methyl methacrylate). Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040427. [PMID: 33924304 PMCID: PMC8070037 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play a crucial role in the development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Inhibition of microbial adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and phosphate containing PMMA has been examined in this work. C. albicans and mixed salivary microbial biofilms were compared on naked and salivary pre-conditioned PMMA surfaces in the presence or absence of antimicrobials (Cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], KSL-W, Histatin 5 [His 5]). Polymers with varying amounts of phosphate (0–25%) were tested using four C. albicans oral isolates as well as mixed salivary bacteria and 24 h biofilms were assessed for metabolic activity and confirmed using Live/Dead staining and confocal microscopy. Biofilm metabolism was reduced as phosphate density increased (15%: p = 0.004; 25%: p = 0.001). Loading of CPC on 15% phosphated disks showed a substantial decrease (p = 0.001) in biofilm metabolism in the presence or absence of a salivary pellicle. Salivary pellicle on uncharged PMMA enhanced the antimicrobial activity of CPC only. CPC also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity on mixed salivary bacterial biofilms under different conditions displaying the potent efficacy of CPC (350 µg/mL) when combined with an artificial protein pellicle (Biotene half strength).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Dentino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - DongHwa Lee
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Kelley Dentino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
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Monteiro DR, de Souza Batista VE, Caldeirão ACM, Jacinto RDC, Pessan JP. Oral prosthetic microbiology: aspects related to the oral microbiome, surface properties, and strategies for controlling biofilms. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:353-371. [PMID: 34139899 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1912741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is an environment that allows for the development of complex ecosystems; the placement of prosthetic devices as a consequence of partial or total tooth loss may alter the diversity of microbial communities. Biofilms on the surface of materials used in dental prostheses can promote important changes in the mechanic and aesthetic properties of the material itself and may cause local and systemic diseases for the prosthetic wearer. This review presents the main features of the oral microbiome associated with complete or partial dentures and dental implants. The main diseases associated with microbial colonization of prosthetic surfaces, factors that may affect biofilm formation on prosthetic materials, as well as novel alternative therapies aiming to reduce biofilm formation and/or to eradicate biofilms formed on these materials are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério de Castilho Jacinto
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fibrin Biopolymer Incorporated with Antimicrobial Agents: A Proposal for Coating Denture Bases. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071618. [PMID: 33810381 PMCID: PMC8037169 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the denture base surface, in combination with the oral environment, promote the colonization and development of Candida albicans biofilm, which is the main cause of denture stomatitis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fibrin biopolymer with digluconate chlorhexidine or Punica granatum alcoholic extract to prevent C. albicans biofilm. Conventional heat polymerized and pre-polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) circular specimens (10 × 2 mm) were fabricated (n = 504) and randomly divided into groups: no treatment (control—CT), fibrin biopolymer coating (FB), fibrin biopolymer with P. granatum (FBPg), or digluconate of chlorhexidine (FBCh) coating. The specimens were inoculated with C. albicans SC5314 (1 × 107 cells/mL) and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. Crystal violet and colony-forming unit assays were used to quantify the total biofilm biomass and biofilm-living cells. A qualitative analysis was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data obtained are expressed as means and standard deviations and were statistically analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05). The FBPg and FBCh groups inhibited the growth of C. albicans biofilm in both PMMA materials analyzed, with FBCh performing better in all periods evaluated (p < 0.0001). The colony forming unit (CFU) assay showed that the FB group favored the C. albicans biofilm growth at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.0001), with no differences with CT group at 72 h (p = 0.790). All groups showed an enhancement in biofilm development up to 72 h (p < 0.0001), except the FBCh group (p = 0.100). No statistical differences were found between the PMMA base materials (p > 0.050), except in the FB group (p < 0.0001). Fibrin biopolymer, albeit a scaffold for the growth of C. albicans, when combined with chlorhexidine digluconate or P. granatum, demonstrated excellent performance as a drug delivery system, preventing and controlling the formation of denture biofilm.
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